PPU 960 Physics Note [Sem 1 : Chapter 1 - Physical Quantities and Units]
960 SP Physics 2012
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STPM/S(E)960
PEPERIKSAANSIJIL TINGGI PERSEKOLAHAN MALAYSIA
(MALAYSIA HIGHER SCHOOL CERTIFICATE EXAMINATION)
PHYSICS
Syllabus and Specimen Papers
This syllabus applies for the 2012/2013 session and thereafter until further notice.
MAJLIS PEPERIKSAAN MALAYSIA
(MALAYSIAN EXAMINATIONS COUNCIL)
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NATIONAL EDUCATION PHILOSOPHY
Education in Malaysia is an on-going effort towards further
developing the potential of individuals in a holistic and
integrated manner, so as to produce individuals who are
intellectually, spiritually, emotionally and physically
balanced and harmonious, based on a belief in and devotion
to God. Such effort is designed to produce Malaysian
citizens who are knowledgeable and competent, who possess
high moral standards, and who are responsible and capableof achieving a high level of personal well-being as well as
being able to contribute to the betterment of the family, the
society and the nation at large.
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FOREWORD
This revised Physics syllabus is designed to replace the existing syllabus which has been in use since
the 2001 STPM examination. This new syllabus will be enforced in 2012 and the first examination
will also be held the same year. The revision of the syllabus takes into account the changes made by
the Malaysian Examinations Council (MEC) to the existing STPM examination. Through the newsystem, the form sixth study will be divided into three terms, and candidates will sit for an
examination at the end of each term. The new syllabus fulfils the requirements of this new system.
The main objective of introducing the new examination system is to enhance the teaching and
learning orientation of form six so as to be in line with the orientation of teaching and learning in
colleges and universities.
The revision of the Physics syllabus incorporates current developments in physics studies and syllabus
design in Malaysia. The syllabus will give candidates exposure to pre-university level of Physics that
includes mechanics and thermodynamics, electricity and magnetism, oscillations and waves, optics,
and modern physics.
The syllabus contains topics, teaching periods, learning outcomes, examination format, gradedescription and specimen papers.
The design of this syllabus was undertaken by a committee chaired by Professor Dato Dr. Mohd.
Zambri bin Zainuddin from Universiti Malaya. Other committee members consist of university
lecturers, representatives from the Curriculum Development Division, Ministry of Education
Malaysia, and experienced teachers who are teaching Physics. On behalf of MEC, I would like to
thank the committee for their commitment and invaluable contribution. It is hoped that this syllabus
will be a guide for teachers and candidates in the teaching and learning process.
Chief ExecutiveMalaysian Examinations Council
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CONTENTS
Syllabus 960 Physics
Page
Aims 1
Objectives 1
Content
First Term: Mechanics and Thermodynamics 29
Second Term: Electricity and Magnetism 1015
Third Term: Oscillations and Waves, Optics, and Modern Physics 1622
Practical Syllabus (School-based Assessment of Practical) 2324
Written Practical Test 24
Scheme of Assessment 2526
Performance Descriptions 27
Summary of Key Quantities and Units 2830
Values of constants 31
Reference Books 32
Specimen Paper 1 3354
Specimen Paper 2 5578
Specimen Paper 3 79100
Specimen Experiment Paper 4 101103
Specimen Paper 5 105131
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1
SYLLABUS
960 PHYSICS
Aims
This syllabus aims to enhance candidates knowledge and understanding of physics to enable them toeither further their studies at institutions of higher learning or assist them to embark on a related
career and also to promote awareness among them of the role of physics in the universe.
Objectives
The objectives of this syllabus are to enable candidates to:
(a) use models, concepts, principles, theories, and laws of physics;
(b) interpret and use scientific information presented in various forms;
(c) solve problems in various situations;
(d) analyse, synthesise, and evaluate information and ideas logically and critically;
(e) use techniques of operation and safety aspects of scientific equipment;
(f) plan and carry out experiments scientifically and make conclusions;
(g) develop proper attitudes, ethics, and values in the study and practice of physics.
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2
FIRST TERM: MECHANICS AND THERMODYNAMICS
TopicTeaching
PeriodLearning Outcome
1 Physical Quantities andUnits
1.1 Base quantities and
SI units
6
1
Candidates should be able to:
(a) list base quantities and their SI units:
mass (kg), length (m), time (s), current (A),
temperature (K) and quantity of matter (mol);
(b) deduce units for derived quantities;
1.2 Dimensions of
physical quantities
1 (c) use dimensional analysis to determine the
dimensions of derived quantities;
(d) check the homogeneity of equations using
dimensional analysis;
(e) construct empirical equations using
dimensional analysis;
1.3 Scalars and vectors 2 (f) determine the sum, the scalar product and
vector product of coplanar vectors;
(g) resolve a vector to two perpendicular
components;
1.4 Uncertainties in
measurements
2 (h) calculate the uncertainty in a derived quantity
(a rigorous statistical treatment is not
required);
(i) write a derived quantity to an appropriate
number of significant figures.
2 Kinematics
2.1 Linear motion
6
2
Candidates should be able to:
(a) derive and use equations of motion with
constant acceleration;
(b) sketch and use the graphs of displacement-
time, velocity-time and acceleration-time for
the motion of a body with constantacceleration;
2.2 Projectiles 4 (c) solve problems on projectile motion without
air resistance;
(d) explain the effects of air resistance on the
motion of bodies in air.
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3
TopicTeaching
PeriodLearning Outcome
3 Dynamics
3.1 Newtons laws ofmotion
12
4
Candidates should be able to:
(a) state Newtons laws of motion;
(b) use the formulat
mv
t
vmF
d
d
d
dfor constant
m or constant v only;
3.2 Linear momentum and
its conservation
3 (c) state the principle of conservation of
momentum, and verify the principle using
Newtons laws of motion;
(d) apply the principle of conservation of
momentum;
(e) define impulse as d ;F t
(f) solve problems involving impulse;
3.3 Elastic and inelastic
collisions
2 (g) distinguish between elastic collisions and
inelastic collisions (knowledge of coefficient
of restitution is not required);
(h) solve problems involving collisions between
particles in one dimension;
3.4 Centre of mass 1 (i) define centre of mass for a system of particles
in a plane;
(j) predict the path of the centre of mass of a two-
particle system;
3.5 Frictional forces 2 (k) explain the variation of frictional force with
sliding force;
(l) define and use coefficient of static function
and coefficient of kinetic friction.
4 Work, Energy and Power
4.1 Work
5
2
Candidates should be able to:
(a) define the work done by a forcesF
ddW
;(b) calculate the work done using a force-
displacement graph;
(c) calculate the work done in certain situations,
including the work done in a spring;
4.2 Potential energy and
kinetic energy
2 (d) derive and use the formula: potential energy
change = mgh near the surface of the Earth;
(e) derive and use the formula: kinetic energy
2
2
1mv ;
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4
TopicTeaching
PeriodLearning Outcome
(f) state and use the work-energy theorem;
(g) apply the principle of conservation of energy
in situations involving kinetic energy and
potential energy;
4.3 Power 1 (h) derive and use the formula P Fv ;
(i) use the concept of efficiency to solve
problems.
5 Circular Motion
5.1 Angular displacement
and angular velocity
8
1
Candidates should be able to:
(a) express angular displacement in radians;
(b) define angular velocity and period;(c) derive and use the formula rv ;
5.2 Centripetal
acceleration
2 (d) explain that uniform circular motion has an
acceleration due to the change in direction of
velocity;
(e) derive and use the formulae for centripetal
acceleration a =2
v
rand a = 2r ;
5.3 Centripetal force 5 (f) explain that uniform circular motion is due to
the action of a resultant force that is always
directed to the centre of the circle;
(g) use the formulae for centripetal force2
mvF
rand 2F mr ;
(h) solve problems involving uniform horizontal
circular motion for a point mass;
(i) solve problems involving vertical circular
motions for a point mass (knowledge of
tangential acceleration is not required).
6 Gravitation
6.1 Newtons law ofuniversal gravitation
10
1
Candidates should be able to:
(a) state Newtons law of universal gravitation and
use the formula FGMm
r2
;
6.2 Gravitational field 2 (b) explain the meaning of gravitational field;
(c) define gravitational field strength as force of
gravity per unit mass;
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TopicTeaching
PeriodLearning Outcome
(d) use the equation gGM
r2
for a gravitational
field;
6.3 Gravitational potential 3 (e) define the potential at a point in a gravitational
field;
(f) derive and use the formula VGM
r;
(g) use the formula for potential energy
UGMm
r;
(h) show that mghrmgU is a special case
ofUGMm
rfor situations near to the
surface of the Earth;
(i) use the relationship gV
r
d
d;
(j) explain, with graphical illustrations, the
variations of gravitational field strength and
gravitational potential with distance from the
surface of the Earth;
6.4 Satellite motion in a
circular orbit
3 (k) solve problems involving satellites moving in
a circular orbit in a gravitational field;
(l) explain the concept of weightlessness;
6.5 Escape velocity 1 (m) derive and use the equation for escape
velocity e2GM
vR
and e 2 .v gR
7 Statics
7.1 Centre of gravity
6
1
Candidates should be able to:
(a) define centre of gravity;(b) state the condition in which the centre of mass
is the centre of gravity;
7.2 Equilibrium of
particles
1 (c) state the condition for the equilibrium of a
particle;
(d) solve problems involving forces in equilibrium
at a point;
7.3 Equilibrium of rigid
bodies
4 (e) define torque as ;r F
(f) state the conditions for the equilibrium of a
rigid body;
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TopicTeaching
PeriodLearning Outcome
(g) sketch and label the forces which act on a
particle and a rigid body;
(h) use the triangle of forces to represent forces in
equilibrium;
(i) solve problems involving forces in
equilibrium.
