8x8 MIMO and Carrier Aggregation Test Challenges for LTE · PDF file• Extends the maximum...

© 2013 Agilent Technologies

Wireless Communications

8x8 MIMO and Carrier

Aggregation Test Challenges

for LTE

Presented by

Iyappan Ramachandran

Agilent Technologies



2 © 2013 Agilent Technologies


Agenda

• Industry Background

• Design Issues and Test Challenges for LTE and

LTE-A

• LTE Transmission Modes

• LTE Signal Processing

• Test Solutions



New Broadband Applications Fuel the Drive

for Next Generation Wireless Technologies

Market trends • Mobile data traffic grows at high double-digit rates

each year

• High-speed applications fuel the drive for 4G

• Demand for smart phones and other mobile devices

• Increasing wireless technology complexity

• Fierce competition

• More functionality at lower cost

Agilent response • Participate, lead on wireless standards bodies and

industry forums

• Work with industry-leading customers to bring new

technologies to market faster

• Deliver multi-format solutions that simplify design and

test of complex devices

• Deliver integrated design simulation and test to reduce

cost, time, and risk

• Deliver cost-effective test solutions with scalable

performance Last decade was for mobile communication

This decade is for mobile broadband

-Advanced

LTE

(r)

a/g/n/ac

3





Cellular evolution 1990 - 2013

TD-SCDMA (China)

802.16e (Mobile WiMAX)

WiBRO (Korea)

802.16d (Fixed WiMAX)

802.11n

GSM (Europe)

IS-136 (US TDMA)

PDC (Japan)

IS-95A (US CDMA)

HSCSD GPRS iMODE IS-95B (US CDMA)

W-CDMA (FDD & TDD)

E-GPRS (EDGE)

HSDPA HSUPA

EDGE Evolution

1x EV-DO 0 A B

HSPA+ / E-HSPA

LTE (R8/9 FDD & TDD)

LTE-Advanced (R10 & beyond)

802.16m / WiMAX2 WirelessMAN-Advanced

802.11h

802.11ac 802.11ad

cdma2000 (1x RTT)

802.11a/g

802.11b 2G

W-LAN

2.5G

3G

3.5G

3.9G/ 4G

4G / IMT-Advanced

Inc

rea

sin

g e

fficie

nc

y, ba

nd

wid

th a

nd

da

ta ra

tes

Market evolution

Technology evolution





• Mobile penetration continues to grow:

>6.5 billion subscribers worldwide by end

of 2012; >92% of world population

• Mobile data traffic is growing exponentially

• Single Video Streaming = Around 500,000

Text Messages’ Traffic

• > 2 Billion App Downloads per Month

• In addition to subscriber growth, there is

parallel growth in cellular peak data rates

It’s All About More Data, Faster!

Source: LTE World Summit presentation 2011 and Portio research

384 kbps 14 Mbps 21-168 Mbps 150-300 Mbps

HSPA+ LTE

LTE-Advanced

W-CDMA HSPA

1 Gbps Growth in cellular peak data rates (theoretical) showing more than 2500 times higher data rate over a

period of 10 years





Agenda


• Design Issues and Test Challenges for LTE and LTE-A



• Test Solutions





3GPP Release 10 and Beyond

1. Carrier aggregation

2. Enhanced multiple antenna transmission a) Downlink 8 antennas, 8 streams

b) Uplink 4 antennas, 4 streams

3. Enhanced uplink multiple access a) Clustered SC-FDMA

b) Simultaneous Control (PUCCH) and Data (PUSCH)

4. Coordinated Multipoint (CoMP)

5. Relaying

6. Home eNB mobility enhancements

7. Heterogeneous network support

8. Self Optimizing networks (SON)

Rel-10 LTE-A

proposed to ITU

Other Rel-10

and beyond

LTE-Advanced Design & Test Challenges - Carrier Aggregation Webcast

http://www.home.agilent.com/agilent/eventDetail.jspx?cc=US&lc=eng&ckey=2160818&nid=-11143.0.00&id=2160818








Test Challenges for LTE-Advanced

Adds more complexity to the Physical Layer

Carrier Aggregation

• Simultaneous transceivers creates interference problems within the UE or Base Station

Clustered SC-FDMA

• Adds to amplifier design challenges

• Creates large opportunity for in-channel and adjacent channel spur generation

MIMO

• More antennas, more complexity

• Hard to design a multi-band, MIMO antenna in small space of the handset

Needs to co-exist with legacy 2G and 3G cellular systems worldwide

8



What is Carrier Aggregation?

