a b o u t BASEBALL - storage.googleapis.com€¦ · Seven states seceded from the Union, the Civil...

BASEBALLt h e h i s t o r y a b o u t

Designed by Megan Bergeson

CONTENTSDEDICATION

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1st Inning Beginnings to 1900s

2nd Inning 1900 to 1910

3rd Inning 1910 to 1920

4th Inning 1920 to 1930





9th Inning 1970 to Modern Day

10th Inning Glossary

This book is dedicated to the Rambow family. They hold baseball close to their hearts and think of it as more than just a game. It is

something that brings the family closer and something that is in the Rambow blood. A special thank you to my Grandpa Gerald Rambow

who taught me how important it is to never miss a game.

“I see great things in baseball. It’s our game--the American game. It will take our people out-of-doors, fill them with oxygen, give them a larger

physical stoicism. Tend to relieve us from being a nervous, dyspeptic set. Repair these losses, and be a blessing to us.”

-Walt Whitman

“Baseball is more than a game to me, it’s a religion.”-William Joseph Klem

“Baseball is the only field of endeavourwhere a man can succeed three times out of ten

and be considered a good performer.”-Theodore Samuel “Ted” Williams

42

Member of the National Baseball Hall of Fame

1ST INNING: BEGINNINGS TO 1900’S

Abner Doubleday (Union General)was credited for inventing baseball in Cooperstown, New York.

Alexander Cartwright “Father of Modern Base Ball” established the first organized ball club, New York Knickerbocker Base Ball Club.

W.A. “Candy” Cummings threw the first curve ball. Some thought of it as “unfair “to deceive the batter.

Curveball InventedCandy Cummings became a member of the Brooklyn Stars after demonstrating his revolutionary curve. The secret, he said, was to give “the ball a sharp twist with the middle finger which causes it to revolve with a swift rotary motion.”

First “Louisville Slugger” was made by Bud Hillerich for Pete Browning, star of Louisville’s professional team, the Eclipse.

The National Association of Professional Base Ball Players was established as the sport’s first “major league.”

Denton True Young (Cyclone) took the mound for the first time and threw his first no-hitter in 1897.

No-hitters throughout his career

Pitches with

Games started with

Wins withMore wins than any

other pitcher in history

1867 18841871100,000,000

511100

815

3

7,35660%

7

1890The Knickerbocker Ball Club consisted of twenty-eight young men, most belonging to a volunteer fire company.

The Knickerbockers decreed that the infield be diamond shaped rather than square. First and third were set forty-two paces apart. The balk was outlawed, foul lines were established, the batter got three missed swings and the runners were to be tagged out and not thrown at.

One summer afternoon a group of boys of the Otsego Academy were playing a game of “town ball.” The rules were so loose that every hit was fair and boys ran into one another.

That day, player Abner Doubleday sat down and drew up the rules for a new game, and called it baseball. Doubleday would eventually become a hero at the battle of Gettysburg and this game would become the national pastime... or so the old story has it.

1846 1861

1866 18

83

1892

New York Knickerbockers The National LeagueAmerican Baseball Legend

Inducted in 1939 Inducted in 1937Inducted in 1938

has sold more than

bats,

Louisville Slugger

of all Major League players currently use Louisville Slugger and

in the past decade, national college baseball champions hammered their way to the top with Louisville Slugger TPX bats.

The National League had eight original members: the Boston Red Stockings (now the Atlanta Braves), Chicago White Stockings (now the Chicago Cubs), Cincinnati Red Stockings, Hartford Dark Blues, Louisville Grays, Mutual of New York, Philadelphia Athletics and the St. Louis Brown Stockings.

Legendary pitcher, Cy Young holds the records for most career...

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Ellis Island immigration station opened which processed 450,000 immigrants in the first year.

54

1905 1907 190819031900

1903

1904First World SeriesAmerican League Created World Series not played

vs.

First World SeriesThe 1903 World Series was the first modern World Series played in Major League Baseball. It matched the Boston Americans of the American League against the Pittsburgh Pirates of the National League in a best-of-nine series. Boston prevailed five games to three, winning the last four.

1904 World SeriesDue to a business rivalry between the two leagues, especially in New York, there was a personal animosity between Giants manager John McGraw and American League president Ban Johnson. The Giants declined to meet the champions of the “junior” (or “minor”) league. McGraw said his Giants were already the world champions because they were the champions of the “only real major league”.

Ty CobbTy Cobb may have been the best all-around baseball player that ever lived. But one thing’s for sure, Cobb had a burning desire to win.

Cobb was known for his aggressive base running style and his ability to hit to all fields. He won nine consecutive AL batting titles from 1907 to 1915 and three more in his career. He hit .320 or better for 22 consecutive seasons, including over .400 three times.