8 Deformation of Solids
8.1 Stress and strain
5
1
Candidates should be able to:
(a) define stress and strain for a stretched wire or
elastic string;
8.2 Force-extension graph
and stress-strain graph
2 (b) sketch force-extension graph and stress-strain
graph for a ductile material;
(c) identify and explain proportional limit, elastic
limit, yield point and tensile strength;
(d) define the Youngs modulus;
(e) solve problems involving Youngs modulus;
(f) distinguish between elastic deformation and
plastic deformation;
(g) distinguish the shapes of force-extension
graphs for ductile, brittle and polymeric
materials;
8.3 Strain energy 2 (h) derive and use the formula for strain energy;
(i) calculate strain energy from force-extension
graphs or stress-strain graphs.
9 Kinetic Theory of Gases
9.1 Ideal gas equation
14
2
Candidates should be able to:
(a) use the ideal gas equation ;pV nRT
9.2 Pressure of a gas 2 (b) state the assumptions of the kinetic theory of
an ideal gas;(c) derive and use the equation for the pressure
exerted by an ideal gas21
3;p c
9.3 Molecular kinetic
energy
2 (d) state and use the relationship between the
Boltzmann constant and molar gas constant
AN
Rk ;
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TopicTeaching
PeriodLearning Outcome
(e) derive and use the expression for the mean
translational kinetic energy of a molecule,
21 3
2 2;mc kT
9.4 The r.m.s. speed of
molecules
2 (f) calculate the r.m.s. speed of gas molecules;
(g) sketch the molecular speed distribution graph
and explain the shape of the graph (description
of the experiment is not required);
(h) predict the variation of molecular speed
distribution with temperature;
9.5 Degrees of freedom
and law of
equipartition of energy
3 (i) define the degrees of freedom of a gas
molecule;
(j) identify the number of degrees of freedom of a
monatomic, diatomic or polyatomic molecule
at room temperature;
(k) explain the variation in the number of degrees
of freedom of a diatomic molecule ranging
from very low to very high temperatures;
(l) state and apply the law of equipartition of
energy;
9.6 Internal energy of anideal gas
3 (m) distinguish between an ideal gas and a real gas;
(n) explain the concept of internal energy of an
ideal gas;
(o) derive and use the relationship between the
internal energy and the number of degrees of
freedom.
10 Thermodynamics of Gases
10.1 Heat capacities
14
2
Candidates should be able to:
(a) define heat capacity, specific heat capacity and
molar heat capacity;
(b) use the equations:
V,m , , Q C Q mc Q nC and
p,m Q nC ;
10.2 Work done by a gas 1 (c) derive and use the equation for work done by
a gas d ;W p V
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TopicTeaching
PeriodLearning Outcome
10.3 First law of
thermodynamics
5 (d) state and apply the first law of
thermodynamics ;Q U W
(e) deduce the relationship TnCU mV, from
the first law of thermodynamics;
(f) derive and use the equation p,m V,m ;C C R
(g) relate mp,mV, and CC to the degrees of
freedom;
(h) use the relationshipmV,
mp,
C
Cto identify the
types of molecules;
10.4 Isothermal and
adiabatic changes
6 (i) describe the isothermal process of a gas;
(j) use the equation pV constant for isothermal
changes;
(k) describe the adiabatic process of a gas;
(l) use the equations pV constant and
1TV constant for adiabatic changes;
(m) illustrate thermodynamic processes withp-V
graphs;(n) derive and use the expression for work done in
the thermodynamic processes.
11 Heat Transfer
11.1 Conduction
10
5
Candidates should be able to:
(a) explain the mechanism of heat conduction
through solids, and hence, distinguish between
conduction through metals and non-metals;
(b) define thermal conductivity;
(c) use the equation xkAt
Q
d
d
d
dfor heat
conduction in one dimension;
(d) describe and calculate heat conduction through
a cross-sectional area of layers of different
materials;
(e) compare heat conduction through insulated
and non-insulated rods;
11.2 Convection 1 (f) describe heat transfer by convection;
(g) distinguish between natural and forced
convection;
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TopicTeaching
PeriodLearning Outcome
11.3 Radiation 3 (h) describe heat transfer by radiation;
(i) use Stefan-Boltzmann equation 4d ;dQ e ATt
(j) define a black body;
11.4 Global warming 1 (k) explain the greenhouse effect and thermal
pollution;
(l) suggest ways to reduce global warming.
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10
SECOND TERM: ELECTRICITY AND MAGNETISM
TopicTeaching
PeriodLearning Outcome
12 Electrostatics
12.1 Coulombs law
12
2
Candidates should be able to:
(a) state Coulombs law, and use the formula
2
04 r
QqF ;
12.2 Electric field 3 (b) explain the meaning of electric field, and
sketch the field pattern for an isolated point
charge, an electric dipole and a uniformly
charged surface;
(c) define the electric field strength, and use the
formulaq
FE ;
(d) describe the motion of a point charge in a
uniform electric field;
12.3 Gausss law 4 (e) state Gausss law, and apply it to derive theelectric field strength for an isolated point
charge, an isolated charged conducting sphere
and a uniformly charged plate;
12.4 Electric potential 3 (f) define electric potential;
(g) use the formular
QV
04;
(h) explain the meaning of equipotential surfaces;
(i) use the relationshipr
VE
d
d;
(j) use the formula U= qV.
13 Capacitors
13.1 Capacitance
12
1
Candidates should be able to:
(a) define capacitance;
13.2 Parallel plate
capacitors
2 (b) describe the mechanism of charging a parallel
plate capacitor;
(c) use the formula CQ
Vto derive
d
AC 0 for
the capacitance of a parallel plate capacitor;
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TopicTeaching
PeriodLearning Outcome
13.3 Dielectrics 2 (d) define relative permittivity r (dielectric
constant);
(e) describe the effect of a dielectric in a parallel
plate capacitor;
(f) use the formulad
AC r 0 ;
13.4 Capacitors in series
and in parallel
2 (g) derive and use the formulae for effective
capacitance of capacitors in series and in
parallel;
13.5 Energy stored in a
charged capacitor
1 (h) use the formulae
22
2
1
2
1
2
1 and, CVUC
QUQVU
(derivations are not required);
13.6 Charging and
discharging of a
capacitor
4 (i) describe the charging and discharging process
of a capacitor through a resistor;
(j) define the time constant, and use the formula
;RC
(k) derive and use the formulae
0 1
t
Q Q e , 0 1
t
V V e and
0
t
I I e for charging a capacitor through a
resistor;
(l) derive and use the formulae 0
t
Q Q e ,
0
t
V V e and 0
t
I I e for discharging a
capacitor through a resistor;
(m) solve problems involving charging anddischarging of a capacitor through a resistor.
14 Electric Current
14.1 Conduction of
electricity
10
2
Candidates should be able to:
(a) define electric current, and use the equation
t
QI
d
d;
(b) explain the mechanism of conduction of
electricity in metals;
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TopicTeaching
PeriodLearning Outcome
14.2 Drift velocity 2 (c) explain the concept of drift velocity;
(d) derive and use the equation ;I Anev
14.3 Current density 2 (e) define electric current density and
conductivity;
(f) use the relationship ;J E
14.4 Electric conductivity
and resistivity
4 (g) derive and use the equation2
;ne t
m
(h) define resistivity, and use the formula ;RA
l
(i) show the equivalence between Ohms law andthe relationship ;J E
(j) explain the dependence of resistivity on
temperature for metals and semiconductors by
using the equation
2
;ne t
m
(k) discuss the effects of temperature change on
the resistivity of conductors, semiconductors
and superconductors.
15 Direct Current Circuits
15.1 Internal resistance
14
1
Candidates should be able to:
(a) explain the effects of internal resistance on the
terminal potential difference of a battery in a
circuit;
15.2 Kirchhoffs laws 4 (b) state and apply Kirchhoffs laws;
15.3 Potential divider 2 (c) explain a potential divider as a source of
variable voltage;
(d) explain the uses of shunts and multipliers;
15.4 Potentiometer and
Wheatstone bridge
7 (e) explain the working principles of a
potentiometer, and its uses;
(f) explain the working principles of a Wheatstone
bridge, and its uses;
(g) solve problems involving potentiometer and
Wheatstone bridge.
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TopicTeaching
PeriodLearning Outcome
16 Magnetic Fields
16.1 Concept of a magneticfield
18
1
Candidates should be able to:
(a) explain magnetic field as a field of forceproduced by current-carrying conductors or by
permanent magnets;
16.2 Force on a moving
charge
3 (b) use the formula for the force on a moving
charge ;qF v B
(c) use the equation sinqvBF to define
magnetic flux densityB;
(d) describe the motion of a charged particle
parallel and perpendicular to a uniform
magnetic field;
16.3 Force on a current-
carrying conductor
3 (e) explain the existence of magnetic force on a
straight current-carrying conductor placed in a
uniform magnetic field;
(f) derive and use the equation sinF IlB
16.4 Magnetic fields due to
currents
4 (g) state Amperes law, and use it to derive the
magnetic field of a straight wirer
IB
20 ;
(h) use the formulae r
NI
B 2
0
for a circular coil
and nIB 0 for a solenoid;
16.5 Force between two
current-carrying
conductors
3(i) derive and use the formula
d
lIIF
2210 for the
force between two parallel current-carrying
conductors;
16.6 Determination of the
ratiom
e
2 (j) describe the motion of a charged particle in the
presence of both magnetic and electric fields
(for v,B andEperpendicular to each other);
(k) explain the principles of the determination of
the ratiom
efor electrons in Thomsons
experiment (quantitative treatment is required);
16.7 Hall effect 2 (l) explain Hall effect, and derive an expression
for Hall voltage VH ;
(m) state the applications of Hall effect.
