A group of paintings and drawings

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Authors McGrew, Bruce, 1937-1999

Publisher The University of Arizona.

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A G R O U P O F PA IN TIN G S A ND DRAWINGS

by

B r u c e Me G rew

An E s s a y S u b m it te d in L ie u of T h e s i s To th e F a c u l ty of th e

D E P A R T M E N T O F A R T

In P a r t i a l F u l f i l lm e n t of th e R e q u i r e m e n t s F o r th e D e g re e of

M A STER O F F IN E A R TS

In th e G ra d u a te C o lleg e

TH E UNIVERSITY O F ARIZONA

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S T A T E M E N T BY A U T H O R

T his e s s a y h a s been s u b m i t te d in p a r t i a l fu l f i l lm e n t of r e q u i r e m e n t s fo r an a d v a n c e d d e g r e e a t The U n iv e r s i ty of A r iz o n a an d i s d e p o s i te d in the U n iv e r s i ty L i b r a r y to be m a d e a v a i la b le to b o r r o w e r s u n d e r r u l e s of th e L i b r a r y .

B r ie f q u o ta t io n s f r o m th i s e s s a y a r e a l lo w a b le w ith o u t s p e c ia l p e r m i s s i o n , p ro v id e d th a t a c c u r a t e a c k n o w le d g m e n t of s o u r c e is m a d e . R e q u e s t s fo r p e r m i s s i o n fo r e x te n d e d q u o ta t io n f r o m o r r e p r o d u c t io n of th is m a n u s c r i p t in w hole o r in p a r t m a y be g r a n te d by th e h e a d of the m a jo r d e p a r tm e n t or the D ean of the G ra d u a te C o lle g e w hen in h is ju d g m e n t the p r o p o s e d u s e of th e m a t e r i a l i s in the i n t e r e s t s of s c h o la r s h ip . In a l l o th e r i n s t a n c e s , in c lu d in g r e p r o d u c t io n of th e w o rk of a r t , p e r m i s s i o n m u s t be o b ta in e d f r o m the a u th o r .

SIGNED:

A P P R O V A L BY P R O J E C T SU PERV ISO R

T h is e s s a y h a s been a p p ro v e d on the d a te shown below:

I 'L y 1 , M Golfn D ate

TV>DOUGLAS DENNISTON

A s s i s t a n t P r o f e s s o r of A r t

‘ W ith a l l i t s e y es the c r e a t u r e - w o r l d beh o ld s the open „ „ 6 „

We*ve n e v e r s no3 no t fo r a s in g le day p u r e s p a c e b e f o r e u s , su ch a s th a t w h ich f lo w e r s e n d le s s ly open in to • • .

. It f i l l s use We a r r a n g e it® It decayso . We r e - a r r a n g e i t , a n d d e ca y our s e lv e s o ^

W hile wor,king an d e x p e r ie n c in g t h e r e h av e b e en t im e s w hen I

h av e r e a c h e d th is no p e n n e s s lt w ith no d i f f e r e n c e b e tw ee n th e s u b je c t iv e

and objective<> . W hen I lo o k e d a t an o b je c t , i t lo o k ed backo T h is e x ­

ch an g e w a s a t t im e s enough, a n d I found i t im p o s s i b le to work® In th is

s t a t e of a w a r e n e s s I m a d e no im p o s i t io n s o r v a lu e judgem ents® E v e r y ­

th ing h a d i t s v a lu e b e c a u s e of i t s existence® T h is ty p e of c o m p le te

Mo p e n n e s s n w a s a lw a y s f lee t in g , , an d I c o u ld not s u s ta in it® - S o m e t im e s

w hen w o rk in g ,on c e r t a i n p a s s a g e s I h e ld m y b r e a th in an. a t t e m p t to

h o ld th e rea liza tion® I h a v e not b e e n a b le to r e a c h th is c o n d it io n v e r y

often , n o r h av e I b e e n .a b le to d e a l w ith i t to any g r e a t ex ten t ; h o w e v e r ,

m a n y th in g s b e c o m e c l e a r a t th e s e times® T h a t I h a v e m a d e su ch an

a t t e m p t to w o rk w hen e x p e r ie n c in g su c h a u n ity m a d e m e f e e l th a t

p a in t in g w a s a p a r t of me® . It i s p e r h a p s th e b e s t a n d m o s t n a tu r a l w ay

fo r m e to k e e p in a p o s i t io n of c o n t in u a l experience®

I® , R a i n e r M a r i a R ilk e , Duino E l e g i e s , New Y ork , N® Y®, W® Wo N o r to n & Co®, Inc®, 1939° pp® 67, 71®