Alta WeissAlta Weiss Hisrich, was an American minor league baseball pitcher from Ohio who drew large crowds to exhibition games at minor league and major league venues in Ohio and Kentucky. She was an early semi-professional female baseball player who went on to become a physician.

Walter JohnsonOne of the most celebrated and dominating players in baseball history, Johnson established several pitching records, some of which remain unbroken. He remains by far the all-time career leader in shutouts with 110, second in wins with 417, and fourth in complete games with 531. He once held the career record in strikeouts with 3,508 and was the only player in the 3,000 strikeout club for over 50 years until Bob Gibson recorded his 3,000th strikeout in 1974. Johnson led the league in strikeouts with a Major League record 12 times—one more than current strikeout leader Nolan Ryan—including a record eight consecutive seasons.

Baseball Anthem“Take Me Out to the Ball Game” may be one of the most universally known and enjoyed songs in America these days. Written in 1908 by Vaudeville, star singer and songwriter Jack Norworth, the music was added by Albert Von Tilzer. Neither the lyricist nor the musician had ever been to a baseball game before and the song was about wishing to attend one, imagining what it would be like.

The American LeagueThe American League (AL) has one notable difference over the National League, which is the designated hitter rule. Under the rule, a team may use a batter in their lineup who is not in the field defensively, compared to the old rule that made it mandatory for the pitcher to hit.

The 1901 season was the first season that the American League was classified as a “major league.” The AL comprised of the Chicago White Stockings, Boston Americans, Detroit Tigers, Philadelphia Athletics, Baltimore Orioles, Washington Senators, Cleveland Blues and Milwaukee Brewers. Inducted in 1936

Inducted in 1936

William McKinley assassinated, Theodore Roosevelt became president.

Wright Brothers made their first flight

Model T Ford appeared on the market

Einstein developed theory of relativity.

1901

1905

1908


Ty Cobb Alta Weiss Walter Johnson

9th2nd3rd7th

StrikeoutsWins

Innings ERA

3,5084175,914 2.17

Johnson’s All-Time Records

76

1900 TO 19102ND INNING:

President William Howard Taft Grover Cleveland Alexander

Fenway Park Opens

Dod

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Larg

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Fenway Park C

apacityB

oston, Mass. (37,499)

World War I Biggest Scandal in Baseball History “Shoeless” Joe Jackson

Black Sox ScandalMajor League Stadium SeatingOpening Day First Pitch

Presidential Pitching Records

Rookie Season Records

Joe Jackson

28 wins31 complete games367 innings pitched7 shutouts

5-time leader in ERA5-time leader in wins6-time leader in innings6-time leader in strikeouts

Career League Leads

1910 1911

1912

1912

1912 1918 1919Grover Cleveland AlexanderGrover Cleveland Alexander broke into the big leagues with an impressive rookie season in 1911 with the Philadelphia Phillies, setting a rookie re-cord with 28 wins.

He won pitching’s Triple Crown in 1915, 1916, and 1920, and is sometimes credited with a fourth in 1917. In 1915, he was instrumental in leading the Phillies to their first pennant, and he pitched a re-cord four one-hitters.

Players Enter the WarWorld War One also known as the Great War, was a global war centered in Europe that began in 1918.More than 9 million combatants and 7 million civilians died as a result of the war. It was one of the deadliest conflicts in history, paving the way for major political changes, including revolutions in many of the nations involved.

The war first shut down the minor leagues, one by one and caused Major League Baseball to shorten its 1918 season, ending it on Labor Day, Monday, September 2. Notable players who missed considerable playing time due to military service in World War I include Hall of Famers Grover Cleveland Alexander, Ty Cobb, Branch Rickey, Red Faber, Jud Wilson and Harry Heilmann.

Fenway Park is a baseball park in Boston, Massa-chusetts. It has been the home of the Boston Red Sox Major League Baseball team since it opened in 1912 and it is the oldest ballpark in MLB.

It is the fourth smallest among MLB ballparks by seating capacity, second smallest by total capac-ity, and one-of-eight that cannot accommodate at least 40,000 spectators.

The 1919 World Series matched the American League champion Chicago White Sox against the National League champion Cincinnati Reds. Although most World Series have been of the best-of-seven format, the 1919 World Series was a best-of-nine series. Baseball decided to try the best-of-nine to increase popularity of the sport and generate more revenue.

This world series is known for the Black Sox Scandal, when several members of the Chicago franchise conspired with gamblers to throw the World Series. The players conspired because they thought they were not getting a fair amount of pay from the managers. In 1920, the various franchise owners installed Kenesaw Mountain Landis as the first “Commissioner of Baseball.”

In 1921, eight players from the White Sox, including superstars Shoeless Joe Jackson and Eddie Cicotte, were banned from organized baseball for fixing the series (or having knowledge about the fix).

