75732156 Succession Digests Part 2a

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SUCCESSION A2010 page 17 Late Digests ABANGAN v ABANGAN 40 Phil 476 AVANCENA  FACTS - On September 19, 1917, CFI of Cebu admitted to probate Ana Abangan's will executed July, 1916. From this decision the opponents appealed. - The will consist s of 2 sheets. The first con tains all the disp osition of the testa trix, duly signed at the bottom by Martin Montalban (in the name and under the direction of the testatrix) and by three witnesses. The following sheet contains only the attestation clause duly signed at the bottom by the three instrumental witnesses. Neither of these sheets is signed on the left margin by the testatrix and the three witnesses, nor numbered by lett ers. These omi ssions, accordin g to appellant s' contention, are defects whereby the probate of the will should have been denied. ISSUE WON the will was duly admitted to probate. HELD  YES. In requiring that each and every sheet of the w ill be signed on the left margin by the testator and three witnesses in the presence of each other, Act No. 2645 evidently has for its object the avoidance of substitution of any of said sheet s which may change the disposition of the testatrix. But when these dispositions are wholly written on only one sheet  (as in the instant case) signed at the bottom by the testator and three witnesses, their signatures on the left margin of said sheet are not anymore necessary as such will be purposeless. In requiri ng that each and ever y page of a will must be number ed correlatively in letters placed on the upper part of the sheet, it is likewise clear that the object of Act No. 2645 is to know whether any sheet of the will has been removed. But, when all the dispositive parts of a will are written on one sheet only, the object of the statute disappears because the removal of this single sheet, although unnumbered, cannot be hidden. In a will consisting of two sheets the first of which contains all the testamentary dispositions and is signed at the bottom by the testator and three witnesses and the second contains only the attestation clause and is signed also at the bottom by the three witne sses, it is not necessar y that both sheets be furthe r signed on their margins by the testator and the witnesses, or be paged.  The object of the solemnities surrounding the execution of wills is to close the door against bad faith and fraud, to avoid substitution of wills and testaments and to guara nty their truth and authentici ty. Therefore the laws on this subject should be interpreted in such a way as to attain these primordal ends. But, on the other hand, also one must not lose sight of the fact that it is not the object of the law to restrain and curtail the exercise of the right to make a will. So when an interpretation already given assures such ends, any other interpretation whatsoever, that adds nothing but demands more requisites entirely unnecessary, useless and frustative of the testator's last will, must be disregarded. SUROZA v HONRADO A.M. No. 2026 AQUINO; December 19, 1981 FACTS - Respondent judge admitted to probate a will, which on its face is void because it is writ ten in Engli sh, a langua ge not known to the illiter ate testatri x, and whic h is probably forged. - Mauro Suroza, a member of the US Army married Marcelina Salvador. They were childless but they reared a boy named Agapito. Mauro died and Marcelina became a pensioner of the Federal Government. - Agapito married Nenita and had a child Lilia. Agapito was eventually disabled and Nenita was appointed guardian when he was declared as incompetent in a court proceeding. Arsenia dela Cruz also wanted to be Agapito's guardian. She tried to prove that Nenita was unfaithful to Agapito. The second guardianship proceeding was dismissed and Nenita's appointment was confirmed. - Spouses Antonio Sy and Hermogena Talan begot a child named Marilyn Sy, who was entrusted to Arsenia and later delivered to Marcelina Salvador Suroza. Marilyn was brought up as the supposed daughter of Agapito, but she was not legally adopted. Marliyn married Oscar Medrano - Marcelina supposedly executed a notarial will when she was 73 years old. That will which is in English was thumbmarked by her . She was illiterate.  Marcelina bequeathed all her estat e to her suppo sed granddaug hter Marilyn. When Marcelina died, she owned a 150-square meter lot and house in that place. - Marina Paje, alleged to be a laundrywoman of Marcelina and the executrix in her will, filed with the Court a petition for the probate of Marcelina's alleged will. The case was assigned to Judge Reynaldo P. Honrado. - Judge Honrado appointed Marina as administratrix. - Upon moti on of Marina, Judge Honrado issued another order instructing a deput y sheriff to eject the occupants of the testatrix's house, among whom was Nenita V. Suroza, and to place Marina in possession thereof. That order alerted Nenita to the exist ence of the testamenta ry proceeding for the settlemen t of Marcelina' s estate. She and the other occupants of the decedent's house filed a motion to set aside the order ejecting them. They alleged that the decedent's son Agapito was the sole heir of the deceased, that he has a daughter named Lilia, that Nenita was Agapito's guardian and that Marilyn was not Agapito's daughter nor the decedent's granddaughter. Later, they questioned the probate court's jurisdiction to issue the ejectment order. -Judge Honrado issued an order probating her supposed will wherein Marilyn was the instituted heiress. - Nenita filed in the testate case an omnibus petition "to set aside proceedings, admit opposition with counter-petition for administration and preliminary injunction". Nenita reiterated her allegation that Marilyn was a stranger to Marcelina, that the will was not duly execute d and attested , that it was procu red by means of undue influence employed by Marina and Marilyn and that the thumbmarks of the testatrix were procured by fraud or trick. - Marina in her answer admitted that Marilyn was not Marcelina's granddaughter but was the daught er of Agapit o and Arsenia de la Cruz and that Aga pit o was not Marcelina's son but merely an anak-anakan  who was not legally adopted. - Judge Honrado dismissed Nenita's counter-petition for the issuance of letters of administration because of the non-appearance of her counsel at the hearing. - In a motion for the consolidation of all pending incidents, Nenita V. Suroza reiterated her contention that the alleged will is void because Marcelina did not appear before the notary and because it is written in English which is not known to her.

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SUCCESSION A2010 page 17

Late DigestsABANGAN v ABANGAN

40 Phil 476AVANCENA

 FACTS- On September 19, 1917, CFI of Ceb !"mitte" to prob!te An! Ab!n#!n$%&ill e'e(te" )l*, 1916+ From thi% "e(i%ion the opponent% !ppe!le"+- he &ill (on%i%t% of %heet%+ he fir%t (ont!in% !ll the "i%po%ition of thete%t!tri', "l* %i#ne" !t the bottom b* .!rtin .ont!lb!n /in the n!me !n"n"er the "ire(tion of the te%t!tri' !n" b* three &itne%%e%+ he follo&in#%heet (ont!in% onl* the !tte%t!tion (l!%e "l* %i#ne" !t the bottom b* thethree in%trment!l &itne%%e%+ Neither of these sheets is signed on theleft margin by the testatrix and the three witnesses, nor nmberedby letters+ he%e omi%%ion%, !((or"in# to !ppell!nt%$ (ontention, !re"efe(t% &hereb* the prob!te of the &ill %hol" h!e been "enie"+

!SS"#2ON the &ill &!% "l* !"mitte" to prob!te+

$#LD 3ES+ In reirin# th!t e!(h !n" eer* %heet of the &ill be %i#ne" on the leftm!r#in b* the te%t!tor !n" three &itne%%e% in the pre%en(e of e!(h other,A%t No& '()* ei"entl* h!% for it% ob5e(t the !oi"!n(e of %b%tittion of!n* of %!i" %heet% &hi(h m!* (h!n#e the "i%po%ition of the te%t!tri'+ Btwhen these dis+ositions are wholly written on only one sheet   /!% inthe in%t!nt (!%e %i#ne" !t the bottom b* the te%t!tor !n" three &itne%%e%,their %i#n!tre% on the left m!r#in of %!i" %heet !re not !n*more ne(e%%!r*!% %(h &ill be prpo%ele%%+In reirin# th!t e!(h !n" eer* p!#e of ! &ill m%t be nmbere"(orrel!tiel* in letter% pl!(e" on the pper p!rt of the %heet, it i% lie&i%e(le!r th!t the ob5e(t of A(t No+ 64 i% to no& &hether !n* %heet of the &ill

h!% been remoe"+ 8t, &hen !ll the "i%po%itie p!rt% of ! &ill !re &ritten onone %heet onl*, the ob5e(t of the %t!tte "i%!ppe!r% be(!%e the remo!l ofthi% %in#le %heet, !ltho#h nnmbere", (!nnot be hi""en+In ! &ill (on%i%tin# of t&o %heet% the fir%t of &hi(h (ont!in% !ll the te%t!ment!r*"i%po%ition% !n" i% %i#ne" !t the bottom b* the te%t!tor !n" three &itne%%e% !n" the%e(on" (ont!in% onl* the !tte%t!tion (l!%e !n" i% %i#ne" !l%o !t the bottom b* thethree &itne%%e%, it i% not ne(e%%!r* th!t both %heet% be frther %i#ne" on theirm!r#in% b* the te%t!tor !n" the &itne%%e%, or be p!#e"+

 he ob5e(t of the %olemnitie% %rron"in# the e'e(tion of &ill% i% to (lo%e the "oor!#!in%t b!" f!ith !n" fr!", to !oi" %b%tittion of &ill% !n" te%t!ment% !n" to#!r!nt* their trth !n" !thenti(it*+ herefore the l!&% on thi% %b5e(t %hol" beinterprete" in %(h ! &!* !% to !tt!in the%e primor"!l en"%+ 8t, on the other h!n",!l%o one m%t not lo%e %i#ht of the f!(t th!t it i% not the ob5e(t of the l!& to re%tr!in!n" (rt!il the e'er(i%e of the ri#ht to m!e ! &ill+ So &hen !n interpret!tion !lre!"*#ien !%%re% %(h en"%, !n* other interpret!tion &h!t%oeer, th!t !""% nothin# bt

"em!n"% more rei%ite% entirel* nne(e%%!r*, %ele%% !n" fr%t!tie of the te%t!tor$%l!%t &ill, m%t be "i%re#!r"e"+

S"-.A v $-NAD-A+.+ No+ 06

A:INO; <e(ember 19, 19=1FACTS- >e%pon"ent 5"#e !"mitte" to prob!te ! &ill, &hi(h on it% f!(e i% oi" be(!%e it i%

&ritten in En#li%h, ! l!n#!#e not no&n to the illiter!te te%t!tri', !n" &hi(h i%prob!bl* for#e"+- .!ro Sro?!, ! member of the :S Arm* m!rrie" .!r(elin! S!l!"or+ he* &ere(hil"le%% bt the* re!re" ! bo* n!me" A#!pito+ .!ro "ie" !n" .!r(elin! be(!me !pen%ioner of the Fe"er!l @oernment+- A#!pito m!rrie" Nenit! !n" h!" ! (hil" ili!+ A#!pito &!% eent!ll* "i%!ble" !n"Nenit! &!% !ppointe" #!r"i!n &hen he &!% "e(l!re" !% in(ompetent in ! (ortpro(ee"in#+ Ar%eni! "el! Cr? !l%o &!nte" to be A#!pito$% #!r"i!n+ She trie" toproe th!t Nenit! &!% nf!ithfl to A#!pito+ he %e(on" #!r"i!n%hip pro(ee"in# &!%"i%mi%%e" !n" Nenit!$% !ppointment &!% (onfirme"+- Spo%e% Antonio S* !n" Bermo#en! !l!n be#ot ! (hil" n!me" .!ril*n S*, &ho &!%entr%te" to Ar%eni! !n" l!ter "eliere" to .!r(elin! S!l!"or Sro?!+ .!ril*n &!%bro#ht p !% the %ppo%e" "!#hter of A#!pito, bt %he &!% not le#!ll* !"opte"+.!rli*n m!rrie" O%(!r .e"r!no- .!r(elin! %ppo%e"l* e'e(te" ! not!ri!l &ill &hen %he &!% 7 *e!r% ol"+ That will

which is in English was thumbmarked by her + She was illiterate. .!r(elin! bee!the"!ll her e%t!te to her %ppo%e" #r!n""!#hter .!ril*n+ 2hen .!r(elin! "ie", %heo&ne" ! 10-%!re meter lot !n" ho%e in th!t pl!(e+- .!rin! P!5e, !lle#e" to be ! l!n"r*&om!n of .!r(elin! !n" the e'e(tri' in her &ill,file" &ith the Cort ! petition for the prob!te of .!r(elin!$% !lle#e" &ill+ he (!%e &!%!%%i#ne" to )"#e >e*n!l"o P+ Bonr!"o+- )"#e Bonr!"o !ppointe" .!rin! !% !"mini%tr!tri'+- :pon motion of .!rin!, )"#e Bonr!"o i%%e" !nother or"er in%tr(tin# ! "ept*%heriff to e5e(t the o((p!nt% of the te%t!tri'$% ho%e, !mon# &hom &!% Nenit! V+Sro?!, !n" to pl!(e .!rin! in po%%e%%ion thereof+ h!t or"er !lerte" Nenit! to thee'i%ten(e of the te%t!ment!r* pro(ee"in# for the %ettlement of .!r(elin!$% e%t!te+She !n" the other o((p!nt% of the "e(e"ent$% ho%e file" ! motion to %et !%i"e theor"er e5e(tin# them+ he* !lle#e" th!t the "e(e"ent$% %on A#!pito &!% the %ole heir ofthe "e(e!%e", th!t he h!% ! "!#hter n!me" ili!, th!t Nenit! &!% A#!pito$% #!r"i!n!n" th!t .!ril*n &!% not A#!pito$% "!#hter nor the "e(e"ent$% #r!n""!#hter+ !ter,