1

2

W ork ing w ith th is o p e n n e s s b e fo re m e I r e a l i z e d th a t a s t im e

p a s s e d t h e r e w a s " m o r e l ig h t" . In o th e r w o rd s m y v i s io n s t i l l o u t ­

w e ig h e d m y k n o w led g e . My e y es saw m o r e th an m y h e a r t knew , to

p a r a p h r a s e B lak e . -I a l s o r e a l i z e d m a n y p r o b le m s d e a l in g w ith m y

w o rk i t s e l f a n d i t s p o s i t io n to the e x p e r i e n c e s .

A s soon a s th e b r u s h to u c h e s th e p a p e r t h e r e a p p e a r f o r m s w h ich r e c e d e o r s ta n d ou t in r e l i e f . ^

In th i s e s s a y I w il l r e l a t e a s m a n y of th e s e p r o b le m s , w h ich

I b r in g to m y w o rk a n d m y w o rk b r in g s to m e , a s p o s s ib l e . T he s t a t ­

ing o f s u c h p r o b le m s in th is e s s a y w il l not, of c o u r s e , g iv e a s c o m p le te

an u n d e r s ta n d in g of m y p r e s e n t a b i l i t i e s to d ea l w ith th e m a s does th e

w o rk i t s e l f . I w il l t h e r e f o r e in c lu d e r e p r o d u c t io n s a n d q u o ta t io n s ,

w h ich I f e e l m ay . e x p r e s s m y th o u g h ts m o r e c l e a r l y . W hat I am p r e ­

sen t in g th e n i s no t a c o n c lu s io n to m y p r o b le m s , but a s t a t e m e n t of

m y p r e s e n t p o s i t io n in r e l a t i o n s h ip to th e s e p r o b l e m s . I a m not a s

c o n c e r n e d w ith so lu t io n s a s I a m w ith d e a l in g w ith a co n tin u in g

e x p an s io n .

My E y e s m o r e an d m o r e L ik e a S ea w ith o u t s h o r e

3C on tin u e E x p an d in g , . . .

2. . O s v a ld S e r in , T he C h in e s e on th e A r t of P a in t in g , New Y ork , N. Y . , S ch o ck en B ooks, p. 164.

3. , M a r k S c h o r e r , , W il l iam B lak e , T he P o l i t i c s of V is ion , New Y ork , N. Y . , V in ta g e B ooks, 1959° p° 5.

I h a v e found i t n e c e s s a r y to ta k e c e r t a i n p o s i t io n s o r a t t i tu d e s

in o r d e r to s u s ta in an d m o r e c o m p le te ly d e a l w ith an e x p e r i e n c e I w an t

to e x p r e s s . I t i s d if f icu l t to s e l e c t c e r t a i n p r o b le m s , w o r k w ith th em

thorough ly ,, an d a v o id p a t t e r n s of tho u g h t w h ich le a d to a s a fe p r e ­

c o n c e iv e d so lu t io n . J o y c e C ary , s p e a k s of Z o la 's p r o c e s s of s e le c t io n :

T he p i c t u r e gave h im th e v a lu a t io n by w h ich h e s e l e c t e d f r o m th e c o n fu s io n of th e a c t iv e s c e n e w h a t w a s s ig n i f ic a n t to h im . . F r o m w h a t w a s s ig n i f ic a n t ag a in , h e s e l e c t e d th a t p a r t w h ic h co u ld be m a d e s ig n i f ic a n t in a nove l, g iven th e l im i ta t io n of th a t a r t . ^

To m a k e th e m o s t s ig n i f ic a n t s e le c t io n , i t i s n e c e s s a r y to h a v e th e s u b ­

j e c t b e fo re m e . W hen n o t w o rk in g d i r e c t l y f r o m the s u b je c t th e s h a p e s

o ften b e c o m e c l ic h e s a n d b eg in to lo s e t h e i r in h e r e n t e n e r g y . . I h a v e

b een p a in t in g d i r e c t ly , on th e s u r f a c e w ith o u t a s k e tc h in a n a t t e m p t to

b r e a k a w ay f r o m too m u c h d raw in g . In th is w ay I h o p e to e x p lo re m o r e

th o ro u g h ly th e q u a l i t i e s an d p o s s i b i l i t i e s of p a in t . . I e n jo y defying th e

tw o -d im e n s io n a l l im i t a t i o n of a s u r f a c e w ith im p l i e d s p a c e , but I a l s o

en joy the q u a l i ty p a in t c a n g iv e to th e i n e v i t a b i l i ty of th e s u r f a c e . I

h a v e a l s o t r i e d no t to r e l y h e a v i ly on im p o s e d o r p r e - c o n c e i v e d id e a s

w h ich m ig h t cu t off th e p o s s ib i l i t y of a d i s c o v e r y ,

to im p o s e i s no tTo d i s c o v e r . To d i s c o v e r an o r d e r a s if A s e a s o n , to d i s c o v e r s u m m e r a n d know i t . . .

