Year 8 Spanish Knowledge Organiser

Unit 1- La Ropa

8.1 Llevar (to wear) in the present tense

Llevar To wear Llevo I wear Llevas You wear Lleva He/she wears Llevamos We wear Lleváis You (plural) wear Llevan They wear

8.2 Clothes

Unos pantalones Trousers Unos vaqueros Jeans Un jersey Jumper Un vestido a dress Unas botas Boots Una sudadera a sweatshirt Una camisa a shirt Una camiseta a t-shirt Unos zapatos Shoes Unas zapatillas de deporte Trainers Una falda a skirt Una gorra a cap Una chaqueta a jacket/ a blazer Un uniforme a uniform Un bañador a swimming costume Ropa de deporte sports clothes Unas gafas de sol some sunglasses

8.3 Colours

Rojo Red Negro Black Rosa Pink Marrón Brown Blanco White Azul Blue Verde Green Gris Grey Amarillo Yellow Naranja Orange Violeta Purple

8.4 Colour/adjectival agreement

Masculine singular

Feminine singular

Masculine plural

Feminine plural

Adjectives/colours ending in -o

Rojo Roja Rojos Rojas Divertido Divertida Divertidos Divertidas

Adjectives/colours ending in -ón

Marrón Marrón Marrones Marrones

Adjectives/colours ending in -e

Verde Verde Verdes Verdes Inteligente Inteligente Inteligentes Inteligentes

Adjectives/colours ending in –l/-s

Azul Azul Azules Azules Gris Gris Grises Grises

Invariable adjectives

Naranja Naranja Naranja Naranja Violeta Violeta Violeta Violeta Rosa Rosa Rosa Rosa Guay Guay Guay Guay

8.5 Adjectives and opinions

When we justify opinions, we must be accurate using es and son and make sure we always double-check our adjectival agreements. See 8.4. for more information.

Me gusta llevar I like to wear No me gusta llevar I don’t like to wear Odio llevar I hate wearing Me encanta llevar I love wearing …porque es… …because it is… …porque son… …because they are… Anticuado old-fashioned Barato Cheap Bonito Pretty Feo Ugly Caro Expensive Cómodo Comfortable Incómodo Uncomfortable Moderno Modern Deportivo Sporty Elegante smart/ elegant Corto Short Largo Long

8.6 Using comparatives

We use comparatives to compare one noun to another; in this unit we will be comparing items of clothing. In English, a comparative is when we add –er to an adjective e.g. faster than, slower than or when we add more/less before an adjective e.g. more/less intelligent than.

Más (adjective) que More … than Menos (adjective) que Less …than Tan (adjective) como As … as

Don’t forget to check your adjectival agreements and es and son!

8.7 Superlatives

We use superlatives to say which noun is the most superior or inferior. In English, this is when we add –est to an adjective e.g. the fastest, the slowest or when we put most/least in front of an adjective e.g. the most/least intelligent.

Most Least Masculine singular El más (adjective) El menos (adjective) Feminine singular La más (adjective) La menos (adjective) Masculine plural Los más (adjective) Los menos (adjective) Feminine plural Las más (adjective) Las menos (adjective)

Don’t forget to check your adjectival agreements and es and son!

8.8 Saying this, these, that and those in Spanish

Masculine singular

Feminine singular

Masculine plural

Feminine plural

This Este Esta These Estos Estas That Ese Esa Those Esos Esas

For example:

This dress= este vestido This skirt= esta falda These shoes= estos zapatos These caps= estas gorras

That dress= ese vestido That skirt= esa falda Those shoes= esos zapatos Those caps= esas gorras

8.9 Detailed clothes description- Materials, patterns and shapes

De rayas Striped De cuadros Chequered De lunares Spotted De cuero Leather De manga corta Short-sleeved De manga larga Long-sleeved Sin mangas Sleeveless Estampado Patterned De tacón High-heeled

Note- estampado is an adjective so it must follow the same rules as other adjectives ending in –o. See 8.4

8.10 Near future tense with llevar

Voy a

llevar

I am going to wear Vas a You are going to wear Va a He/she is going to wear Vamos a We are going to wear Vais a You (plural) are going to

wear Van a They are going to wear

8.11 Preterite tense AR verbs

The preterite tense is used to describe an isolated action in the past e.g. I took photos, I visited monuments etc. To form it, you remove the AR from the infinitive and add the following endings

I -é You -aste He/she -ó We -amos You (plural) -asteis They -aron

The verb we are using for this topic is llevar; the formation of it in the preterite tense is below:

Llevar To wear Llevé I wore Llevaste You wore Llevó He/she wore Llevamos We wore Llevasteis You (plural) wore Llevaron They wore

Unit 2- La comida

8.12 Food

El flan crème caramel La sopa Soup El marisco Seafood Las verduras Vegetables Las galletas Biscuits Las patatas fritas chips/ crisps La fruta Fruit El pescado Fish Los caramelos sweets Los calamares Calamari Los pasteles Cakes El gazpacho cold tomato soup El pollo Chicken La ensalada Salad El helado ice-cream Los cereales Cereal Las tostadas Toast El bocadillo Sandwich El queso Cheese El jamón Ham La limonada Lemonade La Coca-Cola Coke La carne meat El zumo de naranja orange juice Las gambas Prawns El filete Steak El agua con gas fizzy wáter El agua sin gas Still water

8.13 Adjectives and opinions

When we justify opinions, we must be accurate using es and son and make sure we always double-check our adjectival agreements. See 8.4 for more information.

