A Choice For China ZH - cdn.globalwitness.org · 31 Maung Aye 32 2005 4 Khin Nyunt 40 (MI) 20 100...
Transcript of A Choice For China ZH - cdn.globalwitness.org · 31 Maung Aye 32 2005 4 Khin Nyunt 40 (MI) 20 100...
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Global Witness 2005 10
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6.2
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6.3 HIV 16-18
6.4 18-19
7 19-28
7.1 20
7.2
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7.3
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8.1
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8.2 30-31
8.3 32-34
8.3.1 33-34
8.4 34-36
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GLOBAL WITNESS 37-729 37-49
9.1 39-42
9.1.1 39
9.1.2 40
9.1.3 41
9.1.4 42
9.2 43-46
9.2.1 43-44
9.2.2 44
9.2.3 44
9.2.4 44-45
9.2.5 45-46
9.2.6 Tze Tze 46
9.3 47-49
9.3.1 47-48
9.3.2 48
9.3.3 Ban Li 48
9.3.4 49
9.3.5 Car Zan 49
9.3.6 49
9.3.7 49
10 50-69
10.1 50-51
10.2 51-52
10.3 53-54
9 54
10.4 55-69
10.4.1 56
10.4.2 KIO 57-58
10 59
10.4.3 NDA(K) 60
10.4.4 KIO NDA(K) 61-62
10.4.4.1 61-62
10.4.4.2 NDA(K)
62
10.4.5 SPDC 63-65
10.4.6 N’Mai Hku 66-67
10.4.7
68-69
11 70-71
12 72
73-9413 I 73-78
11 75
13.1 76-78
13.1.1 76-78
13.1.2 78
14 II 79-88
14.1 81-83
14.2 84
14.3 85
14.4
87-88
15 (FLEG)
FLEG 89-91
16 IV 2005 G8
92-94
17 GLOBAL WITNESS’ 95
18 96-98
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CHINSTATE
MANDALAYDIVISION
MAGWEDIVISION
SAGAINGDIVISION
KACHINSTATE
YUNNANPROVINCE
SICHUANPROVINCE
掸邦
PEGUDIVISION
克伦尼邦
KARENSTATE
RAKHINESTATE
MONSTATE
IRRAWADDYDIVISION
仰光DIVISION
TENASSERIMDIVISION
Myitkyina
Lashio
Keng Tung
Taunggyi
Loikaw
Pa’an
Kawthaung
Mergui
Pegu
仰光Bassein
Pyinmana
Mandalay
INDIA
CHINA
BHUTAN
THAILAND
缅甸
LAOS
BANGLADESH
Bay of
Bengal
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Gulf of Thailand
Toungoo
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Moulmein
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KNAKNCA KNAKSC MCSOMECMoFMIMTENATALANCFPNCGUBNDA(K)NDFNGONLDOSSPRCRWE SFA SLORCSPDCSSA(S)SSNA UMEHLUNAIDSUNDCPUSDAUNODC UWSA/P /WHO
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Global Witness 2004 2005
Global Witness Global Witness
Global Witness
Global Witness
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A Conflict of Interests - the uncertainfuture of Burma's forests
A Conflict of Interests
Global Witness 37-72Global Witness
A Conflict of Interests
73-88
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Chenwen Xu 1993
1984 4 1996 1998
100
Global Witness KIA/O
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800,000 1,000,000 m3
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• 2004 2005 SPDC 4.2781
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•
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7.4.1 CITES
CITES
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Forest Trends publications: F. Kahrl & S. Yufang, Forest Trends: "Navigating The Border: An Analysis of the China-Myanmar Timber Trade" 2004 "An Overview of the Market Chain for China's Timber Product Imports from Myanmar" 2005
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9.1.3 41 9.1.4 42 40
Laiza Sagaing
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Chipwe Pangwah 2004
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Bhamo Lashio
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Npaba KIA/O
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2004
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CPB CPB KIA/O
CPB KIO 1968KIA CPB
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CPB 101 1989 12 CPB 101
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SLORC/SPDC 1989
SLORC/SPDC65%
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SLORC/SPDC
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River 1059
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SPDC
SPDC KIO
KIO SPDC
SPDC KIO268
x Nakatha Maung Aye 2005 1 11 Khin Nyunt Nasaka Nakatha 5
" 1. 2. 3. 1. 2. 3.
-
GLOBAL WITNESS / 10
53
10.3
1994 KIO BrangSeng KIA/O KIA/O NDA(K) KDA
4 KIO SPDC Lasang Aung Wa
Lawa Zawng Hkawng NDA(K) Zahkung Ting Ying
NDA(K)
2004 1 7 Pajau KIA/O
KIO Lasang Aung WaNBan La KIA
LasangAung Wa 100 KIA Pangwah NDA(K) 191KIO Hpauyam Tsam Yan
Laisin Bum KIO 192, 193
KIA/O SPDC
194
N' Mai Hku 195 Global Witness
NBan La KIO KIO
196 N'Ban La LauLu 10.4.4.1 61-62
2004 1 26 Lazing Bawk
KIO KIO
197
2004 9 Lamung Tujai KIO Lasang Aung Wa NDA(K) 192
Pangwah NDA(K) Myitkyina (KNCA) y
KIO 198, 199, 200
2004 12 10 Ting Ying NDA(K)
KIA/O KIO KIO
Ting Ying 201, 202
NDA(K)/KIA/O 202
2005 3 KIO Gunhtang GamShawng NBan La KIA
Lasang Aung Wa Ting YingKIO 191 Ting Ying
Lasang Aungwa 3 Myitkyina (KSC)
KIO (KNCA) Tatmadaw24
KSC Lasang Aung Wa NDA(K)
SPDC
NDA(K) Zakhung Ting Ying 2004 10 1
y KNCA KIO NDA(K) KDA
-
GLOBAL WITNESS / 10
54
(Democratic KarenBuddhist Army) (KNU)
KIO 2004 2005
13 .