Jackson was the unquestioned star of the team. The left fielder hit .351 that season, fourth in the league and in the AL’s top five in slugging percentage, runs batted in, total bases and base hits.

As a result of Jackson’s association with the scandal, Kenesaw Mountain Landis, Major League Baseball’s first commissioner, banned Jackson from playing after the 1920 season. Since then, Jackson’s guilt has been disputed, and his expulsion from baseball during the prime of his career made him one of the game’s legendary figures.

Jackson, who played left field for most of his career, currently has the third-highest career batting average in major league history. In 1911, Jackson hit for a .408 average. It is still the sixth-highest single-season total since 1901, which marked the beginning of the modern era for the sport. His average that year also set the record for batting average in a single-season by a rookie. Babe Ruth said that he modeled his hitting technique after Jackson’s.

Inducted in 1938

Tita

nic

sink

s

Alexander Graham Bell conducts first telephone conversation

The influenza epidemic Spanish flu spans the globe, killing over twenty million worldwide and five hundred and forty-eight thousand people in the United States.

1918

In 1910 President Taft threw out the first pitch on opening day, since that day nearly every president has partaken in the tradition and thrown out the first pitch.

Franklin Delano Roosevelt

Dwight D. Eisenhower

Harry Truman

George H.W. Bush

Total opening day pitches


3RD INNING: 1910 TO 1920

98

1929


4TH INNING: 1920 TO 1930

10 11

Baseball on the RadioThe Great Bambino

1921 19271925Chapman was hit in the head by a pitch thrown by Yankees pitcher Carl Mays, and died 12 hours later. He remains the only Major League Baseball player to have died from an injury received at a baseball game.

His death led to Major League Baseball establishing a rule requiring umpires to replace the ball whenever it became dirty, and it was partially the reason the spitball was banned after the 1920 season. Chapman’s death was also one of the examples used to emphasize the need for wearing batting helmets (although the rule was not adopted until over 30 years later).

Ruth has been called an American original, undoubtedly the game’s first great slugger and the most celebrated athlete of his time. Soon after honing his skills at St. Mary’s Industrial School for Boys in Baltimore, he came to the big leagues as a lefty pitcher with the Red Sox, where he won 89 games in six years while setting the World Series record for consecutive scoreless innings.

Due to his prodigious power he was shifted to the outfield after his sale to the Yankees in 1920. Ruth retired in 1935, ending his 22-year big league career with 714 home runs, including his remarkable 60 in 1927. His lifetime statistics also include 2,873 hits, 506 doubles, 2,174 runs, 2,213 RBI, a .342 batting average, a .474 on-base percentage and a .690 slugging percentage.

Gehrig wore uniform number four, because he hit behind Babe Ruth, number three. One of the most magnificent hitters and run producers in history, Gehrig was always overshadowed by Ruth. Who was not only an unparalleled hitter, but was as outgoing and flamboyant as Gehrig was reserved and quiet. “He just went out and did his job every day.” - said his teammate, Hall of Famer Bill Dickey.

Gehrig scored over 100 runs and drove in over 100 runs for 13 straight seasons. He led the American League in runs four times, home runs three times, runs-batted in five times, on-base percentage five times, and batting average once. He finished among the league’s top three hitters seven times. He racked up eight 200-plus hit seasons.

Radio swept across America, capturing the hearts and imagination of an entire nation. Radio coverage of the national pastime became an integral part of baseball’s success.

Initially, team owners were reluctant to broadcast home games for fear that fans would stay home and listen rather than pay to see the games at the ballpark. They soon discovered that local broadcasts only further heightened interest in the game and dramatically increased attendance.

Murderers’ Row was the nickname given to the New York Yankees baseball team of 1927, widely considered one of the best teams in history. The nickname is in particular describing the first six hitters in the 1927 team lineup.

1920

George Harmon Ruth

Lou Gehrig Murderers’ Row

500 Home Run Club

Ray Chapman

Raymond Johnson Chapman was an American baseball player, spending his entire career as a shortstop for Cleveland.

Fans could now listen at home instead of going to the games.

Henry Louis Gehrig, known as “Iron Man Lou Gehrig.”

The 1927 Yankees are known as one of the greatest line-ups in baseball history.

In 1929 Babe Ruth was the first player in baseball to ever hit 500 home runs, essentially establishing the 500 home run club.