the* e%tione" the prob!te (ort$% 5ri%"i(tion to i%%e the e5e(tment or"er+-)"#e Bonr!"o i%%e" !n or"er prob!tin# her %ppo%e" &ill &herein .!ril*n &!% thein%titte" heire%%+- Nenit! file" in the te%t!te (!%e !n omnib% petition Dto %et !%i"e pro(ee"in#%, !"mitoppo%ition &ith (onter-petition for !"mini%tr!tion !n" prelimin!r* in5n(tionD+ Nenit!reiter!te" her !lle#!tion th!t .!ril*n &!% ! %tr!n#er to .!r(elin!, th!t the &ill &!% not"l* e'e(te" !n" !tte%te", th!t it &!% pro(re" b* me!n% of n"e inflen(eemplo*e" b* .!rin! !n" .!ril*n !n" th!t the thmbm!r% of the te%t!tri' &erepro(re" b* fr!" or tri(+- .!rin! in her !n%&er !"mitte" th!t .!ril*n &!% not .!r(elin!$% #r!n""!#hter bt&!% the "!#hter of A#!pito !nd Arsenia de la Cruz and that Agapito was notMarcelina's son bt merel* !n anak-anakan &ho &!% not le#!ll* !"opte"+- )"#e Bonr!"o "i%mi%%e" Nenit!$% (onter-petition for the i%%!n(e of letter% of!"mini%tr!tion be(!%e of the non-!ppe!r!n(e of her (on%el !t the he!rin#+- In ! motion for the (on%oli"!tion of !ll pen"in# in(i"ent%, Nenit! V+ Sro?! reiter!te"

her (ontention th!t the !lle#e" &ill i% oi" be(!%e .!r(elin! "i" not !ppe!r beforethe not!r* !n" be(!%e it i% &ritten in En#li%h &hi(h i% not no&n to her+

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SUCCESSION A2010 page 18

- )"#e Bonr!"o D"enie"D the !rio% in(i"ent% Dr!i%e"D b* Nenit!+- Nenit! Dfile" ! (!%e to !nnlD the prob!te pro(ee"in#% &hi(h &!% !%%i#ne" to )"#eBonr!"o+ It &!% "i%mi%%e"+- )"#e Bonr!"o (lo%e" the te%t!ment!r* pro(ee"in#+- Abot ten month% l!ter, Nenit! (h!r#e" )"#e Bonr!"o &ith h!in# prob!te" thefr!"lent &ill of .!r(elin!+ Nenit! frther !lle#e" th!t )"#e Bonr!"o, in %pite of hi%no&le"#e th!t the te%t!tri' h!" ! %on n!me" A#!pito, &ho &!% preterite" in the &ill,

"i" not t!e into !((ont the (on%een(e% of %(h ! preterition+- Nenit! file" in the CA !#!in%t )"#e Bonr!"o ! petition for (ertior!ri !n" prohibition&herein %he pr!*e" th!t the &ill, the "e(ree of prob!te !n" !ll the pro(ee"in#% in theprob!te (!%e be "e(l!re" oi"+ Att!(he" to the petition &!% the !ffi"!it of <omin#oP+ Aino, &ho not!ri?e" the &ill+ e swore that the testatri! and the three attestingwitnesses did not appear be"ore him and that he notarized the will #$ust toaccommodate a brother lawyer on the condition# that said lawyer would bring to thenotary the testatri! and the witnesses but the lawyer ne%er complied with hiscommitment.- he CA "i%mi%%e" the petition be(!%e Nenit!$% reme"* &!% !n !ppe!l !n" herf!ilre to "o %o "i" not entitle her to re%ort to the %pe(i!l (iil !(tion of (ertior!ri +$#LD- 2e hol" th!t "i%(iplin!r* !(tion %hol" be t!en !#!in%t re%pon"ent 5"#e for hi%improper "i%po%ition of the te%t!te (!%e &hi(h mi#ht h!e re%lte" in ! mi%(!rri!#e of

 5%ti(e be(!%e the "e(e"ent$% le#!l heir% !n" not the in%titte" heire%% in the oi"

&in %hol" h!e inherite" the "e(e"ent$% e%t!te+- A 5"#e m!* be (rimin!ll* li!ble or no&in#l* ren"erin# !n n5%t 5"#ment orinterlo(tor* or"er or ren"erin# ! m!nife%tl* n5%t 5"#ment or interlo(tor* or"er b*re!%on of ine'(%!ble ne#li#en(e or i#nor!n(e+- A"mini%tr!tie !(tion m!* be t!en !#!in%t ! 5"#e of the (ort of fir%t in%t!n(e for%erio% mi%(on"(t or ineffi(ien(*+ .i%(on"(t implie% m!li(e or ! &ron#fl intent, not! mere error of 5"#ment+ DFor %erio% mi%(on"(t to e'i%t, there m%t be reli!bleei"en(e %ho&in# th!t the 5"i(i!l !(t% (ompl!ine" of &ere (orrpt or in%pire" b* !nintention to iol!te the l!&, or &ere in per%i%tent "i%re#!r" of &ell-no&n le#!l rle%D- In thi% (!%e, re%pon"ent 5"#e, on per%in# the &ill !n" notin# th!t it &!% &ritten inEn#li%h !n" &!% thmbm!re" b* !n obio%l* illiter!te te%t!tri', (ol" h!e re!"il*per(eie" th!t the &ill i% oi"+- In the openin# p!r!#r!ph of the &ill, it &!% %t!te" th!t En#li%h &!% ! l!n#!#eDn"er%too" !n" no&nD to the te%t!tri'+ 8t in it% (on(l"in# p!r!#r!ph, it &!% %t!te"th!t the &ill &!% re!" to the te%t!tri' D!n" tr!n%l!te" into Filipino l!n#!#eD+ h!t

(ol" onl* me!n th!t the &ill &!% &ritten in ! l!n#!#e not no&n to the illiter!tete%t!tri' !n", therefore, it i% oi" be(!%e of the m!n"!tor* proi%ion of !rti(le =04 ofthe Ciil Co"e th!t eer* &ill m%t be e'e(te" in ! l!n#!#e or "i!le(t no&n to thete%t!tor+ h%, ! &ill &ritten in En#li%h, &hi(h &!% not no&n to the I#orot te%t!tor, i%oi" !n" &!% "i%!llo&e"+:n"er the (ir(m%t!n(e%, &e fin" hi% ne#li#en(e !n" "ereli(tion of "t* to beine'(%!ble+

/ALA0 v #L-1A1 SC>A 7

.EENCIO-BE>>E>A; September =, 19=4

FACTS- On September 1, 1971, pri!te re%pon"ent @>E@O>IO + AA2, (l!imin# to be the

%ole heir of hi% "e(e!%e" %i%ter, N!tii"!" + !l!&, file" ! petition before the Cort of

Fir%t In%t!n(e of 8!t!n#!%, 8r!n(h VI, ip! Cit*, for the prob!te of her holo#r!phi( 2ille'e(te" on <e(ember 4, 196=+- he holo#r!phi( 2ill, !% fir%t &ritten, n!me" >OSA + !l!&, ! %i%ter of the te%t!tri'!% her %ole heir+ Ben(e, on Noember 10, 1971, petitioner >OSA + !l!& oppo%e"prob!te !lle#in#, in %b%t!n(e, th!t the holo#r!phi( 2ill (ont!ine" !lter!tion%,(orre(tion%, !n" in%ertion% &ithot the proper !thenti(!tion b* the fll %i#n!tre ofthe te%t!tri' !% reire" b* Arti(le =14 of the Ciil Co"e re!"in#

Art+ =14+ In (!%e of !n* in%ertion, (!n(ell!tion, er!%re or !lter!tion in ! holo#r!phi(&ill the te%t!tor m%t !thenti(!te the %!me b* hi% fll %i#n!tre+- >OSA$% po%ition &!% th!t the holo#r!phi( 2ill, !% fir%t &ritten, %hol" be #ien effe(t!n" prob!te" %o th!t %he (ol" be the %ole heir theren"er+- After tri!l, re%pon"ent )"#e "enie" prob!te in !n Or"er, "!te" September , 197 ,(itin# th!t the N8I reporte" th!t the h!n"&ritin#, the %i#n!tre, the in%ertion% !n"Gor!""ition% !n" the initi!l &ere m!"e b* one !n" the %!me per%on+ Con%eentl*, the&ill &!% in the h!n"&ritin# of the "e(e"ent, N!tii"!" + !l!&+ Bo&eer the Cortfin"%, th!t the proi%ion of Arti(le =14 of the Ciil Co"e i% !ppli(!ble to E'hibit DCD+Fin"in# the in%ertion%, !lter!tion% !n"Gor !""ition% in the not to be !thenti(!te" b*the fll %i#n!tre of the te%t!tri' N!tii"!" + !l!&, the Cort &ill "en* the !"mi%%ionto prob!te+- From th!t Or"er, @>E@O>IO moe" for re(on%i"er!tion !r#in# th!t %in(e the!lter!tion% !n"Gor in%ertion% &ere the te%t!tri', the "eni!l to prob!te of herholo#r!phi( 2ill &ol" be (ontr!r* to her ri#ht of te%t!ment!r* "i%po%ition+

>e(on%i"er!tion &!% "enie" in !n Or"er, "!te" Noember , 197, on the #ron" th!tArti(le =14 of the Ciil Co"e bein# (le!r !n" e'pli(it reire% no ne(e%%it* forinterpret!tion+- From th!t Or"er, "!te" September , 197, "en*in# prob!te, !n" the Or"er "!te"Noember , 197 "en*in# re(on%i"er!tion, >OSA file" thi% Petition for >eie& on(ertior!ri

!SS"#2ON the original unaltered te't !fter %b%eent !lter!tion% !n" in%ertion% &ereoi"e" b* the ri!l Cort for l!( of !thenti(!tion b* the fll %i#n!tre of the te%t!tri'

$#LD- Or"in!ril*, &hen ! number  of er!%re%, (orre(tion%, !n" interline!tion% m!"e b* thete%t!tor in ! holo#r!phi( 2ill litem not been note" n"er hi% %i#n!tre+++ the 2ill i% notthereb* in!li"!te" !% ! &hole, bt !t mo%t onl* !% re%pe(t% the p!rti(l!r &or"%

er!%e", (orre(te" or interline"+- Bo&eer, &hen !% in thi% (!%e, the holo#r!phi( 2ill in "i%pte h!" onl* one%b%t!nti!l proi%ion, &hi(h &!% !ltere" b* %b%tittin# the ori#in!l heir &ith !nother,bt &hi(h !lter!tion "i" not (!rr* the rei%ite of fll !thenti(!tion b* the fll%i#n!tre of the te%t!tor, the effe(t m%t be th!t the entire 2ill i% oi"e" or reoe"for the %imple re!%on th!t nothin# rem!in% in the 2ill !fter th!t &hi(h (ol" rem!in!li"+ o %t!te th!t the 2ill !% fir%t &ritten %hol" be #ien effi(!(* i% to "i%re#!r" the%eemin# (h!n#e of min" of the te%t!tri'+ 8t th!t (h!n#e of min" (!n neither be #ieneffe(t be(!%e %he f!ile" to !thenti(!te it in the m!nner reire" b* l!& b* !ffi'in#her fll %i#n!tre+ 

-"NDS ' and 2

1!!& #1-CAT!-N -F 0!LLS AND T#STA3#NTA4

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SUCCESSION A2010 page 19

D!S5-S!T!-N

L!5ANA v L!5ANA70 PBI =6

.O>AN; )ne =, 1940

NAT"#Ori#in!l !(tion in the Spreme Cort+ Certior!ri+

FACTS- Elio"or! ip!n! file" !n !ppli(!tion for the prob!te of ! &ill %ppo%e"l* e'e(te" b*the "e(e!%e", .!nel! ip!n!+- N!tii"!" ip!n! file" !n oppo%ition, !lle#in# th!t ei"en(e &!% nne(e%%!r* ponthe %ppo%e" f!(t% !n" th!t the &ill &!% not e'e(te" !((or"in# to l!&+- he !ppli(!tion &!% "i%mi%%e" on the #ron" th!t %(h (op* (ol" not be !"mitte"to prob!te, it not h!in# been %i#ne" b* the te%t!tri' !n" the !tte%tin# &itne%%e% !tthe en" thereof !n" on the left m!r#in of e!(h p!#e+