thanatkha
SPDC
CITES SPDC
SPDC
9
2004 5 SPDC
2004 6 9 13
SPDC
Myitkyina 2004 KIO Tu Jai KNCA Sumlut Naw NDA(K) Zakhung Ting YingKIA Nban La Lasang Aung Wa
-
GLOBAL WITNESS / 10
10.4
240
2004
KIA/O 203
KIO SPDC SPDC 268
SPDC SLORC 80
SPDC SPDC SPDC
SPDC --
-- KIA/O SPDC 204
205
2002 6 KIO
KIO
KIO/A
KIA Tatmadaw
55
Pangwah NDA(K) 2004
-
GLOBAL WITNESS / 10
56
10.4.1
KIO SPDC 268
KIA Nban La
Shwegu Mohnyin Bhamo Momaung Sinbo SPDC Kaukwe River
207 Paulang StateLiberation Party/Army
Muse SPDC KIO
207
Tatmadaw
SPDC KIO
KIO SPDC SPDC Loije KIO SPDC 208
SPDC NDA(K)
KIO
209 NDA(K) z
"10.4.4.1 "61-62 N'Mai Hku ("10.4.6 N'Mai Hku
66-67210, 211
SPDC 205 KIO
KIO 194 KIA/O NDA(K)
SPDC KIA NDA(K)
Mongko aa, 211
212
India
CHINAYUNNAN
PROVINCE
Mal
i Hka
N’M
ai H
ka
Irra
wad
dy
Salw
een
(Nuj
iang
)
KACHINSTATE
掸邦
SAGAINGDIVISION
Myitkyina
Pajau
Sumprabum
Hpakant Pangwah
ChipweLiuku
Fugong
Gongshan
Bhamo
Namkhan
缅甸
Yingjiang
Tengchong
说明 KIA/O 控制区 NDA(K) 控制区 SPDC 控制区
0
0 50 英里
50 公里
3/5 SPDC
206 KIO NDA(K)
Kambaiti-Hoquiou NDA(K) SPDCLoije-Layin SPDC
Mai Ja Yang-Zhangfeng KIO SPDC
KIO KIO
N'Jangyang N'Mai Hka Mali Hka Hkrang Hka
KIA/O 269
-
GLOBAL WITNESS / 10
57
10.4.2 KIO
211
2004
(Department of General Affairs) KIO
(Economic Department) Hkum Naw KIA NBan La Gau Ri Zau Seng KIO
KIO
MTE (Forest Department) KIO
Hukawng Valley 268
KIO SPDC SPDC
10.4.5 SPDC63-65
SPDC (Office for Administration)Myitkyina
Maung Maung Shwe bb
KIO SPDC
KIO Global Witness
SPDC 2003 11 KIO Laiza
Bhamo Jadeland 50
SPDC KIO 268
KIO KIO
KIO
213
2005 KIO Global WitnessMali
Dabak Myitkyina-Bhamo 268 KIO
207
N'Mai Hku KIO Huaxin 15
( 10.4.6 N Mai Hku66-67)
KIO SPDC
KIO
KIO KIO
KIO
300 217 140, 219
KIO 2005
bb Maung Maung Swe Ohn Myint Ohn Myint
-
GLOBAL WITNESS / 10
58
1 KIO M3 2003 208
Hpun Kya 30 4 250/350/400 30/42/48Layang 80 10 800-900 95-107
8 x 4” 800 95 7500/8500/9000 893/1011/10714 x 1” 660 79 5000/6000/7000 595/714/833
Sabya Don 550 65 4000-4500 476/563Dawn Htung Zee 400 48 3000-3500 537-417
Laiza 2004 KIO Laiza
SPDC 208
140
207
2002 6 1 KIO 222
KIO A Conflict of Interests 99-100
218
219
KIO 220
KIO
221
20,000 2,380 ) 30,000 3,571
-
GLOBAL WITNESS / 10
59
KIO
Mali Dabak
KIO Ara La KIO
Jinxin Dabak Jinxin
Mali Dabak 268
215, 216
10
1997 KIO Mali Creek Dabak River
8 20051 KIO SPDC Electric Power
Cooperation Kachin
Jinxin
SPDC SPDC Dabak
Global WitnessN'Mai Hku 66-
67 KIO 214
SPDC
KIO SPDC
268
Mali 2004 11
Mali 2004 11
-
GLOBAL WITNESS / 10
60
10.4.3 NDA(K)
240
2004
NDA(K) 1994 Pangwah
223
NDA(K) 9.1.2
40 2004 Leshin Bridge
Leshin Bridge NDA(K) Pangwah 163
NDA(K) KIO/A
10 50-69
NDA(K) (Financial Department) 224
NDA(K)
KIO NDA(K) 15
NDA(K)
NDA(K)
NDA(K)
2003 5 11 NDA(K) (NDA(K) Central Council of Peace andNational Unity) (Central Economic Commission)
NDA(K)
225
NDA(K) NDA(K)
NDA(K) 225 Global Witness
NDA(K) 2004 6
KIA/O NDA(K) NDA(K)
226
NDA(K) 227
NDA(K)
228, 229 NDA(K) 229 NDA(K)
A Conflict ofInterests 100-101
2 NDA(K) / 225
> 5-10 595, 000-1,190,000
2-3 + m3 238, 000-
357, 000m3
30% NDA(K),70%
NDA(K) NDA(K) 2004
-
GLOBAL WITNESS / 10
10.4.4 KIO NDA(K)
NDA(K)
N'Mai Hku NDA(K) KIO
Global Witness
10.4.4.1
230
Pan Kachin Development Society 2003
2003 KIO KIO N'Mai Hka Mali Hka
2003 KIONDA(K) SPDC
200,000 207
Jadeland 2004 100,000 m3
45,000 m3 Jadeland 55,000 m3
Jinxin / 231
KIO NDA(K)
NDA(K) SPDC Magramyang Jubilee
Myitkyina Chipwe 52 Jinxin 1200
1,430,000 KIO 207 SPDC
Jinxin
T 3 2004 M3 207
1,600 190150 18
Magramyang 100-200 12-24Guyong 380 45
50 6KIO 560 67NDAK 100 12SPDC 15,000 17
61
-
GLOBAL WITNESS / 10
62
207 Jubilee 30
N'Mai Hka Chipwe Myitkyin 120 Laukhaung
Wun Chun NDA(K) 2004 Wun
Chung Layeng WunAra La
2004-05 9 450 100
Chipwe KIA/O 40
KIA N'Gum La 232
Myitsone N'Mai Hka Mali Hka
Myitsone 3,100 233 30 5,000 8,000
18,000 234
10.4.4.2 NDA(K) KIO
NDA(K) KION'Mai Hka
N'Mai Hku 2004 3 NDA(K)
KIO NDA(K)227 KIA
NDA(K) KIO
235
NDA(K) La Wa Zawng Hkawng
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NDA(K) 236, 237, 238
N'Mai Hku 239
SPDC cc
cc 1993 1 SLORC NLD 1995 SPDC 2004 NLD SPDC
Chipwe 2004 3
-
GLOBAL WITNESS / 10
63
10.4.5 SPDC
240
2004
2004 SPDC
Method 1KIO
SPDC Myitkyina KIO
SPDC
KIO
KIOKIO
SPDC 268
Method 1
MI Tatmadaw 268
Myitkyina SPDC 20,000 22
20,000 22 100,000
111
268
SPDC
205, 241, 242 SPDC
SPDC Tatmadaw
NATALA dd140, 220
Method 1 2005
dd (Ministry of Border Areas)
-
GLOBAL WITNESS / 10
64
2003 Manwin
5506,100 Manwin Myitkyina Waingmaw
140 Manwin
ee
Waingmaw 230
Sinlum Tatmadaw 243
Hkawan Bang Sinlum 437 243
Bhamo MI 243 SPDC Tatmadaw
243
TatmadawSPDC
SPDC KIO SPDC
Tatmadaw
4 2003-2004 KAMBAITI
ff gg 207, 230
Manwin SPDC 40,000 44Manwin 30,000 33Sailaw Tatmadaw 15,000 17Ura Yang NDAK 5000 6Thayar Kone NDAK 15,000 17Kambaiti NDA(K) 100,000 111Kambaiti Tatmadaw 100,000 111
305,000 339
ee
ff
gg
Bala Min Htin Myitkayina Irrawaddy SPDC 2004
