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NAVA BHARAT FERRO ALLOYS LTD
POWER DIVISIONDHARMAVARAM
STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURES
FOR 20 MW STEAM TURBINE
MODEL: C9-R16-ER
PREPARED BY
.
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Standard Operating Procedure
Steam turbine is a machine, which converts the heat energ avai!ab!e "rom Boi!er
main steam into mechanica! energ in an economica! wa. #urbine is associate$ with
Re$uction gearbo% an$ &enerator, to convert this mechanica! energ into e!ectrica!
energ.
'ne number (" )* M+, sing!e c!in$er, horionta!, im-u!se, mu!tistage, mu!ttiva!ve,
a%ia! "!ow, con$ensing, one contro!!e$ an$ one uncontro!!e$ e%tractions with
re$uction gear an$ $own e%haust t-e turbo generator su--!ie$ b SM /o 0t$.,
a-an is insta!!e$ in our -!ant.
The o!!o"ing are the #a!ient eature# o Tur$ine%
Machine is having E!ectro h$rau!ic governing sstem assiste$ with +''D +ARD
2 3(3 governor contro! sstem, one Emergenc sto- va!ve an$ 4 nos o" inbui!t contro!
va!ves with one mechanica! over s-ee$ tri--ing mechanism. #urbine is having two
numbers o" steam e%tractions, 1st steam uncontro!!e$ e%traction "or HP heater "or
"ee$ water heating, *
n$
steam contro!!e$ e%traction "or Deareator, "or $eareation an$heating -ur-ose an$ "or the sugar -!ant -ur-ose.
Princip!e o Operation%
#he steam with 56 7g8S9.cm -ressure an$ 313 Deg./ tem-eratures wi!! enter into
turbine through one ESV an$ 4 numbers &overning contro! va!ves. #he steam entere$
into the turbine e%-an$s over the moving an$ "i%e$ b!a$es o" turbine re!easing the
mechanica! energ an$ rotates the turbine rotor at 61:4 r-m. #he turbine is cou-!e$
with the generator rotor through re$uction gearbo% ;61:4813(( r-m< an$ rotates the
generator rotor to convert mechanica! energ into E!ectrica! energ.
Steam a"ter $oing it=s wor> in turbine, gets co!!ecte$ into /on$enser an$ "orms as
con$ensate b giving it=s !atent heat to /+ water "!owing in the tubes o" con$enser.
*
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mu!tistage, mu!ti va!ve, a%ia! "!ow, con$ensing, no!e governing, e%traction an$
geare$ t-e. #he turbine is -rovi$e$ with 16 stages o" b!a$es.
Steam "!ow to the HP -art is regu!ate$ b 4nos steam contro! va!ves constitute$ as a
sing!e assemb! as HP governor va!ve. Steam #urbine consists o" /asing, "i%e$
b!a$es, moving b!a$es, rotor ;on which moving b!a$es are "i%e$< bearings ;@ourna!
an$ thrustg8S9.cm gC main steam -ressure, 313
Deg./ MS tem-erature, 61:4 r-m, (.1 7g8S9.cm ;abs< e%haust steam -ressure an$
1*.61 #PH steam "!ow through it. #he two e%traction steam 9uantities are 14.114
#PH "or HP heater, .65 #PH "or Deareator, an$ 1*.(3 #PH "or 0P heater. An$
remaining :).) #PH gets co!!ecte$ in con$enser where it is con$ense$ b using
/ircu!ating water. #o su--! the coo!ing water "or the above con$ensation -rocess,
#+' numbers o" /+ -um-s each o" 6:(( /u.M8Hr ca-acities are insta!!e$ here.
#he circu!ating water gets heate$ b a--ro% : Deg./ in the con$enser $uring
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con$ensation -rocess. n or$er to coo! this water b 1( Deg./, two nos o" coo!ing
towers with in$uce$ $raught "ans are insta!!e$.
The o!!o"ing are the Protection# /Trip 'a!ue#0 o the Tur$ine%
1. Steam tem-erature at turbine in!et high high 34) Deg./
*. Steam tem-. at turbine in!et !ow !ow I 46($eg/, this -rotection comes in to
service on! when MS tem-erature reaches to 4:3 $eg / an$ then "a!!s to 46(.
). Steam -ressure at turbine in!et !ow !ow I 6( >g8s9.cm ;ma be b-asse$ initia!!
"or /o!$ an$ +arm start u-s i" re9uire$.<
4.Steam -ressure at turbine in!et high high 1()>g8s9.cm ;not incor-orate$ -ush button.
1). E%haust steam -ressure high high 1.) 7g8S9.cm ;abs<
14. E%haust steam #em-erature high high 13( $eg/
13. 0ube oi! reservoir !eve! ;M'#< !ow !ow I )3( mm.
16. Hot we!! !eve! !ow !ow I )((mm
1. Hot we!! high high 14(( mm
15. #urbine Rotor a%ia! shi"t high high J(.63, G(.63 mm.
1:. #urbine "ront sha"t vibration high high :( microns
*(. #urbine rear sha"t vibration high high :( microns
*1. Re$uction gear -inion "ront sha"t vibration high high 14( microns
**. Re$uction gear -inion rear sha"t vibration high high 14( microns
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*). Re$uction gear whee! "ront sha"t vibration high high 15( microns
*4. Re$uction gear whee! rear sha"t vibration high high 15( microns
*3. &enerator "ront sha"t vibration high high 16( microns
*6. &enerator rear sha"t vibration high high 16( microns
*. #urbine thrust bearing tem-erature high high ;inactive< 1*( Deg./
*5. #urbine thrust bearing tem-erature high high ;active< 1*( Deg./
*:. #urbine "ront sha"t bearing tem-erature high high 1*( $eg/
)(. #urbine rear sha"t bearing tem-erature high high 1*( $eg/
)1. Re$uction &ear -inion "ront bearing tem-erature high high 1*( $eg/
)*. Re$uction &ear -inion rear bearing tem-erature high high 1*( $eg/
)). Re$uction &ear whee! "ront bearing tem-erature high high 1*( $eg/
)4. Re$uction &ear whee! rear bearing tem-erature high high 1*( $eg/
)3. &enerator "ront bearing tem-erature high high 53 $eg/
)6. &enerator rear bearing tem-erature high high 53 $eg/
). HP heater !eve! high high *:(mm. ;Protection shou!$ be b-asse$ $uring
charging o" HP heater.< not incor-orate$.
II- Tur$ine !u$e oi! #(#te)%
#urbine !ube oi! sstem consists o" Main oi! tan> ;M'#
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sstem. #wo numbers o" va-or "ans ;one wor>ing an$ one stan$b< are -rovi$e$ to
e%tract oi! va-ors "rom M'# an$ vent them out to atmos-here.
+ONTROL OIL P,1P%
/ontro! oi! -um- ;/'P< su--!ies oi! to the governing sstem $uring initia! start an$
continuous o-eration o" turbine. /'P is rate$ to $e!iver 6( 0PM at a hea$ o" 16.(
7g8S9./m ;g< an$ is $riven b 413V, 3.37+, an$ *55(Gr-m motor. #wo numbers o"
/'Ps are insta!!e$, out o" two, one is wor>ing an$ another is stan$b. #he autoG
change over is incor-orate$ between /'PG1 an$ /'PG*.
Startup Se2uenceF
(1. Ensure the "o!!owing
/'P1* are rea$ "rom Mechanica!, E!ectrica! an$ nstrumentation si$es an$ '
0ine /!earance is -en$ing on /'PG 1*, governing an$ !ube oi! sstems.
Power su--! an$ contro! su--! are avai!ab!e.
Pressure switches an$ inter!oc>s are -ro-er! chec>e$ an$ incor-orate$.
Discharge va!ves are o-ene$.0eve! o" oi! in M'# is norma! /334))0-
Va!ves in oi! sstem su--! mains are -ro-er! !ine$ u-.
Ensure oi! va-or "an is rea$ to start ;at !east one the $ischarge -ressure o" -um- an$ motor current.
(4. 7ee- the stan$ b -um- in auto, in or$er to come in to service in auto as -er
inter!oc>.
(3. 'bserve the contro! oi! "i!ter $i""erentia! -ressure ;DP< ;not more than (.5
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Before changing the filter, open air vent & Equalizing valve and ensure that both the
filters are equalized with oil. fter change over, close the air vent.
Shutdo"n Se2uence%
As these -um-s are inten$e$ "or continuous su--! o" governing oi! to the turbine,
the are to be switche$ o"" on! when the turbine is not in service. Be"ore switching
o"" these -um-s, ensure that the stan$b -um- is in LMA= mo$e ;i" -um- is in
A#'C mo$e, it wi!! come in to service on inter!oc>g8S9.cm to #urbine,
Re$uction gear bo% an$ generator bearings an$ tri- oi! at 4.) 7g8S9.cm to the
governing sstem $uring turbine s-ee$ run u- an$ turning gear o-erations. t has
rate$ ca-acit o" 1(1: 0PM at 6.3 7g8S9./m an$ $riven b 413V, ** 7+ an$ 143G
r-m motor. At 463( r-m, M'P ta>es over the $ut o" A'PN A'P wi!! be switche$ o""
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in auto. #his -um- comes into service in A#' i" !ube oi! hea$er -ressure is !ess
than (.5J8G(.* 7g8S9./m an$ -um- is se!ecte$ in A#'.
n the event o" turbine tri- $ue to an reason, A'P comes into service into o-eration
b inter!oc> when oi! hea$er -ressure $ro-s to (.5J8G(.* 7g8S9./m to su--! !ube
oi! to a!! bearings "or it=s sa"e coasting $own an$ subse9uent #urning gear o-eration.