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TopicTeaching
PeriodLearning Outcome
17 Electromagnetic Induction
17.1 Magnetic flux
18
1
Candidates should be able to:
(a) define magnetic flux as ; B A
17.2 Faradays law andLenzs law
8 (b) state and use Faradays law and Lenzs law;
(c) derive and use the equation for induced e.m.f.
in linear conductors and plane coils in uniform
magnetic fields;
17.3 Self induction 5 (d) explain the phenomenon of self-induction, and
define self-inductance;
(e) use the formulaeEd
and ;
d
IL LI N
t
(f) derive and use the equation for the self-
inductance of a solenoid
2
0 ;N A
Ll
17.4 Energy stored in an
inductor
2 (g) use the formula for the energy stored in an
inductor 22
1LIU ;
17.5 Mutual induction 2 (h) explain the phenomenon of mutual induction,
and define mutual inductance;
(i) derive an expression for the mutual inductance
between two coaxial solenoids of the same
cross-sectional area
p
sp0
l
ANNM .
18 Alternating Current
Circuits
18.1 Alternating current
through a resistor
12
3
Candidates should be able to:
(a) explain the concept of the r.m.s. value of an
alternating current, and calculate its value for
the sinusoidal case only;
(b) derive an expression for the current from
0 sin ;V V t
(c) explain the phase difference between the
current and voltage for a pure resistor;
(d) derive and use the formula for the power in an
alternating current circuit which consists only
of a pure resistor;
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TopicTeaching
PeriodLearning Outcome
18.2 Alternating current
through an inductor
3 (e) derive an expression for the current from
0 sin ;V V t
(f) explain the phase difference between the
current and voltage for a pure inductor;
(g) define the reactance of a pure inductor;
(h) use the formula ;LX L
(i) derive and use the formula for the power in an
alternating current circuit which consists only
of a pure inductor;
18.3 Alternating current
through a capacitor
3 (j) derive an expression for the current from
0 sin ;V V t
(k) explain the phase difference between the
current and voltage for a pure capacitor;
(l) define the reactance of a pure capacitor;
(m) use the formula1
;CXC
(n) derive and use the formula for the power in an
alternating current circuit which consists only
of a pure capacitor;
18.4 R-CandR-L circuits in
series
3 (o) define impedance;
(p) use the formula22
)( CL XXRZ ;
(q) sketch the phasor diagrams ofR-CandR-L
circuits.
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THIRD TERM: OSCILLATIONS AND WAVES, OPTICS, AND MODERN PHYSICS
TopicTeaching
PeriodLearning Outcome
19 Oscillations 12 Candidates should be able to:
19.1 Characteristics of
simple harmonic
motion
1 (a) define simple harmonic motion;
19.2 Kinematics of simple
harmonic motion
4 (b) show that tAx sin is a solution of2
;a x
(c) derive and use the formula2 2 ;v A x
(d) describe, with graphical illustrations, the
variation in displacement, velocity and
acceleration with time;
(e) describe, with graphical illustrations, the
variation in velocity and acceleration with
displacement;
19.3 Energy in simple
harmonic motion
2 (f) derive and use the expressions for kinetic
energy and potential energy;
(g) describe, with graphical illustrations, the
variation in kinetic energy and potential energy
with time and displacement;
19.4 Systems in simple
harmonic motion
3 (h) derive and use expressions for the periods of
oscillations for spring-mass and simple
pendulum systems;
19.5 Damped oscillations 1 (i) describe the changes in amplitude and energy
for a damped oscillating system;
(j) distinguish between under damping, critical
damping and over damping;
19.6 Forced oscillations and
resonance
1 (k) distinguish between free oscillations and
forced oscillations;
(l) state the conditions for resonance to occur.
20 Wave Motion
20.1 Progressive waves
12
3
Candidates should be able to:
(a) interpret and use the progressive wave
equationy =A sin ( t kx) or
y =A cos ( t kx);
(b) sketch and interpret the displacement-time
graph and the displacement-distance graph;
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TopicTeaching
PeriodLearning Outcome
(c) use the formula2
;x
(d) derive and use the relationship ;v f
20.2 Wave intensity 2 (e) define intensity and use the relationship2;I A
(f) describe the variation of intensity with distance
of a point source in space;
20.3 Principle of
superposition
1 (g) state the principle of superposition;
20.4 Standing waves 4 (h) use the principle of superposition to explainthe formation of standing waves;
(i) derive and interpret the standing wave
equation;
(j) distinguish between progressive and standing
waves;
20.5 Electromagnetic waves 2 (k) state that electromagnetic waves are made up
of electrical vibrationsE=E0 sin( t kx)
and magnetic vibrationsB =B0 sin( t kx);
(l) state the characteristics of electromagnetic
waves;
(m) compare electromagnetic waves with
mechanical waves;
(n) state the formula
00
1c , and explain its
significance;
(o) state the orders of the magnitude of
wavelengths and frequencies for different
types of electromagnetic waves.
21 Sound Waves
21.1 Propagation of sound
waves
14
2
Candidates should be able to:
(a) explain the propagation of sound waves in air
in terms of pressure variation and
displacement;
(b) interpret the equations for displacement
0 sin( )y y t kx and pressure
p =p0 sin ;2
t kx
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TopicTeaching
PeriodLearning Outcome
(c) use the standing wave equation to determine
the positions of nodes and antinodes of a
standing wave along a stretched string;
21.2 Sources of sound 4(d) use the formula
Tv to determine the
frequencies of the sound produced by different
modes of vibration of the standing waves
along a stretched string;
(e) describe, with appropriate diagrams, the
different modes of vibration of standing waves
in air columns, and calculate the frequencies of
sound produced, including the determinationof end correction;
21.3 Intensity level of
sound
2 (f) define and calculate the intensity level of
sound;
21.4 Beat 2 (g) use the principle of superposition to explain
the formation of beats;
(h) use the formula for beat frequency
f f f1 2 ;
21.5 Doppler effect 4 (i) describe the Doppler effect for sound, and usethe derived formulae (for source and/or
observer moving along the same line).
22 Geometrical Optics
22.1 Spherical mirrors
8
3
Candidates should be able to:
(a) use the relationship2
rf for spherical
mirrors;
(b) draw ray diagrams to show the formation of
images by concave mirrors and convex
mirrors;
(c) use the formulafvu111 for spherical
mirrors;
22.2 Refraction at spherical
surfaces
2(d) use the formula
n
u
n
v
n n
r1 2 2 1 for
refraction at spherical surfaces;
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TopicTeaching
PeriodLearning Outcome
22.3 Thin lenses 3(e) use the formula
n
u
n
v
n n
r1 2 2 1 to derive
the thin lens formula1 1 1
u v fand
lensmakers equation21
111
1
rrn
n
f m
l
m
;
(f) use the thin lens formula and lensmakersequation.
23 Wave Optics
23.1 Huygenss principle
16
1
Candidates should be able to:
(a) state the Huygenss principle;
(b) use the Huygenss principle to explaininterference and diffraction phenomena;
23.2 Interference 2 (c) explain the concept of coherence;
(d) explain the concept of optical path difference,
and solve related problems;
(e) state the conditions for constructive and
destructive interferences;
23.3 Two-slit interference
pattern
2 (f) explain Youngs two-slit interference pattern;
(g) derive and use the formulaaDx for the
fringe separation in Youngs interferencepattern;
23.4 Interference in a thin
film
2 (h) explain the phenomenon of thin film
interference for normal incident light, and
solve related problems;
23.5 Diffraction by a single
slit
2 (i) explain the diffraction pattern for a single slit;
(j) use the formula
a
sin for the first
minimum in the diffraction pattern for a single
slit;
(k) use the formula sin =a
as the resolving
power of an aperture;
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TopicTeaching
PeriodLearning Outcome
23.6 Diffraction gratings 3 (l) explain the diffraction pattern for a diffraction
grating;
(m) use the formula mdsin for a diffraction
grating;
(n) describe the use of a diffraction grating to form
the spectrum of white light, and to determine
the wavelength of monochromatic light;
23.7 Polarisation 2 (o) state that polarisation is a property of
transverse waves;
(p) explain the polarisation of light obtained by
reflection or using a polariser;
(q) use the Brewsters law tan B ;n
(r) use the Maluss lawI=I0 cos2 ;
23.8 Optical waveguides 2 (s) explain the basic principles of fibre optics and
waveguides;
(t) state the applications of fibre optics and
waveguides.