-
GLOBAL WITNESS / 10
65
hh
230
140
Tatmadaw
Tatmadaw
TatmadawDabak
SPDC 207
Tatmadaw2003 11 10
6 4
244
NATALA Loije Muse NalonMaunghwe
Khin Nyunt 207 SPDC
2001 2002 SPDC Pang Wa
ii,243
245
238
Myitkyina SPDC Hopin Mohnyin Myitkyina 2004 8
Maung Maung Swe
hh
ii
-
GLOBAL WITNESS / 10
66
10.4.6 The N’Mai Hku246
N'Mai Hku 2004
N'Mai Hku 247
N'Mai Hku N'Mai Hku 16 49 248
KIO KIO N'Mai Hku
NDA(K) 248
20 90 KIO182
KIO 1997 8 6 Khin Nyunt 249
2002 268
Huaxin KIO 15 N'Mai Hku HuaxinGroup Co. Ltd
205 Huaxin
205
N'Mai Hku 2004
INDIA
CHINAYUNNAN PROVINCE
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23
45
Bhamo
缅甸克钦邦
说明 Hkakabo Razi 国家公园 N’Mai Hku 项目
0
0 50 英里
50 公里
1 BP28 (E’ga Path)2 BP30 Yaping Path (2001 年开放)3 BP31 Yaping Path (2001 年开放)4 BP34 (Danzhu Path)5 Gongshan-Dulongjiang road (2000 年开放 )
-
GLOBAL WITNESS / 10
KIO SPDC N'Mai Hku
10 Heng Huat 268, 250KIO
250
E'ga -
2001 229
KIA/O KIA/O NDA(K) Lasang Aung Wa 10.3
53-54N'Mai Hku
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N'Mai HkuKIA/O
NDA(K)
2004 5 34 Myitkyina
KIO NDA(K)
5 25 6 21
N'Mai Hku
KIO
KIO
KIA
KIO
7
NDA(K) KIO
NDA(K) KIA/O NDA(K)
2005 7 KIA/O NDA(K) 251
N'Mai Hku A Conflict of Interests 104-108
67
-
GLOBAL WITNESS / 10
68
10.4.7
Buga Jadeland WunRawtSPDC
Buga 1994 KIA/O La Wa
Zaung Hkawng Myitkyina
SPDC 252 2002 Buga
KIO La Wa Zaung Hkawng LaWa Zaung Hkawng
La Wa Zaung Hkawng NDA(K) KIO
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KIOLa Ja
KIA 253
Wun RawtKIA
2002-03 Buga Wun Rawt KIO
254
Wun Rawt
Sut Masa
Sut Masa KIO
Wun Rawt
Wun Rawt Buga Sut Masa KIO KIA
KIO KIA
KIO NBan La 10.353-54
Wun Rawt KIO KIO
Wun Rawt
LaizaJubilee
N'Mai Hku KIO 2004
KIA Wun Rawt Laizam3
700 83 900 104 m3
100 12
2004 KIA Wun Rawt Laiza Wun
Rawt Wun Chung N'Mai Hka Chipwe
Layeng Wun Lau Ying Aw TawngMai Lau Lu NBan La
Jadeland KIO Yup Zau
-
Hkawng Jadeland 2002-03
(10.4.4.1 The Southern Triangle 61-62
Hpawlamhpya Jadeland N'Mai HkaJubilee m3
380 45 27 28 N'Mai
Hku
Jadeland KIO Myitkyina-Sumprabum-PutaoMyitkyina-Waingmaw-Bhamo KIO
255
Sut Masa Jadeland
Jinxin Jadeland
Jinxin
N'Ban La Jinxin 163
GLOBAL WITNESS / 10
69
Log trucks at KIO camp, Kachin State
7 Jadeland Myitkyina
-
GLOBAL WITNESS / 11
70
11
256
Bao You Xiang 2004
2 Salween
257 BaoYou Xiang / (UWSA/P)
400,000 64, 258 UWSA/P 16,000
20,000
UWSA/P CPB 1989SLORC
259
2004 UWSA/P
100
UWSA/P Pangsan
Global WitnessMuse 98
UWSA/P UWSP
100 1000
257 UWSA 261
261
Kenglom Kunhing-Takaw
Salween
Asia World6.4
18-19 UWSA 418 Ta Hsarm
265
Muse 205
SPDC Global Witness Pangsan
Meng'a Mengliang260
UWSP 261
UWSP Global Witness
261
261
261
UWSP
SPDC 2005 6 SPDC
Min Aung, Hlaing
Central DragonAsia World UWSA/P Hongpang 262
Chiang Mai Mongton/Monghsat/Mongpiang
262
-
Nawngkheo Mong-ngenMongkhark Mongnoong Pangsan
120 Kentung Pangsan
" 262
2004 SPDC 257
263UWSA/P SPDC
2004 10 Khin Nyunt 315 264, 265
UWSA
(ATS) 64UWSP
7 ATS 64
UWSP 2005 6 26257 2004
(UNODC) 18 64
2003 1
64
2005 1 Wei Hsueh-kang UWSA
1985 Wei
UWSA UWSA
266, 267
GLOBAL WITNESS / 11
71
UWSA Pangsan UWSA 2004
-
GLOBAL WITNESS / 12
72
12
jj
SPC
KIA/O
268
2005 9 5
269
SPDC
SPDC
jj (SPDC) (NLD)
-
13
......"270
Chao-Tzang Yanwnghwe 2001 12
1,463 271
5000 100 65%
272
100
1947 2 Panglong
273
274 1947 AFPFL
kk
275
276
275
1948 1 1952
20 50
20 60
/ 13 I
2004
73
-
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74
(Tatmadaw)
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ll 30 10
20 1968 20
20 80
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Tatmadaw 40 50 USDA Than Shwe 1200 SPDC
1988 7 Ne Win
1988 9Ne Win
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275
SLORC
1989 SLORC
NLD1990 5
Aung SanSuu Kyi 1989 7
1995 SLORC
1992 4
12
(NCGUB)
1993 1 SLORC
1995 275 1997 SLORC (SPDC) (ASEAN)
2000 Aung San Suu Kyi 2002 5 Aung
San Suu Kyi Depayin (USDA)mm
Aung San Suu Kyi 1200
277 nn
Aung San Suu Kyi
-
/ 13 I
75
Khin Nyunt
Than Shwe Maung Aye Khin Nyunt Than Shwe
282
Khin Nyunt Than Shwe
Than Shwe
Maung Aye ThanShwe 283
284
Maung Aye 285278
278
11
278
David I Steinberg 2001
SPDC
Tatmadaw
Union of MyanmarEconomic Holdings Limited (UMEHL) Tatmadaw 279
Tatmadaw 400,000 280
72,000 4,500 281
100 1
286
-
/ 13 I
76
13.1
286
SPDC Complete explanation on the developments in the country
2004 10 24
2005
SPDC SPDC
2003 8
954
SPDC
U Win AungTin Hlaing Khin Nyunt
Khin Nyunt SPDC
Aung San Suu Kyi
13.1.1
287 2004 6
2003 8 30 Khin Nyunt SPDC
1996 288 1990
NDA(K) Chipwe 2004
-
2003 12 15
10
SPDC
2004 4
2004 4 16
SPDC 1996 2004 5 17
1088 1076 28
5 14
289 Paulo SergioPinheiro
290 SPDC
104 1993
1996
291 " "7 9
2005 2 13 oo
6 6
3 5 SPDC Thein Sein
292, 293
2005 2 17 2004
/ 13 I
77
KIO
-
/ 13 I
78
3 31 2005 11
294
SPDC Khin Nyunt
1996 SSNA
SSA(S)191
295
SPDC 2003 11
San Pwint Mae Sot
SPDC
SPDC 55 296
2004 1 5 Khin Nyunt
Bo Mya SPDC
297
SPDC 10
16 SPDC 298
2005 3 Mutu SPDC