George Harmon “Babe” Ruth

6x American League RBI Champ

7x World Series Champ

12x AL Home Run Champ

2x All-Star

Stock Market Crash

National Prohibition Law takes effect

Inducted in 1939

Inducted in 1936

1. Earle Combs2. Mark Koenig3. Babe Ruth4. Lou Gehrig5. Bob Meusel6. Tony Lazzeri

Barry Bonds 762Hank Aaron 755Babe Ruth 714Willie Mays 660Alex Rodriguez 654Ken Griffey, Jr. 630Jim Thome 612Sammy Sosa 609Frank Robinson 586Mark McGwire 583Harmon Killebrew 573Rafael Palmeiro 569Reggie Jackson 563Manny Ramirez 555Mike Schmidt 548Mickey Mantle 536Jimmie Foxx 534Ted Williams 521Willie McCovey 521Frank Thomas 521Eddie Mathews 512Ernie Banks 512Mel Ott 511Gary Sheffield 509Eddie Murray 504Albert Pujols 500


Gehrig hits four home runs

16 players in MLB have hit four HRs in a single game.

First All-Star Game

19321931 19361935 1939Ruth resigned with the Yankees in 1930 and was paid the largest sum ever paid to a ball player to that point, it represented 40 percent of the team’s player payroll.

During that season Ruth was asked by a reporter what he thought of his yearly salary of $80,000 being more than President Hoover’s $75,000. His response was, “I know, but I had a better year than Hoover.”

Joshua Gibson was an American who played the position of catcher in baseball’s Negro leagues. He became a professional by accident while sitting in the stands. When Homestead Grays catcher Buck Ewing injured his hand, Gibson was invited to replace him because his titanic home runs were already well known in Pittsburgh.

His legendary feats with the Homestead Grays have many experts regarding Gibson as the sport’s greatest home run hitter. Negro leagues statistics of the time are largely incomplete. But the legend of Gibson’s power has always been larger than life.

Iron Man Lou Gehrig, the first baseman for the New York Yankees, became the first American League and modern player in baseball history to hit four home runs in one game.

Writers of Sporting News described hitting four home runs in a single Major League Baseball game as “baseball’s greatest single-game accomplishment.”

The first Major League All-Star Game was played on July 6, 1933 at Comiskey Park in Chicago. The game was established to boost ticket sales during The Great Depression and was such a success, MLB made it an annual occurrence.

The National Baseball Halll of Fame was established in 1936. It was started as a promotion for MLB to bring in more fans during The Great Depression.

The National Baseball Hall of Fame has 406 members inducted so far.

Gehrig is chiefly known for playing in 2,130 consecutive games for the Yankees, a magnificent streak thought to have been unbreakable, until Cal Ripken, Jr. came along.

Gehrig’s consecutive games streak came to an end on May 2, 1939, when he removed himself from the lineup after a dismal start caused by his mysterious neuromuscular disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, or ALS, later known as “Lou Gehrig’s Disease.”

Lou Gehrig was inducted into the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1939. In light of his progressive illness, the usual two-year waiting period after a player retires was waived in Gehrig’s case.

1930Josh Gibson

Babe Ruth’s All-Time Records

National Baseball Hall of Fame Lou Gehrig Ends CareerBabe Ruth signs with Yankees

Inducted in 1972

33 Executives

10 Umpires

23 Managers

1st

1st

2nd

3rd

3rd

4th

6th

10th

Slugging % - .690

OPS - 1.164

RBI List - 2,213

On-Base % - .474

Home Run List - 714

Walk List - 2,062

Runs List - 2,174

Batting Average - .342


Yankees retired Gehrig’s uniform No. 4. First player in MLB history to be given this honor.

America enters the Great Depression, fans cannot afford to go to baseball games.

World War II begins

Hitler elected chancellor of Germany, first Natzi camp established.

Lou Gehrig

Babe Ends his Career in 1935

First game played under the lights

7x All Star

2x American League MVP

Triple Crown Winner

The first big league night game in 1935 drew 25,000 fans. President Roosevelt symbolically switched on the lights from Washington, D.C. to capitalize on the new evening fan base.

Today, over 80 percent of Major League Baseball games are played at night, under the lights.

Night games

Day games

12 13

Bobby Lowe Ed Delahanty Lou Gehrig Chuck Klein Pat Seerey Gil Hodges Joe Adcock Rocky Colavito Willie Mays Mike Schmidt Bob Horner Mark Whiten Mike CameronShawn Green Carlos Delgado Josh Hamilton

1894 1896 1932 19361948 19501954 1959 1961 1976 1986 1993 20022002 2003 2012

203 Players

Ruth becomes the highest paid athlete in history.

Josh Gibson was a great Negro League ball player.


Branch Rickey

1942 1945 1949Joseph Paul “Joe” DiMaggio, “The Yankee Clipper,” was an American center fielder who played his entire 13-year career for the New York Yankees. He is perhaps best known for his 56-game hitting streak.

Williams played his entire 19-year Major League career as the left fielder for the Boston Red Sox. Williams is known as one of the greatest hitters in baseball history. He finished his career with a .344 batting average, 521 home runs and a .482 on-base percentage, the highest of all time. His batting average is the highest of any MLB player with 302 or more home runs.