24 Quantum Physics
24.1 Photons
20
8
Students should be able to:
(a) describe the important observations inphotoelectric experiments;
(b) recognise the features of the photoelectric
effect that cannot be explained by wave theory,
and explain these features using the concept of
quantisation of light;
(c) use the equation E hf for a photon;
(d) explain the meaning of work function and
threshold frequency;
(e) use Einsteins equation for the photoelectric
effect2
max
1;
2hf W mv
(f) explain the meaning of stopping potential, and
use2
s max
1;
2eV mv
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TopicTeaching
PeriodLearning Outcome
24.2 Wave-particle duality 2 (g) state de Broglies hypothesis;
(h) use the relationp
hto calculate de Broglie
wavelength;
(i) interpret the electron diffraction pattern as an
evidence of the wave nature of electrons;
(j) explain the advantages of an electron
microscope as compared to an optical
microscope;
24.3 Atomic structure 4 (k) state Bohrs postulates for a hydrogen atom;
(l) derive an expression for the radii of the orbitsin Bohrs model;
(m) derive the formula222
0
42
8 nh
meZEn for
Bohrs model;
(n) explain the production of emission line spectra
with reference to the transitions between
energy levels;
(o) explain the concepts of excitation energy and
ionisation energy;
24.4 X-rays 5 (p) interpret X-ray spectra obtained from X-ray
tubes;
(q) explain the characteristic line spectrum and
continuous spectrum including min in X-rays;
(r) derive and use the equation min ;hc
eV
(s) describe X-ray diffraction by two parallel
adjacent atomic planes;
(t) derive and use Braggs law 2dsin = m ;
24.5 Nanoscience 1 (u) explain the basic concept of nanoscience;
(v) state the applications of nanoscience in
electronics devices.
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TopicTeaching
PeriodLearning Outcome
25 Nuclear Physics 14 Candidates should be able to:
25.1 Nucleus 4 (a) describe the discovery of protons and neutrons(experimental details are not required);
(b) explain mass defect and binding energy;
(c) use the formula for mass-energy equivalence
E= mc2;
(d) relate and use the units u and eV;
(e) sketch and interpret a graph of binding energy
per nucleon against nucleon number;
25.2 Radioactivity 6 (f) explain radioactive decay as a spontaneous and
random process;
(g) define radioactive activity;
(h) state and use the exponential law Nt
N
d
d
for radioactive decay;
(i) define decay constant;
(j) derive and use the formulat
NN e0 ;
(k) define half-life, and derive the relation
21
2lnt
;
(l) solve problems involving the applications of
radioisotopes as tracers in medical physics;
25.3 Nuclear reactions 4 (m) state and apply the conservation of nucleon
number and charge in nuclear reactions;
(n) apply the principle of mass-energy
conservation to calculate the energy released
(Qvalue) in a nuclear reaction;
(o) relate the occurrence of fission and fusion
to the graph of binding energy per nucleon
against nucleon number;
(p) explain the conditions for a chain reaction to
occur;
(q) describe a controlled fission process in a
reactor;
(r) describe a nuclear fusion process which occurs
in the Sun.
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The Practical Syllabus
School-based Assessment of Practical
School-based assessment of practical work is carried out throughout the form six school terms for
candidates from government schools and private schools which have been approved by MEC to carry
out the school-based assessment.
MEC will determine 13 compulsory experiments and one project to be carried out by the
candidates and to be assessed by the subject teachers in the respective terms. The project will be
carried out during the third term in groups of two or three candidates. Details of the title, topic,
objective, theory, apparatus and procedure of each of the experiments and project will be specified in
the Teachers and Students Manual for Practical Physics which can be downloaded from MECsPortal (http://www.mpm.edu.my) by the subject teachers during the first term of form six.
Candidates should be supplied with a work scheme before the day of the compulsory experiment
so as to enable them to plan their practical work. Each experiment is expected to last one school
double period. Assessment of the practical work is done by the subject teachers during the practical
sessions and also based on the practical reports. The assessment should comply with the assessmentguidelines prepared by MEC.
A repeating candidate may use the total mark obtained in the coursework for the subsequent
STPM examination. Requests to carry forward the moderated coursework mark should be made
during the registration of the examination.
The Physics practical course for STPM should achieve its objective to improve the quality of
candidates in the aspects as listed below.
(a) The ability to follow a set or sequence of instructions.
(b) The ability to plan and carry out experiments using appropriate methods.
(c) The ability to choose suitable equipment and use them correctly and carefully.
(d) The ability to determine the best range of readings for more detailed and careful
measurements.
(e) The ability to make observations, to take measurements and to record data with attention
given to precision, accuracy and units.
(f) The awareness of the importance of check readings and repeat readings.
(g) The awareness of the limits of accuracy of observations and measurements.
(h) The ability to present data and information clearly in appropriate forms.
(i) The ability to interpret, analyse and evaluate observations, experimental data, perform erroranalysisand make deductions.
(j) The ability to make conclusions.
(k) The awareness of the safety measures which need to be taken.
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The objective of the project work is to enable candidates to acquire knowledge and integrate
practical skills in Physics with the aid of information and communications technology as well as to
develop soft skills as follows:
(a) communications,
(b) teamwork,
(c) critical thinking and problem solving,
(d) flexibility/adaptability,
(e) leadership,
(f) organising,
(g) information communications and technology,
(h) moral and ethics.
Written Practical Test
The main objective of the written practical test is to assess the candidates understanding of practicalprocedures in the laboratory.
The following candidates are required to register for this paper:
(a) individual private candidates,
(b) candidates from private schools which have no permission to carry out the school-based
assessment of practical work,
(c) candidates who repeat upper six (in government or private schools),
(d) candidates who do not attend classes of lower six and upper six in two consecutive years
(in government or private schools).(e) candidates who take Physics other than the package offered by schools.
Three structured questions on routine practical work and/or design of experiments will be set.
MEC will not be strictly bound by the syllabus in setting questions. Where appropriate, candidates
will be given sufficient information to enable them to answer the questions. Only knowledge of theory
within the syllabus and knowledge of usual laboratory practical procedures will be expected.
The questions to be set will test candidates ability to:
(a) record readings from diagrams of apparatus,
(b) describe, explain, suggest, design or comment on experimental arrangements, techniques
and procedures,
(c) complete tables of data and plot graphs,
(d) interpret, draw conclusions from, and evaluate observations and experimental data,
(e) recognise limitations of experiments and sources of results,
(f) explain the effect of errors on experimental results,
(g) suggest precautions or safety measures,
(h) explain theoretical basis of experiments,
(i) use theory to explain or predict experimental results,
(j) perform simple calculations and error analysis based on experiments.
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Scheme of Assessment
Term of
Study
Paper Code
and NameTheme/Title Type of Test
Mark
(Weighting)Duration Administration
First
Term
960/1
Physics
Paper 1
Mechanics and
ThermodynamicsWritten Test
Section A15 compulsory
multiple-choice
questions to be
answered.
Section B2 compulsory
structured questions
to be answered.
Section C2 questions to be
answered out of 3
essay questions.
All questions are
based on topics 1 to
11.
60
(26.67%)
15
15
30
1 hoursCentral
assessment
Second
Term
960/2
Physics
Paper 2
Electricity and
MagnetismWritten Test
Section A
15 compulsorymultiple-choice
questions to be
answered.
Section B2 compulsory
structured questions
to be answered.
Section C2 questions to be
answered out of 3
essay questions.
All questions are
based on topics 12
to 18.
60
(26.67%)
15
15
30
1 hoursCentral
assessment
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Term of
Study
Paper Code
and NameTheme/Title Type of Test
Mark
(Weighting)Duration Administration
Third
Term
960/3
Physics
Paper 3
Oscillations and
Waves, Optics
and Modern
Physics
Written Test
Section A15 compulsory
multiple-choice
questions to be
answered.
Section B2 compulsory
structured questions
to be answered.
Section C
2 questions to beanswered out of 3
essay questions.
All questions are
based on topics 19
to 25.
60
(26.67%)
15
15
30
1 hoursCentral
assessment
960/5
Physics
Paper 5
Physics Practical Written Practical
Test
3 compulsory
structured questionsto be answered.
45
(20%)
1 hoursCentral
assessment
First,
Second
and
Third
Terms
960/4
Physics
Paper 4
Physics Practical School-based
Assessment of
Practical
13 compulsory
experiments and
one project to be
carried out.
225to be
scaled to
45
(20%)
Throughoutthe three
terms
School-based
assessment
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Performance Descriptions
A Grade A candidate is likely able to:
(a) recall the fundamental knowledge of Physics from the syllabus with few significant
omissions;
(b) show good understanding of the fundamental principles and concepts;
(c) identify the appropriate information and apply the correct techniques to solve problems;
(d) communicate effectively using logical sequence based on physics fundamentals, including
usage of mathematical expressions, schematic diagrams, tables and graph;
(e) synthesise information from fundamental principles of different content areas in problem
solving;
(f) show good understanding of the underlying working principles and carry out extensive
calculation in numerical-type questions;
(g) make adaptations, appropriate assumptions and use the fundamental knowledge of Physics
in analyzing an unfamiliar situation;
(h) identify causes, factors or errors in questions involving experiments;
(i) shows good knowledge relating precision of data to the accuracy of the final result;
(j) interpret and evaluate critically the numerical answer in calculations.
A Grade C candidate is likely able to:
(a) recall the knowledge of Physics from most parts of the syllabus;
(b) show some understanding of the main principles and concepts in the syllabus;
(c) present answer using common terminology and simple concepts in the syllabus;
(d) demonstrate some ability to link knowledge between different areas of Physics;
(e) perform calculation on familiar numerical-type or guided questions;
(f) show some understanding of the underlying Physics principles when carrying out numerical
work;
(g) identify causes, factors or errors in questions involving experiments;
(h) shows good knowledge relating precision of data to the accuracy of the final result;
(i) interpret and evaluate critically the numerical answer in calculations.