• Extends the maximum transmission bandwidth, up to 100 MHz, by aggregating

up to five LTE carriers – also known as component carriers (CCs)

• Lack of sufficient contiguous spectrum forces use of carrier aggregation to meet

peak data rate targets:

– 1 Gbps in the downlink and 500 Mbps in the uplink

• Motivation:

– Achieve wide bandwidth transmissions

– Facilitate efficient use of fragmented spectrum

– Efficient interference management for control channels in heterogeneous

networks

Component Carrier (CC)– up to 20 MHz BW

Reso

urc

e b

loc

k

9



Band A Band B

Carrier Aggregation Modes

Intra -band

contiguous

allocation

Reso

urc

e b

lock

f

≈

Reso

urc

e b

lock

f

Intra-band

non-contiguous

allocation

Inter-band

non-contiguous

allocation

Component Carrier (CC)– up to 20 MHz BW

Reso

urc

e b

loc

k f

Band A

Band A

10



Carrier Aggregation Band Combinations

•One of RAN WG4’s most intense activities is in the area of creating RF

requirements for specific band combinations.

• In theory there could be as many as 5 carriers but so far all the activity is

around dual carrier combinations

•The original CA work in Rel-10 was limited to three combinations

• In Rel-11 there are now up to 18 CA combinations being specified

Band

E-UTRA

operatin

g Band

Uplink (UL) band Downlink (DL) band

Duple

x

mode

UE transmit / BS receive Channel

BW

MHz

UE receive / BS

transmit Channel

BW

MHz FUL_low (MHz) – FUL_high

(MHz)

FDL_low (MHz) – FDL_high

(MHz)

CA_40 40 2300 – 2400 [TBD] 2300 – 2400 [TBD] TDD

CA_1-5 1 1920 – 1980 [TBD] 2110 – 2170 [TBD]

FDD 5 824 – 849 [TBD] 869 – 894 [TBD]

CA_3-7 3 1710 – 1788 20 1805 – 1880 20

FDD 7 2500 – 2570 20 2620 – 2690 20

11



Rel-11 Carrier Aggregation Combinations

Band Lead company Uplink Downlink Uplink Downlink Mode

CA-B3_B7* TeliaSonera 1710 - 1785 1805 - 1880 2500 - 2570 2620 - 2690 FDD

CA-B4_B17 AT&T 1710 – 1755 2110 - 2155 704 – 716 734 - 746 FDD

CA-B4_B13 Ericsson (Verizon) 1710 – 1755 2110 - 2155 777 - 787 746 - 756 FDD

CA-B4_B12 Cox Communications 1710 – 1755 2110 - 2155 698 – 716 728 - 746 FDD

CA-B20_B7 Huawei (Orange) 832 – 862 791 - 821 2500 - 2570 2620 - 2690 FDD

CA-B2_B17 AT&T 1850 – 1910 1930 - 1990 704 – 716 734 - 746 FDD

CA-B4_B5 AT&T 1710 – 1755 2110 - 2155 824 – 849 869 - 894 FDD

CA-B5_B12 US Cellular 824 – 849 869 - 894 698 – 716 728 - 746 FDD

CA-B5_B17 AT&T 824 – 849 869 - 894 704 – 716 734 - 746 FDD

CA-B20_B3 Vodafone 832 – 862 791 - 821 1710 - 1785 1805 - 1880 FDD

CA-B20_B8 Vodafone 832 – 862 791 - 821 880 – 915 925 - 960 FDD

CA-B3_B5 SK Telecom 1710 - 1785 1805 - 1880 824 – 849 869 - 894 FDD

CA-B7 China Unicom 2500 - 2570 2620 - 2690 2500 - 2570 2620 - 2690 FDD

CA-B1_B7 China Telecomm 1920 - 1980 2110 - 2170 2500 - 2570 2620 - 2690 FDD

CA-B4_B7 Rogers Wireless 1710 – 1755 2110 - 2155 2500 - 2570 2620 - 2690 FDD

CA-B25_25 Sprint 1850 - 1915 1930 - 1995 1850 - 1915 1930 - 1995 FDD

CA-B38 Huawei (CMCC) 2570 - 2620 2570 - 2620 2570 - 2620 2570 - 2620 TDD

CA-B41 Clearwire 2496 - 2690 2496 - 2690 2496 - 2690 2496 - 2690 TDD

* Carried forwards from Rel-10

12



Combinations of Carrier Aggregation

and Layers

There are multiple combinations of CA and layers that can meet the

data rates for the new and existing UE categories

The following tables define the most likely cases for which

performance requirements may be developed

UE category capability

[#CCs/BW(MHz)]