By the fall of 1942, many minor league teams disbanded due to the war. Young men, 18 years of age and over, were being drafted into the armed services. There was a fear this pattern would continue and Major League Baseball Parks across the country would be in danger of collapse.

Philip K. Wrigley, the chewing-gum mogul had inherited the Chicago Cubs’ franchise from his father. Wrigley recommended a girls’ softball league be established. This league would go into Major League parks if attendance fell due to franchises losing too many quality players to the war. The women’s league created crowds to help keep baseball alive during the war but disbanded in 1953.

Wesley Branch Rickey was best known for breaking Major League Baseball’s color barrier by signing African American player Jackie Robinson. He also drafted the first Afro-Hispanic superstar, Roberto Clemente, and he created the framework for the modern minor league farm system.He encouraged the Major Leagues to add new teams through his involvement in the proposed Continental League. Rickey also introduced the modern batting helmet.

The second baseman played for the Kansas City Monarchs as a part of the Negro Leagues until Brooklyn Dodgers general manager Branch Rickey decided he wanted to integrate baseball. Rickey wanted Robinson not only for his talent and style of play, but also because of his demeanor. He knew he was sending him down a tough road and thought Robinson was the man to handle it without fighting back. Robinson endured teammates and crowds who opposed his presence and threats to himself and his family, with honor and grace. He made his major league debut on April 15, 1947.

Paige was a right-handed pitcher and was the oldest rookie to play in MLB at the age of 42. He played with the St. Louis Browns until age 47, and represented them at the All-Star Game in 1952 and 1953.

Paige was among the most famous and successful players from the Negro leagues. While his outstanding control as a pitcher first got him noticed, it was his infectious, cocky, enthusiastic personality and his love for the game that made him a star.

1941Ted Williams All-American Girls Professional Baseball League Jackie Robinson Satchel PaigeJoe DiMaggio

Inducted in 1939 Inducted in 1971Inducted in 1966 Inducted in 1967Inducted in 1955

Japanese attack Pearl Harbor and the United States enters the war.

12 minor leagues survived during the war years compared to 44 circuits that operated in 1940.

D-Day Invasion

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

Minor League4,076

500

Number of players who served in WWII

Major League

2x American League MVP9x World Series Champion

10x American League Pennant Winner

3x American League MVP

6x American League Batting Champ

17x American League All-Star

2x Triple Crown Winner


The war took three years away from Joe’s professional baseball career, he left in 1944 and returned in 1947.

Ted Williams is known as one of baseball’s greatest hitters, spending his entire career with the Boston Red Sox.

Branch Rickey invented the farm league system or minor leagues.

Jackie Robinson was National League Rookie of the Year with 12 homers, and a league-leading 29 steals.

Paige compiled 64 consecutive scoreless innings, a stretch of 21 straight wins

1514

Unbreakable RecordsPitching

Career Wins

Season Wins

Career Shutouts

Career No-hitters

Career Strike-outs

Career Saves

Hitting

Career Hits

Career Triples

Season Triples

Career Batting Average

Career On-Base %

Longest Hitting Streak

Other

Career Stolen Bases

Career All-Star Games

Most Games Managed

Cy Young, 511

Old Hoss Radbourn, 59

Walter Johnson, 110

Nolan Ryan, 7

Nolan Ryan, 5,714

Mariano Rivera, 652

Pete Rose, 4,256

Sam Crawford, 309

Chief Wilson, 36

Ty Cobb, .366

Tedd Williams, .482

Joe DiMaggio, 56 games

Rickey Henderson, 2,632

Hank Aaron, 25

Connie Mack, 7,755



MLB Move of the 1950sDon Larsen Pitches Perfect Game

Willie Mays

Roy Campenella1951 1954 1956 1957

Mickey MantleMickey Charles Mantle nicknamed “The Commerce Comet” or “The Mick,” was an American Major League centerfielder and first baseman for the New York Yankees for 18 seasons, from 1951 through 1968. Mantle is known by many to be the greatest switch hitter of all time.

He was an All-Star 20 times and was an American League Most Valuable Player three times. Mantle appeared in 12 World Series, helping the Yankees win seven of them. He holds the records for most World Series home runs (18), RBIs (40), extra-base hits (26), runs (42), walks (43) and total bases (123).

In Game 2 of the 1951 World Series on a ball stroked by Willie Mays, Mickey tripped on the drain pipe cover destroying the ligaments in his knee. With it went the promise of a career that could have gone on to lengths beyond what he accomplished while forever being wrapped in bandages and permanently hobbled.

During a 15-year MLB career, Larsen pitched from 1953–1967 for seven different teams.