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Summary of Key Quantities and Units
Candidates are expected to be familiar with the following quantities, their symbols, their units, and
their interrelationships. They should also be able to perform calculations and deal with questions
involving these quantities as indicated in the syllabus. The list should not be considered exhaustive.
Quantity Usual symbols Units
Base quantities
Amount of matter n mol
Electric current I A
Length l m
Mass m kg
Temperature T K
Time t s
Other quantities
Acceleration a m s2
Acceleration of free fall g m s2
Activity of radioactive source A s1, Bq
Amplitude A m
Angular displacement , rad
Angular frequency rad s1
Angular momentum L kg m2rad s
1
Angular speed , rad s1
Angular velocity , rad s1
Area A m2
Atomic mass ma kgAtomic number (proton number) Z
Capacitance C F
Change of internal energy U J
Charge carrier density n m3
Coefficient of friction
Conductivity 1m1
Critical angle c
Current density J A m2
Decay constant s1
Density kg m3
Displacement s, x mDistance d m
Electric charge Q, q C
Electric field strength E N C1
Electric flux N C1
m2
Electric potential V V
Electric potential difference V, V V
Electromotive force , E V
Electron mass me kg, u
Elementary charge e C
Emissivity e
Energy E, U J
Focal length f m
Force F N
.
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Quantity Usual symbols Units
Force constant k N m1
Frequency f Hz
Gravitational field strength g N kg1
Gravitational potential V J kg
1
Half-life t s
Heat Q J
Heat capacity C J K1
Image distance v m
Impedance Z
Intensity I W m2
Internal energy U J
Latent heat L J
Magnetic flux WbMagnetic flux density B T
Magnification power m
Mass number (nucleon number) AMass per unit length kg m
1
Molar heat capacity Cm J K1
mol1
Molar mass M kg mol1
Molecular speed c m s1
Momentum p N sMutual inductance M H
Neutron mass mn kg, u
Neutron number N
Object distance u m
Period T s
Permeability H m1
Permeability of free space 0 H m1
Permittivity F m1
Permittivity of free space 0 F m1
Phase difference , rad
Potential energy U J
Power P W
Pressure p Pa
Principal molar heat capacities CV,m; Cp,m J K1
mol1
Radius r m
Ratio of heat capacities
Reactance X
Refractive index n
Relative atomic mass ArRelative molecular mass MrRelative permeability rRelative permittivity rResistance R
Resistivity m
Self-inductance L H
Specific heat capacity c J K1kg
1
Specific latent heat l J kg1
Speed u, v m s1
Speed of electromagnetic waves c m s 1
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Quantity Usual symbols Units
Stress Pa
Surface charge density C m2
Temperature T, K, C
Tension T NThermal conductivity k W m1
K1
Time constant s
Torque N m
Velocity u, v m s1
Volume V m3
Wavelength m
Wave number k m1
Weight W N
Work W J
Work function , W J
Youngs modulus E, Y Pa, N m2
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960 PHYSICS
Values of constants
Acceleration of free fall g = 9.81 m s2
Avogadros constant NA = 6.02 1023
mol1
Boltzmanns constant k, kB = 1.38 1023
J K1
Gravitational constant G = 6.67 1011
N m2
kg2
Magnitude of electronic charge e = 1.60 1019
C
Mass of the Earth ME = 5.97 1024
kg
Mass of the Sun MS = 1.99 1030
kg
Molar gas constant R = 8.31 J K1
mol1
Permeability of free space 0 = 4 107H m
1
Permittivity of free space 0 = 8.85 10 12 F m 1
=19
mF1036
1
Plancks constant h = 6.63 10 34 J s
Radius of the Earth RE = 6.38 106m
Radius of the Sun RS = 6.96 108m
Rest mass of electron me = 9.11 1031
kg
Rest mass of proton mp = 1.67 1027
kg
Speed of light in free space c = 3.00 108
m s1
Stefan-Boltzmann constant = 5.67 108
W m2
K4
Unified atomic mass unit u = 1.66 1027
kg
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Reference Books
Teachers and candidates may use books specially written for the STPM examination and other
reference books such as those listed below.
1. Adam, S. and Allday, J., 2000.Advanced Physics. New York: Oxford.
2. Breithaupt, J., 2000. Understanding Physics for Advanced Level. 4th edition. Cheltenham:
Nelson Thornes.
3. Duncan, T., 2000.Advanced Physics. 5th edition. London: John Murray.
4. Giancoli, D.C., 2008. Physics for Scientists and Engineers with Modern Physics . 4th edition.
New Jersey: Pearson Prentice Hall.
5. Giancoli, D.C., 2008. Physics-Principles with Application. 6th edition. New Jersey: Pearson
Prentice Hall.
6. Halliday, D., Resnick, R., and Walker, J., 2008. Fundamentals of Physics. 8th edition. New
Jersey: John Wiley & Sons.
7. Hutchings, R., 2000. Physics. 2nd edition. London: Nelson Thornes.
8. Jewett Jr, J.W. and Serway, R.A., 2006. Serways Principles of Physics. 4th edition.California:
Thomson Brooks/Cole.
9. Jewett Jr, J.W. and Serway, R.A., 2008. Physics for Scientists and Engineers. 7th edition.
California: Thomson Brooks/Cole.
10. Nelkon, M. and Parker, P., 1995. Advanced Level Physics. 7th edition. Oxford: Heinemann.
11. Young, H.D. and Freedman, R.A., 2011. University Physics with Modern Physics.13th edition.
California: Pearson Addison Wesley.
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SPECIMEN PAPER
960/1 STPM
PHYSICS (FIZIK)
PAPER 1 (KERTAS 1)
One and a half hours (Satu jam setengah)
MAJLIS PEPERIKSAAN MALAYSIA(MALAYSIAN EXAMINATIONS COUNCIL)
SIJIL TINGGI PERSEKOLAHAN MALAYSIA(MALAYSIA HIGHER SCHOOL CERTIFICATE)
This question paper consists of printed pages and blank page.
(Kertas soalan ini terdiri daripada halaman bercetak dan halaman kosong.)
Majlis Peperiksaan MalaysiaSTPM 960/1
For examiners use(Untuk kegunaan
pemeriksa)
Section B
(Bahagian B)
16
17
Section C
(Bahagian C)
Total
(Jumlah)
Instructions to candidates:
DO NOT OPEN THIS QUESTION PAPER UNTIL YOU ARE
TOLD TO DO SO.
There are fifteen questions in Section A. For each question, four choices
of answers are given. Choose one correct answer and indicate it on the
Multiple-choice Answer Sheet provided. Read the instructions on the
Multiple-choice Answer Sheet very carefully. Answer all questions. Marks
will not be deducted for wrong answers.
Answer all questions in Section B. Write your answers in the spaces
provided.
Answer any two questions in Section C. All essential working should be
shown. For numerical answers, unit should be quoted wherever appropriate.
Begin each answer on a fresh sheet of paper and arrange your answers in
numerical order.Tear off the front page of this question paper and your answer sheets of
Section B, and tie both of them together with your answer sheets of Section C.
Values of constants are provided on page in this question paper.
Answers may be written in either English or Bahasa Malaysia.Pleasetearoffalongtheperforatedline.
(Silakoyakkandisepanjanggarisputus-putusini.)
Arahan kepada calon:
JANGAN BUKA KERTAS SOALAN INI SEHINGGA ANDA DIBENARKAN BERBUAT
DEMIKIAN.
Ada lima belas soalan dalam Bahagian A. Bagi setiap soalan, empat pilihan jawapan diberikan.
Pilih satu jawapan yang betul dan tandakan jawapan itu pada Borang Jawapan Aneka Pilihan yang
dibekalkan. Baca arahan pada Borang Jawapan Aneka Pilihan itu dengan teliti. Jawab semua soalan.
Markah tidak akan ditolak bagi jawapan yang salah.
Jawab semua soalan dalam Bahagian B. Tulis jawapan anda di ruang yang disediakan.Jawab mana-mana dua soalan dalam Bahagian C. Semua jalan kerja yang sesuai hendaklah
ditunjukkan. Bagi jawapan berangka, unit hendaklah dinyatakan di mana-mana yang sesuai. Mulakan
setiap jawapan pada helaian kertas jawapan yang baharu dan susun jawapan anda mengikut tertib
berangka.
Koyakkan muka hadapan kertas soalan ini dan helaian jawapan anda bagi Bahagian B, dan ikatkan
kedua-duanya bersama-sama dengan helaian jawapan anda bagi Bahagian C.
Nilai pemalar dibekalkan pada halaman kertas soalan ini.
Jawapan boleh ditulis dalam bahasa Inggeris atau Bahasa Malaysia.
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BLANK PAGE
960/1
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HALAMAN KOSONG
960/1
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Section A [15 marks]
Answerall questions in this section.
1 Which formula does not have the same unit as work?
A Power time
B Pressure volume
C Mass gravitational potential
D Specific heat capacity temperature
2 A ball is thrown upwards several times with the same speed at different angles of projection.
Which graph shows the variation of the horizontal rangeR with the angle of projection ?
3 A body with mass 6 kg is acted by a force Fwhich varies with time t as shown in the graph
below.
If the change of the momentum of the body after time Tis 30 N s, what is the value ofT?
A 3 s B 5 s C 6 s D 12 s
960/1
10
T t/s
F/N
0
C D
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Bahagian A [15 markah]
Jawab semua soalan dalam bahagian ini.