DL layers

[max #layers]

Category 6

1 / 20MHz 4

2 / 10+10MHz 4

2 / 20+20MHz 2

2 / 10+20MHz 4 (10MHz)

2(20MHz)

Category 7

1 / 20MHz 4

2 / 10+10MHz 4

2 / 20+20MHz 2

2 / 10+20MHz 4 (10MHz)

2(20MHz)

Category 8 [2 / 20+20MHz] [8]

UE category capability

[#CCs/BW(MHz)]

UL layers

[max #layers]

Category 6

1 / 20MHz 1

2 / 10+10MHz 1

1 / 10MHz 2

Category 7

2 / 20+20MHz 1

1 / 20MHz 2

2 / 10+20MHz 2 (10MHz)

1 ( 20MHz)

Category 8 [2 / 20+20MHz] [4]

Downlink Uplink

13



Design Challenges – Intra-Band Carrier

Aggregation

• Not such an issue for the eNB

because already dealing with multi-

carriers

• Major challenge for the UE

• For Intra-band: Wider Carrier being

transmitted

– More stringent linearity requirements on the

power amplifier

– UE will need to use less transmitter power

for the amplifier to remain in the linear

region

Example of CCDF plot using N7624B LTE/LTE-

Advanced Signal Studio software

2 uplink contiguous CCs

Single uplink CC

14



Design Challenges – Inter-Band Carrier

Aggregation

– Challenging radio environment in

terms of intermodulation and cross-

modulation within the UE device

– Need to design front-end

components that help reduce

harmonics, and other

intermodulation products, which

meet 3GPP requirements

Multiplex

1 BB

Multiplex

2 BB

IFFT

IFFT

D/A

D/A RF PA RF filter L2

L1 RF PA

RF filter

RF filter

• For Inter-Band: Multiple simultaneous transmit and

receive chains

15





Agenda





• Test Solutions





Multi-Antenna Techniques

Tx Diversity • Transmit orthogonally modified redundant copies

across multiple antenna’s

• Robustness to channel fading / noise

Tx0

Tx1

Frequency domain

Spatial Multiplexing • Transmit different data streams simultaneously


• Improved spectral efficiency / throughput

Tx0

Tx1

Beamforming • Transmit per antenna weighted signal copies


• Coherent beamforming gain (dB) at receiver

Tx0

Tx1





LTE Downlink MIMO Terminology

Codeword - independent transport block of data to be transmitted

a maximum of 2 is supported in LTE

- codewords mapped to multiple layers by a serial to parallel

converter process

Layer - a stream of data to be transmitted

Rank - number of layers to be transmitted

Antenna Port - no definition of antenna port to physical antenna mapping

- example: one antenna port could be mapped to four physical

antennas, but the RX perceives the transmission originated from a single

antenna.

Codebook - a predefined set of precoding weights

Precoding - complex weights used for each layer to match the

transmission to the propagation conditions of the channel.

- this process results in mapping each layer to one or more antenna ports

.

CRS

Cell-specific RS

UE1

Broadcast pattern

UE-specific pattern

UE-specific RS

Beamforming

weights

Physical

antennas



3GPP Release 8

TM1: SISO single antenna transmissions

TM2 : Tx Diversity using 2 or 4 antennas

TM3: Open-Loop SU-MIMO (Spatial Multiplexing) with CDD

TM4: Closed-Loop SU-MIMO

TM5: Closed-Loop MU-MIMO

TM6: Closed-Loop, Rank 1 Spatial Multiplexing

TM7: Rank 1 Spatial Multiplexing (Single-Layer Beamforming)

3GPP Release 9

TM8: Rank 2 Spatial Multiplexing (Dual-Layer Beamforming)

3GPP Release 10

TM9: Up to 8 layer transmissions using Ports 7 to 14

LTE DL Transmission Modes

Codebook

based precoding

Non-Codebook

based precoding

19





Transmission Mode 3

Open-Loop SU-MIMO Spatial Multiplexing

• Requires no PMI feedback from UE

• Reduced overhead since Precoding Matrix Indicator is not signaled

• Rank information still transmitted

• Used in high mobility scenarios where it is not possible to get accurate feedback

• Which precoding matrix should be used?