50 56 299
13.1.2
2003 7 28 H.R 2330
SPDC SPDC
2003 8 28 20042005 5
2 2003 10 2005
15 138
2004 4 26 27 12
2004
2004 10
300
2005 4 25 301
2004 ASEM
3 2004 10
10
2006 2005 7 26
302
200410 24 Than Shwe
6 Than Shwe 8
Khin Nyunt 25
303
-
14 II
304
The New Light of Myanmar 2003 5
Indo-Burma
8.2 30-31
7,000 1,071 1,347 96
841 305
(AAC)
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1970 15% 306
2001-2002 2002-2003 2003-2004
6
2003-2004 150m3 RWE
2,428,000 m3 RWE 60%
2005 1
5 MTE DZGD qq
rr ss
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79
qq DZGD rr MTE DZGD ss
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Tectona grandis308 60%
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310
311
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40 323,000 15 18 2,800
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312
313
314
315
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80
0
2
4
6
8
10
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1995-96 1996-97 1997-98 1998-99 1999-00 2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04
年份
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最低非法出口量
ITTO 公布的生产量 官方公布的生产量
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6 M RWE pp, 307
1. SLORC/SDPC 2.
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-
14.1
316
David I Steinberg 2000 3
● 2003-04 SPDC 15%
3.77
● 2004-05 SPDC
15% 4.2781 317
● A Conflict of Interests20%
220 m3 RWE
●
● 2003 130 m3
60%Global Witness
●
7 19-28
/
400,000 318 Tatmadaw
319
2003 12 Than Shwe
2004 3 31
286
SPDC 'Complete explanation onthe developments in the countryKhin Nyunt 2004
9 30 Than Shwe
Global Witness Khin Nyunt
2 Khin Nyunt 13 286
/ 14 II
12
SPDC
----
2004-05 SPDC 4.3
15%
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Than Shwe Pyin Oo Lwin Kandawgyi 2004
81
-
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82
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
1995-96 1996-97 1997-98 1998-99 1999-00 2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04
年份
其它木材产品
薄板和胶合板
原木和锯切木
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0 亿缅元, 名义值) )
8 wwMCSO /EIU
tt Global Witness (MCSO) (EIU)
uu
vv
MCSO " " " " " "" " EIU MCSO 1992-93
1997-98 " "ww 1998-99 2003-04
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10%
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25%
1995-96 1996-97 1997-98 1998-99 1999-00 2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04
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百分比
7 tt, uu, vv, 323, 324, 327
-
/ 14 II
83
Union of Myanmar Economic HoldingsLimited (UMEHL) Myanmar EconomicCorporation (MEC)
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SPDC
320
A Conflict of Interests28
2004 11 SPDC 321
1998 189,000
1.03% 327
4700 1% 322
2001 2.8 11%309 2003 2004
15% 324 3.77 7 320
Laiza 2004
Pangwah NDA(K)
2005 6 2004-053
2.5 325
2004-05 4.2781 15%
326
85%12% 3% 327
8
-
/ 14 II
84
xx
yy 10,000 m3 RWEzz 1 2003
8 2 aaa
200320022001200019991998199719961995
1.4
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9 xx, yy, 328
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140
160
180
120
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1995-96 1996-97 1997-98 1998-99 1999-00 2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04
官方出口 最低非法出口量:
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13 SLORC/SPDC M3 RWE ddd, xxx
1.2. SLORC/SDPC 3.
ddd USDA MCSO MCSO
14.4
330
SPDC Complete explanation on the developments in the country
2004 10 24
Global Witness
331
-
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2003-2004 220 m3 RWE
2.5 2003-04 130 m3 RWE
3 ggg
2000-01 50 m3
RWE 14
2003 130 m3 RWE
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7.3 - 21-23
/ 14 II
88
MCSO MTE
2003 4.7 1 1.4 m3 1 1.8m3
出口 进口
年份
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
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1.0
0.8
1.8
1.6
1.4
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1995- 1996- 1997- 1998- 1999- 2000- 2001- 2002- 2003- 96 97 98 99 00 01 02 03 04
圆木等量体积(百万立方米)
中国
印度
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马来西亚
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14M3 RWE hhh
-
15 III (FLEG)
FLEG 2001 9 20 150
(NGO)
FLEG
2001 9 11 13
----
----
----
/ 15 III (FLEG)
89
-
2003
ASEAN APEC ASEAN APEC
(WSSD)
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2001 9 11 13
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92
1998 5 G8 332
100 150
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2005 3 17 18 G8 G8
G8 G8
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G8 G8
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COM (2003) 251 Final 2003 5 21
-
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Poul Nielson 2004 7 20
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1.
