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Food Living Outside Play Technology Workshop

Make Learning Fun With UV LEDsby biochemtronics on February 6, 2012

Table of Contents

Make Learning Fun With UV LEDs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

Intro: Make Learning Fun With UV LEDs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

Step 1: A word about UV safety. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

Step 2: Categories . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

Step 3: What You Need . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

Step 4: A Look Inside . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

Step 5: Electricity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

Step 6: Electronics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

Step 7: Physics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

Step 8: Epidemiology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

Step 9: Mathematics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

Step 10: Chemistry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

Step 11: Biology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

Step 12: Forensics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

Step 13: Food Safety . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10

Step 14: Zoology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10

Step 15: UV in the Research Laboratory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11

Step 16: Microbiology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11

Step 17: Atmospheric Science . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11

Step 18: Automotive . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12

Step 19: Mineralogy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12

Step 20: Gemology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13

Step 21: Just For Fun . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13

Step 22: UV Scavenger Hunt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15

Step 23: Items That Glow Under UV Light . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15

Step 24: Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16

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Author:biochemtronicsAfter a career in industrial electronics I went back to college and now do DNA research.

Intro: Make Learning Fun With UV LEDsEveryone from from the youngest child to the oldest senior citizen is fascinated by black lights. The same UV light most people associate with the 1960s and 70s hippyscene is also one of the most versatile and fun scientific tools available today. What child or adult wouldn't enjoy exploring their world in whole a new light?

Step 1: A word about UV safety.The term "Ultraviolet" is a bit misleading when used to describe LEDs. UV LEDs actually emit a very narrow band of long wave, "near ultraviolet" light at approximately390 to 400 nm. This wavelength falls within the same, much broader band as regular fluorescent black lights. This means that UV LEDs will NOT make you go blind evenif you stare directly at them for hours at a time. Neither will they kill bacteria. They will not give you skin cancer either. UV LEDs are completely safe no matter what youhave heard or read elsewhere on the internet.

The blinding, killing and cancer causing high energy short wave UV radiation falls in the 10 to 315 nm range. This danger zone of UV light is also completely invisible tothe human eye.

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file:/member/biochemtronics/file:/member/biochemtronics/

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Step 2: CategoriesHere are just a few of the areas of science UV LEDs can be used in.

- Electricity- Electronics- Physics- Epidemiology- Aseptic Technique- Mathematics- Chemistry- Food Safety- Biology- Forensics- Zoology- Atmospheric Science- Microbiology- Automotive- Mineralogy- Gemology- Just for Fun

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Step 3: What You Need- UV LEDs- 3 volt lithium batteries (Types 3032, 2032, 2012 and 2430 all work great)- curiosity

Total Cost = around $0.37 per student

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Step 4: A Look InsideBegin by studying LEDs, how they are made, why they work, etc...

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Light-emitting_diode

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Step 5: ElectricityOnly a 3 battery and UV led are needed to demonstrate a simple electrical circuit. A resistor will be necessary for higher voltage batteries like the 9 volt battery shownhere.

Students can learn the difference between conductors and insulators.They can experiment using a pencil mark on paper as a variable resistor to dim and brighten the LED.Aluminum foil can be used to fashion a simple switch.

The possibilities are endless.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Light-emitting_diode

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Step 6: ElectronicsThe same parts used in the electrical category may also be used in electronics:

The fact that LEDs only light when the battery polarity is correct can lead to a discussion of semiconductor properties.Discussions about various types of batteries and how they provide a voltage potential.What are resistors and what do they do in a circuit?What is the difference between a cathode and an anode?Calculate how long a battery can operate an LED.

Step 7: PhysicsUV LEDs can be used to teach Physics.

Some lesson examples are:

Why do LEDs emit light but regular diodes do not?Why do some objects glow under UV light?Why do some objects emit a different color light when exposed to UV light than under white light? For example, yellow highlighters emit green light when exposedto UV light. Olive oil which is normally slightly greenish brown emits reddish orange light when exposed to UV light?Why do some objects continue to glow even after the UV light is turned off?

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Step 8: EpidemiologyWe hear the words epidemic and pandemic often, but few people truly understand how an infectious agent spreads. A UV LED and a product called Glow Germprovides an excellent demonstration of how a virus could rapidly spread through a population of people. A hand "infected" with Glow Germ is shown below under UV light.

Simply place an object in the classroom that has been "infected" with Glow Germ. Choose an object that the students are sure to touch like an ink pen covered in invisible"germ powder" that is used to "sign in" on a roster sheet or something several students would touch and spread to others. I would suggest practicing with whatever objectyou choose to make sure it works well. An explanation of infectious agents and how they are spread could be followed by an mock epidemiology investigation using UVLEDs to determine which students have been infected. To make it even more interesting, the infecting agent could be secretly removed from or hidden in the classroomand interviews could be conducted to try to determine where the infection originated in the classroom.

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Step 9: MathematicsIncorporation UV LEDs into a math lesson is quite easy using OHM's law to teach basic algebra. Her are a few suggestions:

Calculate the current through the LED using OHM's lawUse OHM's law to calculate the resistance necessary to light the LED at various voltages. e.g 3, 5, 9, 12 and 24 volts DC.Calculate the internal resistance of the LED by measuring the current flowing through and the voltage drop across the LED.