!SS"#2ON the "i%mi%%!l b* the re%pon"ent (ort &!% (orre(t

$#LDNOReasoning- he pronon(ement m!"e b* the re%pon"ent (ort th!t the &ill h!" not beene'e(te" in !((or"!n(e &ith l!&, i% fon"e" n"obte"l* on the erroneo%!%%mption th!t the prob!te of the (!rbon (op* of the &ill &!% bein# !pplie" for+ S(h(op* &!% !tt!(he" to the !ppli(!tion merel* to (orrobor!te the !lle#!tion !% to thee'i%ten(e of it% ori#in!l !n" not to e%t!bli%h ! fll (ompli!n(e &ith the reirement% ofthe l!& !% to the e'e(tion of the &ill+- :n"er %e(tion 6 of A(t No+ 190, if ! &ill i% %ho&n to h!e been torn b* %ome otherper%on &ithot the e'pre%% "ire(tion of the te%t!tor, it m!* be !"mitte" to prob!te, ifit% (ontent%, "e e'e(tion !n" it% n!thori?e" "e%tr(tion !re e%t!bli%he" b*%!ti%f!(tor* ei"en(e+- he !ppli(!nt, therefore, &!% entitle" to he!rin# to proe the "e e'e(tion of theori#in!l &ill !n" it% lo%% or "e%tr(tion, !n" the re%pon"ent (ort h!" no %t!ttor*

!thorit* to "i%mi%% the !ppli(!tion &ithot %(h he!rin#+- It i% !lle#e" therein th!t the ori#in!l &!% in the po%%e%%ion of ! thir" per%on or th!t it&!% either lo%t or "e%tro*e" b* %ome per%on other th!n the te%t!tri'+ he !ppli(!nt,therefore, &!% entitle" to he!rin# to proe the "e e'e(tion of the ori#in!l &ill !n"it% lo%% or "e%tr(tion, !n" the re%pon"ent (ort h!" no %t!ttor* !thorit* to "i%mi%%the !ppli(!tion &ithot %(h he!rin#, !ll in !((or"!n(e &ith Se(+ 6 of A(t 190+

GAG- v 3A3"4AC49 Phil 90

 )OBNSON; )!n 9, 197

FACTS- .i#el .!m*!( e'e(te" ! l!%t &ill !n" te%t!ment on )l* 7, 191= /fir%t &ill+ On

 )!n, 19, Fr!n(i%(o @!#o pre%ente" ! petition in the CFI of ! :nion for the prob!tion

of th!t &ill+ hi% &!% oppo%e" b* Cornelio .!m*!(, Ambro%io !rio%!, Feli(i!n!8!?on, !n" C!t!lin! .!m*!(+ he petition for prob!tion &!% "enie" on the #ron"

th!t the "e(e!%e" h!" e'e(te" ! ne& &ill !n" te%t!ment on April 16, 1919 /%e(on"&ill+ .i#el .!m*!( "ie" on )!n , 19+- he pre%ent petition, file" on Feb 1, 19, i% inten"e" to %e(re the prob!tion of the%e(on" &ill+ Cornelio .!m*!(, Ambro%io !rio%!, Feli(i!n! 8!?on, !n" C!t!lin!.!m*!( pre%ente" their oppo%ition%, !lle#in# /a th!t the %!i" &ill i% ! (op* of the%e(on" &ill !n" te%t!ment e'e(te" b* the %!i" .i#el .!m*!(; /b th!t the %!meh!" been (!n(elle" !n" reoe" "rin# the lifetime of .i#el .!m*!( !n" / c th!t

the %!i" &ill &!% not the l!%t &ill !n" te%t!ment of the "e(e!%e" .i#el .!m*!(+- he CFI "enie" the prob!tion of the %e(on" &ill, pon the #ron" th!t the %!me h!"been (!n(elle" !n" reoe" in the *e!r 190+- @!#o (onten"% th!t the lo&er (ort (ommitte" !n error in not fin"in# from theei"en(e th!t the &ill in e%tion h!" been e'e(te" &ith !ll the form!litie% reire"b* the l!&; th!t the %!me h!" been reoe" !n" (!n(elle" in 190 before hi% "e!th;th!t the %!i" &ill &!% ! mere (!rbon (op* !n" th!t the oppo%itor% &ere not e%toppe"from !lle#in# th!t f!(t+

!SS"#2ON the CFI erre" in not #r!ntin# the prob!tion of .i#el .!m*!(H% %e(on" &ill

$#LDN-- A% to the (!n(ell!tion of the &ill, there i% po%itie proof, not "enie", &hi(h &!%

!((epte" b* the lo&er (ort, th!t &ill in e%tion h!" been (!n(elle" in 190+ he l!&"oe% not reire !n* ei"en(e of the reo(!tion or (!n(ell!tion of ! &ill to bepre%ere"+ he f!(t th!t %(h (!n(ell!tion or reo(!tion h!% t!en pl!(e m%t eitherrem!in nproe" or be inferre" from ei"en(e %ho&in# th!t !fter "e %e!r(h theori#in!l &ill (!nnot be fon"+ 2here ! &ill &hi(h (!nnot be fon" i% %ho&n to h!ebeen in the po%%e%%ion of the te%t!tor, &hen l!%t %een, the pre%mption i%, in the!b%en(e of other (ompetent ei"en(e, th!t the %!me &!% (!n(elle" or "e%tro*e"+ he%!me pre%mption !ri%e% &here it i% %ho&n th!t the te%t!tor h!" re!"* !((e%% to the&ill !n" it (!nnot be fon" !fter hi% "e!th+ It &ill not be pre%me" th!t %(h &ill h!%been "e%tro*e" b* !n* other per%on &ithot the no&le"#e or !thorit* of thete%t!tor+ he for(e of the pre%mption of (!n(ell!tion or reo(!tion b* the te%t!tor,&hile !r*in# #re!tl*, bein# &e! or %tron# !((or"in# to the (ir(m%t!n(e%, i% neer(on(l%ie, bt m!* be oer(ome b* proof th!t the &ill &!% not "e%tro*e" b* thete%t!tor &ith intent to reoe it+- In ! pro(ee"in# to prob!te ! &ill the br"en of proof% i% pon the proponent (le!rl*

to e%t!bli%h not onl* it% e'e(tion bt it% e'i%ten(e+ B!in# proe" it% e'e(tion b*the proponent%, the br"en i% on the (onte%t!nt to %ho& th!t it h!% been reoe"+ In !#re!t m!5orit* of in%t!n(e% in &hi(h &ill% !re "e%tro*e" for the prpo%e of reoin#them there i% no &itne%% to the !(t of (!n(ell!tion or "e%tr(tion !n" !ll ei"en(e ofit% (!n(ell!tion peri%he% &ith the te%t!tor+ Copie% of &ill% %hol" be !"mitte" b* the(ort% &ith #re!t (!tion+ 2hen it i% proen, ho&eer, b* proper te%timon* th!t ! &ill&!% e'e(te" in "pli(!te !n" e!(h (op* &!% e'e(te" &ith !ll the form!litie% !n"reirement% of the l!&, then the "pli(!te m!* be !"mitte" in ei"en(e &hen it i%m!"e to !ppe!r th!t the ori#in!l h!% been lo%t !n" &!% not (!n(elle" or "e%tro*e" b*the te%t!tor+ /8orromeo %s. C!%i5o 

3AL-T- v CA1 SC>A 41

SA>.IENO; Febr!r* 9, 19==

FACTS

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SUCCESSION A2010 page 20

- O(t+0, 196, A"ri!n! .!loto "ie" le!in# !% heir% her nie(e !n" nephe&%, thepetitioner% Al"in! .!loto-C!%i!no !n" Con%t!n(io .!loto, !n" the pri!te re%pon"ent%P!nfilo .!loto !n" Felino .!loto+ 8eliein# th!t the "e(e!%e" "i" not le!e behin" !l!%t &ill !n" te%t!ment, the%e for heir% (ommen(e" !n inte%t!te pro(ee"in# for the%ettlement of their !nt$% e%t!te+ Bo&eer, &hile the (!%e &!% %till in pro#re%%, thep!rtie% e'e(te" !n !#reement of e'tr!5"i(i!l %ettlement of A"ri!n!$% e%t!te+ he!#reement proi"e" for the "ii%ion of the e%t!te into for e!l p!rt% !mon# the

p!rtie%+ he .!loto% then pre%ente" the e'tr!5"i(i!l %ettlement !#reement to thetri!l (ort for !ppro!l &hi(h the (ort "i"+- *e!r% l!ter, Att*+ Slpi(io P!lm!, ! former !%%o(i!te of A"ri!n!$% (on%el/Att+Ber!%, "i%(oere" ! "o(ment entitle" DAAP:SAN N@A PA@8:8:A-AN/e%t!mento,D "!te" )!n!r* ,1940, !n" prportin# to be the l!%t &ill !n" te%t!mentof A"ri!n!+ Att*+ P!lm! (l!ime" to h!e fon" the te%t!ment, the ori#in!l (op*, &hilehe &!% #oin# thro#h %ome m!teri!l% in%i"e the (!binet "r!&er formerl* %e" b* Att*+Ber!%+- he "o(ment &!% %bmitte" to the offi(e of the (ler of the CFI of Iloilo+In(i"ent!ll*, &hile P!nfilo !n" Felino !re %till n!me" !% heir% in the %!i" &ill, Al"in!!n" Con%t!n(io !re bee!the" m(h bi##er !n" more !l!ble %h!re% in the e%t!teof A"ri!n! th!n &h!t the* re(eie" b* irte of the !#reement of e'tr!5"i(i!l%ettlement the* h!" e!rlier %i#ne"+ he &ill lie&i%e #ie% "ei%e% !n" le#!(ie% toother p!rtie%, !mon# them bein# the petitioner% A%ilo "e .olo, the >om!n C!tholi(Chr(h of .olo, !n" Prifi(!(ion .ir!flor+

- h%, Al"in! !n" Con%t!n(io, 5oine" b* the other "ei%ee% !n" le#!tee% n!me" in the&ill, file" in Spe(i!l Pro(ee"in# No+ 176 ! motion for re(on%i"er!tion !n" !nnlmentof the pro(ee"in#% therein !n" for the !llo&!n(e of the &ill+ 2hen the tri!l (ort"enie" their motion, the petitioner (!me to %+ 2e "i%mi%%e" th!t petition !n" !"i%e"th!t ! %ep!r!te pro(ee"in# for the prob!te of the !lle#e" &ill &ol" be the!ppropri!te ehi(le+- Si#nifi(!ntl*, the !ppell!te (ort &hile fin"in# !% in(on(l%ie the m!tter on 2ONthe "o(ment or p!per% !lle#e"l* brne" b* the ho%ehelp of A"ri!n!, ponin%tr(tion% of the te%t!tri', &!% in"ee" the &ill, (ontr!"i(te" it%elf !n" fon" th!t the&ill h!" been reoe"+ he CA %t!te" th!t the pre%en(e of !nim% reo(!n"i in the"e%tr(tion of the &ill h!", neerthele%%, been %ffi(ientl* proen+ he !ppell!te (ortb!%e" it% fin"in# on the f!(t% th!t the "o(ment &!% not in the t&o %!fe% in A"ri!n!$%re%i"en(e, b* the te%t!tri' #oin# to the re%i"en(e of Att*+ Ber!% to retriee ! (op* ofthe &ill left in the l!tter$% po%%e%%ion, !n", her %eein# the %eri(e% of Att*+ P!lm! inor"er to h!e ! ne& &ill "r!&n p+

!SS"#S1+ 2ON the &ill &!% reoe" b* A"ri!n!++ 2ON the (!%e i% b!rre" b* re% 5"i(!t!+

$#LD1+ NO+Ratio he proi%ion% of the NCC pertinent to the i%%e (!n be fon" in Arti(le =0+1 Iti% (le!r th!t the ph*%i(!l !(t of "e%tr(tion of ! &ill, lie brnin# in thi% (!%e, "oe% not

1 Art+ =0+ No &ill %h!ll be reoe" e'(ept in the follo&in# (!%e%

/1 8* impli(!tion of l!&; or/ 8* %ome &ill, (o"i(il, or other &ritin# e'e(te" !% proi"e" in (!%e of &ill% or/ &y burning tearing cancelling or obliterating the will with the intention o" re%oking it by the testator himsel"or by some other person in his presence and by his e!press direction. (" burned torn cancelled or obliterated bysome other person without the e!press direction o" the testator the will may still be established and the estate

distributed in accordance therewith i" its contents and due e!ecution and the "act o" its unauthorized destructioncancellation or obliteration are established according to the )ules o" Court.