4. Jo y c e C a r y, A r t a n d R e a l i t y , G a rd e n C ity , N. Y . , D o u b le - day, 1958. p. 132.

5. W a l la c e S te v e n s , P o e m s by W a lla c e S te v e n s , New Y ork , N. Y . , R an d o m H ouse , 1959. p. XIV.

I w o u ld l ik e to w o rk , m o r e th a n I have,, f r o m th in g s a s I f in d th e m a n d

not in a "S e t Up" s i tu a t io n .

. In p a in t in g I r e a l i z e t h e r e a r e c e r t a i n th in g s w h ic h can h e lp

m e to e x p r e s s .w h a t . I s e e b e fo re m e . . J u s t a s I h av e c h o s e n to r e c o r d

m y e x p e r i e n c e s , I h a v e c h o s e n w ay s th a t ;w i l l h e lp in m a k in g a l l the

p a r t s of a w o rk h a v e a u n ity I w an t. . I h a v e not w o r k e d f r o m a th e o ry ,

n o r h a v e I t r i e d to d e v e lo p one . . E a c h s e p a ra te , w o rk s e t s up s i tu a t io n s

w h ich h a v e th e i r own r e l a t i o n s h ip s . . I b u ild a n d d e s t r o y an d m o v e

th in g s a b o u t on th e s u r f a c e , so a s to g iv e a l l th e s h a p e s t h e i r own

e x i s t e n c e . T h e s e a r e th e c o n s c io u s e l e m e n t s in m y w o rk ; th e th in g s

I b r in g w ith m e a s I e n c o u n te r new e x p e r i e n c e s .

. I h a v e b e e n d ea lin g w ith s p a c e an d c o lo r e l e m e n t s w h ich I

f e e l w il l h e lp e x te n d th e e x p e r i e n c e I w a n t to e x p r e s s . T h e s e p r o b ­

le m s of c o lo r a n d s p a c e c o m e f r o m m y w o rk . I d id no t s e t out to

so lv e th e m . I h a v e begun to r e a l i z e a n d know the th in g s th a t o c c u r

w h en .I u s e v a r io u s c o l o r s . . In m y p a in t in g s I f e e l th a t c o lo r i s the

v e h ic le w h ich l a r g e ly d e t e r m in e s s p a t i a l r e l a t i o n s h ip . . W hile w o r k ­

ing I o f ten ch an g e th e c o lo r r e l a t i o n s h ip in th e s a m e a t t e m p t to f in d

th e un ity I d e s i r e . I h a v e in s o m e c a s e s l im i t e d m y p a l e t t e in an

e f f o r t to s im p l i fy th e c o u n t le s s p o s s i b i l i t i e s th a t e x i s t ( F ig u r e 1). I

sh o u ld l ik e to do m o r e o f th i s . W hile s e a r c h in g fo r th e u n i ty of t h e s e

c o lo r s a n d s h a p e s , I h a v e found th a t t h e r e m u s t be m o r e s ig n i f ic a n c e

5

th a n j u s t t h e i r r e l a t i o n s h ip to one a n o th e r . . I f e e l a n a r e a to be " r e a l "

w h e r e I h a v e m a n a g e d to u n i te th e c o lo r an d i t s fu n c t io n in s p a c e w ith

w h a t I f e e l i s th e e s s e n c e of w ha t I w a n t to e x p r e s s . The w o r k m u s t

r e m a i n " r e a l " in th is r e s p e c t o r I f in d m y s e l f in v o lv e d w ith d e c o r a t io n

o r f i l l in g in . T h e r e i s a p a ra d o x , w h ich m u s t a lw a y s be r e s o l v e d a t

s o m e po in t, c o n c e rn in g the e m p h a s i s p l a c e d on th e r e a l i t y of th e s u r ­

f a c e w ith i t s p o s s i b i l i t i e s a n d l im i t a t i o n s an d th e p u r e e x p e r i e n c e of

co n ce p t .