G8 2/3 334
G8
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/ 16 IV 2005 G8
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G8
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Global Witness
Global Witness Global Witness
17 GLOBAL WITNESS http://www.globalwitness.org
“A Guide to Independent Forest Monitoring”2005 7
“Paying for Protection. The Freeport mine and the Indonesian security forces.”2005 7
“Under-Mining Peace: Tin – the Explosive Trade in Cassiterite in Eastern DRC.”2005 6
“Timber, Taylor, Soldier, Spy. How Liberia’s uncontrolled resourceexploitation, Charles Taylor’s manipulation and the re-recruitment of ex-combatants are threatening regional peace.”2005 6
“A Time for Justice. Why the International Community, UN Security Counciland Nigeria should help facilitate Charles Taylor’s immediate extradition tothe Special Court of Sierra Leone.”2005 6
“Forest Law Enforcement in Cameroon. 3rd Summary Report of theIndependent Observer. July 2003–February 2005”2005 4
“Making it add up. A Constructive Critique of the EITI Reporting Guidelinesand Source Book”2005 1
“Dangerous Liaisons. The continued relationship between Liberia’s naturalresource industries, arms trafficking and regional insecurity”2004 12
“Taking a Cut. Institutionalised Corruption and Illegal Logging in Cambodia’sAural Wildlife Sanctuary”2004 11
“The Key to Kimberley: Internal Diamond Controls, Seven Case Studies”2004 10 Partnership Africa Canada
“Rich Man Poor Man Development Diamonds and Poverty Diamonds. Thepotential for change in the artisanal alluvial diamond fields of Africa”2004 10 Partnership Africa Canada
“Déjà vu Diamond Industry Still Failing to Deliver on Promises”2004 10
“Rush and Ruin. The Devastating Mineral Trade in Southern Katanga, DRC”2004 9
“Resource - Curse or Cure? Reforming Liberia’s government and loggingindustry”2004 9
“Same Old Story – A background study on natural resources in theDemocratic Republic of Congo”2004 6
“Liberia – Back To The Future What is the future of Liberia’s forests and itseffects on regional peace?”2004 5
“Broken Vows Exposing the “Loupe” Holes in the Diamond Industry’s Effortsto Prevent the Trade in Conflict Diamonds”2004 3
“Time for Transparency Coming clean on oil, mining and gas revenues”2004 3
“For a Few Dollars More – How al Qaeda Moved into the Diamond Trade”2003 4
“The Usual Suspects – Liberia’s Weapons and Mercenaries in Côte d’Ivoireand Sierra Leone – Why it’s Still Possible, How it Works and How to Break theTrend”2003 3
“Logging Off – How the Liberian Timber Industry Fuels Liberia’sHumanitarian Disaster and Threatens Sierra Leone”2002 9
“Deforestation without limits – How the Cambodian Government Failed toTackle the Untouchables”2002 7
“All the Presidents’ Men – The Devastating Story of Oil and Banking inAngola’s Privatised War”2002 3
“Branching Out – Zimbabwe’s Resource Colonialism in Democratic Republicof Congo”2002 1
“Can Controls Work? – A Review of the Angolan Diamond Control System”2001 12
“Taylor-made – The Pivotal Role of Liberia’s Forests and Flag of Conveniencein Regional Conflict”2001 9
“The Credibility Gap – and the Need to Bridge It – Increasing the pace offorestry reform”2001 5
“Review of the Sierra Leone Diamond Certification System and Proposalsand Recommendations for the Kimberley Process for a Fully IntegratedCertification System (FICS)”2001 4
“Conflict Diamonds – Possibilities for the Identification, Certification andControl of Diamonds”2000 6
“Chainsaws Speak Louder Than Words”2000 5
“Timber Takeaway – Japanese Over-consumption – the Forgotten Campaign”2000 3
“The Untouchables – Forest Crimes and the Concessionaires – Can CambodiaAfford to Keep Them?”1999 12
“A Crude Awakening – The Role of the Oil and Banking Industries in Angola’sCivil War and the Plundering of State Assets”1999 12
“Made in Vietnam – Cut in Cambodia How the Garden Furniture Trade isDestroying Rainforests”1999 4
“Crackdown or Pause – A Chance for Forestry Reform in Cambodia?”1999 1
“A Rough Trade – The Role of Companies and Governments in the AngolanConflict”1998 12
“Going Places – Cambodia’s Future on the Move”1998 3
“Just Deserts for Cambodia – Deforestation & the Co-Prime Ministers’Legacy to the Country”1997 6
“A Tug of War – the Struggle to Protect Cambodia’s Forests”1997 3
“Cambodia, Where Money Grows on Trees – Continuing Abuses ofCambodia’s Forest Policy”1996 10
“RGC Forest Policy & Practice – the Case for Positive Conditionality”1996 5
“Corruption, War & Forest Policy – the Unsustainable Exploitation ofCambodia’s Forests”1996 1
“Thai-Khmer Rouge Links & the Illegal Trade in Cambodia’s Timber”1995 7
“Forests, Famine & War – the Key to Cambodia’s Future”1995 5
17 GLOBAL WITNESS
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54 "UN agency starts new feedingcampaign to address HIV/AIDS inMyanmar" 2004 3 19 http://www.blia.org/english/UNNGO/news2004/20040319b.htm55 The national AIDS Programme,"Myitkeena township HIV sero-prevalencetrend (1992-2002)" 2004 56 Shan Herald Agency for News, "AIDS inShan State a Crisis" 2004 11 15 57 Bulletin of Experimental Treatments forAIDS, "The Global Epidemic: HIV/AIDS inAsia and the Pacific" 2002 /www.sfaf.org/treatment/beta/b51/b51_asia.html+kachin+aids+hiv&hl=en58 /
HIV "Population Movement and HIV/AIDS - thecase of Ruili, Yunnan, China." 2003 59
2004 4 8 60 Council of Foreign Relations, Garrett, L.,"HIV and National Security : Where are theLinks?" 2005 7 18 http://www.cfr.org/pdf/HIV_National_Security.pdf61 Kachin Women's Association Thailand,"Driven Away: Trafficking of Kachin womenon the China-Burma border" 2005
http://www.ibiblio.org/obl/docs/gold%20pdf1.pdf62 The Flower News weekly2005 2 2-8 63 Wa Alternative Development ProjectUNDCP 64 The Economist, "One last harvest-A banon opium will leave millions of farmerswithout livelihoods"2005 2 10 http://www.economist.com/PrinterFriendly.cfm?Story_ID=365284265
2004 5 20 66
1999 67
1999 4 6-9 68
1999 4 6-9 69 Lintner B., "Drugs and economic growthin Burma today". In: Pedersen M. et al.(eds.) "Burma-Myanmar: strong regime,weak state?" Hurst & Co., London 2000 70 Davis A. and Hawke B. "Business isblooming. Is Myanmar Asia's first narco-state? Compelling evidence points to thatdubious distinction", Asiaweek;1997 1 23 71 Global Witness KIO