#his -um- a!so su--!ies suction to the ac>ing oi! -um-s. #he $ischarge o" A'P
-asses through the 0ube 'i! /oo!ers.
Start up Se2uence%
(1.Ensure the "o!!owing
A'P is rea$ "rom Mechanica!, E!ectrica! an$ nstrumentation si$es an$ ' 0ine
/!earance is -en$ing on A'P, governing an$ oi! sstems.Power su--! an$ contro! su--! are avai!ab!e.
Pressure switches an$ inter!oc>s are -ro-er! chec>e$ an$ incor-orate$.
Discharge va!ve is o-ene$.
0eve! o" oi! in M'# is norma!.
Va!ves in oi! sstem su--! mains are -ro-er! !ine$ u-.
Ensure oi! va-or "an is in service ;at !east one the $ischarge -ressure o" -um- an$ motor current.
(4. 7ee- the -um- in auto, in or$er to come in to service in auto as -er the inter!oc>.
(3. 'bserve the !ube oi! "i!ter DP ;I than (.5
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NOTE:
Be"ore changing the "i!ter, o-en air vent E9ua!iing va!ve an$ ensure that both the
"i!ters are e9ua!ie$ with oi!. A"ter change over, c!ose the air vent.
Shutdo"n Se2uence%
As this -um- is inten$e$ "or initia! run u- o" #urbine, this wi!! be switche$ o"" in auto
when turbine s-ee$ is above 463( r-m ;:3O o" rate$ s-ee$
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E1ER&EN+Y OIL P,1P
#he E'P comes into service in the event o" an Emergenc. A D/ motor $rives this. t
has rate$ ca-acit o" *6(0PM against a 1.3 7g8S9.cm hea$ an$ is $riven
b *.* 7+, 13((Gr-m 11(V D/ motor. n the event o" tota! -ower
"ai!ure or i" A'P "ai!s to start on it=s inter!oc> $ue to an reason, E'P
comes into o-eration when !ube oi! hea$er -ressure $ro-s to
(.6*7g8S9.cm to su--! the !ube oi! to the #& bearings "or its sa"e
coasting $own. E'P su--!ies oi! on! to the bearings. #he $ischarge o"
this -um- wi!! not go through oi! coo!ers.
Startup #e2uence%
(1.Ensure the "o!!owing.
E'P is rea$ "rom Mechanica!, E!ectrica! an$ nstrumentation si$es an$ ' 0ine
/!earance is -en$ing on E'P, governing an$ oi! sstems.
D/ Power su--! an$ contro! su--! are avai!ab!e.
Pressure switches an$ inter!oc>s are -ro-er! chec>e$ an$ incor-orate$.
Discharge va!ve is o-ene$.0eve! o" oi! in M'# is norma!
Va!ves in oi! sstem su--! mains are -ro-er! !ine$ u-.
*. +hen the above are satis"ie$, the D/ E'P wi!! start b inter !oc>, i" !ube oi!
hea$er -ressure $ro-s to (.6* 7g8S9./m
). " the inter!oc> $oes not wor>, the -um- can be starte$ b -ressing the start -ush
button on #urbine governor -ane! ;#&P
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Inter !oc5# on EOP%
Auto Start% 0ube oi! hea$er -ressure !ow !ow ;PS00 3(4G1< an$ E'P auto se!ecte$
on #&P then E'P come into service in A#'.
Auto Stop% Auto sto- isn=t incor-orate$.
Manua! start an$ manua! sto- can be $one at an time "rom #&P.
1)
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T,RNIN& &EAR
Be"ore starting o" the turbine an$ as we!! as a"ter tri-, turbine an$ generator sha"ts
are to be rotate$ at certain s-ee$ to avoi$ $e"!ection o" rotor $ue to se!"
weight in high tem-erature atmos-here. #urning &ear is incor-orate$ in
the sstem to "aci!itate this o-eration. n our case, turbine rotates at 4(
r-m in turning gear o-eration. 11 >+, 413V, 143(Gr-m motor, $rives the
turning &ear.
Inter!oc5# on T&1%
Auto StartF #&M comes in to service in A#' *(( secon$s, a"ter the start
-ermissives were satis"ie$ an$ i" it is se!ecte$ in A#'. #he start
-ermissives "or #&M are
#urbine s-ee$ I1(O;4:( r-m<
0ube oi! hea$er -ressure is not !ow ;PS0 3(4
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Pro-er "unctioning o" instruments in$icatingF
A%ia! $is-!acement
A!! turbine, re$uction gear bo%, generator bearing vibrations
A!! bearing meta! tem-eratures
0ube oi! tem-erature an$ -ressure
ac>ing oi! -ressure
#urbine s-ee$
Ensure D/ E'P is hea!th an$ in stan$b mo$e on the &overnor -ane!.
Start A'P as -er the -roce$ure an$ chec> the 0ube oi! -ressure an$ -arameters
mentione$ in -oint 1.c.
#hrott!e the coo!ing water out!et "rom oi! coo!ers an$ maintain oi! tem-erature aroun$
43 Deg./ J8G 3 Deg./
Engage turning gear -inion b rotating the motor sha"t with the !ever "rom !oca!.
Start the turning gear motor ;#PBSSB&M#< an$ chec> the "o!!owingF
#&M current
A%ia! $is-!acement
A!! bearing vibrations#urbine s-ee$
0ube oi! -ressure
t nee$s a--ro%. 1( hours to coo! $own the turbine casing an$ bearings. A"ter turbine
coo!ing -erio$, the #&M ma be sto--e$. A'P 'P shou!$ be continue$ in service
"or another * hours.
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III-+ONDENSER and AIR EVA+,ATION SYSTE1%
+ONDENSER%
/on$enser is a tubu!ar, nonGcontact t-e heat e%changer, which receives the steam
"rom turbine a"ter $oing wor>, an$ con$enses it to "orm con$ensate
using /+ sstem. /on$ensate E%traction -um-s are connecte$ to
con$enser, an$ the wi!! -um- the main con$ensate to Deareator through
E@ector an$ &!an$ Steam /oo!er. #o increase the wor> $one b the
turbine an$ to avoi$ bac>-ressure on #urbine rotor, -ressure insi$e the
con$enser is maintaine$ be!ow atmos-here -ressure ;vacuumeu- DM water nee$e$ "or the sstem is a$$e$ in the
con$enser "rom /?# through orma! an$ Emergenc ma>eu- contro!
va!ve !ines.
Heat trans"er area in con$enser F *4)3 S9.M
umber o" #ubes F 3(16Dia8#hic>ness o" tubes F **.**38(.1mm
Rate$ /+ "!ow F 35(( /u.m8hr
DP across con$enser at rate$ "!owF I3)(( mmwc
AIR EVA+,ATION SYSTE1 /E7ector #(#te)0%
'ne starting E@ector ;Hogging e@ector
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/on$enser is charge$ "rom /+ si$e.
Hot we!! !eve! is norma!.
/EP is running on reGcircu!ation through Main E@ector, &!an$ steam coo!er.
PRDS steam is avai!ab!e at rate$ -ressure an$ tem-erature.
Ensure water sea!ing is -rovi$e$ "or a!! va!ves connecte$ to con$enser an$ vacuum
brea> va!ve.
*. /!ose the "o!!owing va!vesF
Han$ o-erate$ va!ve in air!ine connecte$ to hogging e@ector an$ main e@ectors.
A!! $rain va!ves an$ contro! va!ves connecte$ to con$enser.
/!ose the vacuum brea> va!ve.
). +arm u- the PRDS hea$er b o-ening the $rain va!ves.
4. B o-erating the PRDS -ressure contro! va!ve an$ #em-erature contro! Va!ves
attain the re9uire$ 3. PRDS -ressure an$ #em-eratures.
6. Ensure PRDS steam is avai!ab!e with 57g8S9.cm an$ *1( Deg./
. Start the &S/ e%haust "an.5. /harge the &!an$ steam coo!er.
:. '-en the steam va!ve to the starting e@ector gra$ua!!.
1(. S!ow! o-en the air va!ve an$ watch "or vacuum. A"ter attaining re9uire$ Va!ue,
G(.6 7g8S9./m ma>e rea$ the main e@ector "or 7ee-ing in service.
11. '-en the steam va!ves o" main e@ector s!ow! an$ then o-enGair va!ve an$
$ischarge va!ve.
/harge the g!an$s b o-ening the H'V in g!an$ sea!ing !ine. Ensure #urbine g!an$
sea!ing steam -neumatic contro! va!ve is o-erating an$ &!an$ steam -ressure is
norma! ;(.1 to (.*7g8S9./m ;g
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A"ter attaining 2(.(7g8S9./m ;g< o" vacuum, iso!ate the startu- e@ector b /!osing
air va!ve "irst an$ steam va!ve ne%t. +ith the main e@ector in service we can attain 2
(.: to 2(.:3 7g8 S9./m ;g
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A"ter con$ensing o" E%haust steam in con$enser, con$ensate "orms. #his con$ensate
is -um-e$ to Deareator using /on$ensate E%traction -um-s through Main e@ectors,
&S/. #he $ischarge o" /EP is a!so use$ "or 1. ?!ash bo% attem-eration,*. Va!ve
sea!ing. ?rom /EP $ischarge hea$er one !ine is connecte$ to /?# with Motor
'-erate$ Va!ve, to $rain the e%cess con$ensate "rom the hot we!!.