per %e (on%titte !n effe(tie reo(!tion, nle%% the "e%tr(tion i% (ople" &ith!nim% reo(!n"i on the p!rt of the te%t!tor+ It i% not imper!tie th!t the ph*%i(!l"e%tr(tion be "one b* the te%t!tor him%elf+ It m!* be performe" b* !nother per%onbt n"er the e'pre%% "ire(tion !n" in the pre%en(e of the te%t!tor+ Of (or%e, it #oe%&ithot %!*in# th!t the "o(ment "e%tro*e" m%t be the &ill it%elf+Reasoning In thi% (!%e, &hile !nim% reo(!n"i or the intention to reoe, m!* be(on(e"e", for th!t i% ! %t!te of min", *et th!t rei%ite !lone &ol" not %ffi(e+

Anim% reo(!n"i i% onl* one of the ne(e%%!r* element% for the effe(tie reo(!tion of! l!%t &ill !n" te%t!ment+ he intention to reoe m%t be !((omp!nie" b* the oertph*%i(!l !(t of brnin#, te!rin#, obliter!tin#, or (!n(ellin# the &ill (!rrie" ot b* thete%t!tor or b* !nother per%on in hi% pre%en(e !n" n"er hi% e'pre%% "ire(tion+ here i%p!(it* of ei"en(e to %ho& (ompli!n(e &ith the%e reirement%+ For one, the"o(ment or p!per% brne" b* A"ri!n!$% m!i" &!% not %!ti%f!(toril* e%t!bli%he" to be! &ill !t !ll, m(h le%% the &ill of A"ri!n!+ For !nother, the brnin# &!% not proen toh!e been "one n"er the e'pre%% "ire(tion of A"ri!n!+ An" then, the brnin# &!% notin her pre%en(e+ 8oth &itne%%e% &ere one in %t!tin# th!t the* &ere the onl* one%pre%ent !t the pl!(e &here the %toe /pre%m!bl* in the it(hen &!% lo(!te" in &hi(hthe p!per% proffere" !% ! &ill &ere brne"+- he re%pon"ent !ppell!te (ort in !%%e%%in# the ei"en(e pre%ente" b* the pri!tere%pon"ent%, (on(l"e" th!t the te%timon* of the t&o &itne%%e% &ho te%tifie" in f!orof the &ill$% reo(!tion !ppe!r Din(on(l%ie+D 2e %h!re the %!me ie&+ No&here inthe re(or"% before % "oe% it !ppe!r th!t the t&o &itne%%e%, @!"!lpe !n" El!"io,

both illiter!te%, &ere neio(!bl* po%itie th!t the "o(ment brne" &!% in"ee"A"ri!n!$% &ill++ NO+

 he re%pon"ent% (l!im th!t thi% b!r &!% bro#ht !bot b* the petitioner%$ f!ilre to!ppe!l timel* from the or"er of the tri!l (ort in the inte%t!te pro(ee"in# "en*in#their /petitioner%$ motion to reopen the (!%e, !n" their pr!*er to !nnl the preio%pro(ee"in#% therein !n" to !llo& the l!%t &ill !n" te%t!ment of the l!te A"ri!n!+

 he "o(trine of re% !"5"i(!t! fin"% no !ppli(!tion in the pre%ent (ontroer%*+ 2e "onot fin" here the pre%en(e of !ll the rei%ite% of re% 5"i(!t!+

 here i% *et, %tri(tl* %pe!in#, no fin!l 5"#ment ren"ere" in%of!r !% the prob!te ofA"ri!n! .!loto$% &ill i% (on(erne"+ Neither i% it ! 5"#ment on the merit% of the !(tionfor prob!te+ here i% lie&i%e no I"entit* bet&een the (!%e of !(tion in inte%t!tepro(ee"in# !n" th!t in !n !(tion for prob!te+

3-L- v 3-L-90 PBI 7

AN@EO; 191

NAT"#Appe!l from !n or"er of the Cort of Fir%t In%t!n(e of >i?!l !"mittin# to prob!te thel!%t &ill !n" te%t!ment of the "e(e!%e" .!ri!no .olo * e#!%pi e'e(te" on A#%t17, 191=+

FACTS.!ri!no .olo * e#!%pi "ie" on )!n!r* 4, 1941, in the mni(ip!lit* of P!%!*,proin(e of >i?!l, &ithot le!in# !n* for(e" heir either in the "e%(en"in# or!%(en"in# line+ Be &!% %rie", ho&eer, b* hi% &ife, the herein petitioner )!n! )!nV"!+ "e .olo, !n" b* hi% nie(e% !n" nephe&, the oppo%itor%-!ppell!nt%, ?, @li(eri!!n" Cornelio, !ll %rn!me" .olo, &ho &ere the le#itim!te (hil"ren of C!n"i"o .olo *

e#!%pi, "e(e!%e" brother of the te%t!tor+ .!ri!no .olo * e#!%pi lef t two wills, one

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SUCCESSION A2010 page 21

e'e(te" on A#%t 17, 191=, !n" !nother e'e(te" on )ne 0, 199+ BE AE>2I CONAINS A CA:SE 2BICB EP>ESS3 >EVOES BE 2I EEC:E< IN 191=+On Febr!r* 7, 1941, )!n! )!n V"!+ "e .olo file" in the Cort of Fir%t In%t!n(e of>i?!l ! petition, %eein# the prob!te of the &ill e'e(te" b* the "e(e!%e" on )ne 0,199+ here bein# no oppo%ition, the &ill &!% prob!te"+ Bo&eer, pon petition file"b* the herein oppo%itor%, the or"er of the (ort !"mittin# the &ill to prob!te &!% %et!%i"e !n" the (!%e &!% reopene"+ After he!rin#, !t &hi(h both p!rtie% pre%ente" their

ei"en(e, the (ort ren"ere" "e(i%ion denying the +robate of said will  on thegrond that the +etitioner failed to +rove that the same was exe%ted ina%%ordan%e with law&In ie& of the "i%!llo&!n(e of the &ill e'e(te" on )ne 0, 199, the &i"o& onFebr!r* 4, 1944, filed another +etition for the +robate of the will exe%tedby the de%eased on Agst 67, 6869, in the %!me (ort+ A#!in, the %!meoppo%itor% file" !n oppo%ition to the petition b!%e" on three #ron"% /1 th!tpetitioner i% no& e%toppe" from %eein# the prob!te of the &ill of 191=; / th!t %!i"&ill h!% not been e'e(te" in the m!nner reire" b* l!& !n" / th!t the &ill h!%been %b%eentl* reoe"+

!SS"#2ON the "e(l!r!tion of nllit* of ! %b%eent &ill b* the prob!te (ort /the 199 &illin thi% (!%e, &hi(h prport% to reoe the 191= &ill &ol" h!e the effe(t ofre%rre(tin# the prior &ill+

$#LD 3ES hi% i% the <OC>INE OF <EPEN<EN >EAIVE >EVOCAION+ he f!ilre of the ne&te%t!ment!r* "i%po%ition, pon &ho%e !li"it* the reo(!tion "epen"%, i% ei!lentto the non-flfillment of ! %%pen%ie (on"ition, !n" BENCE P>EVENS BE>EVOCAION OF BE O>I@INA 2I+ 8t ! mere intent to m!e !t %ome time ! &ill inpl!(e of th!t "e%tro*e" &ill not ren"er the "e%tr(tion (on"ition!l+ It m%t !ppe!r th!tthe reo(!tion i% "epen"ent pon the !li" e'e(tion of ! ne& &ill+DA %b%eent &ill, (ont!inin# ! (l!%e reoin# ! preio% &ill, h!in# been"i%!llo&e", for the re!%on th!t it &!% not e'e(te" in (onformit* &ith the proi%ion% of%e(tion 61= of the Co"e of Ciil Pro(e"re !% to the m!in# of &ill%, (!nnot pro"(ethe effe(t of !nnllin# the preio% &ill, in!%m(h !% %!i" reo(!tor* (l!%e i% oi"/S!m%on %+ N!!l, 41 Phil+, ==++

 BE BEO>3 ON 2BICB BIS P>INCIPE IS P>E<ICAE< IS BA BE ESAO> <I<

NO INEN< O <IE INESAE+ AN< BIS INENION IS CEA>3 .ANIFES 2BEN BEEEC:E< 2O 2IS ON 2O <IFFE>EN OCCASIONS AN< INSI:E< BIS 2IFE ASBIS :NIVE>SA BEI>+ BE>E CAN BE>EFO>E 8E NO .ISAE AS O BIS INENIONOF <3IN@ ESAE+2e fin" the %!me opinion in the Ameri(!n !& >eport%, Annot!te", e"ite" in 199+ Onp!#e 1400, Volme 1, there !ppe!r m!n* !thoritie% on the D!ppli(!tion of rle%&here %e(on" &ill i% in!li"D, !mon# &hi(h ! t*pi(!l one i% the follo&in#DIt i% nier%!ll* !#ree" th!t &here the %e(on" &ill i% in!li" on !((ont of not bein#e'e(te" in !((or"!n(e &ith the proi%ion% of the %t!tte, or &here the te%t!tor h!%not %ffi(ient ment!l (!p!(it* to m!e ! &ill or the &ill i% pro(re" thro#h n"einflen(e, or the %(h, in other &or"%, &here the %e(on" &ill i% re!ll* no &ill, it "oe%not reoe the fir%t &ill or !ffe(t it in !n* m!nner+D .ort %+ 8!er :nier%it* /199 .o+ App+, 6, 7= S+ 2+ /", 49=+D

 he%e tre!ti%e (!nnot be mi%t!en+ he* phol" the ie& on &hi(h the rlin# in theS!m%on (!%e i% pre"i(!te"+ he* refle(t the opinion th!t thi% rlin# i% %on" !n" #oo"

!n" for thi% re!%on &e %ee no 5%tifi(!tion for !b!n"onin# it !% no& %##e%te" b*(on%el for the oppo%itor%+

@r!ntin# for the %!e of !r#ment th!t the e!rlier &ill &!% olnt!ril* "e%tro*e" b*the te%t!tor !fter the e'e(tion of the %e(on" &ill, &hi(h reoe" the fir%t, (ol" therebe !n* "obt, n"er thi% theor*, th!t %!i" e!rlier &ill &!% "e%tro*e" b* the te%t!tor inthe hone%t belief th!t it &!% no lon#er ne(e%%!r* be(!%e he h!" e'pre%%l* reoe" itin hi% &ill of 199J In other &or"%, (!n &e not %!* th!t the "e%tr(tion of the e!rlier&ill &!% bt the ne(e%%!r* (on%een(e of the te%t!tor$% belief th!t the reo(!tor*(l!%e (ont!ine" in the %b%eent &ill &!% !li" !n" the l!tter &ol" be #ien effe(tJ

If %(h i% the (!%e, then it i% or opinion th!t the e!rlier &ill (!n %till be !"mitte" toprob!te n"er the prin(iple of D"epen"ent rel!tie reo(!tionD+DBIS <OC>INE IS NO2N AS BA OF <EPEN<EN >EAIVE >EVOCAION, AN< IS:S:A3 APPIE< 2BE>E BE ESAO> CANCES O> <ES>O3S A 2I O>EEC:ES AN INS>:.EN INEN<E< O >EVOE A 2I 2IB A P>ESENINENION O .AE A NE2 ESA.ENA>3 <ISPOSIION AS A S:8SI:E FO> BEO<, AN< BE NE2 <ISPOSIION IS NO .A<E O>, IF .A<E, FAIS OF EFFEC FO>SO.E >EASON+ BE <OC>INE IS NO I.IE< O BE EISENCE OF SO.E OBE><OC:.EN, BO2EVE>, AN< BAS 8EEN APPIE< 2BE>E A 2I 2AS <ES>O3E< ASA CONSE:ENCE OF A .ISAE OF A2 + + ++D /6= C+ )++ 799+Dhe rle i% e%t!bli%he" th!t &here the !(t of "e%tr(tion i% (onne(te" &ith them!in# of !nother &ill %o !% f!irl* to r!i%e the inferen(e th!t the te%t!tor me!nt thereo(!tion of the ol" to "epen" pon the effi(!(* of the ne& "i%po%ition inten"e" tobe %b%titte", the reo(!tion &ill be (on"ition!l !n" "epen"ent pon the effi(!(* ofthe ne& "i%po%ition; !n" if, for !n* re!%on, the ne& &ill inten"e" to be m!"e !% !