Larsen pitched the sixth perfect game in MLB history, doing so in Game 5 of the 1956 World Series. It is currently the only no-hitter or perfect game in World Series history and is one of only two no-hitters in MLB postseason history. He won the World Series Most Valuable Player award and Babe Ruth Award in recognition of his 1956 postseason.

Willie Mays spent most of 1952 and all of 1953 in the Army, but in 1954, Mays showed his all-around ability on the field. He led the league with a .345 batting average and 13 triples, while blasting 41 homers and ringing up 110 runs batted in.

Willie Mays played for the New York and San Fransico Giants for 21 seasons.

Mays is known for his catch in the 1954 World Series vs. the Dodgers. The Giants went on to win the game and sweep the series. “The Catch” is considered by many to be the greatest defensive play ever.

The first move was the Boston Braves, who relocated (for 1953) to Milwaukee, home of their top farm team, the Milwaukee Brewers.

Other owners took notice and began their relocation threats as well. The St. Louis Browns moved to Baltimore in 1954, becoming the Baltimore Orioles. The Philadelphia Athletics moved to Kansas City in 1955.

The Brooklyn Dodgers and New York Giants both moved to Califonia in hopes to find a new fan base market.

On Sept. 29, 1957, the New York Giants baseball team played its final game in Manhattan. The Giants moved to San Francisco the following year, while its National League rivals, the Brooklyn Dodgers, moved to Los Angeles.

In 1951, Campanella won the National League Most Valuable Player award, while, hitting .325 with 33 home runs and 108 RBI. He won his second MVP in 1953 while driving in a record (since broken) 142 runs as a catcher, then grabbed a third MVP award in 1955 while leading the Dodgers to their first World Series title.

His production dropped during the 1956 and 1957 seasons, but Campanella appeared energized by the Dodgers’ move to Los Angeles before the 1958 season. Late in January Campanella lost control of a rented car on a patch of ice on an S-curve in Long Island, N.Y.

Campanella suffered a broken fifth vertebra in his back, costing him almost complete use of his body below the shoulders.

He finished his 10-year big league career with 242 home runs, 856 RBI and five postseason appearances.

Inducted in 1979

Inducted in 1974Inducted in 1969

Rosa Parks refuses to give up seat on the bus

Vietnam War Begins.

Brown vs. Board of Education (ended segregation)

19551954

23 pitchers in Major League history have pitched a perfect game.

What are the odds of throwing a Perfect Game?

You have better odds of...1 in 18,192 (at least)Winning $400 on a lottery scratch off ticket

1 in 12,000Having a randomly picked clover be a four-leaf clover

1 in 10,000Getting four of a kind in a five-card poker hand

1 in 4,164

9 National League pitchers

14 American League pitchers

1716

Casey Stengle

1962 1966

1969

19651962

1963William Stanley Mazeroski spent his entire career in Major League Baseball as a second baseman for the Pittsburgh Pirates (1956–72). A key member of the Pirates’ World Series-winning teams in 1960 and 1971.

He is known as one of the greatest defensive second basemen of all time, and perhaps best known for winning the 1960 World Series with a dramatic game-ending home run. Mazeroski’s home run remains the only one to win a World Series Game 7.

New York Yankee outfielder Roger Maris, of Fargo, North Dakota, is best known for hitting 61 home runs in 1961. His 61 in ‘61 set a new major league baseball record, breaking Babe Ruth’s previous mark of 60 in 1927.

Roger and teammate Mickey Mantle entertained baseball fans throughout the summer of ‘61 as the two New York Yankee sluggers chased the record that many called the most cherished in all of sports. Mickey dropped out of the home run race early due to an injury, but finished with a career-high 54 home runs. Roger tied Ruth on September 26, hitting his 60th home run. He hit his 61st home run on the final day of the season, October 1, 1961, against the Boston Red Sox to set a new record. The Yankees won the game, 1-0, and later went on to win the World Series. Roger was voted the Most Valuable Player in the American League for the second straight year, as he led the league in home runs and RBI.

Rose, a switch hitter for the Cincinnati Reds was one of the greatest players in baseball. He won three World Series rings, three batting titles, one Most Valuable Player award, two Gold Gloves, the Rookie of the Year award.

Rose, a switch hitter, is the all-time Major League leader in hits (4,256), games played (3,562), at-bats (14,053), singles (3,215),and outs (10,328). He won three World Series rings and made 17 All-Star appearances at an unequaled five different positions (2B, LF, RF, 3B, and 1B).

Stengel is the only man to have worn the uniform (as player or manager) of all four Major League Baseball teams in New York City in the 20th century: The New York Giants (as a player), the Brooklyn Dodgers (as both a player and a manager), the New York Yankees (as a manager) and the New York Mets (as a manager).