/'SESA#E E#RA/#' PMPSF
#wo numbers o" /EPs ;one wor>ing an$ one stan$b< are insta!!e$ to -um- the main
con$ensate "rom con$enser to Deareator through main E@ectors an$ g!an$ steam
coo!er. t has rate$ ca-acit to $e!iver 1*3 ME#ER /BE8H'R at 111.6 7g8S9.cm
an$ is $riven b 413V, 143 r-m, 3 7+ motor. As this -um- su--!ies coo!ing
me$ium to Main E@ector an$ &S/, 1((O avai!abi!it o" this -um- is essentia! to run
the -!ant.
STARTIN& OF +EP%
1. /hec> no !ine c!earance is -en$ing on /EP an$ /on$ensate sstem
*. Ensure that hot we!! !eve! is norma! ((mm /?# !eve! is 13((mm.
). Ensure that suction va!ve is o-ene$ an$ DP across suction strainer is I(.)
7g8S9.cm4. Ensure that the Pum- is -rime$ with con$ensate b o-ening air vent. ;+hen there
is no vacuum.<
3. '-en H'V in !ine "rom /EP $ischarge to mechanica! sea!.
6. Ensure that M/ P/V #0/4)(AM in M/ !ine to Deaerator is c!ose$ an$ P/V
in reGcircu!ation !ine is "u!! o-ene$.
. Ensure that the $ischarge va!ve ;H'V< is c!ose$.
5. Ensure M'V #PB'/MV)3( in /EP she!! /?# !ine is in c!ose$ con$ition.
:. Ensure that E!ectrica! su--! is avai!ab!e.
1(.Ensure that va!ve sea!ing !ine is through to suction va!ves.
11.'-en /EP air remova! !ine va!ve to con$enser.1*./hec> the !ube oi! !eve! in the bearing oi! cu-.
1).Start the Pum- "rom D/S.
14./hec> $isch. Pressure, Motor current, Brg. tem- an$ hot we!! !eve!.
13.'-en M/ P/V gra$ua!! an$ maintain the $ischarge -ressure above 5.(
7g8S9.cm.
1:
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SH,T DOWN SE8,EN+E%
+hen there is no vacuum in /on$enser, the -um- can be sto--e$ b >ee-ing the
Pum- in reGcircu!ation.
WHAT NOT TO DO%1. Don=t a!!ow an !ea>age in suction si$e.
*. Don=t o-en an va!ve, "itting, "!ange in the suction si$e.
n norma! wor>ing con$ition ;/on$enser is in vacuum b -ass.
4. +hi!e c!eaning suction strainer o" stan$ b /EP, ensure the c!ose$ -osition o"
the res-ective suction, $ischarge va!ves, air remova! va!ve to con$enser, a!! $rain
va!ves between -um- suction, $ischarge va!ves an$ o-en -osition o" suction
va!ve sea!ing !ine va!ve.
A,TO +HAN&E OVER OF +EP%1. /hec> no !ine c!earance is -en$ing on stan$b /EP.1. Stan$b -um- shou!$ be se!ecte$ in A#'C mo$e in D/S.
*. Suction an$ $ischarge va!ves shou!$ be in o-en -osition.
). H'V in !ine "rom /EP $ischarge to mechanica! sea! is in o-en
-osition.
Inter!oc5# on +EP%
1. +hen hot we!! !eve! Hi switch ;#0#)((A1< is acte$ ;con$. 0eve! 1((( mm
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"rom the turbine at high -ressure an$ tem-erature an$ heats the "ee$ water "!ows
through them. #he con$ense$ steam "rom HP heater are connecte$ to con$enser an$
$eareator res-ective!.
#he -resence o" certain gases !i>e o%gen, carbon mono%i$e an$ ammonia, $isso!ve$
in water is harm"u! because o" their corrosive attac> on meta!s. Hence these gases are
remove$ in $eareator unit. S-raing the water an$ heating the same b steam achieve
the same. #he Deaerator consists o" two chambers, the $eareating co!umn an$ "ee$
storage tan>.
HP heater charging procedure%
1. Ensure o-en -osition o" air remova! !ine to con$enser
*. Ensure ?ee$ water is charge$ through HP heater
). Ensure e%traction !ine $rain va!ves be"ore an$ a"ter /hec> va!ve are in o-en
-osition.
4. '-en the e%traction chec> va!ve o" HP Heater
3. '-en the HPH e%traction motor o-erate$ va!ve6. Maintain the heater !eve! b o-erating HPH !eve! contro! va!ve to /on$enser u-
to 37g8s9.cm e%traction steam -ressure, an$ at above 3 7g8s9.cm -ressure
maintain the HPH !eve! b o-erating the !eve! contro! va!ve to Deareator..
. A"ter charging o" heater c!ose the $rains be"ore an$ a"ter chec> va!ve.
oteF 1. Do not charge the heater with out water "!owing through them
1. During cut out o" heater, c!ose steam va!ve "irst.
+harging procedure or Deaerator%
/harge the De aerator. a"ter 1( M+ !oa$ it can be charge$ "rom its e%traction !ine.
'-en $rains be"ore an$ a"ter HPH e%traction chec> va!ve
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'-en HPH e%traction chec> va!ve
'-en HPH e%traction b-ass to Deareator M'V
Maintain the Deaerator -ressure at 4.: to 3.( >g8s9.cm b o-erating the Deareator
-ressure contro! va!ve.
A"ter charging o" Deaerator c!ose the $rains be"ore an$ a"ter chec> va!ve.
/harging o" Deaerator "rom its e%traction !ine
'-en $rains be"ore an$ a"ter Deareator e%traction chec> va!ve
'-en Deaerator e%traction chec> va!ve
'-en Deaerator e%traction M'V an$ c!ose the HPH e%traction b-ass to Deaerator
M'V
Maintain the Deaerator -ressure b o-erating the Deareator -ressure contro! va!ve.
A"ter charging o" Deaerator c!ose the $rains be"ore an$ a"ter chec> va!ve.
/hec> the "o!!owing $uring increase o" -ressure in DeareatorF
1. Deareator e%-an$s "ree!.
*. o abnorma! hammering is there in the -i-e !ine.
). Steam an$ air mi%ture is being vente$ through the vent !ine.4. o ma@or steam8water !ea>ages are there.
oteF Do ot De!a n /harging Deaerator A"ter /harging '" 0P Heater.
V- Tur$ine &!and Sea!ing S(#te)%
" the -ressure at the turbine c!in$er ;/asing< is higher than the atmos-here
-ressure, there wi!! be a !ea>age o" steam ;"rom c!earance between rotor an$ stator o"
turbine< into atmos-here causes wastage o" steam. #he -ressure is !ess than the
atmos-heric -ressure there wi!! be ingression o" air into con$enser causing "a!!ing o"
vacuum. #o avoi$ this -rob!em g!an$ sea!ing is -rovi$e$ with *(( (/ tem-erature an$
(.1Gto (.*G>g8s9.cm steam. 'ne )Gwa -neumatic contro! va!ve is -rovi$e$ "or this
-ur-ose.
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During turbine ro!!ing an$ u- to 1(M+ !oa$ the au%. Steam with 57g8s9.cmN 15( (/
is being use$ "or sea!ing. A"ter 1(M+ !oa$, the turbine HP g!an$ !ea> o"" steam is
being use$ "or turbine 0P g!an$ sea!ing. #o co!!ect an$ con$ense the g!an$ !ea> o""
steam "rom turbine "ront an$ rear g!an$s, g!an$ steam -i-ing an$ g!an$ steam coo!er
are -rovi$e$. #urbine g!an$s are to be sea!e$ with g!an$ steam $uring vacuum -u!!ing
a"ter attaining ;2< (.(7g8s9.cm ;g< vacuum in con$enser.
A"ter tri- o" turbine, to >i!! the vacuum sto- the g!an$s sea!ing b c!osing the han$
o-erate$ va!ve be"ore ) 2 wa -neumatic contro! va!ve.
VI- +o!d9 War) and Hot #tart o Tur$ine:
+o!d Start O Tur$ine
#urbine start u- is terme$ as co!$ start u-, i" it is being starte$ 1( to 1* hours a"ter
shut$own or the meta! tem-erature is g8s9.cm an$ )3( $eg /. However, accor$ing to the site con$itions, we
are ab!e to achieve 4( 7g 4(( $eg /.
An average increase rate o" meta! tem-erature o" MS !ine, ESV, #urbine chest an$
#urbine casing, shou!$ not to e%cee$ given va!ues as be!ow.Meta! tem-erature increase rate o" meta! tem-. Deg.c8min.
1(( $eg / to *(( $eg / 4.(
*(( $eg / to )(( $eg / ).(
)(( $eg / to 4(( $eg / *.(
4(( $eg / to 3(( $eg / 1.(
3(( $eg / to 313 $eg / (.6
#he ma%imum increase rate o" meta! tem-erature o" the ms connecting -i-e shou!$
not e%cee$ 13$eg.c8min.
. Ensure the "o!!owingF
o !ine c!earance is -en$ing on #& set.
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Boi!er is steaming an$ steam is avai!ab!e.
A!! #& inter!oc>s an$ -rotections are chec>e$ an$ chec>ing o" a!! motor o-erate$
va!ves, Pneumatic
'-erate$ contro! va!ves c!osing an$ o-ening is com-!ete$.
#& instrumentation 8 annunciation sstem is '7. Root va!ves to transmitter !ines are
in o-en
Position.
D/ su--! is hea!th "or E'P an$ trai! run was ta>en.