. . . . L o o k e d a t in one way, th e s e a r e l im i ta t io n s an d m a t t e r fo r r e g r e t ; lo o k ed a t in a n o th e r w ay, th e y a r e c o n d i t io n s and m a t t e r fo r r e j o i c i n g - - c o n d i t i o n s , th a t i s to say , f o r the f u l f i l l ­m e n t of our s p e c i f i c a l ly h u m a n ta s k , th a t of t r a n s f o r m a t i o n . ^

I h av e , i n so m e c a s e s , s t a y e d w ith a p a in t in g un ti l I f e l t I h a d g iv en th is

e x is te n c e to th e p r o p e r s h a p e s in th e p r o p e r r e l a t i o n s h i p s . T h e re

r e m a in , h o w e v e r , m a n y p a s s a g e s w ith w h ich I w o u ld l ik e to sp e n d

m o r e t im e . I a m a m u s e d a t w h a t I now r e a l i z e , an d cou ld , a s m y

a w a r e n e s s g ro w s , r e t u r n to, and d e a l w ith , th e s e s h a p e s . I o ften

do r e t u r n un ti l th e p o s s i b i l i t i e s of a new w o rk , b a s e d on w h a t I have

l e a r n e d a n d w h a t m a k e up m y p r e s e n t , in d u c e m e to s t a r t a n o th e r

s u r f a c e .

E v e n th e w o r s t a r t i s t th a t e v e r w a s , even a o n e - e y e d m e n ta l d e f ic ie n t w ith s n a k e s in both h a n d s who s e t s out to p a in t a c h ic k e n h o u s e , c a n en joy th e f i r s t s t r o k e . C an th in k , by God, look w h a t I ’ve done;. A m i r a c l e . Y es th e b eg inn ing , th e f i r s t s t r o k e on a p i c t u r e , . o r a b a ck fe n c e , m u s t be one of th e

6. . R ilk e , op. c i t . , p . 112.

k e e n e s t p l e a s u r e s open to m a n k in d . . . . A n d i t d o e s n ' t l a s t l o n g - - B e f o r e the f i r s t p r o b le m show s i t s dev il f a c e . A nd th e n h e ' s in h e l l fo r th e n ex t m o n th o r s ix m o n th s o r w ha t - e v e r i t m a y be.

. F o r m e t h e r e i s m u c h p l e a s u r e in r e a l i z i n g th a t I a m a b le to

b r in g p a s t e x p e r i e n c e s , w h ich h a v e b e c o m e " r e a l " , to m y p r e s e n t

s t a t e of c o n s c io u s n e s s a n d d e a l w ith th e m in th e c r e a t io n of even

s o m e th in g new . C o n v e r s e ly , I t r y to a v o id a s t a t e m e n t w h ic h i s a

p a t t e r n of p a s t a w a r e n e s s o r obv ious c o n t r iv e d c o n s t r u c t i o n s . The

b a la n c e b e tw ee n th e s e two i s a lw a y s a p r o b le m w h ich m u s t be d e a l t

w ith e v e r y t im e I b eg in a p a in t in g . T h is p r o b le m a l s o a p p l ie s to

v is io n a s w e l l a s th e w o r k . . W hen I s e e th e w o rk of o th e r s I m u s t be

open to th e e x p e r i e n c e th e y o f f e r . I t i s e a s i e r , to be in f lu e n c e d a n d

a c c e p t a l r e a d y t r a n s f o r m e d e x p e r i e n c e s p r e s e n t e d by o th e r a r t i s t s

th an th o s e p r e s e n t e d by n a tu r e . , W hen I s e e a h a n d by M ic h e la n g e lo

o r Van: Gogh I c o m p r e h e n d how th e y d e a l t w ith w h a t th e y s a w . To

s tu d y th e i r w o rk a d d s th e i r v i s io n to m y c o n s c io u s n e s s a n d h e lp s m e

se e , but i t does no t o f fe r a so lu t io n fo r d e a l in g w ith th e s a m e p r o b le m .