• Uses predetermined precoding weights

• Always uses the 1st codebook index when in open-loop mode (this index not used in

closed-loop mode)

• Cyclic Delay Diversity – why do we add this?

• Applies an increasing delay to each antenna port, before the CP

• Results in linear phase offset for each subcarrier

• Adds additional diversity - each subcarrier experiences a different beamforming pattern

Layer

mapping Precoding

Tx1

Tx2

UE

CRS Cell-specific RS





Transmission Mode 4

Closed-Loop SU-MIMO Spatial Multiplexing

• Most used case for Release 8

• Precoding based on codebook

• UE reports rank and PMI to eNB, with rank and codebook index

most closely matching channel

Layer

mapping Precoding

Tx1

Tx2

UE

Precoding Matrix Indicator (PMI)

eNB

CRS Cell-specific RS





Transmission Mode 5

Closed-Loop MU-MIMO

• Extension to TM4

• Concept is to direct each layer to a different user, rather than all layers to one UE

• Main difference is an additional power offset between PDSCH and CRS can be

signaled – necessary since the TX power can now be split between multiple users

and since UE uses RS for both amplitude & phase references. UE knows the

number of layers used in TM3 & TM4, so this information is not necessary to be

transmitted to UE’s in these cases.

• Power offset signaled in DCI Format 1D

Layer

mapping Precoding

Tx1

Tx2

UE 1

UE 2

eNB

CRS

Cell-specific RS





Transmission Mode 6

Rank 1 Spatial Multiplexing

• Essentially beamforming using 1 layer, BUT with codebook-based precoding

• UE signals which precoding matrix should be used

• Why does this mode exist (seems to be a subset of TM4)?

• Reduced signaling overhead

• UE’s with low SINR (that can’t support multiple layers)

Layer

mapping Precoding

Tx1

Tx2

UE

Precoding Matrix Indicator (PMI)

eNB





Transmission Mode 7

Single Layer Beamforming

• Available in R8 of standard

• Control channels utilize TX diversity, no beamforming

• Utilizes non-codebook based precoding

• UE still reports PMI using codebook based indexes, but eNB may or may not actually use them

• UE perceives the transmission originating from a single antenna port

• How does eNB know how to choose precoding weights?

• Measure the Sounding RS

• Channel reciprocity in the case of TDD

• Direction of Arrival (DOA) estimates using a calibrated RX array

• UE informed to use UE-specific RS for as the phase reference in demod

• Why important: Eliminates need of UE to know how precoding was performed

• Where Transmitted: UE-specific RS only transmitted in RB’s of the PDSCH for a given UE





MIMO in LTE Release 8

• Based on cell-specific RS

• Transmitted on antenna ports 0 through 3

• Support for up to 4x4 MIMO

• Transmit diversity or spatial multiplexing

• Codebook-based precoding

• Limited set of precoding matrices

• UE has to be informed of precoding used

Cell-specific RS





Transmission Mode 8

Dual Layer Beamforming


• Similar to Transmission Mode 7

• but now uses 2 layers for increased throughput

• UE can send quantized PMI feedback to eNB, not ideal, but better than none

• CQI reports made using cell specific RS because UE-specific RS may not be allocated across entire channel – important for FDD where channel reciprocity does not work like in TDD

• Utilizes non-codebook based precoding

• UE perceives the transmission originating from a two antenna ports

• UE informed to use UE-specific RS for as the phase reference in demod

• UE-specific RS are orthogonal to enable separation of the 2 layers

• Transmitted on the same resource elements & symbols for each port

• Orthogonality provided via Walsh codes

• Enables MU-MIMO in TM8 & TM9: 2 cover codes & 2 UE-Specific RS = up to 4 unique users

• MU-MIMO operation transparent to UE through use of UE-specific RS. Power ratio between RS and data scales the same way for each layer.