M'# !eve! is norma!.
'verhea$ tan> !eve! is norma!.
Auto start o" E'P, /'P G 1*, A'P, are chec>e$.
. /arr out re!ate$ o-erations an$ ensure the "o!!owing
A'P'P are running as -er the -roce$ure.
/'P is running as -er the -roce$ure.
E'P is se!ecte$ in stan$b mo$e on the &overnor -ane!.
'i! "!ow is norma! through the bearings ;observe "rom sight g!ass
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/hec> the set -ressure o" sea!ing steam ;P/ 1(< is (.1 to (.*7g8S9./m ;g< then
o-en the sea!ing
Steam H'V.
A"ter attaining (.3 7g8S9./m ;a< -ressure in con$enser, o-en the $rains in e%traction
!ines to
remove the /on$ensate in the -i-e!ines.
Ensure the "o!!owing $rains are o-en
Drain be"ore MSV ;# va!ves an$ M'Vs are in c!ose$ -osition.
Meanwhi!e, attain con$enser vacuum to G(.: 7g8S9.cm ;g an$ recor$ the "o!!owing #urbovisor rea$ingsF
Rotor a%ia! $is-!acement#herma! e%-ansion ;0oca! measurement<
#urbine, Re$uction &ear an$ &enerator rotor vibrations
#urbine s-ee$
M'# !eve!
0ube oi! -ressure an$ tem-erature
A!! bearing tem-eratures
/asing meta! tem-erature
MS -ressure an$ tem-erature
&!an$ steam -ressure an$ tem-erature
/on$enser vacuum
PRDS -ressure an$ tem-erature
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Ensure main steam !ine is warme$ u-to MSV ;# !ube oi! -ressure, tri- oi! -ressure, contro! oi! -ressure an$ !ube oi!
tem-eratures.
/hec> the autoGstan$b -osition o" /'P, E'P.
'-en the ESV b -ressing the #urbine ResetC button on #&P. /hec> the o-en "ee$
bac> on #&P an$ warm u- the chest at !east *( min. #his is tentative, ensure the chest
$rain tem-. is e9ua! to the MS meta! tem-.
Ensure the Hotness o" ESV an$ #urbine /hest $rains.
/hec> A'P #urning &ear are in service an$ se!ecte$ in auto.
'-en the MSV ;#< be"ore going to ro!! the turbine.
Start the #urbine ro!!ing b -ressing the S#AR#C button on #&P. #he governor wi!!acce!erate the s-ee$ o" the turbo generator an$ ho!$ it at i$!e s-ee$ 3( r-m. During
the s-ee$ rise, chec> "or #urning gear motor sto- at the set r-m ; 1(O o" rate$ r-m an$ recor$ the sha"t vibrations an$ a%ia! $is-!acement monitor on #&P.
/hec> whether the turbine casing e%-ansion has starte$ an$ its -ointer is moving on
!oca! sca!e, near turbine "ront bearing.
A"ter ensuring e%-ansion b 1.( to 1.3mm, Press the RA#ED SPEEDC button on
#&P. #he governor wi!! acce!erate the s-ee$ o" the turbine generator automatica!! to
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45: r-m. 'bserve "or the bearing vibrations in the /ritica! s-ee$ range "rom 163( 2
*(3( r-m.
/hec> A'P are sto--e$ at :3O;463( r-m< res-ective!.
Start the /# "ans be"ore snchroniing the generator as "or the -roce$ure.
Snchronie the generator with the &RD as -er the -roce$ure.
ncrease the !oa$ on generator to ) M+.
/!ose a!! the MS $rains.
&ra$ua!! increase the !oa$ ;not more than 1.(mw8min< b means o" SPEED80'AD
SE##&C !ever on #&P or &enerator contro! -ane!.
At 6.( M+ !oa$, o-erator can se!ect "or !oa$ contro! when connecte$ with gri$.
Steam tra-s o" ESV, #urbine /asing, #urbine /hest $rains shou!$ be >e-t in service
an$ c!ose the b-ass va!ves.
Ensure the Steam tra-s are wor>ing or not. " the are not wor>ing o-en the b-ass
va!ve s!ight!.
&ra$ua!! increase the !oa$ as -er the !oa$ing -roce$ureC.
A"ter -ara!!e!ing with both the boi!ers gra$ua!! increase the !oa$ to )(M+ as -er the
-roce$ure.
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War) #tart up and Hot #tart up
#urbine start u- is terme$ as +arm startu-C i" it is being starte$ ) to 4 hours a"ter
tri- o" turbine. #urbine start u- is terme$ as Hot Startu-C i" it is being starte$ with
in * hours a"ter tri- o" the turbine. ?o!!ow the -roce$ure "or the co!$ startu- u-to
s-ee$ u- to i$!e s-ee$ ;i.e 3( r-ming at the i$!e s-ee$. Ensure that casing e%-ansion has starte$ "rom !oca! sca!e
$uring soa>ing than -revious con$ition. A"ter ensuring that casing e%-ansion has
starte$, then give comman$ "or Rate$ S-ee$. MS tem-erature shou!$ be maintaine$
3( (/ more than MS s>in 8 MS tem-.at #urbine in!et. ;Sub@ecte$ to o-erating
tem-erature 2 3)( (/ at #urbine in!et.<
?or warm an$ hot startu- "o!!owing -arameters can be maintaine$.
" the meta! tem-eratures are in!et steam -arameters must be
)(($eg.c ;warm< 4(>g8s9 cm an$ 4(( $eg.c
)3($eg.c 3(>g8s9 cm an$ 43( $eg.c4(($eg.c 63>g8s9 cm an$ 45( $eg.c
43($eg.c 3>g8s9 cm an$ 3(( $eg.c
During an start o" turbine, $o not "orget to o-en a!! the #urbine $rains.
VII- Loading o Tur$ine%
A"ter snchroniing the turbo generator with gri$ the minimum !oa$ to be maintaine$
is 4M+.
/hec> a!! #urbovisor instrument rea$ings are norma!.
/hec> rise o" turbine casing meta! tem-erature an$ its casing e%-ansion.
Ensure smooth running o" #urbine.
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Raise the !oa$ at (.3M+ increment ;1.(mw8min< b observing MS -ressure an$
tem-erature at turbine in!et.
At above 6 M+ !oa$ ta>e &enerator LAutomatic Power contro!= in to service.
At 5M+ stab!e !oa$ charge the Deareator as -er the -roce$ure.
At 1* M+ stab!e !oa$ charge the HP heater as -er the -roce$ure.
I6- P!anned and E)ergenc( Shutdo"n o Tur$ine%
P!anned #hut do"n%
Re$uce the !oa$ on #& gra$ua!! to ) M+, b o-erating the !oa$8 s-ee$ switch on
&/P.
+hen !oa$ is at 1* M+ cut o"" HP Heater.
+hen !oa$ is at 5 M+ cut o"" Deaerator.
'-en generator brea>er as -er the -roce$ure.
Manua!! shut $own the turbine ;$ece!erate the turbine s-ee$ b -ressing theRemote #ri-C button on #&P va!ves an$ e%traction motor o-erate$ va!ves ;M'Vs< got
c!ose$ on inter!oc>.
'-en a!! the Be"ore Q/Vs $rains.
/!ose HP heater $ri- to $eaerator con$enser contro! va!ves an$ 0P heater $ri- to
con$enser.
'-en MS $rains to atmos-here.
Ensure /'Ps, A'P, 'Ps, #&M turns to A#' se!ection on inter!oc> at :3O s-ee$.
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'bserve A'P to start in auto when !ube oi! hea$er -ressure $ro-s to (.5J8G(.*
7g8S9./m. " it is not starte$, start the -um- manua!! an$ observe $ischarge
-ressure.
Ensure #&M starts in auto at I1(O s-ee$ with time $e!a o" 13( secon$s. " it is not
starte$, engage the turning gear manua!! at (C r-m o" the turbine an$ start #&M
"rom D/S.
+hen the shut $own -erio$ is !ess than 1.( hour, maintain the vacuum in con$enser.
During this -erio$, ensure that g!an$ sea! e%haust "ans are in continuous service an$
the PRDS -arameters shou!$ be re$uce$ to .(>g8s9.cm 13($eg.c gra$ua!! i.e
3$eg.c8min.
+hen the shut $own -erio$ is more than 1.( hour, >i!! the vacuum in con$enser b
o-ening the vacuum brea> va!ve. Be"ore o-ening the vacuum brea> va!ve, ma>e sure
that han$ o-erate$ va!ve in g!an$ sea!ing steam su--! !ine is c!ose$ an$ iso!ate the
Main e@ector as -er -roce$ure.
Be"ore >i!!ing the vacuum c!ose a!! the Be"ore Q/Vs $rains.
1. Sto- /'P as -er the -roce$ure.*. Run the /+ -um- * hours.
). Run the /EP in recircu!ation aroun$ 4 hours.
4. Run the &S/ E%haust "an aroun$ 4 hours.
3. #he coasting $own -erio$ o" the turbine wi!! be a--ro%imate! *( minutes.
6. orma! #&M o-eration -erio$ is 1( hours a"ter tri- o" turbine as -er SM
manua!, as -er SM Engineer nstructions it is a!so a measurement o" /asing
E%-ansion shou!$ be I* mm on !oca! in$icator but -ractica!! it is ta>ing 14 to
*( hours to coo! $own the turbine casing, rotor an$ the bearings.
. A"ter coo!ing $own -erio$, sto- #&M an$ run the A'P, 'VE "ans "urther *
hours.