W hat d i f f e r e n t i a t e s th e m a n o f g e n iu s f r o m the m a n of ta le n t , th e c r a f t s m a n an d th e d i le t ta n te i s no t th e i n te n s i ty of h i s r e s p o n s e s to w h a t h e s e e s , n o r on ly th a t of h is r e s p o n s e s to o t h e r s ' w o rk s of a r t ; i t i s th e f a c t th a t he a lo n e , a m o n g s t a l l

7. Jo y ce C a ry , The H o r s e ' s M outh, New Y ork , N. Y . , H a r p e r a n d B r o th e r s , 1944. p . 174.

th o s e w hom th e s e w o r k s of a r t d e l ig h t , m u s t see k , by th e s a m e token , to d e s t r o y th e m . ^

A r e v o l t of th is ty p e does not m e a n in v e n t io n or r e a c t io n . T he s e a r c h

fo r in v e n t io n i s m e a n in g le s s , an d in v o lv e s c o m p a r i s o n . . R e a c t io n ■

m e r e l y s e n d s one in th e o p p o s i te d i r e c t io n . To r e c o g n iz e , a b s o r b

an d t r a n s f o r m i s a l to g e th e r a d i f f e r e n t p r o c e s s . ' T h is p r o c e s s i s

a l s o c o n d i t io n e d by th e m e d iu m a n d fo l lo w s in d i f f e r e n t o r d e r a s th e

m e d iu m c h a n g e s .

I h a v e found th a t m y w a te r c o lo r s , a l l done in th e d e s e r t ,

e x p r e s s th is d i f f e r e n c e in p r o c e s s ( F i g u r e s 2 -4 ) . They, a r e s p o n ­

ta n e o u s a n d e x h ib it a m o r e d i r e c t a c t iv i ty th a n m y o i ls , p e r h a p s

b e c a u s e of th e m e d ia . I t . i s a r e l i e f a n d a joy to le a v e th e s tud io a n d

e x p e r i e n c e th e d e s e r t in s u c h a sp o n ta n e o u s w ay . I m a k e fe w e r

c h a n g e s a n d m o v e s h a p e s a ro u n d on th e p a p e r l e s s . . I t i s a p ro b le m

of s e le c t io n a n d in d e a l in g w ith i t th e p r o c e s s b e c o m e s a "one fo r o n e"

ex ch a n g e . T h is ty p e of " o p e n n e s s " o r " e m p ty n e s s " h a s in s o m e c a s e s

in d ic a te d c e r t a i n w a y s of d ea lin g w ith s i m i l a r p r o b le m s in o th e r m e d ia .

T he w a t e r c o l o r s h a v e a f r e s h n e s s th a t m y o i ls la ck , a n d a r e p e r h a p s

l e s s l a b o re d . . P a in t in g in th e d e s e r t o f f e r s m e th e b e s t w ay a n d an

e x c u s e , so to sp ea k , fo r g e t t in g in v o lv e d w ith w h a t e x i s t s t h e r e . My

w a t e r c o l o r s a r e no t a n a t t e m p t a t c a p tu r in g th e d e s e r t , bu t a r e s o m e ­

th ing I d id w h ile look ing a t i t .

8. A n d r e M a lra u x , T he V o ic e s of S i len c e , G a r d e n C i ty , . N. Y. , D oubleday , 1953. p . 359.

8

In c lu d e d in th e t h e s i s a r e s o m e e a r l i e r d ra w in g s done w hen I

f i r s t r e a l i z e d th a t I m u s t m o v e on f r o m th e p o s i t io n I w a s th e n in . . I

h a d d e v e lo p e d a c e r t a i n f a c i l i ty in p a in t in g an d d raw in g , a n d m y w o rk

s e e m e d to be r e s o l v e d a t th e s a m e p o in t . O nce I h a d fo u n d c e r t a i n

r e l a t i o n s h ip s I c o n t in u e d to r e - u s e th e m . . I w a s m e r e l y r e p r o d u c in g

,a so lu t io n w h ich c o n c e r n e d o th e r s i tu a t io n s . My f i r s t m o v e a f te r th is

r e a l i z a t i o n w a s a s e r i e s of d ra w in g s u n d e r s t r i c t d i s c ip l in e ( F ig u r e s

5 -7 ) . I l im i t e d th e s e d ra w in g s to v e r y l i t t l e c o lo r an d u s e d s im p le

s t i l l l i fe m a t e r i a l . . In th is c a s e I w o r k e d f r o m th e p a r t i c u l a r to th e

g e n e r a l t r y in g to g ive e a c h o b je c t c o m p le te c o n s id e r a t io n . In t h e s e

e a r l y d ra w in g s o b je c t s o f te n do no t s e e m to r e l a t e to one a n o th e r , an d

su c h th in g s a s p e r s p e c t i v e h a v e ob v io u s a w k w a rd n e s s , bu t t h e r e i s a

s p i r i t an d h o n e s ty in th e in d iv id u a l s h a p e s w h ich e n c o u r a g e d m e to c o n ­

t in u e th e d i s c ip l in e . T h e s e d ra w in g s do no t h a v e a s m u c h im m e d ia c y

a s do m y p r e v io u s w o rk s , a n d in g e n e r a l a r e dull in s u r f a c e t r e a tm e n t .