His uniform number 37 has been retired by both the Yankees and the Mets. He was the first of four men to manage both the New York Yankees and New York Mets. He also managed the Braves and the Dodgers while ending his baseball career as the beloved manager for the then expansion New York Mets.

Sanford “Sandy” Koufax was a left-handed pitcher, playing his entire Major League Baseball career for the Brooklyn/Los Angeles Dodgers, from 1955 to 1966. He became the youngest player ever elected to the Baseball Hall of Fame, at the age of 36.

Koufax is also remembered as one of the outstanding Jewish athletes in American sports. His decision not to pitch Game 1 of the 1965 World Series because it fell on Yom Kippur gained national attention as an example of conflict between professional pressures and personal beliefs.

1960 1961Roger Maris Pete Rose Sandy KoufaxBill Mazeroski


Bill Mazeroski earned eight Golden Glove awards throughout his career.

Roger Maris has been on the Hall of Fame ballot four times but has never received enough votes to be inducted.

Casey Stengle played from 1912-1925 and managed from 1934-1965, oldest manager in baseball history.

Pete’s All -Time Records in the MLBMost career hits

Most career outs Most career games played

Most career at-bats Most career singles

Most career runs by a switch hitter Most career doubles by a switch hitter Most career walks by a switch hitter

Most seasons with 600 at-bats Playing in the most winning games

4,25610,3283,56214,0533,2152,1657461,566171,972

After admitting to betting on baseball while playing and managing Pete hoped to get reinstated into the game. He had applied to be reinstated four times but always was denied.

Sandy Koufax, a Pitching Legend

Sandy Koufax’s career was cut short due to arthritis in his left elbow. He ended his career prematurely at age 30.

6 Seasons

4 No Hitters

3 Cy Young Awards

1 Perfect Game

Inducted in 2001

Neil Armstrong becomes first man on the moon.

Washington Senators move to Bloomington, MN.

Cuban misslile crisis



1918


9TH INNING: 1970 TO MODERN DAY

2120

Ken Griffey Sr. and Ken Griffey Jr.Players Strike

Designated Hitter

Nolan Ryan

Nolan Ryan

1972

1973

1981 1989 1990 1994

On January 11, 1973, the owners of America’s 24 major league baseball teams vote to allow teams in the American League (AL) to use a “designated pinch-hitter” that could bat for the pitcher, while still allowing the pitcher to stay in the game.

Roberto ClementeRoberto Clemente Walker was a Puerto Rican right fielder that played 18 seasons for the Pittsburgh Pirates from 1955 through 1972. In 1972, Clemente got his 3,000th major league hit in the very last plate appearance of his career during a regular season game.

Clemente was involved in charity work in Puerto Rico as well as Latin American and Caribbean countries during the off seasons, often delivering baseball equipment and food to those in need. He died in an aviation accident on December 31, 1972, while en route to deliver aid to earthquake victims in Nicaragua.

Clemente was inducted posthumously to the National Baseball Hall of Fame in 1973, becoming the first Latin American and Caribbean player to be enshrined. His death established the precedent that as an alternate to the five-year retirement period, a player deceased for at least six months is eligible for entry into the Hall of Fame.

Pete Rose Banned from BaseballIn 1989 reporters started speculating that Pete Rose had been betting on baseball and other sports during his time with the Cincinnati Reds. At this time Rose was managing the New York Mets but was soon replaced days after the allegation surfaced. Rose denied all the accusations as reporters conducted an investigation. The investigation included alleged bookies and bet runners. After the investigation, lawyer John Dowd compiled a day-by-day account of Rose betting on baseball games in 1987. The report documented Rose betting on 53 Reds games in 1987, wagering a minimum of $10,000 a day.

Rose continued to deny all the accusations and refused to appear at his hearing. In 1989, Rose accepted the permanent place on baseball’s ineligible list, in return, MLB agreed to make no formal finding to the gambling allegations. According to baseball rules, Rose could apply for reinstatement in one year.

In 2004, after years of public denial, Rose admitted to betting on baseball and on, but not against, the Reds. The issue of Rose’s possible reinstatement and election to the Hall of Fame remains a contentious one throughout baseball.

The strike began on June 12, 1981 and forced the cancellation of 713 games in the middle of the regular season. The two sides reached an agreement on July 31, and play resumed on August 9 with the All-Star Game, with regular season play resuming one day later.

George Kenneth Griffey started his career in baseball in 1973 with the Cincinnati Reds. Griffey played for 19 seasons compiling a lifetime batting average of .296, with 152 home runs and 859 RBI. Griffey was also the Most Valuable Player of the 1980 All-Star Game. In 1,997 games, Griffey compiled a lifetime batting average of .296, with 152 home runs and 859 RBI.