2004 72 500
2004 6 22 73 http://english.people.com.cn/english/200006/06/eng20000606_42385.html 74 Agence France Presse, "China saysdeforestation still a major environmentalproblem" 2005 1 8 http://www.terradaily.com/2005/050118102656.tgm9j244.html75 Washington Post, "China's globalizingeconomy ravages Burma's forests" 2001
3 26 76 CIA World Factbook2005 3 www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/77 GLOBAL TIMBER. ORG. UK.www.globaltimber.org.uk/china.htm 78 GLOBAL TIMBER. ORG. UK.www.globaltimber.org.uk/ChinaIllegalImpExp.htm79 The Jakarta Post, "RI, China fail to agreeon fighting illegal logging"2005 4 26
80 "The timberfootprint of the G8 and China - Making thecase for green procurement bygovernment" 2002 6 81
Detroit Free Press China'stimber use ravages forests2005 3 7 http://www.freep.com/money/business/timber7e_20050307.htm82 Global Witness
2005 3 83 2001 9 13 84"Minister Bernard Bot presents outcome ofdiscussions on Burma"2004 9 3 http://www.eu2004.nl/default.asp?CMS_ITEM=7E3E7F0BB7F84C04A8A3EF476A176DA1X1X73538X5285 "CouncilCommon Position 2004/730/CFSP ofOctober 2004"http://europa.eu.int/eur-ex/pri/en/oj/dat/2004/l_323/l_32320041026en00170022.pdf86 The Voice weekly Journal2005 1 17 87 World Trade Atlas
88 2004 10 25
89 Global Witness 2005 5
90 CITES, Annotation of the Himalayan YewTaxus wallichiana in Appendix II, Ref. CoP13 Prop. 47 2004 10 91 "Cancer-fighting tree getsprotection" 2004 10 12 ,http://www.enn.com/today.html?id=11892 Global Witness
2004 93 CITES 2004 6 3 94 Global Witness
(2) 2004 95 29 2003
http://en.beijing-2008.org/98/15/article211621598.shtml96 Global Witness KIO
2004 3 97 World Trade Atlas98
2004 12 29 99 Project Maje, "Ashes and tears:interviews with refugees from Burma onGuam" 2001 www.projectmaje.org/txt/guam_rep.txt100 Global Witness
2004 101
2001 7 26 102 1999
www.worldbank.org.cn/Chinese/content/247n1214549.shtml1031998 8 17 104 Heimo C. R., "Removing natural forestfrom timber production: a new challenge forthe development of forest industries inChina"
2000 5 15-17 105 Êg
1999 8 18 106
1999 8 17 107
2004 7 23 108
2005 5 25 109http://www.adb.org/Documents/Event/2005/GMS-Environment-Ministers-Meeting/default.asp110
2005 7 5
18
1http://www.forest-treasure.com/measure/; 20042 Than Shwe
4/93 1993 10 1
3 Howell, K. K., "Stroll through a Chinesepainting", California Academy of Sciences
www.calacademy.org/calwild/winter2001/china2.html4 Xu Chenwen, "The choice beyond cross-border trade"
1993 5http://english.people.com.cn/200403/22/eng20040322_138147.shtml 6
2005 5 24 http://english.people.com.cn/200505/24/eng20050524_186590.html7 http://www.fmprc.gov.cn/eng/wjb/zzjg/yzs/gjlb/2747/default.htm 8
2004 10 2 9 New Light Myanmar, "Myanmar andChina ink US$290 million deal in trade andMoU" 2005 7 8 10 Asian Tribunehttp://www.asiantribune.com/show_news.php?id=6202 11 Agence France Presse, "Myanmar's newhard line PM to make first foreign trip toChina" 2004 10 30 12 Houston Chronicle e-Edition, "Chinashows its clout at regional trade summit"2004 11 29 13
2005 4 29 14
2005 5 24 http://english.people.com.cn/200505/24/eng20050524_186590.html15 7 Day News Journal2005 6 9 16 The Kachin Post, "Yunnan OfficialsVisited Myitkyina" 2004 4 14 17
2005 5 24 18 2005 2 16 19 "Burma/Myanmar:How strong is the military regime?" 2000 20 The Nation, "Drama in Rangoon: KhinNyunt ousted" 2004 10 20 21 The Irrawaddy, 'Coup Attempt MightHave Prompted Purge' 2004 11
http://www.irrawaddy.org/aviewer.asp?a=4110&z=2422 Agence France Presse, "Myanmar'shardliner crackdown also a cash grab:analysts and opposition"2004 10 22 http://story.news.yahoo.com/news?tmpl=story&cid=1530&ncid=731&e=5&u=/afp/20041022/wl_asia_afp/myanmar_corruption23 CNN, "Myanmar scraps ex-PM's spyagency"; 22 October 200424 Agence France Presse, as reported by theDemocratic Voice of Burma, "The trials ofBurmese MI agents begin in Rangoon";January 2005, from:http://english.dvb.no/news.php?id=395225 Agence France Presse, "Two Myanmarministers 'permitted to retire'"2005 11 5 26 Shanland News, "Khin Nyunt still towersin Panghsang"www.shanland.org/Political/News_2005/Khin_Nyunt_still_towers_in_Panghsang.htm27 The Irrawaddy, "New PM already on theMove" 10 21 http://www.irrawaddy.org/aviewer.asp?a=4079&z=24
28 Democratic Voice of Burma, "Ethniccease-fire groups warned to sever links withBurma MIS" 2004 10 27 http://english.dvb.no/news.php?id=332329 Agence France Presse, "Myanmar juntatells diplomats no policy shift withleadership change" 2004 10 22
Burma Issues Weekly No. 203
http://www.burmaissues.org/En/BIWeekly/BIWeekly2004-10-28-203.php#intelligence30
2004 11 1 31 Associated Press, "Junta Dismisses CoupRumors But Hints at Cabinet Shuffle"2005 1 29 32 Democratic Voice of Burma, "SPDC GenMaung Aye saying farewell?" 2005 2
27 http://english.dvb.no/news.php?id=414033 The Irrawaddy, "Long Prison Terms forKhin Nyunt's Associates"2005 5 http://www.irrawaddy.org/aviewer.asp?a=4576&z=934 Agence France Presse, "Trial opensinside Myanmar prison for ex-premier Khin Nyunt"; 12 July 2005, from:http://206.190.35.122/s/afp/20050712/wl_asia_afp/myanmarpoliticsjustice/nc:73135 Agence France Presse, "Trial opensinside Myanmar prison for ex-premier KhinNyunt" 2005 7 12 http://atimes.com/atimes/Southeast_Asia/GG12Ae01.html36 Agence France Presse, "FormerMyanmar PM gets 44-year suspendedsentence" 2005 7 22 http://206.190.35.122/s/afp/20050722/wl_afp/myanmarpoliticsjustice/nc:73137 2004 7 12 http://www.fmprc.gov.cn/eng/wjb/zzjg/yzs/gjlb/2747/2749/t143049.htm38 http://www.fmprc.gov.cn/eng/wjb/zzjg/yzs/gjlb/2747/default.htm39
2004 6 28 40 The New York Times, "Across Asia,Beijing's star is in ascendance" 2004 8 28 41
2004 7 12 42 The Irrawaddy, "China Too"2005 2 http://www.irrawaddy.org/aviewer.asp?a=4239&z=1243 The Road Map of Myanmar2003 8 30 44 Global Witness
(1) 2004 45 Fink C., "Living silence: Burma undermilitary rule", Zed Books, London 2001 46 Global Witness
