8 Middle Kingdom(2)
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Transcript of 8 Middle Kingdom(2)
The Middle Kingdom
Dynasties 11-13
ca. 2040-1640 BCE
The End of Chaos• Nehepetra MontuhotepNehepetra Montuhotep (Dynasty 11) unifies
Egypt
• Ends 1st Intermediate Period, establishes Middle Kingdom
• Changes his Horus name to Sematawy (he who unifies two lands)
• ThebesThebes now dominate city
• Initiates a new artistic style:• Access to Memphis area• Distances himself from previous chaos• Signals return to centralized state• Intentionally links himself to Memphite style• Constant tension between tradition & innovation
Pre-unification StylePre-unification Style Post-unification StylePost-unification Style
Intentional Reference to Old Kingdom Memphite StylesIntentional Reference to Old Kingdom Memphite Styles
Deir el-BahriDeir el-Bahri, western Thebes
ThebesThebes
Wahankh Inyotef II
ThebesThebes
Thebes: El-QurnThebes: El-Qurn
Mortuary Temple of MontuhotepMortuary Temple of MontuhotepDeir el-Bahri, Dynasty 11, ca. 2030 BCE
6’ 9”
Statues of Mentuhotep I forecourtStatues of Mentuhotep I forecourtMortuary Temple of MontuhotepDeir el-Bahri, Dynasty 11, ca. 2030 BCE
6’ 9”
Mortuary Temple of MontuhotepMortuary Temple of MontuhotepDeir el-Bahri, Dynasty 11, ca. 2030 BCE
Mortuary Temple of MontuhotepMortuary Temple of MontuhotepDeir el-Bahri, Dynasty 11, ca. 2030 BCE
Battle Scene reliefBattle Scene reliefMortuary Temple of MontuhotepDeir el-Bahri, Dynasty 11, ca. 2030 BCE
Montu Embracing Montuhotep reliefMontu Embracing Montuhotep reliefMortuary Temple of MontuhotepDeir el-Bahri, Dynasty 11, ca. 2030 BCE
Montuhotep Statue in Burial ChamberMontuhotep Statue in Burial ChamberMortuary Temple of MontuhotepDeir el-Bahri, Dynasty 11, ca. 2030 BCE
Dynasty 12:Dynasty 12:
Kings rule from MemphisBuried at Lisht
Pyramid Complex of Senwosret IPyramid Complex of Senwosret ILisht, Dynasty 12, ca. 1930 BCE
Pyramid Complex of Senwosret IPyramid Complex of Senwosret ILisht, Dynasty 12, ca. 1930 BCE
Sahura, AbusirSahura, AbusirSenwosret I, LishtSenwosret I, Lisht
Mummiform statue of Senwosret IMummiform statue of Senwosret IPyramid Complex of Senwosret ILisht, Dynasty 12, ca. 1930 BCE
Dynasty 12 Temples
• Great period of temple building
• Rebuilt, adorn, and build new temples at HeliopolisHeliopolis and KarnakKarnak
• Most mudbrick with stone elements
Jubilee Shrine of Senwosret IJubilee Shrine of Senwosret IKarnak, Dynasty 12, ca. 1940 BCE
Function:Function:Jubilee festival kioskHeld double throne of Senwosret I
After death: Transformed into a way station for the barq of Amun
Jubilee Shrine of Senwosret I: pillar reliefsJubilee Shrine of Senwosret I: pillar reliefsKarnak, Dynasty 12, ca. 1940 BCE
Amun-Ra Atum
Jubilee Shrine of Senwosret I: relief pillarJubilee Shrine of Senwosret I: relief pillarKarnak, Dynasty 12, ca. 1940 BCE
Montu Amun-Ra
Jubilee Shrine of Senwosret I: relief pillarJubilee Shrine of Senwosret I: relief pillarKarnak, Dynasty 12, ca. 1940 BCE
Senwosret IIISenwosret IIIDynasty 12, ca. 1850 BCE
Papyrus with a fragment of the Instructions of Amenemhat I
Dynasty 12: Royal Instruction TextsDynasty 12: Royal Instruction Texts
“Trust none as brother. Make no friend.
Create no intimates - it is worthless…”
Dynasty 12: Royal Instruction TextsDynasty 12: Royal Instruction Texts
“…I myself was maker of crops beloved of Nepri.
The Nile Flood honored me at every embrace.
None hungered in my years, none thirsted then.
Men rested through what I had done, and told tales of me.
All I had decreed was in its correct place.”
Dynasty 12: Royal Instruction TextsDynasty 12: Royal Instruction Texts
Amenemhat IIIAmenemhat IIIDynasty 12, ca. 1800 BCE
Amenemhat III as SphinxAmenemhat III as SphinxDynasty 12, ca. 1800 BCE
Beni Hasan TombsBeni Hasan Tombs
Tomb of AmenemhatTomb of AmenemhatBeni HasanDynasty 12, ca. 1850 BCE
Tomb of AmenemhatTomb of AmenemhatBeni HasanDynasty 12, ca. 1850 BCE
Tomb of Kheti, Beni Hasan
Tomb of Amenemhat, Beni Hasan
Tomb of KhnumhotepTomb of KhnumhotepBeni Hasan, Dynasty 12, ca. 1890 BCE
Tomb of Khnumhotep:Tomb of Khnumhotep:Khnumhotep Bird trappingKhnumhotep Bird trappingBeni HasanDynasty 12, ca. 1890 BCE
Tomb of Khnumhotep: Feeding oryxesTomb of Khnumhotep: Feeding oryxesBeni HasanDynasty 12, ca. 1890 BCE
Tomb of Khnumhotep: Fig pickingTomb of Khnumhotep: Fig pickingBeni HasanDynasty 12, ca. 1890 BCE
The HyksosThe Hyksos
Tomb of Khnumhotep: Procession of ForeignersTomb of Khnumhotep: Procession of ForeignersBeni HasanDynasty 12, ca. 1890 BCE
c.2500 BC
c. 2050 BC
Grave of Osiris
Abydos: Cult of OsirisAbydos: Cult of Osiris
Offering formula
Sahathor at offering table
Block statue
Stela & Block Statue of SahathorStela & Block Statue of SahathorAbydosDynasty 12, ca. 1900 BCE
Kahun: Pyramid TownKahun: Pyramid TownDynasty 12
Middle Kingdom
Funerary Developments
Sarcophagus of Princess KawitSarcophagus of Princess KawitDynasty 11
Wadjet-eye“Eyes of Horus”
Interior of Coffin of SeniInterior of Coffin of SeniBersha, Dynasty 12
Pyramid TextPyramid TextCoffin TextCoffin Text
Faience shabtisFaience shabtisMiddle Kingdom
Tomb of Meketra and Tomb of Wah, Thebes
Tomb of Meketra (Dynasty 11)
Tomb of DjashaDynasty 5
Tomb of Meketra (Dynasty 11)
Tomb of MerirahahetefDynasty 6
Tomb of Meketra (Dynasty 11)
Tomb of Meketra (Dynasty 11)
Tomb of Meketra (Dynasty 11)
Tomb of Meketra (Dynasty 11)
Tomb of Meketra (Dynasty 11)
Scribes from the granary model
Tomb of Meketra (Dynasty 11)
Assessing the cattle
Tomb of Meketra (Dynasty 11)
Assessing the cattleTomb of Meketra (Dynasty 11)
Tomb of Meketra (Dynasty 11)
Tomb of Meketra
44”
Tomb of Meketra (Dynasty 11)
Tomb of Meketra (Dynasty 11)