Me gusta comer I like to eat No me gusta comer I don’t like to eat Odio comer I hate eating Me encanta comer I love eating …porque es …because it is… …porque son …because they are… Sabroso Tasty Asqueroso Disgusting Rico Delicious Frito Fried Grasiento greasy Sano Healthy Malsano Unhealthy Salado salty Dulce Sweet Soso Bland Picante Spicy Jugoso juicy

Cremoso Creamy Crujiente crunchy

Don’t forget to apply the adjectival agreements rule when justifying opinions. See 8.4 for more information

8.14 Preterite tense for ER and IR verbs

In the previous unit, we looked at AR verbs in the preterite tense. Now we’ll look at ER and IR verbs as the share the same endings. Below there is a formation table and an example of a conjugated ER and IR verb.

ER verbs IR verbs

I -í -í You -iste -iste He/she -ió -ió We -imos -imos You (plural)

-isteis -isteis

They -ieron -ieron

8.15 En el mercado

Tomates Tomatoes Peras Pears Manzanas Apples Zanahorias Carrots Naranjas Oranges Cebollas Onions Huevos Eggs Plátanos Bananas Uvas Grapes Queso Cheese Jamón Ham Agua Water Leche Milk Pan Barra Cien 100 Quinientos 500 Cuatrocientos 400 Doscientos 200 Trescientos 300 Ochocientos 800 Setecientos 700 Seiscientos 600 Novecientos 900

Comer To eat Comí I ate Comiste You ate Comió He/she ate Comimos We ate Comisteis You (plural) ate Comieron They ate

Vivir To live Viví I lived Viviste You lived Vivió He/she lived Vivimos We lived Vivisteis You (plural) lived Vivieron They lived

Una lata a tin Un cartón a carton Un paquete a packet Una botella a bottle Una barra a loaf Un kilo de a kilo of Medio kilo de half a kilo of Un kilo y medio de a kilo and a half of Dos kilos de two kilos of

8.16 Imperfect tense

The imperfect tense is used to describe an ongoing or repeated action in the past. For this topic, we would normally translate it as used to. There is one set of endings for AR verbs and one set of endings which ER verbs and IR verbs share. For both sets of verbs, you need to remove the AR, ER or IR and add in the correct ending.

ER verbs I -ía You - ías He/she - ía We - íamos You (plural)

- íais

They - ían

Below are a few examples of some verbs in the imperfect tense which you will find useful for this topic:

Beber: To drink Bebía I used to drink Bebías You used to drink Bebía He/she used to drink Bebíamos We used to drink Bebíais You (plural) used to drink Bebían They used to drink

AR verbs I -aba You -abas He/she -aba We -ábamos You (plural)

-abais

They -aban

Tomar: To have (food) Tomaba I used to have Tomabas You used to have Tomaba He/she used to have Tomábamos We used to have Tomabais You (plural) used to

have Tomaban They used to have

Pedir: To order (in a restaurant) Pedía I used to order Pedías You used to order Pedía He/she used to order Pedíamos We used to order Pedíais You (plural) used to

order Pedían They used to order

8.17 Leading a healthy lifestyle

Para llevar una vida sana To lead a healthy lifestyle Es importante It’s important Es esencial It’s essential Es necesario It’s necessary Se debe You must Mantenerse en forma (To) keep fit Evitar a (To) avoid Hacer ejercicio (To) do exercise Fumar (To) smoke Tener una dieta equilibrada (To) have a balanced diet Beber alcohol (To) drink alcohol Beber bebidas azuaradas (To) drink sugary drinks Beber bebidas energéticas (To) drink energy drinks Beber refrescos (To) drink fizzy drinks Dormir ocho horas al día (To) sleep 8 hours a day Tomar drogas (To) take drugs

Unit 3- Las Vacaciones

8.18 Countries

Portugal Portugal Escocia Scotland España Spain Gales Wales Irlanda Ireland Italia Italy Alemania Germany Francia France Grecia Greece Los Estados Unidos United States México Mexico Inglaterra England

8.19 Verb ir in present tense

In the first part of this unit, we’ll be saying where we normally go on holiday and why. To do this, you’ll need to know how to use the following verb:

Ir a- to go to Voy a I go to Vas a You go to Va a He/she goes to Vamos a We go to Vais a You (plural) go

to Van a They go to

8.20 Weather phrases and seasons in the present tense

En primavera In spring En verano In summer En otoño In autumn En invierno In winter Hace buen tiempo The weather is nice Hace mal tiempo The weather is bad Hace calor It’s hot Hace sol It’s sunny Hace frío It’s cold Hace viento It’s windy Está nublado It’s cloudy Hay niebla It’s foggy Hay tormenta It’s stormy Llueve It rains Nieva It snows