MIMO in Release 9

• Based on UE-specific RS ports 5, 7 and 8

• Up to 2-layers (called TM8)

• Amenable to UE-specific beamforming

• Non-codebook-based precoding

• UE-RS undergoes the same precoding

• Channel estimation/equalization based on UE-RS

• No need to inform UE of precoding

UE-specific RS

Beamforming

weights

Physical

antennas

UE-specific

pattern





Transmission Mode 9

8-Layer Transmissions


• Non-codebook based precoding used

• Extension from 2-layers in TM8 (introduced in R9) for up to 8-layers in R10

• Codewords still limited to 2. Additional codeword support adds little benefit and comes at cost of additional

signaling to support each transport block

• New CSI-RS introduced

• Used for channel estimation by the higher layers

• Relatively sparse in density since they are used for feedback only

• Can be ‘muted’ to enable reception of CSI-RS from other cells, important for COMP & Hetnet interference

management

• UE-specific RS updated to enable additional layers/antenna ports while remaining backward compatible with R9

transmissions





Antenna Ports in LTE/LTE-A

• Ports are not the same as physical antennas

• Cell-specific RS

• Ports 0 – 3

• UE-specific RS

• Port 5 defined in Rel 8

• Ports 7 and 8 defined in Rel 9

• Ports 9-14 defined in Rel 10

• MBSFN-RS (Multicast-Broadcast Single Frequency Network Reference Signal)

• Port 4

• Positioning RS

• Port 6 defined in Rel 9

• CSI-RS (Channel State Information Reference Signal)

• Ports 15-22 defined in Rel 10





Agenda





• Test Solutions





LTE Signal Processing (TM7 & TM8) (Adapted from 3GPP 36.211 and 36.212)

Channel coding

Rate matching

Code block

concatenation

110 ,...,, Aaaa

110 ,...,, Bbbb

110 ,...,, rKrrr ccc

)(

1)(

1)(

0 ,...,, iDr

ir

ir r

ddd

110 ,...,, rErrr eee

110 ,...,, Gfff

Transport block

CRC attachment

Code block segmentation

Code block CRC attachment

ScramblingModulation

mapper

Layer

mapperPrecoding

Resource element

mapper

OFDM signal

generation

Resource element

mapper

OFDM signal

generationScrambling

Modulation

mapper

layers antenna portscodewords

CRS (Cell-specific Reference Signal)

Can be weighted to produce sector wide common control Broadcast pattern

Possible when Num Physical Ports > Num CRS Ports

CRS

Cell-specific RS Broadcast pattern

PDSCH (Data)

Channel encoded as 1 or 2 codewords per Subframe (TTI)

Mapped to 1 layer for TM7 and 1 or 2 layers for TM8

BF precoding is non-codebook based

BF precoding can vary per RB & per Subframe (TTI)

UERS (UE-specific Reference Signal)

Mapped to associated TM7/TM8 PDSCH RB allocations

Same BF precoding as each associated PDSCH RB

UERS

UE-specific RS

UE-specific pattern

UE1





TM8

Dual Layer

UERS

LTE Signal Processing R8 & R9 Reference Signals: Common CRS and UE-Specific RS

TM7

Single Layer

UERS

Common

CRS

Port 0

Port 1

Port 2

Port 3

Port 7

Port 8

Port 5





MIMO in LTE-A Release 10

• Extension of MIMO based on UE-specific RS

• Up to 8 layers (8x8 MIMO) supported (called TM9)

• Transmission on ports 7 through 14

• The 8 UE-RS ports are orthogonal

• Either on time/freq grid or in code domain

Port 7 Port 8 Port 9 Port 10





LTE Signal Processing R10 Reference Signals: Common CRS and UE-Specific RS

TM8

UERS

TM9

UERS

TM7

Single Layer

UERS

Common

CRS

Port 0

Port 1

Port 2

Port 3

Port 9

Port 10

Port 7

Port 8

Port 5





CSI-RS in LTE-A Release 10

• To be used by UE to measure Channel State Information

• Fed back to eNB through CQI

• 8 ports defined : ports 15 through 22

• Relatively sparse in the time-freq grid

Port 15 Port 16 Port 17 Port 18





LTE Signal Processing

What really happens…

CRS

Cell-specific RS

UERS

UE-specific RS

Serial

to

Parallel

Converter

Mapping to physical Antennas Layer Mapper Receiver Precoding

CW1

CW2

L2

L3

P2

L1

P4

P6

P1

A2

A3

A5

A1

P…

P5

P3

MIMO Channel

A4





Agenda





• Test Solutions





Design Issues for MIMO

DSP

TRANSMITTER

DSP

RECEIVER

• Receiver needs to differentiate/

recover simultaneous multiple

signals coming at it - Requires a

wide range of test conditions/

scenarios

• Need to adequately stress

amplifiers, I/Q modulators, filters,

etc - Need to simulate real-world

signals including fading

• Receivers must deal with

complex interference - Need to

provide the ability to add

impairments to the test signals.