Step 10: ChemistryUV LEDs can also be used for more advanced projects like studying the effectiveness of sun screens and sun blocks. Glass microscope slides or plastic bags coveredwith these products can be used with UV LEDs to measure the amount of UV light each allows to pass. A fluorescent substance behind the slide or inside the plastic bagcan offer a rough estimate of how much UV light each substance blocks.

The following web site has instructions on how to make fluorescence which is highly fluorscent in UV light.http://woelen.homescience.net/science/chem/exps/fluorescence/index.html

http://woelen.homescience.net/science/chem/exps/fluorescence/index.html

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Step 11: BiologyIn Biology UV LEDs can be used for all sorts of things.

Picture 1 - These are lichens on a tree in my back yard. The UV light revealed two types. One emits a pink color and the other emits a deep blue. Both types lookidentical in normal light.

Picture 2 - While wandering around the garden with a UV flashlight at night I discovered that the pollen in this bloom emitted bright red light. An internet search revealedthat some insects, birds, and mammals can actually see in the UV spectrum. It would be interesting to see which insects are attracted to this bloom.

Picture 3 - This is a head of ornamental cabbage in my wife's flower bed. Only the top center of the plant fluoresces.

Picture 4 - This is a picture of a zebra fish embryo that has ingested red fluorescent tagged cholesterol. The embryo being clear it makes it easy to see where thecholesterol accumulates.

Image Notes1. Lichens on a tree trunk in my yard.

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Step 12: ForensicsPicture 1 - UV light can be used to detect counterfeit money. The paper money is printed on does not fluoresce like normal paper. (see picture 1). Americancurrency printed since 2004 has a plastic strip integrated into the paper that glows under UV light. The strips glow blue in $5 bills, orange in $10 bills, green in $20bills, yellow in $50, and red in $100 bills. Because the strip is only visible under UV light, it is nearly impossible to duplicate using even the most advanced colorcopiers. The color variations also help to prevent currency bleaching, in which small denomination bills are bleached and reprinted to resemble higherdenominations.Picture 2 - In 1950 paper manufacturers started adding UV dyes to white paper to make it appear brighter like UV dyes in laundry detergent makes your clotheslook brighter. This makes it very easy to detect document forgeries since pre-1950 documents do not glow under UV light as post-1950 documents do. This alsohelps to identify forged currency since most all of it is printed on modern paper that glows under UV light. The sheet of paper in the middle is pre 1950. The othertwo are post 1950.Picture 3 - Many bank notes like the one from Visa pictured below have special UV inks to help prevent fraud.

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Step 13: Food SafetyEver wonder if there are rats or mice roaming the kitchen when the lights are out. Food safety inspectors want to know the same thing. Luckly rodent urine and hairfluorses under UV light so detecting the presence of rodents is as simple as turning off the lights and turning on your UV LED.

Rodent urine emits blue-white to yellow-white fluorescence when viewed with UV light. The fresher the stain the more blue will fluoresce. Urine stains on food bags,containers, floors, etc. are invisible in room light. However, they are readily discernible under black light. Furthermore, rodents urinate when in motion and their paths arevisible under black light in characteristic droplet pattern or trails so with a little detective work you can track them to their entry point.

Rodents have oily hair that emits a blue-white fluorescence under UV light. The oil will leave tiny smudge marks along walls where they travel. Government foodinspectors routinely use UV light to visually check for rodent hair contamination in grains.

However, use caution when investigating suspected rodent activity as some fluorescent cleaning products or their residue may splash on walls when cleaning or mopingand may produce false positives during your investigation.

The picture on this page shows a rat nesting box under regular and UV light. Blue fluorescent urine stains are clearly visible under UV light.

Step 14: ZoologyMost scorpions fluoresce under UV light as seen in the picture below.

Why do some insects, birds and animals fluoresce and which ones?Do they fluoresce for protection or as a warning?

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Step 15: UV in the Research LaboratoryUV light is very common in research laboratories. One of the most common uses is in the area of genomics research. There DNA and RNA are treated with specialfluorescent chemicals that make them visible under UV light. An excellent example of this is the photograph below which shows various sized bands of DNA that havebeen separated in an agarose gel.

Step 16: MicrobiologyUV light can be used to kill bacteria, microorganisms, molds and fungus. Here it is being used to kill bacteria on eggs. UV sterilization is often used in air and waterpurification systems, aquariums and ponds, laboratories and food and beverage production.