2005 47 "Myanmar: themilitary regime's view of the world", AsiaReport No.28 2001 www.intl-crisis-group.org/projects/asia/burma_myanmar/reports/A400505_07122001-1.pdf48 Far Eastern Economic Review, "Chinaholds the Indochina key" 2002 6 6 49 Pedersen et al. (eds.), "Burma-Myanmar:strong regime, weak state?", Hurst & Co,London 2000 50 Asia Pacific Media Serviceshttp://www.asiapacificms.com/articles/myanmar_influence/51 Global Witness
2001 52 "HIV/AIDS as asecurity issue", Issues Report2001 6 19 53 Agence France Presse, "Myanmar HIVpatients turn to meditation, herbs"2005 5 7
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111 2005 5 27
http://www.adb.org/projects/gms-biodiversity/112 New Scientist, "Forests Plundered"2003 10 25 113 Conservation International,"Biodiversity hotspots" 2004 http://www.biodiversityhotspots.org/xp/Hotspots114 WWF, "Northern Triangle temperateforests" 2001http://www.worldwildlife.org/wildworld/profiles/terrestrial/im/im0402_full.html115 WWF and IUCN (Lwin)1995 http://www.worldwildlife.org/wildworld/profiles/terrestrial/im/im0402_full.html116 WWF and IUCN (Blower) 1995 http://www.worldwildlife.org/wildworld/profiles/terrestrial/im/im0402_full.html117 " NorthernForest Complex Project in Myanmarhttp://savingwildplaces.com/swp-home/swp-protectedareas/239687118 Stuteville G., "Saving Tigers", NationalGeographichttp://magma.nationalgeographic.com/ngm/0404/feature5/online_extra.html119 Irrawaddy, "The greening of adictatorship" 2004 11 12 120 Global Witness
2004 9121 Pan Kachin Development Society
2002-04 122
2004 3 19123 The New Light of Myanmar [on lineedition], "Secretary-2 Lt-Gen Thein Seinattends cash and kind donation ceremonyfor flood-hit townships in Kachin State Stateplaces emphasis on maintenance,preservation of forests to ensure balancedclimate" 2004 7 26 124 The Myanmar Times, "Havoc as riverlevels hit 30 year highs"2004 8 23-29 125 The Myanmar Times, "AyeyarwaddyRiver waters reach highest record levels" 2004 8 2-8 126 Global Witness
2005 3 127 The Democratic Voice of Burma,"Kachin youth arrested in upper Burma forreporting floods" 2004 7 31
http://english.dvb.no/news.php?id=2817128 Global Witness 2004 129 Associated Press, "Myanmargovernment warns citizens as major riverscontinue to rise" 2004 7 30 130 Democratic Voice of Burma, "Kachinyouth arrested in upper Burma for reportingfloods" 2004 7 31 http://english.dvb.no/news.php?id=2817131 Global Witness
2004 132 WFP Emergency Report No.32 of2004http://www.sahims.net/doclibrary/Sahims_Documents/WFP%20Emergency%20Report%20No.%2032%20of%202004_2.pdf 133 Global Witness
INGO 2005 134 Global Witness 2004 11 135 Global Witness 136 2004 6 13 http://www.fmprc.gov.cn/eng/wjb/zzjg/yzs/gjlb/2747/2749/t143132.htm137 Pan Kachin Development Society
2003 138 The New York Times, "Across Asia,Beijing's star is in ascendance"2004 8 28 139 2005 http://www.gulintimber.com/gsjj1.htm 140 Pan Kachin Development Society
2003
141 Karhl F., Weyerhauser H., Yufang Su,Forest Trends, "An Overview of the MarketChain for China's Timber Product Importsfrom Myanmar" 2005 3 21 142 Centre for Biodiversity and IndigenousKnowledge (CBIK), "Nujiang" 2004 10 26 http://www.cbik.org/cbik-en/cbik/where_work/nujiang.htm143 Kahrl, F. et al. "Navigating the border:An analysis of the China-Myanmar Timbertrade", Forest Trends, Washington D.C.2004 144 Global Witness
2001 145 2002 12 16 english.tobaccochina.com/news.asp?id=3788146 Global Witness 2004 147 Global Witness
2004 148 Global Witness
2004149 Global Witness
2004 150 Global Witness 2004 11 151 Global Witness 2004 152 Global Witness
KIO 153 Global Witness
2004 154 Global Witness
2004 155 Global Witness KIO
2004156 Global Witness
2004 157 Global Witness
2004 158 Global Witness
2004 159 Global Witness
2004 160 2005 http://www.wood168.net/selldetail.asp?this=12984161http://www.tstion.com/eindex.htm#162 Global Witness
(1) 2004 163 Global Witness 2004 11 164 Global Witness
(2) 2004 165 Global Witness
2004 166 Global Witness
2004167 Global Witness
(1) 2004 168 Global Witness
2004 169 Global Witness
(2) 2004 170 Global Witness
2004 171 Newsweek, "A Reckless Harvest" 2003 1 172
2005 1 20 173 Global Witness
2004 174 Global Witness
2004 175 Global Witness NongDao 2005 6 176 Irrawaddy, "Chinese Military TrucksArrive" 2005 5 26 http://www.irrawaddy.org/aviewer.asp?a=4666&z=153177 Global Witness
2004 178 Global Witness
2004 179 Global Witness Car Zan
2004
180 Global Witness Car Zan2004
181 Moncreif J. and Htun Myat, "The waron Kachin forests", Irrawaddy Magazine, 9(8) 2001 182 Global Witness
2001/2002 183 Rabinowitz A., "Beyond the lastvillage", Aurum Press, London 2002 184 Irrawaddy, "Kachin cease-fire: killingthe KIO softly", KIO 10(2) 2002 2 3 185 Global Witness
2003 7 186 Matthews B., "Ethnic and religiousdiversity: Myanmar's unfolding nemesis",Visiting Researchers Series No. 3, Instituteof Southeast Asian Studies 2001 187 Global Witness
2004 188 Ashley South, "Political Transition inMyanmar: A New Model forDemocratisation", Contemporary SoutheastAsia, ISEAS, National Uni. Singapore,Vol. 26,No. 2 2004 8 189 Curtis w. Lambrecht, "Destruction andviolation: Burma's border developmentpolicies", Watershed 1999 11 190 Shanland News, "Rangoon sharesborder tax with ceasefire groups" 2005
2 3 www.shanland.org/General/2005/Rangoon_shares_border_tax_with_ceasefire_groups.htm191 Global Witness
2005 7 192 Mizzima News, "KIO factions likely toreunite" 2004 9 29 193 Global Witness KIO
2004 11 194 Global Witness
2004 195 Global Witness 2004 196 Global Witness
2004 197 The Irrawaddy, "Business interests maybe behind KIA assassination"2004 3 5 198 Kachin Post, Weekly Digest - 25September 2004 11 http://www.kachinpost.com/digest.html; 199 Global Witness
2004 10 200
2004 9 201 The Irrawaddy, "KIO Accused of BombAttack on NDA-K Leader" 2004 12 24 202 2005 7 203 KIO-SPDC 1994 204 Global Witness
2002 205 Global Witness
2001 206 Dean K., "Tackling the territorial trap:Kachin divided by the Sino-Burmeseboundary", PhD Thesis, National Universityof Singapore 2003 207 Global Witness KIO
2004 208 Global Witness KIO
2003 209 Mizzima News, "KIA Arrests Five SPDCSoldiers" 2004 5 13 http://www.mizzima.com/archives/news-in-2004/news-in-may/13-may04-12.htm210 Global Witness 2001 211 Global Witness
(3) 2004 212 Global Witness
2004 213 Global Witness KIO
2005 214 Global Witness
Myitkyina 2002 215 Global Witness
2002
216 Global Witness KIO2001