1 Rumus yang manakahyang tidak mempunyai unit yang sama dengan kerja?
A Kuasa masa
B Tekanan isi padu
C Jisim keupayaan graviti
D Muatan haba tentu suhu
2 Sebiji bola dilontarkan ke atas beberapa kali dengan laju yang sama pada sudut pelontaran yang
berbeza. Graf yang manakah yangmenunjukkan ubahan julat mengufukR dengan sudut pelontaran
?
3 Satu jasad dengan jisim 6 kg ditindakkan oleh satu daya F yang berubah dengan masa t
ditunjukkan dalam graf di bawah.
Jika perubahan momentum jasad itu selepas masa Tialah 30 N s, berapakah nilai T?
A 3 s B 5 s C 6 s D 12 s
960/1
C D
10
T t/s
F/N
0
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4 Which statement is true of the static friction between two surfaces?
A It is always constant.
B It depends on the surface area.
C It depends on the nature of the surfaces.
D It isalways smaller than the kinetic friction.
5 A car of mass m with effective power P and initial velocity u climbs a hill of height h. The car
arrives at the peak of the hill at velocity v in time t. Which is true of the motion?
A mghmvmuPt22
2
1
2
1
B mghmumvPt22
2
1
2
1
C22
2
1
2
1mvmumghPt
D22
2
1
2
1mumvmghPt
6 A car of mass 1000 kg moves along the corner of a level road having a radius of curvature 35.0 m.
If the limiting frictional force between the tyres and the road is 4.0 kN, the maximum speed of the car
without skidding at the corner is
A 4.0 m s1
B 8.8 m s1
C 11.8 m s1 D 140.0 m s
1
7 If the gravitational field strength at a certain region is uniform,
A there is no work done on a mass displaced in that regionB the gravitational potential is the same at all points in that region
C the gravitational force on a mass is the same at all points in that region
D the gravitational potential energy is the same for all masses at all points in that region
8 A ladder PQ with the centre of massR resting on a wall QS is shown in the diagram below.
If the ladder is in equilibrium andthe resultant forces at P and Q are FP and FQ respectively, FP
and FQ must act through point
A R B S C T D U
960/1
R
P S
U
T
Q
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4 Penyataan yang manakah yang benar tentang geseran statik antara dua permukaan?
A Ia sentiasa malar.
B Ia bergantung kepada luas permukaan itu.
C Ia bergantung kepada sifat permukaan itu.
D Ia sentiasa lebih kecil daripada geseran kinetik.
5 Sebuah kereta berjisim m dengan kuasa berkesan P dan halaju awal u mendaki sebuah bukit
setinggi h. Kereta itu tiba di puncak bukit pada halaju v dalam masa t. Yang manakah yang benar
tentang gerakan itu?
A mghmvmuPt22
2
1
2
1
B mghmumvPt22
2
1
2
1
C22
2
1
2
1
mvmumghPt
D22
2
1
2
1mumvmghPt
6 Sebuah kereta berjisim 1000 kg bergerak melalui satu selekoh jalan raya yang rata yang
mempunyai jejari kelengkungan 35.0 m. Jika had daya geseran antara tayar dengan jalan raya ialah
4.0 kN, laju maksimum tanpa tergelincir kereta pada selekoh itu ialah
A 4.0 m s1
B 8.8 m s1
C 11.8 m s1 D 140.0 m s
1
7 Jika kekuatan medan graviti di suatu kawasan adalah seragam,
A tiada kerja dilakukan ke atas jisim yang tersesar di kawasan itu
B keupayaan graviti adalah sama di semua titik di kawasan itu
C dayagraviti ke atas jisim adalah sama di semua titik di kawasan itu
D tenaga keupayaan graviti adalah sama bagi semua jisim di semua titik di kawasan itu
8 Satu tangga PQ dengan pusat jisimR yang bersandar pada dinding QS ditunjukkan dalam gambar
rajah di bawah.
Jika tangga itu berada dalam keseimbangan dan daya paduan di P dan Q masing-masing ialah FP
dan FQ, FP dan FQ mesti bertindak melalui titik
A R B S C T D U
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R
P S
U
T
Q
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9 Which of the following best shows the stiffness of a solid?
A Youngs modulus
B Elastic limit
C Yield point
D Tensile strength
10 The temperature of two moles of a diatomic gas is raised by 8.0 C from room temperature. The
increase in the internal energy of the gas is
A 2.0 102
J B 3.3 102
J C 7.0 103
J D 1.2 104
J
11 The ratio of the molar heat capacity of an ideal gas is 1.4. What is the number of degrees of
freedom of the gas?
A 3 B 5 C 6 D 7
12 Molar heat capacity at constant pressure differs from molar heat capacity at constant volumebecause
A the internal energy of the gas is higher at constant pressure
B extra heat is required to expand the gas at constant pressure
C extra heat is required to increase the degree of freedom of the gas at constant volume
D work is required to overcome the attractive force between molecules which is stronger at
constant pressure
13 An ideal gas in a cylinder is compressed isothermally. Which statement is true of the gas?
A No work is done on the gas.
B Heat is released from the gas.
C Theinternal energy of the gas increases.
D The potential energy of the gas molecules increases.
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9 Yang manakah yang paling baik menunjukkan kekakuan suatu pepejal?
A Modulus Youngs
B Had kenyal
C Titik alah
D Kekuatan tegangan
10 Suhu dua mol gas dwiatom dinaikkan sebanyak 8.0 C dari suhu bilik. Pertambahan tenaga dalam
bagi gas itu ialah
A 2.0 102
J B 3.3 102
J C 7.0 103
J D 1.2 104
J
11 Nisbah muatan haba molar suatu gas unggul ialah 1.4. Berapakah bilangan darjah kebebasan gas
itu?
A 3 B 5 C 6 D 7
12 Muatan haba molar pada tekanan malar berbeza daripada muatan haba molar pada isi padu molarkerana
A tenaga dalam suatu gas adalah lebih tinggi pada tekanan malar
B haba tambahan diperlukan untuk mengembangkan gas pada tekanan malar
C haba tambahan diperlukan untuk meningkatkan darjah kebebasan gas pada isi padu malar
D kerja diperlukan untuk mengatasi daya tarikan antara molekul yang lebih kuat pada tekanan
malar
13 Suatu gas unggul dalam satu silinder dimampatkan secara isoterma. Penyataan yang manakah
yang benar tentang gas itu?
A Tiada kerja dilakukan ke atas gas.
B Haba dibebaskan daripada gas.
C Tenaga dalam gas itu meningkat.
D Tenaga keupayaan molekul gas meningkat.
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14 Two perfectly insulated uniform rods R and S of the same material joined thermally is shown in
the diagram below.
The length of rodR is two times the length of rod S. The cross-sectional area of rod R is half the
cross-sectional area of rod S. If the free ends ofR and S are fixed at 100 C and 50 C respectively,
what is the temperature at the junction of rodR and rod S?
A 55 C B 60 C C 75 C D 90 C
15 The Sun continuously radiates energy into space, some of which is received by the Earth. The
average temperature on the surface of the Earth remains at about 300 K becauseA the Earth reflects the Suns light
B the thermal conductivity of the Earth is low
C the Earth radiates an amount of energy into space equal to the amount it absorbed
D the energy only raises the temperature of the upper atmosphere and never reaches the
surface
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Insulator
Insulator
R100 C 50 CS
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14 Dua rod seragamR dan S yang bertebat dengan sempurna daripada bahan yang sama disambung
secara terma ditunjukkan dalam gambar rajah di bawah.
Panjang rod R adalah dua kali panjang rod S. Luas keratan rentas rod R adalah setengah luas
keratan rentas rod S. Jika hujung bebas R dan S masing-masing ditetapkan pada 100 C and 50 C,
berapakah suhu pada simpang rodR dan rod S?
A 55 C B 60 C C 75 C D 90 C
15 Matahari secara berterusan menyinarkan tenaga ke dalam angkasa, sebahagian daripadanya
diterima oleh Bumi. Purata suhu pada permukaan Bumi kekal pada 300 K keranaA Bumi memantulkan cahaya Matahari
B kekonduksian terma Bumi adalah rendah
C Bumi menyinarkan amaun tenaga yang sama dengan amaun tenaga yang diserapnya ke dalam
angkasa
D tenaga hanya meningkatkan suhu atmosfera atas dan tidak pernah sampai ke permukaan
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Penebat
Penebat
R100 C 50 CS
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HALAMAN KOSONG
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Silakoyakkandisepanjanggarisputus-putusini
.
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Section B[15 marks]
Answerall questions in this section.
16 A wire with cross-sectional area 0.50 mm2and length 20.0 cm is pulled at both ends by a force of
55 N as shown in the diagram below.
(a) Determine the stress in the wire. [2 marks]
(b) If the extension is 0.40 cm, calculate the strain in the wire. [2 marks]
(c) Determine the Youngs modulus of the wire. [2 marks]
(d) Calculate the strain energy stored in the wire. [2 marks]
17 (a) State two assumptions of an ideal gas. [2 marks]
(b) State two physical conditions under which a gas behave as an ideal gas. [2 marks]
(c) A 0.035 m3
gas tank contains 7.0 kg of butane gas. Assuming that the gas behaves as an ideal
gas, calculate its pressure at 27 C. [3 marks]
[The molecular mass of butane is 58 g mol1
.]
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F= 55 NF= 55 N Wire
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Bahagian B[15 markah]
Jawab semua soalan dalam bahagian ini.
16 Satu dawai dengan luas kerata rentas 0.50 mm2
dan panjang 20.0 cm ditarik di kedua-dua hujung
oleh satu daya 55 N seperti ditunjukkan dalam gambar rajah di bawah.