%b%titte i% inoper!tie, the reo(!tion f!il% !n" the ori#in!l &ill rem!in% in fllfor(e+D /@!r"ner, pp+ , +Dhi% i% the "o(trine of "epen"ent rel!tie reo(!tion+ he f!ilre of the ne&te%t!ment!r* "i%po%ition, pon &ho%e !li"it* the reo(!tion "epen"%, i% ei!lentto the non-flfillment of ! %%pen%ie (on"ition, !n" hen(e preent% the reo(!tion ofthe ori#in!l &ill+ 8t ! mere intent to m!e !t %ome time ! &ill in pl!(e of th!t"e%tro*e" &ill not ren"er the "e%tr(tion (on"ition!l+ It m%t !ppe!r th!t thereo(!tion i% "epen"ent pon the !li" e'e(tion of ! ne& &ill+D /1 Ale'!n"er, p+ 71;@!r"ner, p+ +2e hol", therefore, th!t een in the %ppo%ition th!t the "e%tr(tion of the ori#in!l &illb* the te%t!tor (ol" be pre%me" from the f!ilre of the petitioner to pro"(e it in(ort, %(h "e%tr(tion (!nnot h!e the effe(t of "efe!tin# the prior &ill of 191=be(!%e of the f!(t th!t it i% fon"e" on the mi%t!en belief th!t the &ill of 199 h!%been !li"l* e'e(te" !n" &ol" be #ien "e effe(t+

!:& ALL-0ANC# -F 0!LLS

G"#1AA v G"#1AA74 Phil 479

OKAEA; <e(ember 9, 194

FACTS-In 191, Vi(torino + @e!r! e'e(te" ! &ill &ith !ll the form!litie% of the l!&,&herein he m!"e bee%t% to hi% le#itim!te %on, n!tr!l "!#hter !n" %tep(hil"ren!n" &ife of n" m!rri!#e+-On )l* 1, 19, Vi(torino + @e!r! e'e(te" ! "ee" of %!le in f!or of Erne%to .+@e!r! (one*in# to him the %othern h!lf of ! l!r#e p!r(el of l!n" in (on%i"er!tionof the %m of P1 !n" other !l!ble (on%i"er!tion%+On September 7, 19 ! fin!l"e(ree of re#i%tr!tion &!% i%%e" in f!or of Erne%to .+ @e!r! oer the &hole p!r(el

of l!n" "e%(ribe" in the "ee" of %!le !boe referre" to+ he re#i%tr!tion pro(ee"in#h!" been (ommen(e" b* Vi(torino + @e!r! !n" Erne%to .+ @e!r! !% !ppli(!nt%,

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SUCCESSION A2010 page 22

&ith >o%!rio, !mon# other%, !% oppo%itor; bt before the tri!l of the (!%e Vi(torino +@e!r! &ith"re& !% !ppli(!nt !n" >o%!rio @e!r! !n" her (o-oppo%itor% !l%o&ith"re& their oppo%ition, thereb* f!(ilit!tin# the i%%!n(e of the title in the n!me ofErne%to .+ @e!r! !lone+On September 7, 19, Vi(torino + @e!r! "ie"+ Bi% l!%t &ill !n" te%t!ment,ho&eer, &!% neer pre%ente" to the (ort for prob!te, nor h!% !n* !"mini%tr!tionpro(ee"in# eer been in%titte" for the %ettlement of hi% e%t!te+ 2hether the !rio%

le#!tee% mentione" in the &ill h!e re(eie" their re%pe(tie le#!(ie% or h!e eenbeen #ien "e noti(e of the e'e(tion of %!i" &ill !n" of the "i%po%ition% thereinm!"e in their f!or, "oe% not !ffirm!tiel* !ppe!r from the re(or" of thi% (!%e+ Eer%in(e the "e!th of Vi(torino + @e!r!, hi% onl* le#itim!te %on Erne%to .+ @e!r!!ppe!r% to h!e po%%e%%e" the l!n" !"5"i(!te" to him in the re#i%tr!tion pro(ee"in#!n" to h!e "i%po%e" of !rio% portion% thereof for the prpo%e of p!*in# the "ebt%left b* hi% f!ther+->o%!rio @e!r!, &ho h!" her f!ther$% l!%t &ill !n" te%t!ment in her (%to"*, "i"nothin# 5"i(i!ll* to inoe the te%t!ment!r* "i%po%ition% m!"e therein in her f!or,&hereb* the te%t!tor !(no&le"#e" her !% hi% n!tr!l "!#hter !n", !%i"e from(ert!in le#!(ie% !n" bee%t%, "ei%e" to her ! portion of 1+6171 he(t!re% of thel!r#e p!r(el of l!n" "e%(ribe" in the &ill+ 8t ! little oer for *e!r% !fter the te%t!tor$%"emi%e, %he (ommen(e" the pre%ent !(tion !#!in%t Erne%to .+ @e!r! !lone for theprpo%e hereinbefore in"i(!te"; !n" it &!% onl* "rin# the tri!l of thi% (!%e th!t %hepre%ente" the &ill to the (ort, not for the prpo%e of h!in# it prob!te" bt onl* to

proe th!t the "e(e!%e" Vi(torino + @e!r! h!" !(no&le"#e" her !% hi% n!tr!l"!#hter+ :pon th!t proof of !(no&le"#ment %he (l!ime" her %h!re of theinherit!n(e from him, bt on the theor* or !%%mption th!t he "ie" inte%t!te, be(!%ethe &ill h!" not been prob!te", for &hi(h re!%on, %he !%%erte", the betterment thereinm!"e b* the te%t!tor in f!or of hi% le#itim!te %on Erne%to .+ @e!r! %hol" be"i%re#!r"e"+ 8oth the tri!l (ort !n" the Cort of Appe!l% %%t!ine" th!t theor*+

!SS"#2ON the pro(e"re !"opte" b* the >o%!rio @e!r! i% %!n(tione" b* l!&

$#LDNo+ 2e (!nnot %!n(tion the pro(e"re !"opte" b* the re%pon"ent >o%!rio @e!r!, itbein# in iol!tion of pro(e"r!l l!& !n" !n !ttempt to (ir(ment !n" "i%re#!r" thel!%t &ill !n" te%t!ment of the "e(e"ent+ he Co"e of Ciil Pro(e"re, &hi(h &!% infor(e p to the time thi% (!%e &!% "e(i"e" b* the tri!l (ort, (ont!in% the follo&in#

pertinent proi%ion%DSe(+ 6+Allo&!n(e Ne(e%%!r*, !n" Con(l%ie !% to E'e(tion+ L No &ill %h!ll p!%%either the re!l or per%on!l e%t!te, nle%% it i% proe" !n" !llo&e" in the Cort of Fir%tIn%t!n(e, or b* !ppe!l to the Spreme Cort; !n" the !llo&!n(e b* the (ort of ! &illof re!l !n" per%on!l e%t!te %h!ll be (on(l%ie !% to it% "e e'e(tion+DSe(+ 66+C%to"i!n of 2ill to <elier+ L he per%on &ho h!% the (%to"* of ! &ill%h!ll, &ithin thirt* "!*% !fter he no&% of the "e!th of the te%t!tor, "elier the &ill intothe (ort &hi(h h!% 5ri%"i(tion, or to the e'e(tor n!me" in the &ill+DSe(+ 67+E'e(tor to Pre%ent 2ill !n" A((ept or >ef%e r%t+ L A per%on n!me" !%e'e(tor in ! &ill, %h!ll &ithin thirt* "!*% !fter he no&% of the "e!th of the te%t!tor,or &ithin thirt* "!*% !fter he no&% th!t he i% n!me" e'e(tor, if he obt!ine" %(hno&le"#e !fter no&in# of the "e!th of the te%t!tor, pre%ent %(h &ill to the (ort&hi(h h!% 5ri%"i(tion, nle%% the &ill h!% been other&i%e retrne" to %!i" (ort, !n"%h!ll, &ithin %(h perio", %i#nif* to the (ort hi% !((ept!n(e of the tr%t, or m!eno&n in &ritin# hi% ref%!l to !((ept it+

DSe(+ 6=+Pen!lt*+ L A per%on &ho ne#le(t% !n* of the "tie% reire" in the t&opre(e"in# %e(tion%, nle%% he #ie% ! %!ti%f!(tor* e'(%e to the (ort, %h!ll be %b5e(tto ! fine not e'(ee"in# one tho%!n" "oll!r%+DSe(+ 69+Per%on >et!inin# 2ill m!* be Committe"+ L If ! per%on h!in# (%to"* of !&ill !fter the "e!th of the te%t!tor ne#le(t% &ithot re!%on!ble (!%e to "elier the%!me to the (ort h!in# 5ri%"i(tion, !fter noti(e b* the (ort %o to "o, he m!* be(ommitte" to the pri%on of the proin(e b* ! &!rr!nt i%%e" b* the (ort, !n" there

ept in (lo%e (onfinement ntil he "elier% the &ill+D-he pro(ee"in# for the prob!te of ! &ill i% one in rem, &ith noti(e b* pbli(!tion tothe &hole &orl" !n" &ith per%on!l noti(e to e!(h of the no&n heir%, le#!tee%, !n""ei%ee% of the te%t!tor+ Altho#h not (onte%te" /%e(tion , >le 77, the "ee'e(tion of the &ill !n" the f!(t th!t the te%t!tor !t the time of it% e'e(tion &!% of%on" !n" "i%po%in# min" !n" not !(tin# n"er "re%%, men!(e, !n" n"e inflen(eor fr!", m%t be proe" to the %!ti%f!(tion of the (ort, !n" onl* then m!* the &ill bele#!li?e" !n" #ien effe(t b* me!n% of ! (ertifi(!te of it% !llo&!n(e, %i#ne" b* the

 5"#e !n" !tte%te" b* the %e!l of the (ort; !n" &hen the &ill "ei%e% re!l propert*,!tte%te" (opie% thereof !n" of the (ertifi(!te of !llo&!n(e m%t be re(or"e" in there#i%ter of "ee"% of the proin(e in &hi(h the l!n" lie%+ /Se(tion 1, >le 77, !n"%e(tion 64, C+ C+ P+-It &ill re!"il* be %een from the !boe proi%ion% of the l!& th!t the pre%ent!tion of !&ill to the (ort for prob!te i% m!n"!tor* !n" it% !llo&!n(e b* the (ort i% e%%enti!l!n" in"i%pen%!ble to it% effi(!(*+ o !%%re !n" (ompel the prob!te of ! &ill, the l!&

pni%he% ! per%on &ho ne#le(t% hi% "t* to pre%ent it to the (ort &ith ! fine note'(ee"in# P,000, !n" if he %hol" per%i%t in not pre%entin# it, he m!* be (ommitte"to pri%on !n" ept there ntil he "elier% the &ill+-2e hol" th!t if the "e(e"ent left ! &ill !n" no "ebt% !n" the heir% !n" le#!tee% "e%ireto m!e !n e'tr!5"i(i!l p!rtition of the e%t!te, the* m%t fir%t pre%ent th!t &ill to the(ort for prob!te !n" "ii"e the e%t!te in !((or"!n(e &ith the &ill+ he* m!* not"i%re#!r" the proi%ion% of the &ill nle%% tho%e proi%ion% !re (ontr!r* to l!&+ Neitherm!* the* "o !&!* &ith the pre%ent!tion of the &ill to the (ort for prob!te, be(!%e%(h %ppre%%ion of the &ill i% (ontr!r* to l!& !n" pbli( poli(*+ he l!& en5oin% theprob!te of the &ill !n" pbli( poli(* reire% it, be(!%e nle%% the &ill i% prob!te"!n" noti(e thereof #ien to the &hole &orl", the ri#ht of ! per%on to "i%po%e of hi%propert* b* &ill m!* be ren"ere" n#!tor*, !% i% !ttempte" to be "one in the in%t!nt(!%e+ Ab%ent le#!tee% !n" "ei%ee%, or %(h of them !% m!* h!e no no&le"#e ofthe &ill, (ol" be (he!te" of their inherit!n(e thr the (oll%ion of %ome of the heir%&ho mi#ht !#ree to the p!rtition of the e%t!te !mon# them%ele% to the e'(l%ion of

other%+

D# B-;A v 1DA& D# D# B-;A@> -=040

>E3ES, )8; A#%t 1=, 197

NAT"#Appe!l from "e(i%ion% of CFI >i?!l /h!n"lin# prob!te pro(ee"in# of )o%ef! !n" CFIN:e! E(i5! /h!n"lin# prob!te of Fr!n(i%(o

FACTS- C!%t of Ch!r!(ter%Fr!n(i%(o "e 8or5! M h%b!n"G f!ther+ <e(e!%e" 194+

 )o%ef! !n#(o M 1%t &ifeG mother+ <e(e!%e" 1940+

 )o%e "e 8or5! M %on of Fr!n(i%(o !n" )o%ef! /of for (hil"ren, !l%o !"mini%tr!tor ofte%t!te e%t!te of )o%ef!