217 Global Witness2003
218 Global Witness Yunseng
2004 219 Global Witness
2004 220 Pan Kachin Development Society
2002 221 Global Witness
2002 222 KIO
2002 7 1 223 Smith M., "Paradise Lost? Thesuppression of environmental rights andfreedom of expression in Burma",Article 19,London 1994 224 Pan Kachin Development Society
2002 225 Global Witness
2004 226 Global Witness
2004 4 227 Global Witness
2004 4 228 Global Witness
2001 229 Global Witness 2001 230 Pan Kachin Development SocietyPangwah 2003 231 Global Witness Jadeland
2004 232 Global Witness 2004 233 SPDC 2004 4 www.myanmarembassyparis.com/NB1/Energy%20in%202004/APRILnews%20energy.html234 Rivers Watch East and Southeast Asia,
http://www.rwesa.org/burma_dam_yakimoto.html235 Global Witness
2004 236 Global Witness
2005 237 2003
2004 238 Global Witness KIO
2004 239 Global Witness
2004 240 Global Witness
2004 241 Global Witness
2002 8 242 Global Witness
2001-2002 243 Pan Kachin Development Society
2003 244 Pan Kachin Development Society
2003 245 Global Witness
2004 246 Khawng Langphu Township N'Mai HkuRegion Joint Commission's Report2004 6 247 California Academy of Sciences, "BioticSurvey of the Gaoligong Shan"http//www.research.calacademy.org/yunnan248 Global Witness KIO
2002 249 NDA(K)-KCA-KIO "Khawng Langphu Township N'Mai HkuRegion Joint Commission's Report"2004 6 19 250 Global Witness KIO
2001 251 2005 8 252 Global Witness 2001 253 Global Witness
2004 254 Global Witness
2005 7
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255 Global Witness KIO 2005
256 Earth Island Institute, "China sends outfor Burmese logs"2004 9 22 257 Global Witness
2004 258 Irrawaddy, "UWSA Claims WantedDrugs Suspects are Innocent"2005 1 28 http://www.irrawaddy.org/aviewer.asp?a=4340&z=153259 Global Witness
2004 260 Global Witness
2000 261 Global Witness 2001 262 S.H.A.N News, "New Commanderwants new deal" 2005 7 4 263 Global Witness
2 2004 264 Shanland News, "Wa lauded bypopulace" 2005 http://www.shanland.org/Political/News_2005/Wa_lauded_by_populace.htm265 Shan Herald Agency for News, "Wafreighters ply the Salween"2005 1 31 266 Global Witness
2005 1 267 Global Witness
2005 1 268 KIO 2005 1 269 2005 9 5 270 Chao-Tzang Yawnghwe, "Burma andnational reconciliation: ethnic conflict andstate-society dysfunction", Legal Issues onBurma Journal No.10 2001 271 CIA World Factbook 2002 272 Matthews B., "Ethnic and religiousdiversity: Myanmar's unfolding nemesis",Visiting Researchers Series No.3, Institute ofSoutheast Asian Studies 2001 273 Panglong 5 www.ibiblio.org/obl/docs/panglong_agreement.htm274 Panglong 7 www.ibiblio.org/obl/docs/panglong_agreement.htm275 Smith M., "Burma (Myanmar): The timefor change", Minority Rights GroupInternational 2002 276 Smith M., "Ethnic groups in Burma",Anti-Slavery International, London 1994 277 "Partial Listof Political Prisoners in Burma" 2005 8 8 http://www.aappb.net/278 Steinberg D. I., "Burma: the State ofMyanmar", Georgetown University Press2001 279 Irrawaddy, " Tatmadaw: the enemywithin", 8 (3) 2000 3 280 "Myanmar: thefuture of the armed forces" 2002 281 Callahan M., "Junta dreams ornightmares? Observations of Burma'smilitary since 1988", Bulletin of ConcernedAsian Scholars 31: 3 1999 282 Callahan M., "Cracks in the edifice:military-society relations in Burma since1988". In: Morten Peterson and EmilyRudland (eds.) Burma: Strong Regime/WeakState, Crawford House, Adelaide 2000 283 Asiaweek, "Who rules on the ground?The power of Myanmar's areacommanders" 1999 9 3 284 Rajah A., "Burma: Protracted conflict,governance and non-traditional securityissues", Institute of Defence and StrategicStudies, Working Paper 14, Singapore2001 285 Steinberg D. I., "Strategic rivalries:notes on the conference", presented at theConference on Strategic Rivalries on the Bayof Bengal: The Burma/Myanmar Nexus,Cosmos Club, Washington, D.C. 2001 2 1 www.georgetown.edu/sfs/programs/asia/publications/conferences/cr_strategic_rivalries.htm
286 SPDC "Complete Explanationon the Developments in the country",General Thura Shwe Mann and Lt. GeneralSoe Win 2004 10 24 287 Global Witness
2004 6 288 Global News Wire, "Burmese Juntawon't set timetable for democracy" 2003 9 9 289 Ashley South, "Political Transition inMyanmar: A New Model forDemocratisation", Contemporary SoutheastAsia, ISEAS, National University, Singapore,Vol. 26, No. 2 2004 8 290 "Asia Pacific UN Official Says BurmeseConstitutional Talks a Failure"2005 6 1 28http://quickstart.clari.net/voa/art/hp/91D2CEBF-A774-45F6-BA82E7D260F2CF51.html291 Irrawaddy, "No regime response yet toceasefire groups' demands"2005 2 25 http://www.burmanet.org/bnn_today.shtml292 Global Witness
2005 3 16 293 Agence France Presse, "Ten Shanactivists arrested in Myanmar for conspiracy:minister" 2005 3 15 294 "Myanmar haltsconstitution talks, blames weather"2005 3 31 295 "Myanmar Shan rebels joinforces against Junta"2005 5 22 http://today.reuters.com/news/newsArticle.aspx?type=worldNews&storyID=2005-05-22T065403Z_01_N22169753_RTRIDST_0_INTERNATIONAL-MYANMAR-REBELS-DC.XML296 Irrawaddy 2003 12 4 297 Irrawaddy, "Chronology of meetingsbetween the Karen National Union &Burma's military government" 2004 3 298 Associated Press, "Karen rebels returnfrom Yangon after peace talks cut short byMyanmar prime minister's removal" 2004 10 21 299 "Rebel in Myanmarpromises a long war"2005 3 1 http://www.iht.com/articles/2005/02/28/news/myanmar.html300
2004 10 11 www.eu2004.nl301 "TheEU's Relations with Burma/Myanmar"2005 5 http://europa.eu.int/comm/external_relations/myanmar/intro/302 Agence France Presse, "MyanmarGives Up 2006 ASEAN Chairmanship"2005 7 26 303 BBC News "Burma leader inrare India talks" 2004 10 25 304 The New Light of Myanmar,(Perspectives), "To make collective effortsfor keeping environs green"2003 5 29 305 "Forestry inMyanmar" 2000 6 306 Brunner J., Talbot K. and Elkin C.,"Logging Burma's frontier forests: resourcesand the regime", World ResourcesInstitute 1998 307 ITTOhttp://www.itto.or.jp/live/PageDisplayHandler?pageId=199308 Seminar paper presented by TEAKNETat the Third Regional Seminar on Teak2000 309 2001-2002
2002 8 5 310 "Forestry inMyanmar" 2000 6
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