(a) Tentukan tegasan dalam dawai itu. [2 markah]
(b) Jika pemanjangan ialah 0.40 cm, hitung terikan dalam dawai itu. [2 markah]
(c) Tentukan modulus Young dawai itu. [2 markah]
(d) Hitung tenaga terikan yang tersimpan dalam dawai itu. [2 markah]
17 (a) Nyatakan dua anggapan suatu gas unggul. [2 markah]
(b) Nyatakan dua syarat fizikal yang mana satu gas bertindak sebagai satu gas unggul.[2 markah]
(c) Sebuah tangki gas 0.035 m3
mengandungi 7.0 kg gas butana. Andaikan bahawa gas itu
bertindak sebagai satu gas unggul, hitung tekanannya pada 27 C. [3 markah]
[Jisim molekul butana ialah 58 g mol1
.]
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F= 55 NF= 55 N Dawai
Silakoyakkandisepanjanggarisputus-putusini.
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HALAMAN KOSONG
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50
Section C[30 marks]
Answer any two questions in this section.
18 (a) (i) State the principle of conservation of linear momentum. [2 marks]
(ii) In a perfect elastic collision, the total kinetic energy is conserved. Discuss a case wherethe total kinetic energy is lost completely after a collision between two objects. [2 marks]
(b) An object of massMis moving with velocity u, and collides elastically with another object of
mass m at rest. After the collision,Mand m move with velocities v1 and v2 respectively.
(i) Write the equations to show the conservation of the kinetic energy and the conservation
of the linear momentum. [2 marks]
(ii) Using the equations in (b)(i), obtain a relationship between u, v1 and v2. [3 marks]
(iii) Determine the condition required for the object of mass M to stop after the collision.
[3 marks]
(iv) IfM= 40.0 g, m = 60.0 g and u = 8.0 m s1, calculate the percentage change in kineticenergy of the object of massMafter the collision. [3 marks]
19 (a) (i) State Newtons law of universal gravitation. [2 marks]
(ii) Explain why the force of gravity of the Earth on an object causes the object to
accelerate towards the Earth. [2 marks]
(b) The weight of a satellite in a circular orbit around the Earth is half of its weight on the surface
of the Earth. The mass of the satellite is 8.0 102
kg.
(i) Determine the altitude of the orbit. [3 marks]
(ii) Determine the speed of the satellite. [2 marks]
(iii) Determine the minimum energy required by the satellite to escape from its orbit to
space. [3 marks]
(iv) If the satellite is replaced with another satellite of mass 1.6 103
kg, state the effect on
your answers for (i), (ii) and (iii). . [3 marks]
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Bahagian C[30 markah]
Jawab mana-mana dua soalan dalam bahagian ini.
18 (a) (i) Nyatakan prinsip keabadian momentum linear. [2 markah]
(ii) Dalam satu perlanggaran elastik yang sempurna, jumlah tenaga kinetik diabadikan.Bincangkan satu kes dengan jumlah tenaga kinetik hilang sepenuhnya selepas perlanggaran antara dua
objek. [2 markah]
(b) Satu objek berjisimMbergerak dengan halaju u, dan berlanggar secara elastik dengan objek
lain berjisim m yang berada dalam keadaan rehat. Selepas perlanggaran,Mdan m bergerak masing-
masing dengan halaju v1 dan v2.
(i) Tuliskan persamaan untuk menunjukkan keabadian tenaga kinetik dan keabadian
momentum linear. [2 markah]
(ii) Dengan menggunakan persamaan dalam (b)(i), dapatkan satu perhubungan antara u, v1,
dan v2. [3 markah]
(iii) Tentukan syarat yang diperlukan bagi objek berjisim M itu untuk berhenti selepasperlanggaran. [3 markah]
(iv) Jika M = 40.0 g, m = 60.0 g, dan u = 8.0 m s1
, hitung peratusan perubahan tenaga
kinetik objek berjisimMitu selepas perlanggaran. [3 markah]
19 (a) (i) Nyatakan hukum kegravitian semesta Newton. [2 markah]
(ii) Jelaskan mengapa daya graviti Bumi pada satu objek menyebabkan objek itu memecut
ke arah Bumi. [2 markah]
(b) Berat satu satelit dalam satu orbit bulat yang mengelilingi Bumi ialah setengah daripada
beratnya pada permukaan Bumi. Jisim satelit itu ialah 8.0 102
kg.
(i) Tentukan altitud orbit itu. [3 markah]
(ii) Tentukan laju satelit itu. [2 markah]
(iii) Tentukan tenaga minimum yang diperlukan oleh satelit untuk terlepas dari orbitnya ke
angkasa. [3 markah]
(iv) Jika satelit itu digantikan dengan satelit yang lain berjisim 1.6 103
kg, nyatakan kesan
pada jawapan anda dalam (i), (ii), dan (iii). [3 markah]
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20 (a) (i) State the first law of thermodynamics. [2 marks]
(ii) Using the first law of thermodynamics, explain the changes due to the work done in an
isothermal expansion and an adiabatic expansion for an ideal gas. [5 marks]
(b) A pump which is used to compress air into a big tank is shown in the diagram below.
Initially the air in the pump is at atmospheric pressure 1.01 105
Pa and temperature 300 K. The
pump has a uniform cylindrical space of length 0.300 m, and the valve opens when the air in the pump
exceeds a pressure of 6.25 105
Pa. Assuming that the compression is adiabatic and that the air
behaves as a diatomic ideal gas,(i) determine the distance for which the piston moves before the air starts to enter the tank,
[4 marks]
(ii) determine the temperature of the compressed air, [2 marks]
(iii) determine the work done by the pump to fill 50.0 mol of air into the tank. [2 marks]
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0.300 m
Valve PistonTo tank
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20 (a) (i) Nyatakan hukum termodinamik pertama. [2 markah]
(ii) Dengan menggunakan hukum termodinamik pertama, jelaskan perubahan yang
disebabkan oleh kerja yang dilakukan dalam pengembangan isoterma dan pengembangan adiabatik
bagi satu gas unggul. [5 markah]
(b) Satu pam yang digunakan untuk memampatkan udara ke dalam satu tangki besar ditunjukkan
dalam gambar rajah di bawah.
Pada awalnya udara di dalam pam ialah pada tekanan atmosfera1.01 105
Pa dan suhu 300 K.
Pam itu mempunyai ruang silinder yang seragam dengan panjang 0.300 m, dan injap terbuka apabilaudara di dalam pam melebihi tekanan 6.25 105
Pa. Andaikan bahawa mampatan itu ialah mampatan
adiabatik dan udaranya bertindak sebagai satu gas unggul dwiatom,
(i) tentukan jarak pada ketika piston bergerak sebelum udara mula memasuki tangki,
[4 markah]
(ii) tentukan suhu udara yang termampat, [2 markah]
(iii) tentukan kerja yang dilakukan oleh pam untuk memenuhkan 50.0 mol udara ke dalam
tangki itu. [2 markah]
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0.300 m
Injap PistonKe tangki
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Values of constants
(Nilai Pemalar)
Acceleration of free fall (Pecutan jatuh bebas) g = 9.81 m s2
Avogadro constant (Pemalar Avogadro) NA = 6.02 1023
mol1
Boltzmann constant (Pemalar Boltzmann) k, kB = 1.38 1023
J K1
Gravitational constant (Pemalar graviti) G = 6.67 1011
N m2kg
2
Magnitude of electronic
charge
(Magnitud cas elektron) e = 1.60 1019
C
Mass of the Earth (Jisim Bumi) ME = 5.97 1024
kg
Mass of the Sun (Jisim Matahari) MS = 1.99 1030
kg
Molar gas constant (Pemalar gas molar) R = 8.31 J K1
mol1
Permeability of free space (Ketelapan ruang bebas)0
= 4 107
H m1
Permittivity of free space (Ketelusan ruang bebas)0
= 8.85 1012
F m1
=19
mF1036
1
Plancks constant (Pemalar Planck) h = 6.63 10 34 J s
Radius of the Earth (Jejari Bumi) RE = 6.38 106m
Radius of the Sun (Jejari Matahari) RS = 6.96 108m
Rest mass of electron (Jisim rehat elektron)em
= 9.11 1031
kg
Rest mass of proton (Jisim rehat proton)pm = 1.67 10
27kg
Speed of light in free space (Laju cahaya dalam ruang bebas) c = 3.00 108 m s 1
Stefan-Boltzmann constant (Pemalar Stefan-Boltzmann) =
5.67 108
W m2
K4
Unified atomic mass unit (Unit jisim atom bersatu) u = 1.66 1027
kg
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Identity card number:.. Centre number/index number:.
(Nombor kad pengenalan) (Nombor pusat/angka giliran)
55
SPECIMEN PAPER
960/2 STPM
PHYSICS (FIZIK)
PAPER 2 (KERTAS 2)
One and a half hours (Satu jam setengah)
MAJLIS PEPERIKSAAN MALAYSIA(MALAYSIAN EXAMINATIONS COUNCIL)
SIJIL TINGGI PERSEKOLAHAN MALAYSIA(MALAYSIA HIGHER SCHOOL CERTIFICATE)
This question paper consists of printed pages and blank page.
(Kertas soalan ini terdiri daripada halaman bercetak dan halaman kosong.)
Majlis Peperiksaan MalaysiaSTPM 960/2
For examiners use(Untuk kegunaan
pemeriksa)
Section B
(Bahagian B)
16
17
Section C
(Bahagian C)
Total
(Jumlah)
Instructions to candidates:
DO NOT OPEN THIS QUESTION PAPER UNTIL YOU ARETOLD TO DO SO.