• Cross Coupling through power

supplies, poor grounding etc -

Requires analyzer to pick out the

right signal and look at power

characteristics

• It gets worse for picocells &

femtocells

• Signal Coding Verification - Need

the analyzer to figure out what all

the signals are before making

measurements. • Distortion in Power Amplifiers -

Needs out of band spectrum measurements.



Test Challenges in LTE systems (1 of 2)

Some specific challenges for LTE:

• Six channel bandwidths from 1.4 to 20 MHz

• Different transmission schemes for the downlink (OFDMA) and uplink (SC-

FDMA)

• Flexible transmission schemes where the physical configuration impacts RF

performance

• Specifications that include both FDD and TDD transmission modes

• Challenging measurement configurations caused by spectral, power, and time

variations due to traffic

• Multi-antenna techniques such as TX diversity, spatial multiplexing (MIMO), and

beamsteering

• Complex tradeoffs between in-channel, out-of-channel, and out-of-band

performance

• New multi-standard radio (MSR) base station transmitter requirements

• LTE-Advanced requirements including carrier aggregation (CA) for both

downlink and uplink

39



Test Challenges in LTE systems (2 of 2)

Some specific challenges for LTE:

• Receiver co-channel interference

• Receiver testing under propagation impairment conditions:

• Faded channel performance

• MIMO performance testing

• UE reports (CQI. HARQ, ...)

• Throughput

40





SystemVue: Simulation-Based 8x8 MIMO PHY Modeling A versatile design & verification tool that bridges early R&D gaps

• Explore open TX/RX baseband reference

designs for UE & eNB, with MIMO fading

• Versatile modeling environment: includes

many technologies, RF/BB models, effects

• Simulate missing system pieces and

environments for earlier R&D validation

• Leverage simulation for scripting and easy

creation of arbitrary payloads, scenarios

• Measure using 89600 VSA for consistency

Working 8x8 MIMO Reference Design

with TX, RX, MIMO Channel, and RF

8x8 MIMO Channel modeling Throughput vs. D patterns

Basestation beamforming Pattern synthesis and signal gen

Download

to/from Agilent

Sources/Analyzers

Agilent Solutions: • W1461 SystemVue

• W1918 LTE-Advanced Library

• W1715 MIMO Channel models





Test Challenges for 8x8 MIMO: Analyze

Signals from Multiple Antennas Simultaneously

Test Challenge: The signals from the multiple antennas must be aligned to within 90ns.

This requires measuring time delay between the signals from the multiple transmit

antennas with enough margin.

Agilent Solutions:

89600 VSA software

Up to 8x8 MIMO support for FDD and

TDD with time alignment error

measurement result.

Hardware: N7109A multi-channel

signal analyzer





Test Challenges

MIMO plus Carrier Aggregation for UE Rx Tests

Agilent Solution – Signal Studio for LTE-Advanced

• Create FDD or TDD signals

• Inter-band carrier aggregation in 2 RF bands

• Up to 5 component carriers

• Independent configuration for each CC

• Up to 8x8 MIMO capability

• Transport channel coding

• Cross-carrier scheduling enables control information to be carried on

another carrier

• Signal Studio synchronizes and automatically controls up to 16 signal

generators

Inter-band 1 (Up to 8x8) Inter-band 2 (Up to 8x8)

Test Challenge: Test UE’s ability to decode signals with component carriers in two separate

RF bands. Additional challenges result if each component carrier is configured for MIMO

Select RF band for each

component carrier





Snapshot of 8x8 MIMO Demod in VSA



SISO and MIMO Solutions for R&D and Design Validation

Signal Studio

89600 VSA

Software

SystemVue

Infiniium

Oscilloscopes

(13GHz BW)

X-Series

Signal Analyzer

Single Channel 2x2 MIMO 3x3, 4x4 MIMO

• Up to 8x8 MIMO

MXG/EXG Signal Generator

Wideband MIMO PXI VSA

(800 MHz BW)