)(
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5. A"ter ensuring the bearing Babbitt, oi! in!et an$ $rain oi! tem-erature becomes
near e9ua!. Sto- A'P, +hen A'P is sto--e$ E'P wi!! start in auto. Sto- E'P
"rom #&P.
:. Sto- ;'VE?< oi! va-our "an.
Emergenc Shut Down
1. n case o" emergenc, the turbine can be sto--e$ b either o" the "o!!owing
metho$s.
LRemote tri-= button on #&P an$ &/P.
LManua! tri- coc>= !ever "rom "ront bearing ;i.e Han$ #ri-<
#urbine tri- "rom Des> -ush button.
(*. ?or the Emergenc shut$own $ue to abnorma!it o" M8/ or tri--ing o" the #& on
-rotection "o!!owing ste-s are to be ta>enF
Ensure ESV, MSV ;#< are c!ose$, a!! e%traction M'Vs, e%traction chec> va!vesEnsure /'Ps, A'P, 'Ps, #&M turns to A#' se!ection on inter!oc>.
Ensure A'P has starte$ on 0ube oi! -ressure !ow inter!oc>.
Ensure #&M starte$ in A#' as -er the inter!oc>
" re9uire$ >i!! the vacuum as -er the -roce$ure.
/ontinue A'P, #&M, &S/ e%haust "an, 'VE "an, /EP, /+ -um-s in service as -er
the -roce$ure.
(). ?o!!ow the activities mentione$ in the above P!anne$ Shut$ownC.
WOR: INSTR,+TIONS
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6- E)ergenc( condition# during Tur$ine Operation%
#he "o!!owing emergenc con$itions ma occur $uring #urbine o-eration. #he
turbine o-erator shou!$ a!was be rea$ to ta>e correct $ecision an$ act as -er the
o-erating -roce$ures. t is a!so necessar that he shou!$ >now about the boi!ers
!oa$ing status, #ieG "ee$ers -ositions, im-ort an$ e%-ort -ower $etai!s in his shi"t.
a. #ota! -ower "ai!ure
b. s!an$ mo$e o-eration
c. An one boi!er tri-
$. D/S "ai!ure
a- Tota! po"er ai!ure%
During tota! -ower "ai!ure, there wi!! be no -ower su--! to the A/ $rives ;B?P, /+
A/+ -um-s, /EPs, /'Ps, A'P, #urning &ear, 'i! Va-or E%haust ?ans &S/E%haust ?ans
o-eratorF
n"orm to #urbine "ie!$ o-erator about tota! -ower "ai!ure an$ subse9uent o-erations
to be carrie$ out.
Ensure ESV is c!ose$ an$ E%traction chec> va!ves are c!ose$ on inter!oc>. " not,
c!ose them "rom D/S.
/hec> E'P starts on inter!oc> at I (.6* 7g8S9./m. " not, start E'P "rom #&P.
/!ose the "o!!owing contro! va!vesF
orma! Emer. Ma>e u- va!ves b observing the con$enser !eve!
PRDS -ressure contro! va!ve to iso!ate the e@ectors an$ g!an$s.
PRDS tem-erature contro! va!ve
0PH $ri- /V to /on$enser.
HPH $ri- /V to /on$enser
HPH $ri- /V to Deaerator
Deaerator -ressure contro! va!ve to $e-ressurie the Deaerator.
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/!ose the so!ation va!ves in PRDS Pressure /V an$ #em-erature /V. /!ose H'Vs in
air an$ steam !ines o" E@ector "rom !oca!.
/!ose H' iso!ation va!ve in &!an$ sea!ing !ine.
/!ose a!! $rain va!ves connecte$ to con$enser. An$ o-en Vacuum brea> va!ve.
A"ter restoring the Emergenc D& set -ower, c!ose the "o!!owing va!vesF
A!! three e%traction M'Vs
Main steam sto- va!ve ;#urbine<
Discharge va!ve o" B?P
Start A'P a"ter in"orming to Switchgear o-erator.
Start 'P as -er the -roce$ure.
A"ter turbine reaches to I1(O o" rate$ RPM start #&M as -er the -roce$ure.
?ie!$ '-erator=s $ut $uring tota! -ower "ai!ureF
/!ose iso!ation va!ves o" PRDS Pressure /V an$ #em-erature /V.
/!ose Main e@ector air va!ves an$ steam va!ves.
Ensure E'P is starte$ an$ 0ube oi! -ressure is norma!.
/!ose H'V in g!an$ sea!ing !ine./!ose $ischarge va!ves o" /+ -um-s.
/!ose a!! $rains connecte$ to con$enser. Ensure turbine g!an$ sea!ing steam
-neumatic contro! va!ve is o-erating an$ g!an$ steam -ressure is norma! ;(.1 to
(.*7g8S9./m ;g
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#he "o!!owing -roce$ure is to be "o!!owe$F
0oa$ $ro-s 8 rises as -er the ?AP $eman$. #he turbine rotor s-ee$ an$ MS -ressure at
turbine in!et wi!! change.
Maintain the &enerator ?re9uenc at 3(H b changing the turbine s-ee$ "rom
!oa$8s-ee$ changeC !ever "rom #&P.
Ensure the steam being su--!ie$ "rom the Boi!er is su""icient to generate the !oa$ on
the turbine. " steam "!ow is !ess, MS -ressure wi!! $ro-. As> shi"t engineer to
$ecrease the !oa$ on ?AP to the suitab!e !imits.
'bserve the turbovisor rea$ings !i>e a%ia! shi"t, a!! bearing vibrations, a!! bearing
tem-erature an$ casing e%-ansion "or an change. Do not a!!ow MS tem- to "a!!
shar-!.
0P heater !eve!s, HP heater !eve!s an$ Deareator -ressure ma $isturb $ue to !oa$
"!uctuations. /ontro! the above -arameters in manua! mo$e.
- D+S ai!ure condition%
/ourse o" action "or turbine $es> o-erator an$ "ie!$ o-erator, when tota! D/S /R#=s
are not avai!ab!e- O$tain the in#truction# to run or to trip the unit ro) &1 /PP0;D&1 /Os ma wor>.
Ensure turbine !oa$ 8 MS -ressure contro! remains in Auto mo$e.
MS -ressure, #urbine RPM, &overnor va!ve actuator -osition can be monitore$ "rom
+''D +ARDC sstem.
Monitor an$ /ontro! PRDS -ressure an$ tem-erature "rom !oca!.
/on$enser !eve! shou!$ be monitore$ "rom !oca! gauge g!ass.
Deaerator !eve! has to be monitore$ "rom !oca! gauge g!ass.
/EP $ischarge -ressure shou!$ be observe$ "orm !oca! -ressure transmeter an$ gauge.
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'bserve HP, 0P, Deareator e%traction -ressures "rom !oca! -ressure transmitters.
0P, HP heater !eve!s to be monitore$ "rom !oca! gauge g!ass an$ !eve! transmeter
ana!og in$ication.
'bserve !ube oi! -ressure, governing oi! -ressure, tri- oi! -ressure, M'# !eve!,
vacuum an$ &!an$ steam -ressure !oca! gauges8transmitters.
Maintain the same !oa$.
'bserve B?P -arameters "rom !oca!. n"orm to Boi!er o-erator to maintain constant
"ee$ water "!ow
Procedure to $e o!!o"ed to trip the tur$ine%
" an abnorma!it is "oun$ $uring this -erio$ tri- the turbine as -er the -roce$ure
givenF
n"orm the Boi!er o-erator about tri--ing.
#ri- the turbine "rom !oca! han$ tri- !ever or remote tri- "rom #&P.
Ensure ESV, a!! e%traction chec> va!ves an$ e%traction M'Vs c!ose$ "rom #&P an$
!oca!.
Ensure A'P 8 'P 8 #&M has starte$ in se9uence as -er the inter!oc>. " not startthem as -er -roce$ure "rom M//. " A'P has not starte$ in A#', Start E'P "rom
start -ush button on #&P.
so!ate the PRDS station b c!osing the PRDS -ressure /V an$ #em-erature /V
iso!ation han$ o-erate$ va!ves.
so!ate the &!an$ sea!ing !ine b c!osing the han$Go-erate$ va!ve in &S su--! !ine.
/!ose 0P heater an$ HP heater $rains to con$enser /Vs iso!ation va!ves.
/ontinue A'P, /'P, , #&M, 'VE?, &S/E?, /EP, /+ Pum-s, A/+ Pum- to run.
Sto- the B?P a"ter ta>ing c!earance "rom Boi!er o-erator "rom !oca!. ;A"ter bo% u- o"
boi!er<
Run the /EP in com-!ete ReGcircu!ation.
/ut o"" the !ube oi! coo!ers i" necessar.
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Ensure &!an$s sea!ing steam contro! va!ve is "unctioning norma!!
Ensure the -arameters o" turbine an$ its au%i!iaries are within the !imits
/hec> the sea!ing water to /on$enser connecte$ va!ves are given
/hec> starting e@ector air va!ve an$ vacuum brea> va!ve are tight! c!ose$
Ensure that a!! instruments "unctioning -ro-er!
Ensure that stan$b A/+ an$ stan$ b /EP $ischarge va!ves are in o-en
-osition.
DON=T#
1. Do not o-erate the turbine, an e9ui-ment b-assing the inter!oc>s
*. Do not o-erate the turbine with high vibration va!ues an$ high bearing
tem-eratures con$itions
). Do not a!!ow su$$en $ro- or rise in MS tem-erature an$ MS -ressures.