8.21 Preterite tense of ir

Ir- to go Fui I went Fuiste You went Fue He/she went Fuimos We went Fuisteis You (plural)

went Fueron They went

8.22 Transport

Fui en... I go by/on a Voy en... We went by/on a Coche Car Avión plane Barco Boat Tren Train Autobús Bus Monopatín Skateboard Bicicleta Bike Autocar Coach A pie On foot

8.23 Activities

Tomar el sol To sunbathe Sacar fotos To take photos Jugar al voleibol To play volleyball Pintar To paint Escuchar música To listen to music Montar en bicicleta To go on a bike ride Ir de compras To go shopping Visitar monumentos To visit monuments Bailar en la discoteca To dance in a nightclub/disco

Use 8.1 and 8.11 to write/say sentences using these activities in the present and preterite tenses.

8.24 Saying how good a time you had

Lo

Pasé

Adjective

I had a ............ time Pasaste You had a ............

time Pasó He/she had a ............

time Pasamos We had a ............

time Pasasteis You (plural) had a

............ time Pasaron They had a ............

time

8.25 Saying where you stayed using the reflexive verbs alojarse and quedarse

Reflexive verbs have what we call a reflexive pronoun in front of the verb. You have seen this before with me llamo and other daily routine phrases such as me levanto, me ducho etc.

Alojarse- to stay (accommodation)

Me alojé I stayed Te alojaste You stayed Se alojó He/she stayed Nos alojamos

We stayed

Os alojasteis You (plural) stayed

Se alojaron They stayed

You can use the endings for present tense for AR verbs in 8.1.1. to say where you normally stay.

8.26 Weather in the preterite tense

You can use these phrases to say what the weather was like on a specific day

Hizo buen tiempo The weather was nice Hizo mal tiempo The weather was bad Hizo calor It was hot Hizo sol It was sunny Hizo frío It was cold Hizo viento It was windy Estuvo nublado It was cloudy Estuvo niebla It was foggy Estuvo tormenta It was stormy Llovió It was rains Nevó It was snows

8.27 Phrases for future tense holidays

You can use these phrases to say what you are going to do for your future holidays. Before doing this, you should recap the near future tense.

El año próximo Next year El verano próximo Next summer El agosto próximo Next August Me gustaría ir a (country) I would like to go to (country) Voy a ir a (country) I am going to go to (country) Voy a ir en (transport) I am going to go by (transport)

Quedarse- to stay Me quedé I stayed Te quedaste You stayed Se quedó He/she stayed Nos quedamos We stayed Os quedasteis You (plural)

stayed Se quedaron They stayed

Voy a alojarme en (accommodation) I am going to stay in (accommodation) Voy a (activity) I am going to (activity)

You can also use your knowledge of the future tense to say what you and your family are going to do or what other people are going to do.

8.28 Conditional tense

This tense roughly translates to would in English to say what actions you would take in a hypothetical situation. In this unit, we are looking at an ideal holiday context. The tense formation is very simple. As you can see below, you simply add the same set of endings on to the infinitive.

Viajar- to travel Comer- to eat Vivir- to live Viajaría I would travel Comería I would eat Viviría I would live Viajarías You would

travel Comerías You would

eat Vivirías You would live

Viajaría He/she would travel

Comería He/she would eat

Viviría He/she would live

Viajaríamos We would travel

Comeríamos We would eat Viviríamos We would live

Viajaríais You (plural) would travel

Comeríais You (plural) would eat

Viviríais You (plural) would live

Viajarían They would travel

Comerían They would eat

Vivirían They would live

8.29 If clauses to use with conditional tense

You should use these if clauses as they are mini-juicy bits in their own right and combine them with the conditional tense in order to create very complex sentences.

Si ganara la lotería If I won the lottery Si ganáramos la lotería If we won the lottery Si tuviera mucho dinero If I had lots of money Si tuviéramos mucho dinero If we had lots of money Si fuera rico/a If I were rich Si fuéramos ricos/as If we were rich Si tuviera mucho tiempo If I had lots of time Si tuviéramos mucho tiempo If we had lots of time

Unit 4- Las costumbres y los festivales

8.30 Customs and traditions

La cena Evening meal El desayuno Breakfast La tradición Tradition Cenar To have dinner/tea Desayunar To have breakfast Comer To eat/have lunch Terminar To end Empezar To start

8.31 General festival vocabulary

Tiene lugar en It takes place in Se celebra en It is celebrated in Es conocido/a por It is known for A finales de (month) At the end of (month) A principios de (month) At the beginning of (month) Desde Since Conmemorar To commemorate El disfraz Costume El encierro Bull run El desfile Parade/procession Hace (period of time) (Period of time) ago Típico Typical Visitante Visitor