Read more about how UV light kills microorganisms at the following link:

http://www.ehow.com/how-does_5188035_uv-light-kill-bacteria_.html#ixzz1loQBNEjF

Step 17: Atmospheric ScienceUV light is one of the most effective methods of sterilization used. It will kill nearly anything. However, scientist have discovered that the stratosphere contains bacteriaand fungi that live and reproduce there with no apparent adverse effect from the extreme UV light they are exposed to. How these organisms got there, how they stayalive and why the intense UV light does not destroy them is a strange story indeed. Clink the link below or do an internet search for more information.

http://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/1556/1/wainrightm1.pdf

http://www.ehow.com/how-does_5188035_uv-light-kill-bacteria_.html#ixzz1loQBNEjFhttp://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/1556/1/wainrightm1.pdf

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Step 18: AutomotiveAutomotive antifreeze contains fluorescent dyes that glow bright green under UV light. This makes it easy to determine whether leaks are coming from the vehicle'scoolant system or some other system like the air conditioning.

The dye also aids law enforcement officers in recreating accident scenes where one of more vehicle's radiators are damaged during impact. UV light allows theinvestigation officer to precisely determine exactly where the car was positioned when the radiator ruptured. This can often remove all doubt about who crossed thecenter line or failed to yield right of way.

Dyes are also available at auto parts stores that can be added to automotive air conditioning systems to aid in determining the source of leaks using UV light.

Step 19: MineralogyUV light can be used to identify various minerals by their fluorescence under UV light.

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Step 20: GemologyPicture 1 - About 25 percent of all diamonds fluoresce. Diamonds that fluoresce usually appraise lower than diamonds that do not because they sometimes appearslightly cloudy or milky. However, they appear much brighter in natural light than they really are due to their fluorscence.

Picture 2 - The blue Hope diamond emits a brilliant blood red color under UV. Nearly all diamonds fluoresce blue.

Picture 3 - About 1 in 400 diamonds phosfloresce or glow in the dark after being exposed to UV light. This is a phosphorescent diamond in complete darkness after beingexposed to UV light. For some people this makes the diamond even more valuable.

Step 21: Just For FunPicture 1 - Fluorescent Jello - make it using tonic water (very bitter) or vitamin B2

Picture 2 - Kryptonite Candy - look for the recipe here on Instructables

Picture 3 - Fluorscent Art - This is nothing more than fishing line stuffed inside an old light bulb with a UV LED in the bottom.

Picture 4 - Tonic water - really bitter stuff, but it glows a beautiful blue due to the quinine it contains.

Picture 5 - You can purchase UV markers that are completely invisible except under UV light. These can be a lot of fun.

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Step 22: UV Scavenger HuntHere is a fun suggestion. Give your friends a battery and LED. Tell them to find something unusual that fluoresces and ask them to bring it back.

Step 23: Items That Glow Under UV LightCommon materials that fluoresce include:

White PaperPetroleum JellySecurity Strips In US CurrencyTonic WaterBody FluidsVitamin A (beta-carotene)Vitamin B1 (thiamine)Vitamin B-2 (riboflavin)Vitamin B-3 (niacin)Vitamin B-12 (Cyanocobalamin)ChlorophyllAntifreezeLaundry DetergentPolyesterIrish Spring soap Mr. CleanScorpionsTooth WhitenersJellyfishSome Minerals and GemsBrown Spots on BananasYellow HighlightersSome Diamonds (~25%)Olive Oil and Some Other Cooking OilsTelevision and Computer Screens (Older Tube Type)Fluorescent Light Tubes and CFLsMany Plastics

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Some FlowersSome LichensBaby PowderWoolite Rit Fabric Whitener MilkSome Fabric SoftenersLysol (Original)Most Fishing LineKraft Mac n Cheese powderMost Energy DrinksVintage Vaseline GlassFluorosceinPine Sol TeethSome DeodorantsZinc OxideHousehold AmmoniaThe tops of ornamental cabbage

Step 24: ConclusionWhat I have shared here is only the tip of the iceberg. The limiting factor here is imagination and you should have plenty of that once you get started.

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Comments

6 comments Add Comment

presto02 says: Jan 8, 2014. 9:54 AM REPLYawsome

antoniraj says: Oct 1, 2012. 8:21 AM REPLYgood one on LEDs...

mattopensource says: Aug 21, 2012. 6:13 AM REPLYThere are actually germicidal UV LED's on the market now (in the $300/unit range) and those can burn and blind you. They are around ~250nm mostcommonly and are being tested and used for disinfecting water and surfaces. There are also UV florescent lamps that are germicidal as well but only specialorder, anything you find in a hobby or pet store is safe. In a few years (maybe less) the ~250nm UV LED's will be much cheaper and common in themarketplace so something to keep in mind.

dualqual says: Jun 10, 2012. 3:13 AM REPLYExcellent presentation!

rc jedi says: Mar 17, 2012. 6:09 PM REPLYeveryone into led's should reat this ible'. good work. I would like to add an observation. I was messing around with white led one day and put a voltmeter onone and hit it with light from another white. it produced a voltage, don't recall the exact voltage, but i think it did same in full sun too. been some time sincethen. since it's a pn junction, i would expect something like this. anyway, good work!

cyberraxx says: Jun 8, 2012. 5:08 AM REPLYI found that out as well with white LEDs. I was checking if a LED could detect small amount of light but just thought it was my digital voltmeter acting upagain as it sometime registers a voltage when the meters not connected. still reads correct voltages tho.

Some of the items on the last list i didn't know about. great 'ibble

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