4. Do not start the vacuum -u!!ing with out turbine on #urning &ear o-eration
3. Do not start the &!an$s charging with out turbine on #urning &ear o-eration
6. Do not continue turbine on #&M o-eration i" unusua! soun$ 8 vibration comes
"rom g!an$ sea!, bearings etc.
. Do not o-erate the turbine with 0'+ main oi! tan> !eve!s.
5. Do not start the #&M with out 'ver hea$ oi! tan> !eve! norma!
:. Do not start the #urbine with out 'ver hea$ oi! tan> !eve! norma!
1(.Do not start the #&M with out running the A'P'P.
11.Do not run 0ube oi! sstem with out running the oi! va-or e%haust "an.
1*.Don=t run 'i! va-or E%haust ?an when M'# !eve! is high.
1).Do not a!!ow hot rotor to stan$ with out ro!!ing ;with out #&M o-eration<
14.Do not over!oo> abnorma!it in an im-ortant rea$ing
13.Do not "orget to chec> stan$ b -osition an$ hea!thiness o" D/ E'P
16.Do not a!!ow an !ea>age in the suction si$e o" the /EPs.
1.Do not start the /EP with out o-ening o" Air remova! an$ &!an$ sea!ing.
)
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15.Do not o-en an va!ve, "itting, "!ange in the suction si$e o" /EPs in norma!
wor>ing con$ition. +hen con$enser is in vacuum this wi!! cause vacuum to
$ro- an$ -um- ;/EP< to !oose its suction.
1:.+hi!e c!eaning suction strainer o" stan$ b /EP, ensure c!osure o" suction
va!ve.
*(.Do not >ee- the steam va!ve o" main e@ector o-en "or !ong time i" con$ensate
"!ow is not there through main e@ector.
*1.Do not run the turbine with o-en or un tightene$ "!anges on oi! tan>, oi! -i-ing,
steam -i-ing. etc.
**.Don=t charge the PRDS !ine without c!osing the #urbine &!an$s so!ation
Va!ve.
*).Do not o-en the Vacuum brea> va!ve with out so!ating the &!an$s so!ation
va!ve an$ Steam !ines connecte$ to /on$enser.
BOILER FEED P,1P%
n therma! -ower -!ant cc!e the "ee$ -um-s are -!ace$ in the "ee$ water sstem an$
are inten$e$ to $e!iver the "ee$ water to the boi!er. 1((O avai!abi!it o" these -um-sare essentia! to run the -!ant.
#his -um- $e!ivers "ee$ water at higher -ressure against boi!er resistance, through
"ee$ contro! station. #he "ee$ contro! station regu!ates the "ee$ water "!ow accor$ing
to $rum !eve!.
#wo numbers o" $i""user t-e boi!er "ee$ -um-s su--!ie$ b 7SP ma>e, are insta!!e$
here. #he B?Ps are rate$ to $e!iver each 13( cu.m8hr. "ee$ water against a hea$ o"
1*3 M!c an$ is $riven b )( 7+, *:5(Gr-m motor.
8#echnica! Data8
#-e o" -um- F Di""user ?ee$ water tem-erature F 135 Deg./
?!ow rate F 166 #PH
Deve!o-e$ hea$ F 1*53 M!c
S-ee$ F *:5( r-m
et -ositive suction hea$ F 3.5m!c
Recircu!ation "!ow F 4( #PH
Direction o" Rotation F //+ "rom Motor DE.
)5
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STARTIN& OF BFP%
Ensure no !ine c!earance is -en$ing on B?P, its au%i!iaries an$ its connecting -i-ing
an$ va!ves. Ensure su--! to the Motor is avai!ab!e.
Ensure Deaerator !eve! is norma! an$ /EP is in service to maintain its !eve!./hec> the !ube oi! !eve!s o" -um- DE DE bearings.
Ensure A/+ -um- is in service.
#he in!et an$ out!et va!ves o" A/+ water to B?P shou!$ be in o-en -osition an$
chec> the A/+ -ressure at B?P is *.3 7g8 S9.cm
#he "o!!owing in!et an$ out!et va!ves shou!$ be in o-en -ositionF G
a. Pum- DE si$e G #hrust bearing housing
Stu""ing bo%
Sea! water coo!er
b. Pum- DE si$e G ourna! bearing housing
Stu""ing bo%
SSea! water coo!er
Ensure the "ee$ water sstem is through to HP Heater.
Ensure o-en -osition o" suction va!ve o" B?P.
Ensure $ischarge va!ve is in c!ose$ -osition.
/hec> that han$Go-erate$ va!ves ;* nos< in ba!ancing !ea> o"" !ine ;one is at -um-
an$ another at Deareator tan>< are in o-en -osition./hec> the H'V in recircu!ation !ine ;at Deareator tan>< is in o-en -osition.
Ensure a!! iso!ation va!ves in im-u!se !ines are o-en.
Ensure the !oca! Push Button is re!ease$.
/!ose the warm u- va!ves "or starting the -um-.
Ensure that PRDS Attem-eration is iso!ate$ "rom B?P $ischarge.
/!ose the warm u-.
Start the Pum- "rom D/S an$ >ee- the -um- in recircu!ation "or * minutes an$
observe the "o!!owingF
a. Suction $ischarge -ressures. b. Suction $ischarge tem-eratures.
c. Bearing tem-eratures.
$. Sea! water tem-eratures.
e. Di""erentia! -ressure across the suction strainer.
". Ba!ancing !ea> o"" reGcircu!ation !ine -ressures.
g. Motor currents.
h. An abnorma! soun$s.
):
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i. 0ube oi! !eve!s in bearing cu-s.
'-en the $ischarge va!ve "rom contro! room D/S.
Ensure ba!ancing !ea> o"" -ressure is higher than suction -ressure.
'bserve the -arameters in -oint no 16.
Shut do"n #e2uence%
1. /!ose the $ischarge va!ve.
*. 7ee- the Pum- in reGcircu!ation.
). Sto- the Pum- "rom /ontro! room.
NOTE>
1. 'bserve Motor currents shou!$n=t e%cee$ 4 am-s.*. +hen the Motor currents have crosse$ 4 am-s an$ ten$ing to increase,
in"orm Shi"t n charge or Boi!er Des> '-erator.
). Don=t a!!ow the Pum- to start or run with Protection inter!oc> b-ass.
WHAT NOT TO DO%
1. Don=t c!ose the va!ves in reGcircu!ation an$ ba!ancing !ea> o"" !ines
*. Don=t a!!ow the B?P to run when the bearing tem-eratures e%cee$s5( $eg.
). Don=t run the Pum- without A/+ -um- is in service.4. Don=t a!!ow the Pum- to run when the sea! water tem-. E%cee$s the !imit.
;5( $eg<
3. Don=t switch on the -um- $uring $ischarge va!ve is in o-en -osition.
STARTIN& PER1ISSIVES%
Ensure the "o!!owing -ermissive at D/S 0oca!.
1. Discharge va!ve is in c!ose$ -osition.
*. Deaerator !eve! is not !ow :((mm). DP across suction strainer is not high.
PROTE+TIONS FOR BFP%
a. Deaerator !eve! !ow F I 4((mm.
b. B?P suction -ressure !ow ;tri- not incor-orate$
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SH,T DOWN SE8,EN+E%
1. /!ose the $ischarge va!ve.
*. Switch o"" the Motor.
STARTIN& PER1ISSIVES%
1. /+ Sum- !eve! is *5(( mm.
PROTE+TIONS%
1. Sum- !eve! !ow !ow. ;Va!ue not incor-orate$.<
I1PORTANT NOTE%
1. Don=t start the Pum- >ee-ing Discharge va!ve in o-en -osition.
*. Maintain sum- !eve! between *5(( an$ )((( mm.
). +hen both the -um-s are in service, ensure that at !east two riser va!ves must be
in o-en -osition.
4. Discharge va!ve o" the stan$ b -um- shou!$ be in c!ose$ -osition.3. Don=t a!!ow the -um- to start or run with -rotection inter!oc> b-ass.
4*
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DES7 'PERA#'RS &DEF
The o!!o"ing are the Protection# /Trip 'a!ue#0 o the Tur$ine%
1. Steam tem-erature at turbine in!et high high 34) Deg./
*. Steam tem-. at turbine in!et !ow !ow I 46($eg/, this -rotection comes in to
service on! when MS tem-erature reaches to 4:3 $eg / an$ then "a!!s to 46(.
). Steam -ressure at turbine in!et !ow !ow I 6( >g8s9.cm ;ma be b-asse$ initia!!
"or /o!$ an$ +arm start u-s i" re9uire$.<
4.Steam -ressure at turbine in!et high high 1()>g8s9.cm ;not incor-orate$ -ush button.1). E%haust steam -ressure high high 1.) 7g8S9.cm ;abs<
14. E%haust steam #em-erature high high 13( $eg/
13. 0ube oi! reservoir !eve! ;M'#< !ow !ow I )3( mm.
16. Hot we!! !eve! !ow !ow I )((mm
1. Hot we!! high high 14(( mm
15. #urbine Rotor a%ia! shi"t high high J(.63, G(.63 mm.