There are fifteen questions in Section A. For each question, four choices
of answers are given. Choose one correct answer and indicate it on the
Multiple-choice Answer Sheet provided. Read the instructions on the
Multiple-choice Answer Sheet very carefully. Answer all questions. Marks
will not be deducted for wrong answers.
Answer all questions in Section B. Write your answers in the spaces
provided.
Answer any two questions in Section C. All essential working should be
shown. For numerical answers, unit should be quoted wherever appropriate.
Begin each answer on a fresh sheet of paper and arrange your answers in
numerical order.Tear off the front page of this question paper and your answer sheets of
Section B, and tie both of them together with your answer sheets of Section C.
Values of constants are provided on page in this question paper.
Answers may be written in either English or Bahasa Malaysia.Pleasetea
roffalongtheperforatedline.
(Silakoyakkan
disepanjanggarisputus-putusini.)
Arahan kepada calon:
JANGAN BUKA KERTAS SOALAN INI SEHINGGA ANDA DIBENARKAN BERBUAT
DEMIKIAN.
Ada lima belas soalan dalam Bahagian A. Bagi setiap soalan, empat pilihan jawapan diberikan.
Pilih satu jawapan yang betul dan tandakan jawapan itu pada Borang Jawapan Aneka Pilihan yang
dibekalkan. Baca arahan pada Borang Jawapan Aneka Pilihan itu dengan teliti. Jawab semua soalan.
Markah tidak akan ditolak bagi jawapan yang salah.
Jawab semua soalan dalam Bahagian B. Tulis jawapan anda di ruang yang disediakan.Jawab mana-mana dua soalan dalam Bahagian C. Semua jalan kerja yang sesuai hendaklah
ditunjukkan. Bagi jawapan berangka, unit hendaklah dinyatakan di mana-mana yang sesuai. Mulakan
setiap jawapan pada helaian kertas jawapan yang baharu dan susun jawapan anda mengikut tertib
berangka.
Koyakkan muka hadapan kertas soalan ini dan helaian jawapan anda bagi Bahagian B, dan ikatkan
kedua-duanya bersama-sama dengan helaian jawapan anda bagi Bahagian C.
Nilai pemalar dibekalkan pada halaman kertas soalan ini.
Jawapan boleh ditulis dalam bahasa Inggeris atau Bahasa Malaysia.
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HALAMAN KOSONG
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Section A [15 marks]
Answerall questions in this section.
1 A Gaussian surface encloses a chargeof 2.0 C in vacuum. What is the electric flux through the
surface?
A 1.8 1017
V m
B 4.4 106
V m
C 1.8 104
V m
D 2.3 105
V m
2 Which statement is not true of an isolated charged conducting sphere?
A Electric field exists inside the conductor.
B The potential in the conductor is constant.
C The charge distribution on the conductor is uniform.
D The charge is distributed only on the surface of the conductor.
3 The space between the plates of a parallel-plate capacitor needs to be completely filled by a
dielectric material to increase its capacitance. Which will give the highest capacitance?
Dielectric material Permittivity Thickness
A Teflon 2 0 0.4 mm
B Quartz 3 0 0.8 mm
C Glass 4 0 1.0 mm
D Mica 5 0 1.2 mm
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Bahagian A [15 markah]
Jawab semua soalan dalam bahagian ini.
1 Satu permukaan Gauss mengurungi cas 2.0 C dalam vakum. Berapakah fluks elektrik menerusi
permukaan itu?
A 1.8 1017
V m
B 4.4 106
V m
C 1.8 104
V m
D 2.3 105
V m
2 Penyataan yang manakah yang tidak benar tentang cas terpencil sfera pengkonduksi?
A Medan elektrik wujud di dalam konduktor.
B Keupayaan di dalam konduktor adalah malar.
C Taburan cas pada konduktor adalah seragam.
D Cas ditaburkan hanya pada permukaan konduktor.
3 Ruang di antara plat-plat satu kapasitor plat selari perlu dipenuhkan selengkapnya dengan bahan
dielektrik untuk meningkatkan nilai kapasitans. Yang manakah yang akan memberikan kapasitans
yang paling tinggi?
Bahan dielektrik Ketelusan Ketebalan
A Teflon 2 0 0.4 mm
B Kuartz 3 0 0.8 mm
C Kaca 4 0 1.0 mm
D Mika 5 0 1.2 mm
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4 A switch S connected to terminal 1 at time t= 0 is shown in the circuit diagram below.
When the voltmeter reading has reached V0 at time t= T, the switch S is flipped to terminal 2.
Which graph shows the correct variation of voltmeter reading Vwith time t?
5 The equation which relates the electrical conductivity of the material of a conductor with other
quantities is2
,ne t
mwhere n, e and m are symbols with the usual meaning. t in the equation
represents
A the thickness of the conductor
B the mean distance between adjacent atoms in the conductor
C the mean time between the collisions of free electrons with lattice ions
D the mean time for a free electron to move from one end to the other end of the conductor
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SS
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4 Satu suisS yang disambungkan ke terminal 1 pada masa t= 0 ditunjukkan dalam gambar rajah
litar di bawah.
Apabila bacaan voltmeter telah mencapai V0 pada masat= T,suis S ditukar ke terminal 2. Graf
yang manakah yang menunjukkan dengan betul ubahan bacaan voltmeter Vdengan masa t?
5 Persamaan yang mengaitkan kekonduksian elektrik bahan suatu konduktor dengan kuantiti-
kuantiti lain ialah2
,ne t
mdengann, e, dan m adalah simbol yang membawa makna yang biasa. t
dalam persamaan itu mewakili
A ketebalan konduktor itu
B min jarak antara atom-atom bersebelahan dalam konduktor itu
C min masa antara perlanggaran elektron bebas dengan ion kekisi
D min masa bagi satu elektron bebas untuk bergerak dari satu hujung konduktor ke hujung yang
lain
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S
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6 When a potential difference V is applied across two ends of a copper wire with diameter dand
lengthL, the drift velocity of the electrons is v. If a copper wire of diameter2
dand length
4
Lwith
potential difference of 2Vapplied across the two ends, the drift velocity, in terms ofv, is
A v B 2v C 4v D 8v
7 A cell of e.m.f. connected to three identical bulbs R, S and Tand a rheostatXYis shown in thecircuit diagram below.
If the contact P of the rheostat is adjusted towards Y, which statement is true of the changes in the
brightness of the three bulbs?
A R, S and Tbecome brighter.
B R and Tbecome brighter, but S becomes dimmer.
C R becomes brighter, but S and Tbecome dimmer.
D R and S become brighter, but Tbecomes dimmer.
8 A potentiometer with a 100 cm wireXYis shown in the circuit diagram below.
Eis a dry cell of e.m.f. 1.5 V and internal resistance 0.50 .R is a resistor of 2.0 . When switch
Kis open, the balance point P fromXis 75 cm.When switch Kis closed, the new balance point from
Xis
A 30 cm B 40 cm C 60 cm D 75 cm
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S
R
PX
Y
T
XP
Y
K
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6 Apabila beza keupayaan Vdikenakan merentas dua hujung satu dawai kuprum dengan garis pusat
ddan panjangL, halaju hanyut elektron ialah v. Jika satu dawai kuprum bergaris pusat2
ddan panjang
4
Ldengan beza keupayaan 2Vdikenakan merentas dua hujung, halaju hanyut, dalam sebutan v, ialah
A v B 2v C 4v D 8v
7 Satu sel dengan d.g.e disambungkan ke tiga mentolR, S, dan Tyang seiras dan satu reostat XYditunjukkan dalam gambar rajah litar di bawah.
Jika sesentuh P reostat dilaraskan ke arah Y, penyataan yang manakah yang benar tentang
perubahan kecerahan tiga mentol itu?
A R, S, dan Tmenjadi lebih cerah.
B R dan Tmenjadi lebih cerah, tetapi S menjadi malap.
C R menjadi lebih cerah, tetapi S dan Tmenjadi malap.
D R dan S menjadi lebih cerah, tetapi Tmenjadi malap.
8 Satu potentiometer dengan 100 cm dawaiXYditunjukkan dalam gambar rajah litar di bawah.
E ialah sel kering dengan d.g.e. 1.5 V dan rintangan dalam 0.50 . R ialah perintang 2.0 .
Apabila suis K dibuka, titik seimbang P daripada X ialah 75 cm. Apabila suis K ditutup, titik
seimbang daripadaX yang baharu ialah
A 30 cm B 40 cm C 60 cm D 75 cm
960/2
S
R
PX
Y
T
XP
Y
K
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9 An electron moves into a uniform magnetic field with a certain velocity. If the velocity of the
electron is in the same direction as the magnetic field,
A the electron accelerates
B the electron decelerates
C the electron continues to move with its original velocity
D the electron is deflected and moves in a circle at constant speed
10 Four parallel wires passing through the four vertices of a square WXYZ is shown in the diagram
below.
These wires carry currents of equal magnitude in the directions shown. The resultant magnetic
field at the centre O of the square is in the direction of
A OM
B ON
C OP
D OQ
11 Which statement is true of Hall effect?
A The Hall voltage for ordinary metal is a few volts.
B Hall effect can be used to determine the type of charge carrier.
C The Hall voltage is not dependent on the dimensions of the material.
D The electric force by the Hall voltage on the charge carriers exceeds the magnetic force.