George Kenneth “Ken” Griffey, Jr. was an outfielder who played 22 years in Major League Baseball for three teams. A 13-time All-Star, Griffey was one of the best home run hitters in baseball, his 630 home runs rank as the sixth-most in MLB history. Griffey was also an exceptional defender and won 10 Gold Glove Awards in center field. He is tied for the record of most consecutive games with a home run (8 games, tied with Don Mattingly and Dale Long).

The Griffeys became one of the first father-and-son duos to play on the same Major League Baseball team. They played their first game together in 1990.

Ken Griffey Jr. is up for nomination into the national hall of fame in 2016.

Lynn Nolan Ryan, Jr. nicknamed “The Ryan Express,” was a pitcher in the MLB for 27 years and four different major league clubs.

Ryan, a hard-throwing, right-handed pitcher, threw pitches that were regularly recorded above 100 miles per hour. The high velocity remained throughout his career, even into his 40s. Ryan was also known to throw a devastating 12–6 curveball at exceptional velocity for a breaking ball.

Ryan had 5,714 strike outs throughout his career ranking him first in the major league by a significant margin. Ryan is also the all-time leader in no-hitters with seven, three more than any other pitcher. Ryan is one of only 29 players in baseball history to have appeared in Major League baseball games in four decades and the only pitcher to have struck out seven pairs of fathers and sons.

Ryan is currently the only major league baseball player to have his number retired by at least three different teams: the Angels, Astros and Rangers.


Total lost of $146 million

Players lost $4 million a week

Owners lost $42 million in salaries

Top10 Designated Hitters

Players HRs

10. Brian Downing....... 275

9. Chili Davis.................350

8. Jim Thome................612

7. Hal McRae.................191

6. Don Baylor.................338

5. Harold Baines............384

4. David Ortiz................521

3. Frank Thomas............466

2. Paul Molitor................421

1. Edgar Martinez..........234

1. Nolan Ryan ‘74

2. Bob Feller ‘46

3. Aroldis Chapman ‘10

4. Joel Zumaya ‘06

5. Neftali Feliz ‘10

MLB’s 5 Fastest Pitchers

108.1 mph

107.6 mph

105.1 mph

103.4 mph

103.2 mph

Facts you didn’t know about Rose1. Rose was in debt over $67,000 from gambling.

2. Rose denied all accusations but voluntarily accepted a permanent place on baseball’s ineligible list.

3. Rose was the first person banned from the game since 1943.

4. Rose holds more records than any other player in history.

5. The ban means he can’t appear at any official Major League Baseball functions or take part in any pre- or post-game festivities involving the Cincinnati Reds.

500 Home run Club......................................11Alexander, Grover Cleveland.........................8All American Girls Professional League........15American League...........................................6Baseball Anthem............................................7Black Sox Scandal..........................................9Campenelle, Roy..........................................17Cartwright, Alexander....................................4Chapman, Ray..............................................10Clemente, Roberto......................................20Cobb, Ty.........................................................7Cummings, W.A. “Candy”.............................4Designated Hitters.......................................20DiMaggio, Joe.............................................14Doubleday, Abner..........................................4Fenway Park...................................................8First All-Star Game.......................................12First Game Under the Lights........................13First World Series...........................................6Gehrig, Louis......................................11,12,13Gibson, Josh................................................12Griffey Jr., Ken..............................................21

Robinson, Jackie.......................................15Rose, Pete.............................................19,21Ruth, George Harmon.....................10,12,13Ryan, Nolan...............................................21Stadium Seating..........................................8Stengle, Casey...........................................18Taft, William Howard...................................8Unbreakable Records................................16Wiess, Alta...................................................7Williams, Ted.............................................14World War I................................................. 9World War II.............................................. 15Young, Delton “Cy”.................................... 5

Griffey Sr., Ken.......................................... 21Jackson, Joe................................................9Johnson, Walter...........................................7Koufax, Sandy............................................19Larsen, Don...............................................17Louisville Slugger....................................... .5Major League Move..................................17Mantle, Mickey..........................................16Maris, Roger..............................................18Mays, Willie...............................................16Mazeroski, Bill...........................................18Minor Leagues....................................... ...15MLB Fastest Pitchers.................................21Murderer’s Row.........................................11National League........................................ .5New York Knickerbockers.......................... .4Opening Day...............................................8Paige, Satchel............................................15Perfect Games...........................................17Players Strike.............................................20Radio.........................................................10Rickey, Branch...........................................14

Resources:Ward, Geoffrey C., and Ken Burns. Baseball: An Illustrated History. New York: A.A. Knopf, 1994. Print.

GLOSSARY

2322

Baseball has been around since the 1800s. Starting as just a game for young boys and turning into American’s National Pastime. Baseball brings a sense of tradition to Americans.

Baseball has helped America through wars, economic decline, segregation and national crisis. This book will take you through decades of history and introduce you to some of baseball’s greatest.

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