Infiniium

Oscilloscopes

(13GHz BW)

Wideband MIMO PXI VSA

(800 MHz BW) (2) MXG/EXG

Signal Generators

(N) MXG/EXG Signal Generators

M9381A PXIe RF Vector

Signal Generator

8x8 MIMO

N7109 Multi-channel Signal

Analyzer

(N) MXG/EXG Signal Generators

45

(2) MXA/EXA Signal Analyzers





Agenda





• Test Solutions





For More Information

Agilent Resources

• LTE-Advanced application and product information:

www.agilent.com/find/lteadvanced

• 8x8 LTE MIMO analysis YouTube video:

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8TDaVMsKPP8

• Solutions for design and test of downlink 8x8 LTE MIMO, Application

Note: http://cp.literature.agilent.com/litweb/pdf/5991-1878EN.pdf

• 89600 VSA product information: www.agilent.com/find/vsa

• N7109A multi-channel signal analyzer information:

www.agilent.com/find/N7109A

• X-Series signal analyzer product information:

www.agilent.com/find/xseries

• Signal Studio product information: www.agilent.com/find/signalstudio

http://www.agilent.com/find/lteadvanced



http://cp.literature.agilent.com/litweb/pdf/5991-1878EN.pdf




http://www.agilent.com/find/vsa

http://www.agilent.com/find/N7109A

http://www.agilent.com/find/xseries

http://www.agilent.com/find/signalstudio



Thanks for Listening!

Any Questions?

48



Back-Up

49





What’s New: LTE-Advanced at a Glance

1

2

3

Carrier aggregation

• Support for up to 5 Aggregated Carriers

• Up to 100 MHz Bandwidth

Enhanced uplink multiple access

• Clustered SC-FDMA

• Simultaneous Control and Data

Higher order MIMO

• Downlink 8x8

• Uplink 4x4



UE Carrier Aggregation Bandwidth Classes

There is a total of six different carrier aggregation bandwidth classes

being defined.

Carrier

aggregation

bandwidth class

Maximum

number of CC

Aggregated

transmission bandwidth

configuration

3GPP

Release

A 1 NRB ≤ 100 R10

B 2 NRB ≤ 100 R10

C 2 100 < NRB ≤ 200 R10

D,E,F For future study 200 < NRB ≤ [500] Beyond R10

20 MHz BW = 100 RB (resource block)

51





Carrier Aggregation Solution

Generate and analyze:

• Up to 5 component carriers

simultaneously

• All aggregation types: Inter-band

and intra-band (both contiguous

and non-contiguous)

• Uplink and downlink signals

• FDD and TDD frame structure

Two CCs at 800 MHz Three CCs at 2100 MHz



LTE/LTE-Advanced Specifications Documents

The LTE and LTE-Advanced specifications are defined in the 36-series documents of 3GPP Standard

There are six major groups of documents

• 36.8XX & 36.9XX Technical reports (background information)

• 36.1XX Radio specifications (and eNB conformance testing)

• 36.2XX Layer 1 baseband

• 36.3XX Layer 2/3 air interface signalling

• 36.4XX Network signalling

• 36.5XX UE Conformance Testing

The latest versions of most of the documents can be found at

www.3gpp.org/ftp/Specs/html-info/36-series.htm

•The LTE-Advanced specifications are now drafted in the

Release 10 specifications

• ftp.3gpp.org/specs/latest/Rel-10/

53

http://www.3gpp.org/ftp/Specs/html-info/36-series.htm





ftp://ftp.3gpp.org/specs/latest/Rel-10/









Serial

to

Parallel

Converter


CW1

CW2

L2

L3

P1

L1

P3

P4

P1

A2

A3

A4

A1

CRS

Cell-specific RS

UERS

UE-specific RS

MIMO Channel







CRS

Cell-specific RS

UERS

UE-specific RS

Serial

to

Parallel

Converter


CW1

CW2

L2

L3

P2

L1

P4

P6

P1

A2

A3

A5

A1

P…

P5

P3

MIMO Channel

A4

8x8 MIMO and Carrier Aggregation Test Challenges for LTE · PDF file• Extends the maximum...

Documents

Transcript of 8x8 MIMO and Carrier Aggregation Test Challenges for LTE · PDF file• Extends the maximum...