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SUCCESSION A2010 page 23

 !%i!n! On#%in#(o M n" &ife of Fr!n(i%(o, !n" !"mini%tr!tri' of te%t!te e%t!te ofFr!n(i%(o+- !%i!n!, !% %riin# %po%e of Fr!n(i%(o, in%titte" prob!te pro(ee"in#% pon hi%"e!th+ Chil"ren of the 1%t  m!rri!#e e%tione" the !li"it* of n"  m!rri!#e+>el!tion%hip bet&een n" &ife !n" i"% of 1%t m!rri!#e %in(e then h!" been pl!#e"&ith m!n* %it% /1= pen"in#+- o pt !n" en" to the nmero% liti#!tion%, ! (ompromi%e !#reement &!% entere"

into, bet&een )o%e per%on!ll* !n" !% !"mini%tr!tor of the e%t!te of )o%ef!, !n" !%i!n!, !% the %riin# %po%e !n" !"mini%tr!tri' of the e%t!te of Fr!n(i%(o+ Itproi"e" th!t &ith the mt!l "e%ire to termin!te !n" %ettle the !rio% (ortliti#!tion%, )o%e &ill p!* !%i!n! P=00,000 /P00,000 for e!(h (hil" &hi(h !mont%h!ll be (on%i"ere" !% the (omplete !n" fll p!*ment !n" %ettlement of herhere"it!r* %h!re in the e%t!te of Fr!n(i%(o+ he (ompromi%e !l%o %ere" !% it (l!im+- the (ompromi%e !#reement &!% pre%ente" for !ppro!l to the (ort% &here theprob!te pro(ee"in#% of the e%t!te% of )o%ef! !n" Fr!n(i%(o &ere pen"in#+ Bo&eer,

 !%i!n!, !pp!rentl* h!in# h!" (h!n#e" her min" !bot the (ompromi%e, oppo%e"%(h %bmi%%ion for !ppro!l+ She (l!im% th!t /1 the heir% (!nnot enter into %(hin" of !#reement &ithot fir%t prob!tin# the &ill of Fr!n(i%(o "e 8or5!; / it inole%! (ompromi%e on the !li"it* of the m!rri!#e bet&een Fr!n(i%(o !n" !%i!n!; !n" /th!t een if it &ere !li", it h!% (e!%e" to h!e for(e !n" effe(t

!SS"#

1+ 2ON the (ompromi%e !#reement &!% !li" !n" bin"in#

$#LD1+ 3ESReasoning*+, that probate is "irst reuired be"ore any agreement may be entered,- !%i!n! relie% on the rlin# in ue%ara %. ue%ara, &herein the (ort %!i" th!t thepre%ent!tion of the &ill for prob!te i% m!n"!tor* !n" th!t the %ettlement !n""i%tribtion of the e%t!te on the b!%i% of inte%t!(* &hen the "e(e"ent left ! &ill, i%!#!in%t l!& !n" pbli( poli(*+ h%, !%i!n! m!in!t!in% th!t %in(e Fr!n(i%(o left !&ill, the %!me m%t be prob!te" !n" !n* !#reement to the (ontr!r* i% in!li"+- Bo&eer, SC rle" in thi% (!%e th!t ue%ara i% not !ppli(!ble %in(e &h!t i% inole"i% not the "i%tribtion or %ettlement of the entire e%t!te, bt the %!le of the %h!re of

 !%i!n! in f!or of the other heir%+- there i% no le#!l b!r to !n heir /&ith rei%ite (ontr!(tin# (!p!(it* "i%po%in# of hi%

here"it!r* %h!re imme"i!tel* !fter %(h "e!th, een if the !(t!l e'tent of %(h %h!rei% not "etermine" ntil the %b%eent lii"!tion of the e%t!te+ Of (or%e, the effe(tof %(h !lien!tion i% to be "eeme" limite" to &h!t i% ltim!tel* !"5"i(!te" to theen"or heir- bein# the %riin# %po%e of the "e(e"ent, !%i!n! nee" not !&!it the ot(ome ofthe prob!te pro(ee"in#% %in(e %he &!% (on%i"ere" b* l!& !% ! (ompl%or* heir+ h%,the prerei%ite of ! preio% prob!te of the &ill, !% e%t!bli%he" in ue%ara (!n not!ppl* to the (!%e of !%i!n!

*/, that it in%ol%es compromise o" the %alidity o" the /nd  marriage- the m!rri!#e h!% implie"l* been re(o#ni?e" b* )o%e in %i#nin# the (ompromi%e!#reement &hi(h "e%(ribe" !%i!n! !% the %riin# %po%e of Fr!n(i%(o+ hi%%ere% !% re(o#nition of her (iil %t!t%

*0, that it ceased to ha%e "orce and e""ect 

-thi% &!% r!i%e" be(!%e )o%e file" ! motion AFE> %bmittin# the (ompromi%e!#reement for !ppro!l, &hi(h %t!te" th!t no !mi(!ble %ettlement h!" been !rrie"

!t !n" th!t the (ompromi%e !#reement f!ile" to m!teri!li?e, !lle#e"l* %ho&in#!b!n"onment of the (ompromi%e !#reement %i#ne"-SC %!i" th!t %(h "e(l!r!tion in the motion onl* %ho&% th!t !n* effort to re!(h !n!mi(!ble %ettlement !fter !%i!n! nil!ter!ll* b!(e" ot of the (ompromi%e h!"f!ile"+ Bo&eer, thi% "oe% not !ffe(t the !li"it* !n" bin"in# for(e of the (ompromi%e!#reement !lre!"* re!(he", %i#ne", !n" not!ri?e"+ he f!ilre to re!(h ! no!tor*!((or" (!n not in!li"!te the ori#in!l (ompromi%e+

GALLAN-SA v ACANG#L= SC>A 676

A:INO; )ne 1, 197=

NAT"#Spe(i!l (iil !(tion of (ertior!ri

FACTS- Florentino Bito%i% e'e(te" ! &ill in the 8i(ol "i!le(t on )ne 19, 19= &hen he &!%=1 *o+ Be "ie" on .!* 6, 199 !t Iro%in, Sor%o#on+ A (hil"le%% &i"o&er, he &!%%rie" b* hi% brother, eon+ On )ne 4, 199 ! petition for the prob!te of hi% &ill&!% file" in CFI Sor%o#on+ he noti(e of he!rin# &!% "l* pbli%he" in th!t &ill+Florentino bee!the" hi% %h!re in the (on5#!l e%t!te to hi% %e(on" &ife, e(l!

<ollent!%, !n", %hol" e(l! pre"e(e!%e him, !% &!% the (!%e, hi% %h!re &ol" be!%%i#ne" to the %po%e% Pe"ro @!ll!no%! !n" Cor!?on @re(i!, the re!%on bein# th!tPe"ro, e(l!$% %on b* her fir%t m!rri!#e, #re& p n"er the (!re of Florentino he h!"tre!te" Pe"ro !% hi% fo%ter (hil", !n" Pe"ro h!% ren"ere" %eri(e% to Florentino !n"

 e(l!+ Florentino lie&i%e bee!the" hi% %ep!r!te propertie% to hi% prote#e A"olfoFort!5!"!, ! minor+ Oppo%ition to the prob!te of the &ill &!% re#i%tere" b* thete%t!tor$% le#!l heir%, n!mel*, eon !n" hi% nephe&% !n" nie(e%+ After ! he!rin#,&herein the oppo%itor% "i" not pre%ent !n* ei"en(e, )"#e >ier!, in hi% "e(i%ion ofO(tober 7, 199, !"mitte" the &ill to prob!te !n" !ppointe" @!ll!no%! !% e'e(tor+

 )"#e >ier! %pe(ifi(!ll* fon" th!t the te%t!tor e'e(te" hi% l!%t &ill Den5o*in# #oo"he!lth !n" ment!l f!(ltie% !n" not !(tin# n"er thre!t, fr!" or n"e inflen(e DQ6828 D#C## -F 5-BAT#<+ he te%t!tor$% le#!l heir% "i" not !ppe!l from the"e(ree of prob!te /199 !n" from the or"er of p!rtition !n" "i%tribtion /1941 of 61p!r(el% of l!n" b* @!ll!no%! %po%e% !n" Fort!5!"!+- On Febr!r* 0, 19, eon Bito%i% !n" nephe&% !n" nie(e% in%titte" !n !(tion in

CFI Sor%o#on !#!in%t Pe"ro @!ll!no%! for the re(oer* of the %!i" 61 p!r(el% of l!n"+ he* !lle#e" th!t the* h!" been in (ontino% po%%e%%ion of tho%e l!n"% en (on(epto"e "eRo !n" th!t @!ll!no%! entere" tho%e l!n"% in 191 !n" !%%erte" o&ner%hipoer the l!n"%+ he* pr!*e" th!t the* be "e(l!re" the o&ner% of the l!n"%, bere%tore" to the po%%e%%ion thereof !n" !l%o (l!ime" "!m!#e% /Ciil C!%e No+ 696+=68*' C-35A!NT<- CFI: <i%mi%%e" their oppo%ition !n" Or"ere" the prob!te of hi% &ill be(!%e theoppo%itor% "i" not file !n* !ppe!l &ithin the perio" fi'e" b* l!&, "e%pite the f!(t th!tthe* &ere "l* thereof, %o th!t the %!i" "e(i%ion h!" be(ome fin!l !n" it no&(on%titte% ! b!r to !n* !(tion th!t the pl!intiff% m!* in%titte for the prpo%e of%eein# ! re"etermin!tion of their ri#ht to inherit the propertie% of the l!te FlorentinoBito%i%+ In other &or"%, the %!i" "e(i%ion of thi% Cort in 199, &hi(h the* interene"!% p!rtie% oppo%itor%, (on%titte% ! fin!l 5"i(i!l "etermin!tion of the i%%e th!t the*h!e no le#!l ri#ht% to %((ee" to !n* of the propertie% of the l!te Florentino Bito%i%;(on%eentl*, their pre%ent (l!im to the o&ner%hip !n" po%%e%%ion of the 61 p!r(el% of

l!n" in e%tion i% &ithot !n* le#!l merit or b!%i%+ =68*' D!S3!SSAL -FC-35LA!NT<

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- On September 1, 1967, or fifteen *e!r% !fter the "i%mi%%!l of Ciil C!%e No+ 696 !n"t&ent*-ei#ht *e!r% !fter the prob!te of the &ill, !nother !(tion in the %!me (ort!#!in%t the @!ll!no%! %po%e% !n" A"olfo Fort!5!"! for the D!nnlmentD of the &ill ofFlorentino Bito%i% !n" for the re(oer* of the %!me 61 p!r(el% of l!n"+ he* pr!*e" forthe !ppointment of ! re(eier+ =68(7 C-35LA!NT<

!SS"#

2ON !llo&!n(e of &ill /pr!*e" for in 1967 (ompl!int i% !li" #ien the 199 "e(ree ofprob!te !n" the 19 or"er of "i%mi%%!l in Ciil C!%e No+ 696

$#LDNORatio After the fin!lit* of the !llo&!n(e of ! &ill, the i%%e !% to the olnt!rine%% ofit% e'e(tion (!nnot be r!i%e" !n*more /S!nto% %+ <e 8en!entr!+Reasoning- he 199 "e(ree of prob!te i% (on(l%ie !% to the "e e'e(tion or form!l !li"it*of the &ill /Se(+ 6, A(t 190; %e(+ 1, >le 76, no& %e(+ 1, >le 7, >le% of Cort; !%tp!r+ of !rt+ ==, Ciil Co"e+ h!t me!n% th!t the te%t!tor &!% of %on" !n" "i%po%in#min" !t the time &hen he e'e(te" the &ill !n" &!% not !(tin# n"er "re%%, men!(e,fr!", or n"e inflen(e; th!t the &ill &!% %i#ne" b* him in the pre%en(e of thereire" nmber of &itne%%e%, !n" th!t the &ill i% #enine !n" i% not ! for#er*+A((or"in#l*, the%e f!(t% (!nnot !#!in be e%tione" in ! %b%eent pro(ee"in#, not

een in ! (rimin!l !(tion for the for#er* of the &ill+ / .or!n$% Comment% on the >le%of Cort, 1970 E"ition, p+ 9; .!n!h!n %+ .!n!h!n+-Austria vs. Ventenilla  ! Dpetition for !nnlment of ! &illD &!% not entert!ine"!fter the "e(ree of prob!te h!" be(ome fin!l+