T he o v e r u s e of s u r f a c e in v o lv e m e n t w a s one of th e v e r y th in g s f r o m

w h ich I w a n te d to m o v e . • S om e d i f f ic u l t ie s a r o s e w hen I m o v e d f r o m

th e s e d ra w in g s on to p a in t in g a n d c o lo r . A f te r su c h a c o n c e n t r a t io n on

d ra w in g m y p a in t in g s b e c a m e t in te d d ra w in g s . T he l a s t s e r i e s of p a i n t ­

in g s s e e m f u r t h e r aw ay from, th i s p r o b le m . The m a j o r i t y d e a l w ith th e

h u m a n f ig u r e a s a m a t t e r of c h o ic e ( F i g u r e s 8 -1 3 ) . M o s t of th e f i g u r e s

a r e f a i r l y c lo s e to th e s u r f a c e ; a l th o u g h I h a v e m a d e s o m e a t t e m p t a t

ch ang ing th e i r p o s i t io n s . . I sh o u ld l ik e to c o n tin u e t h i s . I h a v e b een

c o n s id e r in g expand ing th e p r o b le m to in c lu d e m o r e f i g u r e s 9 an d 1 w o u ld

like to in v o lv e landscape., , A s th e s e p r o b le m s ta k e sh ap e I r e a l i z e the

e n d le s s p o s s ib i l i t ie s o

T h e f ig u r e of a l a b o u r e r - - s o m e f u r r o w s in a p lo u g h e d f i e l d - - a b it of sand , s e a a n d s k y - - a r e s e r i o u s s u b je c ts , so d iff icu lt , bu t a t the s a m e t im e so b eau t i fu l , th a t i t i s in d e e d w o r t h ­w h ile to d evo te o n e 1 s l i fe to the t a s k of e x p r e s s in g th e p o e t r y h id d en in them e ^

9o V in c en t V an Gogh, D e a r T h e o , G a rd e n C ity , N. Y , , D ouble day, 1937e C o v e r , sheeto

. A P P E N D I X

F ig u r e 1. F o x w ith B lue C lo th .

12

F i g u r e 2. D e s e r t W a t e r c o l o r .

F ig u r e 3. D e s e r t W a t e r c o l o r .

14

F i g u r e 4. D e s e r t W a t e r c o l o r .

F ig u r e 5. S ti l l L ife D raw in g .

F i g u r e 6. S t i l l L i f e D r a w i n g

17

F i g u r e 7. F a y e .

18

F i g u r e 8. F o x a t a T a b l e .

19

F i g u r e 9» F o x in B lu e T i g h t s .

20

F i g u r e 10. F o x on S t r i p s .

21

F i g u r e 11. F o x in B lu e a n d W hi te .

22

F i g u r e 12. F o x w i th M o t h e r - i n - L a w 1 s T o n g u e .

23

F i g u r e 13. F o x w i t h B l a c k C a n .

B IB LIO G R A PH Y

C a ry , Jo y ce , A r t an d R e a l i ty , G a rd e n C ity , New Y ork , A n c h o r B ooks, 1961 =

C a ry , Jo y ce , T he H o r s e ' s M outh, New Y ork , H a r p e r a n d B r o th e r s , 1944= •

- M a l r a u x , . A n d re , The V o ic e s of S ilen ce , G a rd e n C ity , New Y ork , D oub leday an d C om pany , Inc= , 1953.

. R i lk e , R a i n e r M a r i a , . Duino E l e g i e s , New Y ork , W=. W= . N o r to n a n d C om pany , I n c . , 1939°

. S c h o r e r , M ark , W il l ia m B lak e , T he P o l i t i c s of V is io n , New Y ork, V in ta g e B ooks, I n c . , 1959°

S e r in , O sv a ld , The C h in e s e on the A r t of P a in t in g , New Y ork , S ch o ck en B ooks, 1963.

S tone, I rv in g , D e a r T h eo , G a rd e n C ity , New Y ork , D ouble day a n d C om pany , I n c . , 1937.

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