8.Principle and Design of Site Remediation Facilities
Transcript of 8.Principle and Design of Site Remediation Facilities
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PRINCIPLES AND DESIGN
OF SITE REMEDIATION FACILITIES
EVT 627
HAZARDOUS WASTE TECHNOLOGY
AND MANAGEMENT
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Learning Outcomes
At the end of lectures week 11 student will
• Able to describe the objectives, status, types
and principle of remediation technology
• Be able to identify the important of remedial
technology
•
Be able to understand the concept offeasibility study in remediation process
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CONTENT
• Introduction
• Remedial Objective
•
Remedial Investigation• Remedial Technology
– Groundwater Control: Vertical Barriers
–
Groundwater Control: Horizontal Barriers – Soil Vapor Extraction
– Other Remedial Technologies
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INTRODUCTION
• In the United States, more than 60,000 sites have beenidentified that are potential threats t the public healthand/or the environment.
• By 1997, over 1,400 sites had been listed for cleanup bytheir addition to the National Priorities List under
Superfund.• In UK, up to 100,000 sites are registered as sites with
contaminated land uses was expected to be generate.
•Include some risk of contaminant migration in thesubsurface.
• Interestingly, it was never complete.
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REMEDIAL OBJECTIVE
• To render the site safe for its intendedfuture use.
• Must minimize or eliminate the hazard tohuman health and environment.
The question of risk must be address and the selection of
remedial alternatives will be influenced by their ability to
reduce the risk.
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• Risk-based corrective action (RBCA)-to
select the appropriate remedial actionprogram.
• Must recognize a certain degree of
uncertainty –
observational approach: – Remedial design based on the most probable site
condition
– Identification of parameters to monitor and
confirm conditions and performance of theremedial design
– Contingency plans for potential deviations
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REMEDIAL INVESTIGATION (RI)
• A remedial investigation (RI) is conducted at afacility to determine the extent ofcontamination and the risks to public health,welfare and the environment.
•The remedial investigation serves as themechanism for collecting data to: – characterize site conditions;
– determine the nature of the waste;
– assess risk to human health and the environment;and
– conduct treatability testing to evaluate thepotential performance and cost of the treatmenttechnologies that are being considered.
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• The Feasibility Study (FS) is the mechanism forthe development, screening, and detailedevaluation of alternative remedial actions.
• The RI and FS are conducted concurrently
• Data collected in the RI influence thedevelopment of remedial alternatives in the FS,which in turn affect the data needs and scopeof treatability studies and additional fieldinvestigations.
• This phased approach encourages the continualscoping of the site characterization effort,which minimizes the collection of unnecessarydata and maximizes data quality.
REMEDIAL INVESTIGATION (RI)
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• The RI/FS process includes these
phases:
– Scoping
– Site Characterization
– Development and Screening of
Alternatives
– Treatability Investigations and
– Detailed Analysis
REMEDIAL INVESTIGATION (RI)
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Learning Outcomes
At the end of lecture of week 12 student will
• Be able to describe the technology for
remediation
• Be able to understand the differences of
vertical and horizontal barriers
• Be able to identify others remediation
technology
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REMEDIAL TECHNOLOGY GROUNDWATER CONTROL: VERTICAL BARRIERS
• Employed to contain contaminants or to
redirect groundwater flow.
• Vertical barrier techniques:
– Slurry trench cutoff walls
– Grout curtains
– Steel sheet piling
– Deep soil-mixed walls
– Vibrating beam cutoff walls, etc.
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REMEDIAL TECHNOLOGY GROUNDWATER CONTROL: VERTICAL BARRIERS
• Function of vertical barriers-to inhibit the flowof clean groundwater to the site.
• Used with groundwater extraction andtreatment system.
• Types of vertical barriers system: – Circumferential cutoff walls
– Upgradient vertical barriers
– Down-gradient vertical barriers
•Embedment of vertical barrier walls: – Keyed vertical barrier wall
– Hanging vertical barrier wall
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REMEDIAL TECHNOLOGY GROUNDWATER CONTROL: VERTICAL BARRIERS
– Circumferential cutoff walls
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REMEDIAL TECHNOLOGY GROUNDWATER CONTROL: VERTICAL BARRIERS
– Upgradient vertical barriers
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REMEDIAL TECHNOLOGY GROUNDWATER CONTROL: VERTICAL BARRIERS
– Down-gradient vertical barriers
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REMEDIAL TECHNOLOGY GROUNDWATER CONTROL: VERTICAL BARRIERS
• Embedment of vertical barrier walls:
– Keyed vertical barrier wall
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REMEDIAL TECHNOLOGY GROUNDWATER CONTROL: VERTICAL BARRIERS
• Embedment of vertical barrier walls:
– Hanging vertical barrier wall
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REMEDIAL TECHNOLOGY GROUNDWATER CONTROL: HORIZONTAL BARRIERS
• Same purpose with vertical barriers
• Types:
– Grouted liner system
– Block Displacement Technique
– Lagoon-Sealing Techniques
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REMEDIAL TECHNOLOGY GROUNDWATER CONTROL: HORIZONTAL BARRIERS
Grouted Liner System
– well establish technology
–
The grout is injected uniformly in planview to the desired depth beneath
the site.
– Successfully used to control the influx
of groundwater in excavation
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REMEDIAL TECHNOLOGY GROUNDWATER CONTROL: HORIZONTAL BARRIERS
Block Displacement Technique
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REMEDIAL TECHNOLOGY GROUNDWATER CONTROL: HORIZONTAL BARRIERS
Lagoon-Sealing Technique
– To reduce the leakage from the bottom of
lagoon
– Material used to construct:• Bentonite
– A high-swelling clay
– Can be produced in a granular form
– When spread over the surface of lagoon,
the granules sink and form a blanket over
the lagoon bottom.
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REMEDIAL TECHNOLOGY SOIL VAPOR EXTRACTION (SVE)
• Utilized to remove VOC from soils in the vadose
zone
• The process consist of passing an air stream
through the soil, thereby transferring thecontaminants from the soil matrix to the air
system.
• Implemented by installing vapor extraction wells
in the one of contamination and applying avacuum to induce the movement of soil gases.
• Typically include knockout drums to remove
moisture from the soil gases, followed by vapor
phase treatment to discharge to the atmosphere.
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REMEDIAL TECHNOLOGY SOIL VAPOR EXTRACTION (SVE)
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REMEDIAL TECHNOLOGY
OTHER REMEDIAL TECHNOLOGIES
- Excavation and Disposal
- Simple and often applied
- Excavate the site and dispose of the materialsat another location.
- Also known as “dig-and-dump” (UK)
- Excavation equipment: draglines, backhoes,bulldozers, loaders, etc.
- Transportation is usually in containerized
vehicles with adequate protection againstspillage and leakage
- Fastest method to remediate a site
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REMEDIAL TECHNOLOGY
OTHER REMEDIAL TECHNOLOGIES
Soil Washing
– Cost-effective technologies to handle such
large volumes of contaminated materials.
– Washing may be with water, solvents,aqueous extraction agents, or even air.
– May be done on the entire soil/sediment
matrix or on selected portions containing
the contaminants that are separated from
the clean portion by fractionation.
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REMEDIAL TECHNOLOGY
OTHER REMEDIAL TECHNOLOGIES
Low-Temperature Soil Treatment
– Remediate soil contaminated with organic
– Soil is heated to 300-400 F.
– Air is blown through the soil as a carrier for
desorbed organics, then captured and
treated, typically by condensation.
–
Remove efficiency-88% of VOC.
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