D2ill%; Prob!te; Alle#e" Fr!"lent 2ill; Appe!l+ V+ "ie"+ Bi% &ill &!% !"mitte" toprob!te &ithot ob5e(tion+ No !ppe!l &!% t!en from %!i" or"er+ It &!% !"mitte"th!t "e !n" le#!l noti(e h!" been #ien to !ll p!rtie%+ Fifteen month% !fter the"!te of %!i" or"er, ! motion &!% pre%ente" in the lo&er (ort to h!e %!i" &ill"e(l!re" nll !n" oi", for the re!%on th!t fr!" h!" been pr!(ti(e" pon the"e(e!%e" in the m!in# of hi% &ill+DBel" h!t n"er %e(tion 6 of A(t No+ 190, the onl* time #ien p!rtie% &ho !re"i%ple!%e" &ith the or"er !"mittin# to prob!te ! &ill, for !n !ppe!l i% the time #ienfor !ppe!l% in or"in!r* !(tion%; bt &ithot "e(i"in# &hether or not !n or"er!"mittin# ! &ill to prob!te &ill be opene" for fr!", !fter the time !llo&e" for !n!ppe!l h!% e'pire", &hen no !ppe!l i% t!en from !n or"er prob!tin# ! &ill, the

heir% (!n not, in %b%eent liti#!tion in the %!me pro(ee"in#%, r!i%e e%tion%rel!tin# to it% "e e'e(tion+ he prob!te of ! &ill i% (on(l%ie !% to it% "ee'e(tion !n" !% to the te%t!ment!r* (!p!(it* of the te%t!tor+D /See A%tri! %+Beir% of Ventenill!, 99 Phil+ 1069+

D# LA C#NA v 5-T-T1 SC>A 76

>E3ES

NAT"#Appe!l from the CA "e(i%ion reer%in# Ceb CFI

FACTS- Spo%e% 8ern!be "e l! Cern! !n" @er!%i! >eb!(! e'e(te" ! 5oint l!%t &ill !n"

te%t!ment in their lo(!l "i!le(t &illin# t&o p!r(el% of l!n" to#ether &ith !ll theimproement% thereon to their nie(e, .!nel! >eb!(!+ he (ople &ere (hil"le%%+ A%

! (on"ition on the 5oint &ill, the frit% of the t&o p!r(el% %h!ll be en5o*e" b* either thete%t!tor% &hile he or %he i% *et liin#+- :pon the "e!th of 8ern!be "e l! Cern! in 199 the &ill &!% %bmitte" for prob!tebefore the CFI of Ceb &hi(h "e(l!re" %!i" &ill to be le#!l !n" !li"+ 2hen @er!%i!"ie" in 19, !nother petition for the prob!te of the %!me &ill &!% %bmitte" beforethe %!me Ceb CFI+ hi% time, ho&eer, the te%t!ment &% "e(l!re" nll !n" oi" forbein# e'e(te" (ontr!r* to the prohibition of 5oint &ill% in Arti(le 669 of the Ol" Ciil

Co"e !n" Arti(le =1= of the Ne& Ciil Co"e+- On !ppe!l, the CA reer%e" the rlin# of the Ceb CFI on the #ron" th!t the "e(reeof prob!te in 199 &!% (on(l%ie on the "e e'e(tion of the te%t!ment+ he CA"e(l!re" th!t

DT T T+ It i% tre the l!& /Art+ 669, ol" Ciil Co"e; Art+ =1=, ne& Ciil Co"eprohibit% the m!in# of ! &ill 5ointl* b* t&o or more per%on% either for their re(ipro(!lbenefit or for the benefit of ! thir" per%on+ $owever, this form of will has longbeen san%tioned by se, and the same has %ontined to be sed> and when,as in the +resent %ase, one s%h ?oint last will and testament has beenadmitted to +robate by final order of a Cort of %om+etent ?risdi%tion,there seems to be no alternative ex%e+t to give effe%t to the +rovisionsthereof that are not %ontrary to law, as was done in the %ase of 3a%rohonvs& Saavedra, *6 5hil& '(7, wherein or S+reme Cort gave effe%t to the+rovisions of the ?oint will therein mentioned, saying @assming that the ?oint will in estion is valid@&

- Ben(e thi% !ppe!l b* the heir% inte%t!te of the "e(e!%e" h%b!n", 8ern!be "e l!Cern!

!SS"#S1+ 2ON the 5oint &ill i% le#!l !n" !li" in %o f!r !% 8ern!be "e l! Cern! i% (on(erne"+ 2ON the 5oint &ill i% le#!l !n" !li" in %o f!r !% @er!%i! >eb!(! i% (on(erne"$#LD1+ 3e%+ he SC rle" th!t the fin!l "e(ree of prob!te entere" in 199 b* the Ceb CFIh!% (on(l%ie effe(t !% to the l!%t &ill !n" te%t!ment of 8ern!be "e l! Cern! "e%pitethe f!(t th!t the Ciil Co"e !lre!"* "e(re"" the in!li"it* of 5oint &ill%, &hether inf!or of the 5oint te%t!tor%, re(ipro(!ll*, or in f!or of ! thir" p!rt*+ he error(ommitte" b* the prob!te (ort &!% !n error of l!& th!t %hol" h!e been (orre(te"b* !ppe!l+ A final ?dgment rendered on a +etition for the +robate of a will isbinding +on the whole world 3analo vs& 5aredes, )7 5hil& 829> !n re #stateof ;ohnson, 28 5hil& 6*(E > and +bli% +oli%y and sond +ra%ti%e demand that

at the ris of o%%asional errors, ?dgment of %orts shold be%ome final atsome definite date fixed by law& !nterest rei +bli%ae t finis sit litim DyCay vs& Crossfield, 29 5hil& *'6, and other %ases %ited in ' 3oran Commentson the les of Cort 68(2 #d&, 5& 2''E& The dismissal of the a%tion by theheirs and s%%essors of De la Cerna was %orre%t&+ No+ he pre%ent %b5e(t m!tter of the prob!te i% the l!%t &ill !n" te%t!ment of@er!%i! &ho "ie" m(h l!ter th!n her h%b!n"+ Ben(e, in %o f!r !% the e%t!te of the&ife i% (on(erne", the 5oint &ill m%t be ree%!mine" !n" !"5"i(!te" "e noo %in(ethe 5oint &ill i% (on%i"ere" ! %ep!r!te &ill of e!(h te%t!tor+ h% re#!r"e", the hol"in#of the Cort of Fir%t In%t!n(e of Ceb th!t the 5oint &ill i% one prohibite" b* l!& &!%(orre(t !% to the p!rti(ip!tion of the "e(e!%e" @er!%i! >eb!(! in the propertie% ine%tion, for the re!%on% e'ten%iel* "i%(%%e" in or "e(i%ion in 8ilb!o %+ 8ilb!o, =7Phil+ 144, th!t e'pl!ine" the preio% hol"in# in .!(rohon %+ S!!e"r!, 1 Phil+, 67+Therefore, the ndivided interest of Gervasia eba%a shold +ass +on herdeath to her heirs intestate, and not ex%lsively to the testamentary heir,

nless some other valid will in her favor is shown to exist, or nless she bethe only heir intestate of said Gervasia&

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3AN!NANG v CA 5-N-1#E114 SC>A 47=

.EENCIO-BE>>E>A; )ne 19, 19=

NAT"#A Petition to >eie& the <e(i%ion CA

FACTS- Clemen(i! A%enet!, %in#le, "ie" !n" left ! holo#r!phi( &ill %!*in# th!t !ll her re!lpropertie% lo(!te" in .!nil!, .!!ti, e?on Cit*, Alb!* !n" e#!%pi Cit* !n" !ll herper%on!l propertie% %h!ll be inherite" b* <r!+ Sole"!" + .!nin!n# &ith &ho%e f!mil*%he h!e lie" &ith+- Sole"!" .!nin!n# file" ! Petition for prob!te of the 2ill of the "e(e"ent &ith the CFI+- 8ern!r"o A%enet!, &ho, !% the !"opte" %on, (l!im% to be the %ole heir of "e(e"entClemen(i! A%enet!, in%titte" inte%t!te pro(ee"in#%+- he t&o (!%e% &ere or"ere" (on%oli"!te"+- 8ern!r"o then file" ! .otion to <i%mi%% the e%t!te C!%e on the #ron" th!t theholo#r!phi( &ill &!% nll !n" oi" be(!%e he, !% the onl* (ompl%or* heir, &!%preterite" !n", therefore, inte%t!(* %hol" en%e+- he lo&er Cort or"ere" the "i%mi%%!l of the e%t!te C!%e+ .> "enie"+ .!nin!n#re%orte" to ! (ertior!ri Petition before CA+

!SS"#2ON the Cort a uo ! o !(te" in e'(e%% of it% 5ri%"i(tion &hen it "i%mi%%e" the

 e%t!te C!%e+

$#LD- 3ES+ @ener!ll*, the prob!te of ! 2ill i% m!n"!tor*+ Norm!ll*, the prob!te of ! 2ill"oe% not loo into it% intrin%i( !li"it*+- he 1uguid !n" the &alanay (!%e% proi"e the e'(eption r!ther th!n the rle+ heintrin%i( !li"it* of the 2ill% in tho%e (!%e% &!% p!%%e" pon een before prob!tebe(!%e Dpr!(ti(!l (on%i"er!tion%D %o "em!n"e"+ .oreoer, for the p!rtie% in the1uguid (!%e, the Dme!t of the (ontroer%*D &!% the intrin%i( !li"it* of the 2ill; inf!(t, the p!rtie% in th!t (!%e D%hnte" !%i"e the e%tion of &hether or not the 2ill%hol" be !llo&e" prob!te+D Not %o in the (!%e before % no& &here the prob!te of the2ill i% in%i%te" on b* petitioner% !n" ! re%oltion on the e'trin%i( !li"it* of the 2ill

"em!n"e"+- .oreoer, in the 1uguid (!%e, thi% Cort rle" th!t the 2ill &!% intrin%i(!ll* in!li"!% it (ompletel* preterite" the p!rent% of the te%t!tor+ In the in%t!nt (!%e, ! (r(i!li%%e th!t (!ll% for re%oltion i% &hether n"er the term% of the "e(e"ent$% 2ill,pri!te re%pon"ent h!" been preterite" or "i%inherite", !n" if the l!tter, &hether it&!% ! !li" "i%inherit!n(e+ Preterition !n" "i%inherit!n(e !re t&o "ier%e (on(ept%+- 8* irte of the "i%mi%%!l of the e%t!te C!%e, the "etermin!tion of th!t (ontroer%i!li%%e h!% not been thoro#hl* (on%i"ere"+ 2e #!ther from the !%%!ile" Or"er of thetri!l Cort th!t it% (on(l%ion &!% th!t re%pon"ent 8ern!r"o h!% been preterite" 2e!re of opinion, ho&eer, th!t from the f!(e of the 2ill, th!t (on(l%ion i% notin"bit!ble+

5AST- v CA "#3ADAE40 Phil 476

PANA ;  )ne 4, 19=

NAT"# hi% i% ! (!%e of here"it!r* %((e%%ion+

FACTS- Al!ro P!%tor, Sr+ /PASO>, S>+ "ie" in Ceb Cit* on )ne , 1966+ Be &!%%rie" b* hi% &ife Sofi! 8o%%io, their t&o le#itim!te (hil"ren Al!ro P!%tor,