1:. #urbine "ront sha"t vibration high high :( microns
*(. #urbine rear sha"t vibration high high :( microns
*1. Re$uction gear -inion "ront sha"t vibration high high 14( microns
**. Re$uction gear -inion rear sha"t vibration high high 14( microns
*). Re$uction gear whee! "ront sha"t vibration high high 15( microns
4)
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*4. Re$uction gear whee! rear sha"t vibration high high 15( microns
*3. &enerator "ront sha"t vibration high high 16( microns
*6. &enerator rear sha"t vibration high high 16( microns
*. #urbine thrust bearing tem-erature high high ;inactive< 1*( Deg./
*5. #urbine thrust bearing tem-erature high high ;active< 1*( Deg./
*:. #urbine "ront sha"t bearing tem-erature high high 1*( $eg/
)(. #urbine rear sha"t bearing tem-erature high high 1*( $eg/
)1. Re$uction &ear -inion "ront bearing tem-erature high high 1*( $eg/
)*. Re$uction &ear -inion rear bearing tem-erature high high 1*( $eg/
)). Re$uction &ear whee! "ront bearing tem-erature high high 1*( $eg/
)4. Re$uction &ear whee! rear bearing tem-erature high high 1*( $eg/
)3. &enerator "ront bearing tem-erature high high 53 $eg/
)6. &enerator rear bearing tem-erature high high 53 $eg/
). HP heater !eve! high high *:(mm. ;Protection shou!$ be b-asse$ $uring
charging o" HP heater.< not incor-orate$.
ANNE6,RE*I9 Tur$o &enerator Set * A!ar)# and Trip 'a!ue#
S.N Tag No De!"#$%#o& o' Tag No" Lo (# LL HH;Trip +onden#ate S(#te)
01 TPT106 Exhaust steam press.(Vacuum) Kg/Sq.cm (abs)
0.086 0.05 0. 0.0! 0.5/1.)
0! TT"800 #$ Temperature at #%&'
"/1 *eg.c
0 !6 + !5 6
0 TT"801 #$ Temperature at #%&',/1 *eg.c
)* )+ +2 )) ++
0+ TT"80! #$ Temperature at #%&'"/! *eg.c
0 !6 + !5 6
05 TT"80 #$ Temperature at #%&',/! *eg.c
)* )+ +2 )) ++
44
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06 TT"106 Exhaust steam temperature*eg.c
++ 1!0 150/1,0
0- TT00 #%&'e&ser ee mm 800 600 1000
00/)00
1+00/1+00
08 TT++0 #2T ee mm 16,01900
03 T*PT+00
*P acr%ss #%&'. e4tmmc
,)00 +500 6000500 000
10 T*PT+00
*P acr%ss #%&'. 7ghtmmc
,)00 +500 6000500 000
11 T#V++02
Emerge&c9 :a;eup #V2ee' bac;
1! T#V++02
%rma :a;eup #V 2ee'bac;
1 T#V00
2
#EP 7ecrcuat%& #V 2ee'
bac;1+ T#V+02
*eareat%r ee #V 2ee'bac;
15 TPT!1 #EP *scharge PressureKg/Sq.cm
3.0 -.0 11 6.0 1+.0
16 =%t e Temperature *eg.c ++ +0 5! 5 55
13 T*PT+0
:a& #%&'e&sate 2% TP= 106 80 1!0 50 1+0
!5 #PT+80 #$ =ea'er pressureKg/Sq.cm
1.6 1.+ 1.8 1.0 !.0
BFP < Feed "ater #(#te)
01 TT"+-0 2$ temperature at 2P1Suct%& *eg.c
158 10 165 100 1-0/10
0! TT"+-0 2$ temperature at 2P!Suct%& *eg.c
158 10 165 100 1-0/10
0 TT"+-1 2$ temperature at 2P1 158 1+0 160 1!0 160
43
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*sch *eg.c0+ TT"+-1 2$ temperature at 2P!
*sch *eg.c158 1+0 160 1!0 160
05 TPT+60 2P1 *scharge PressureKg/Sq.cm
1!0.5 110 15 105/10,
1+0
06 TPT+-0 2P! *scharge PressureKg/Sq.cm
1!0.5 110 15 105/10,
1+0
0- TT"+68 2P1 *E ear&g Temperature *eg.c
60 -0 80/*0
08 TT"+68 2P! *E ear&g Temperature *eg.c
60 -0 80/*0
03 TT"+63 2P1 *E ear&g Temperature *eg.c
60 -0 80/*0
10 TT"+63 2P! *E ear&g
Temperature *eg.c
60 -0 80/*0
11 TT"+66 2P1 :%t%r *E ear&g Temp *eg.c
-0 90 80/9,
1! TT"+66 2P! :%t%r *E ear&g Temp *eg.c
-0 90 80/9,
1 TT"+6- 2P1 :%t%r *E ear&g Temp *eg.c
-0 90 80/9,
1+ TT"+6- 2P! :%t%r *E ear&g Temp *eg.c
-0 90 80/9,
15 TPT10 =P= Ext. Steam pressure
Kg/Sq.cm
!0.5 18 !! 15 !5
16 TT"10 =P= Ext. Steamtemperature *eg.c
- 00 50 !80 60
1- TT"-0! =P= *ra& temperature*eg.c
15+ 1+0 165 1!0 180
S.N Tag No De!"#$%#o& o' Tag No" Lo (# LL HH;Trip
18 TT"-0+ 2$ temp at =P= "/ *eg.c 158 15 155 1!0 16013 TT"-0 2$ temp at =P= ,/ *eg.c !!0 130 !!5 180 !5
!0 TT+!0 =P= ee >1 mm 1*0 1-0 !!0 160 2+0290
!1 TT+!0 =P= ee >! mm 1*0 1-0 !!0 160 2+0290
!! T#V+!02
=P= 'ra& t% *eareat%r #V2ee' ac;
! T#V+!0 =P= 'ra& t% #%&'e&ser #V
46
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2 2ee' ac;!+ TPT10+ *eareat%r Extr Steam
Pressure Kg/Sq.cm5.00 5.51 6
!5 TT"10+ *eareat%r Extract%& Steam Temp *eg.c
!13 !+0 00
!6 TPT+0 *eareat%r PressureKg/Sq.cm
5.0 5.5 6.0
!- TT+0 *eareat%r ee > 1 mm 11,0 650 1+65
,00+00
1665
!8 TT+0 *eaerat%r ee > ! mm 11,0 650 1+65
,00+00
1665
!3 TT+0SE
*eareat%r ee Seect%&mm
1),0 650 1665
,00+00
1865
1ain Stea);Au.-;&!and #tea)#(#
01 1PT001 : S press at c%mm%&hea'er Kg/Sq.cm
30 80 35 60/60 105
0! TPT101 Steam pressure at turb&e"/
30 80 35 80 9+102
0 TT"101 Steam temperature atturb&e "/ *eg.c
50 +85 58 +60/+60
5+/,+)
0+ TPT10! Steam pres a4t turb&e 1st stage Kg/Sq.cm
6, 6 6
05 TT"10!1 Steam temp a4ter turb&e1st stage *eg.c
+-5 +80
06 TPT16+P7*S Pressure Kg/Sq.cm !+ !! !- !0 00- TT"15! P7*S steam Temperature
*eg.c-0 60 80 +0 +00
08 TPT10- ?a&' steam PressureKg/Sq.cm
0.! 0.08 0.+ 0.06 0.+5
03 TT"108 ?a&' steam temperature*eg.c
+00 60 +10 50 +!0
10 TT"108 ?a&' ea; steam pressure11 TT"10!! :eta temp at turb&e 1st
stage *eg.c+65 +-5 +80
1! TT"10! :eta temp at turb&e 1st stage *eg.c
+65 +-5 +80
4
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Tur$o'i#or(
01 TT500 ube % ta&; ee mm ,,0 +00 800 50/),0
8-0
0! TPT51ube % pressure t%ear&gs Kg/Sq.cm
1.5 1.1- 1.- 0.6!/0.62
!.0
0 TT"510 ube % temp at c%%er "/*eg.c
65 +0 -0 0 -5
0+ TT"511 ube % temp at c%%er ,/*eg.c
+5 +0 50 0 55
05 TPT50 #%&tr% % PressureKg/Sq.cm
1+ 1! 10 1-
06 TT"80+ #$ temp at "/ %4 %
c%%er *eg.c
0 !5 + !0 6
0- TT"805 #$ temp at ,/ %4 %c%%er1 *eg.c
5 !- 3 !5 +!
08 TT"806 #$ temp at ,/ %4 %c%%er! *eg.c
5 !- 3 !5 +!
03 TT"80- #$ temp at "/ %4 ?e&c%%er *eg.c
0 !5 + !0 6
10 TT"80- #$ temp at ,/ %4 ?e&c%%er1 *eg.c
5 0 3 !5 +1
11 TT"80- #$ temp at ,/ %4 ?e&c%%er1 *eg.c
5 0 3 !5 +1
1! TT"80-# #$ temp at ,/ %4 ?e&c%%er1 *eg.c
5 0 3 !5 +1
1 TT"80-* #$ temp at ,/ %4 ?e&c%%er1 *eg.c
5 0 3 !5 +1
1+ TSE!011Turb&e See' rate' rpm +300 +-00 58
+6,2 ,6)2
Turb&e See' 16@ rpm 816 Turb&e See' 35@ rpm +650
S.N Tag No De!"#$%#o& o' Tag No" Lo (# LLT"# HH;Trip15 TAE!011xa sh4t mm 0 0.+5 0.+5 -0.6, -
0.6,0.6,
16 TAE!01!xa sh4t mm 0 0.+5 0.+5 -0.6, -0.6,0.6,
45
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1- TT"!01 Turb&e bear>emperature > 1 *eg.c
60 110 1!0/120
18 TT"!0! Turb&e bear>emperature > ! *eg.c
60 110 1!0/120
13 TT"!0 Turb&e bear&g
temperature > *eg.c
60 110 1!0/12
0!0 TT"!0+ Turb&e bear&g
temperature > + *eg.c60 110 1!0/12
0!1 TT"!05 7/? p&%& 4r%&t bear&g
temp1 *eg.c100 1!0/12
0!! TT"!06 7/? p&%& rear bear&g
temp! *eg.c100 1!0/12
0! TT"!0- 7/? hee 4r%&t bear&g
temp *eg.c100 1!0/12
0
!+ TT"!08 7/? hee rear bear>emp+ *eg.c 100 1!0/120!5 TT"!03 ?e&erat%r 4r%&t bear&g
temp1 *eg.c-5 85/*,
!6 TT"!10 ?e&erat%r rear bear>emp! *eg.c
-5 85/*,
!- TVBT!01Turb&e 4r%&t sha4t bC=%rD%&ta mcr%&s
+5 30/90
!8 TVT!01Turb&e 4r%&t sha4t brCVertca mcr%&s
+5 30/90
!3 TVBT!0!Turb&e rear sha4t brC =%rmcr%&s
+5 30/90
0 TVT!0!Turb&e rear sha4t brCVertca mcr%&s
+5 30/90
1 TVBT!07? p&%& 4r%&t sha4t brC=%r mcr%&s
36 1+0/1+0
! TVT!07? p&%& 4rt sha4t brCVertca mcr%&s
36 1+0/1+0
TVBT!0+7? p&%& rear sha4t brC
=%r mcr%&s
36 1+0/1+
0+ TVT!0+7? p&%& rear sha4t brC
Vert mcr%&s36 1+0/1+
05 TVBT!057? hee 4r%&t sha4t brC
=%r mcr%&s1!0 180/1*
06 TVT!057? hee 4r%&t sha4t brC
Vert mcr%&s1!0 180/1*
0
4:
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- TVBT!067? hee rear sha4t brC=%r mcr%&s
1!0 180/1*0
8 TVT!067? hee rear sha4t brCVert mcr%&s
1!0 180/1*0
3 TVBT!0-?e&erat%r 4r%&t sha4t br
h%r mcr%&s
100 160/16
0+0 TVT!0-?e&erat%r 4r%&t sha4t br
Vert mcr%&s100 160/16
0+1 TVBT!08?e&erat%r 7ear sha4t br
h%r mcr%&s100 160/16
0+! TVT!08?e&erat%r 7ear sha4t br
ert mcr%&s100 160/16
0+ TT"!5+ ?e& c%' ar temp 50++ TT"!55 ?e& c%' ar temp 50
+5 TT"!56 ?e& h%t ar temp --+6 TT"!51 ?e& $&'&g temp1 100 80 110 -0 1!0+- TT"!5! ?e& $&'&g temp! 100 80 110 -0 1!0+8 TT"!5 ?e& $&'&g temp 100 80 110 -0 1!0
+urrent# ; Winding
Te)perature#
01 ##T6!6
#$ Pump > 1 :%t%r curre&tCmp
0! ##T6!6
#$ Pump > ! :%t%r curre&tmp
0 ##T6!6#
#$ Pump > :%t%r curre&tmp
06 ##T6!5
#T 2a&1 :%t%r curre&t mp
0- ##T6!5
#T 2a&! :%t%r curre&t mp
08 ##T6!5#
#T 2a& :%t%r curre&t mp
03 ##T6-0 2P1 :%t%r curre&t mp10 ##T6-1 2P! :%t%r curre&t mp11 #EP m%t%r curre&t mp1! ,P m%t%r curre&t mp1 #,P m%t%r curre&t mp1+ F,P m%t%r curre&t mp15 E,P m%t%r curre&t mp
3(
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S.N Tag No De!"#$%#o& o' Tag No" Lo (# LLT"# HH;Trip16 ,VE2 m%t%r curre&tC mp1- ?S#E2 m%t%r curre&t mp18 T?: m%t%r curre&t mp13 TT"+60 2P1 $&'&g
temperature1 *eg.c
35 1+0 110
!0 TT"+60 2P! $&'>emperature1 *eg.c
35 1+0 110
!1 TT"+61 2P1 $&'>emperature! *eg.c
35 1+0 110
!! TT"+61 2P! $&'>emperature! *eg.c
35 1+0 110
! TT"+6! 2P1 $&'>emperature *eg.c
35 1+0 110
!+ TT"+6! 2P! $&'>emperature *eg.c 35 1+0 110
!5 TT"+6 2P1 $&'>emperature+ *eg.c
35 1+0 110
!6 TT"+6 2P! $&'>emperature+ *eg.c
35 1+0 110
!- TT"+6+ 2P1 $&'>emperature5 *eg.c
35 1+0 110
!8 TT"+6+ 2P! $&'>emperature5 *eg.c
35 1+0 110
!3 TT"+65 2P1 $&'>emperature6 *eg.c
35 1+0 110
0 TT"+65 2P! $&'>emperature6 *eg.c
35 1+0 110
31
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+O11,NI+ATION
#o avoi$ communication ga- among a!! the -ower -!ant sta"" the "o!!owing
stationar to be maintaine$ in a$$ition to the wa!>e ta!>ies an$ -hanes.
?- Line +!earance or) or #aet(-
@- co)p!aint regi#ter to enter a$nor)a!itie#-
). nstructions register.
4. 0og sheets "or each "ie!$.
3. 0og boo>s "or each "ie!$.
6. Running hours !og boo>.
. /oa! bagasse stoc> !og boo>.
5. /oa! ash ana!sis !og sheets.
:. Dai! &eneration consum-tion !og sheets !og boo>s.1(. +ater an$ steam ana!sis !og sheets.
Line +!earance or) or #aet(%
Be"ore $oing an wor> on running or stanb e9ui-ments in running or in shut
$own the res-ective maintenance -ersons shou!$ ta>e the 0ine /!earence "rom the
shi"t in charge8engineer.
#he shi"t in charge8engineer shou!$ un$erstan$ the wor> to be carrie$ out. " he
"ee!s the wor> can be carie$ out with out $isturbing the running o" the -!ant then he
shou!$ in "orm the !ine or e9ui-ment to be so!ate$ to the concerne$ "ie!$ o-erator.
A"ter the iso!ating the e9ui-ment8!ine the "ie!$ o-erator wi!! sign on the !ine c!earence
3*
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"orm. A"ter ensuring the !ine 8e9ui-ment iso!ate$ the shi"t in charge8engineer con give
0ine /!earence to carrout the wor> to concerne$ maintenance $e-artment.
Beore #tarting the "or5 the )aintenance per#on #hou!d en#ure that the
ie!d operator < #hit in charge; engineer #igned on the L-+ or) and the
e2uip)ent i# i#o!ated-
A"ter com-!etion o" the wor> the maintenance -ersons has to return the 0./.
#he concerne$ o-erator shou!$ >ee- the e9ui-ment rea$ "or o-eration. #he
same is to be ensure$ b shi"t in charge8engineer.
" nee$e$ the trai! run o" the e9ui-ment8!ine to be carrie$ out in -resence o"
shi"t in charge8engineer maintenance -erson.
co)p!aint regi#ter to enter a$nor)a!itie#%
" an abnorma!ities observe$ in the sstem8e9ui-ment concerne$ o-erator shou!$
bring to the notice o" shi"t in charge8 engineer. #he shi"t in charge8engineer shou!$
chec> the e9ui-ment8sstem -arameters an$ the abnorma!it to be registere$ in the
com-!aint register an$ in"orm to the concerne$ $e-artment.
" the abnorma!it is emergenc then the maintenance -eo-!e shou!$ be ca!!e$imme$iate! an$ the same is to be in"orme$ to /.M.;'M
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Each "ie!$ o-erator an$ $es> o-erator shou!$ enter the -arameters
-erio$ica!! in the !og sheet. #he !og sheet shou!$ be $u! signe$ b the shi"t in
charge in each shi"t.
Log $oo5# or each ie!d%
Each "ie!$ o-erator an$ $es> o-erator shou!$ enter a!! the events in the !og
boo> with time. #he !og boo>s shou!$ be $u! signe$ b the shi"t inc harge in each
shi"t.
Running hour# !og $oo5%
Ever $a in the / shi"t the shi"t in charge shou!$ enter the $a running hours
o" ever e9ui-ment in the register.
+oa! < $aga##e #toc5 !og $oo5%
A!! the coa! bagasse recei-ts an$ consum-tions to be entere$ in this !og boo>
shi"t wise b the shi"t in charge8engineer an$ avai!ab!e stoc> to be eva!uate$ $ai!.
+oa! < a#h ana!(#i# !og #heet#%
#he !og sheets to be "i!!e$ $ai! wise b 9ua!it contro! $e-artment an$ to be
sent to shi"t in charge.
Dai!( &eneration < con#u)ption !og #heet# < !og $oo5#%
Dai! in 1st shi"t the consum-tions o" a!! the e9ui-ments to be recor$e$ "or the
-revious $a. #he -revious $a tota! generation, tota! au%i!iar consum-tion, P0?,
average "re9uenc an$ -ercentage o" au%i!iar consum-tion to be recor$e$. #he
reasons "or an change in the generation consum-tion a!so to be recor$e$.
Water and #tea) ana!(#i# !og #heet#%
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#he DM -!ant chemist shou!$ enter the -erio$ica! water an$ steam ana!sis in
the !og sheets an$ the $u! signe$ !og sheets to be sent to shi"t in charge "or re"erence
an$ recor$ing.