 )r+ /PASO>, )>+ !n" Sofi! P!%tor "e .i"#el* /SOFIA, !n" !n ille#itim!te(hil" e&ell*n 8!rlito :E.A<A+- :E.A<A file" &ith the CFI ! petition for the prob!te !n" !llo&!n(e of !n!lle#e" holo#r!phi( &ill left b* PASO>, S>+ he &ill (ont!ine" onl* onete%t!ment!r* "i%po%ition ! le#!(* in f!or of :E.A<A (on%i%tin# of 0U ofPASO>, S>+$% 4U %h!re in the oper!tion b* AAS of %ome minin# (l!im%in Pin!-8!rot, Ceb+- he prob!te (ort !ppointe" him %pe(i!l !"mini%tr!tor of the entire e%t!teof PASO>, S>+ to &hi(h P!%tor )r+ An" hi% %i%ter Sofi! oppo%e"+ :E.A<A !%%pe(i!l !"mini%tr!tor, in%titte" !#!in%t PASO>, )>+ !n" hi% &ife !n !(tionfor re(one*!n(e of !lle#e" propertie% of the e%t!te %b5e(t of the le#!(*&hi(h &ere in the n!me% of PASO>, )>+ !n" hi% &ife, &ho (l!ime" to be theo&ner% thereof in their o&n ri#ht%, !n" not b* inherit!n(e+- he prob!te (ort then i%%e" !n or"er !llo&in# the holo#r!phi( &ill toprob!te+- For t&o *e!r% !fter rem!n" of the (!%e to the P>O8AE CO:>, :E.A<Afile" ple!"in# !fter ple!"in# !%in# for p!*ment of hi% le#!(* !n" %ei?re ofthe propertie% %b5e(t of %!i" le#!(*+- PASO>, )>+ !n" SOFIA oppo%e" the%e ple!"in#% on the #ron" th!t therei% %till ! re(one*!n(e %it pen"in# &ith !nother br!n(h of CFI+- he P>O8AE CO:> then %et ! he!rin# on the intrin%i( !li"it* of the &illbt no he!rin# &!% hel" be(!%e of the oppo%ition of P!%tor )r+ !n" Sofi!!#!in on the %!me #ron" of pen"en(* of the re(one*!n(e %it+ In%te!",the prob!te (ort reire" the p!rtie% to %bmit their re%pe(tie po%itionp!per%+- PASO>+ )>+ !n" SOFIA %bmitte" their .emor!n"m &hi(h in effe(t%ho&e" th!t "etermin!tion of ho& m(h :E.A<A %hol" re(eie &!% %till

prem!tre+ :E.A<A !l%o %bmitte" hi% Po%ition p!per+- So &hile the re(one*!n(e %it &!% %till bein# liti#!te", the P>O8AECO:> i%%e" !n Or"er of E'e(tion !n" @!rni%hment re%olin# thee%tion of o&ner%hip of the ro*!ltie% from AAS !n" rlin# th!t the le#!(*to em!"! &!% not inoffi(io%+ he or"er bein# Dimme"i!tel* e'e(tor*D,:E.A<A %((ee"e" in obt!inin# ! 2rit of E'e(tion !n" @!rni%hment !n"in %erin# the %!me on AAS on the %!me "!*+- P!%tor )r+ !n" Sofi! file" ! motion for re(on%i"er!tion on the #ron" th!tthe P>O8AE CO:> #r!el* !b%e" it% "i%(retion &hen it re%ole" thee%tion of o&ner%hip of the ro*!ltie% !n" or"ere" the p!*ment of:E.A<A$% le#!(* !fter prem!trel* p!%%in# pon the intrin%i( !li"it* ofthe &ill+- Een before the .F> (ol" be re%ole", PASO>, )>+ !n" hi% &ife file" &ith

the CA ! Petition for (ertior!ri+ he petition &!% "enie" on the #ron" th!t

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it% filin# &!% prem!tre be(!%e there &!% %till !n .F> pen"in# before theP>O8AE CO:>+ he %po%e% moe" for re(on%i"er!tion+- 2hile thi% petition &!% pen"in#, the prob!te (ort i%%e" !n or"er &hi(hthe (ort (l!im% to h!e re%ole" the e%tion of the in%trin%i( !li"it* of the&ill !n" of the o&ner%hip of the minin# (l!im%, ren"erin# moot !n"!(!"emi( the %it for re(one*!n(e+

- Ben(e thi% petition !%%!ilin# the or"er% i%%e" b* the prob!te (ort+ hepetitioner% !re !r#in# th!t before the proi%ion% of the holo#r!phi( &ill (!nbe implemente", the e%tion% of o&ner%hip of the minin# propertie% !n"the intrin%i( !li"it* of the holo#r!phi( &ill m%t fir%t be re%ole" &ithfin!lit*+

!SS"#S2ON the Prob!te Or"er re%ole" &ith fin!lit* the e%tion% of o&ner%hip !n"intrin%i( !li"it* of the &ill+

$#LDNo+Contrary to the +osition taen by the +robate %ort, these twoissed have not yet been resolved& Therefore, the 5robate -rder%old not have resolved and a%tally did not de%ide "#3ADA@sentitlement to the lega%y& This being so, the -rders for the+ayment of the lega%y in alleged im+lementation of the 5robate-rder of 687' are nwarranted for la% of basis&In ! %pe(i!l pro(ee"in# for the prob!te of ! &ill, the i%%e b* !n" l!r#e i%re%tri(te" to the e'trin%i( !li"it* of the &ill, i+e+, &hether the te%t!tor, bein#of %on" min", freel* e'e(te" the &ill in !((or"!n(e &ith the form!litie%pre%(ribe" b* l!&+ A% ! rle, the e%tion of o&ner%hip i% !n e'tr!neo%m!tter &hi(h the Prob!te Cort (!nnot re%ole &ith fin!lit*+ h%, for theprpo%e of "eterminin# &hether ! (ert!in propert* %hol" or %hol" not bein(l"e" in the inentor* of e%t!te propertie%, the Prob!te Cort m!* p!%%pon the title thereto, bt %(h "etermin!tion i% proi%ion!l, not (on(l%ie,!n" i% %b5e(t to the fin!l "e(i%ion in ! %ep!r!te !(tion to re%ole title+

2hen PASO>, S>+ "ie" in 1966, he &!% %rie" b* hi% &ife+ here i%therefore ! nee" to lii"!te the (on5#!l p!rtner%hip !n" %et !p!rt the%h!re of PASO>, S>+$% &ife in the (on5#!l p!rtner%hip+ 2hen the "i%pte"or"er &!% i%%e", no lii"!tion of the (ommnit* propertie" tr!n%pire" *et+ h%, there h!" been no prior "efinitie "etermin!tion of the !%%et% of thee%t!te of PASO>, S>+ here &!% !n inentor* of hi% propertie% pre%m!bl*prep!re" b* the %pe(i!l !"mini%tr!tor, bt it "oe% not !ppe!r th!t it &!%eer the %b5e(t of ! he!rin# or th!t it &!% 5"i(i!ll* !pproe"+ here(one*!n(e or re(oer* of propertie% !lle#e"l* o&ne" bt not in the n!meof PASO>, S>+ &!% %till bein# liti#!te" in !nother (ort+ here &!% no!ppropri!te "etermin!tion, m(h le%% p!*ment, of the "ebt% of the "e(e"ent!n" hi% e%t!te+ Nor h!" the e%t!te t!' been "etermine" !n" p!i"+ he net!%%et% of the e%t!te not h!in# been "etermine", the le#itime of the for(e"

heir% in (on(rete fi#re% (ol" not be !%(ert!ine"+

All the fore#oin# "efi(ien(ie% (on%i"ere", it &!% not po%%ible to "etermine&hether the le#!(* of :E.A<A - ! fi'e" %h!re in ! %pe(ifi( propert* r!therth!n !n !liot p!rt of the entire net e%t!te of the "e(e!%e" &ol" pro"(e!n imp!irment of the le#itime of the (ompl%or* heir%+ here !(t!ll* &!% no "etermin!tion of the intrin%i( !li"it* of the &ill inother re%pe(t%+ It &!% obio%l* for thi% re!%on th!t !% l!te !% .!r(h , 19=0

- more th!n 7 *e!r% !fter the or"er &!% i%%e" the Prob!te Cort %(he"le"on ! he!rin# on the intrinsic !li"it* of the &ill+

-B#TS v L#-N!DAS @+>+ No+ -09

A:INO; April 7, 19=4FACTS-E"&!r" .+ @rimm !n Ameri(!n re%i"ent of .!nil!, "ie"+Be &!% %rie" b* hi%%e(on" &ife, .!'ine !te @rimm !n" their t&o (hil"ren, n!me" E"&!r" .iller @rimm II/Pete !n" in"! @rimm !n" b* )!nit! @rimm .orri% !n" Ethel @rimm >obert%/.(F!""en, hi% t&o (hil"ren b* ! fir%t m!rri!#e &hi(h en"e" in "ior(e +- Be e'e(te" two wills in S!n Fr!n(i%(o, C!liforni!+ One &ill "i%po%e" of hi% Philippinee%t!te &hi(h he "e%(ribe" !% (on5#!l propert* of him%elf !n" hi% %e(on" &ife+ he%e(on" &in "i%po%e" of hi% e%t!te ot%i"e the Philippine%+

In both &ill%, the %e(on" &ife !n" t&o (hil"ren &ere f!ore"+ he t&o (hil"ren of the"irst marriage &ere #ien their le#itime% in the &ill "i%po%in# of the e%t!te %it!te" inthi% (ontr*+- .!'ine !n" her t&o (hil"ren in"! !n" Pete, !% the fir%t p!rtie%, !n" Ethel, )!nit!@rimm .orri% !n" their mother )!nit! e#le* @rimm !% the %e(on" p!rtie%, withknowledge o" the intestate proceeding in Manila, entere" into ! compromiseagreement  in :t!h re#!r"in# the e%t!te+- In th!t !#reement, .!'ine, Pete !n" Ethel &ol" be "e%i#n!te" !% per%on!lrepre%ent!tie% /!"mini%tr!tor% of @rimm$% Philippine e%t!te+ It &!% !l%o %tipl!te"th!t .!'ine$% one-h!lf (on5#!l %h!re in the e%t!te %hol" be re%ere" for her !n" th!t&ol" not be le%% th!n 1,00,000 pl% the home% in :t!h !n" S!nt! .e%!, .!nil!+

 he !#reement in"i(!te" the (ompt!tion of the Dnet "i%tribt!ble e%t!teD+- It &!% %tipl!te" th!t the "e(e"ent$% for (hil"ren D%h!ll %h!re e!ll* in the Net<i%tribt!ble E%t!teD !n" th!t Ethel !n" )!nit! .orri% %hol" e!(h re(eie !t le!%t 1-1GU of the tot!l of the net "i%tribt!ble e%t!te !n" m!rit!l %h!re+

- Ethel file" in the CFI !n intestate proceeding for the %ettlement of hi% e%t!te+ She&!% n!me" %pe(i!l !"mini%tr!tri'+.!'ine, file" !n opposition and MT2 the intestate

 proceeding on the #ron" of the pen"en(* of :t!h of ! pro(ee"in# for the prob!te+She !l%o moe" th!t %he be !ppointe" %pe(i!l !"mini%tr!tri', She %bmitte" to the(ort ! (op* of @rimm$% &ill "i%po%in# of hi% Philippine e%t!te+- he inte%t!te (ort note" th!t .!'ine &ith"re& th!t oppo%ition !n" .< !n", !t thebehe%t of .!'ine, Ethel !n" Pete, !ppointe" them 5oint !"mini%tr!tor%, pr%!nt to the:t!h (ompromi%e !#reement+ The court ignored the will already "ound in the record.- he three !"mini%tr!tor% %bmitte" !n inentor*+ 2ith the !thorit* !n" !ppro!l ofthe (ort, the* %ol" b%ine%%e% !n" %h!re% of %to( o&ne" b* the "e(e!%e"+- A(tin# on the "e(l!r!tion of heir% !n" pro5e(t of p!rtition %i#ne" !n" file" b* l!&*er%/not %i#ne" b* .!'ine !n" her t&o (hil"ren, the lo&er (ort !"5"i(!te" to .!'ine of the "e(e"ent$% Philippine e%t!te !n" 1G= e!(h to hi% for (hil"ren+- For ! period o" more than "i%e months  there &!% no moement or !(tiit* in theinte%t!te (!%e+ hen )!nit! @rimm .orri%, file" ! motion for !((ontin# D%o th!t the

E%t!te propertie% (!n be p!rtitione" !mon# the heir% !n" the pre%ent inte%t!te e%t!tebe (lo%e"+D <el C!ll!r, .!'ine$% l!&*er &!% notifie" of th!t motion+

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- 8efore th!t motion (ol" be he!r", .!'ine, Pete !n" in"!, file" ! petition pr!*in#for the prob!te of @rimm$% t&o &ill% /!lre!"* prob!te" in :t!h, th!t the 1979p!rtition !pproe" b* the inte%t!te (ort be %et !%i"e !n" the letter% of !"mini%tr!tionreoe", th!t .!'ine be !ppointe" e'e(tri' !n" th!t Ethel !n" )!nit! .orri% beor"ere" to !((ont for the propertie% re(eie" b* them !n" to retrn the %!me to.!'ine+- he %e(on" &ife !n" t&o (hil"ren !lle#e" th!t the* &ere "efr!" "e to the

m!(hin!tion% of the >obert% %po%e%, th!t the 197= :t!h (ompromi%e !#reement &!%ille#!l, th!t the inte%t!te pro(ee"in# i% oi" be(!%e @rimm "ie" te%t!te !n" th!t thep!rtition &!% (ontr!r* to the "e(e"ent$% &ill%+- Ethel file" ! .<+ )"#e eoni"!% "enie" it for l!( of merit+ Ethel then file" !petition for (ertior!ri !n" prohibition in thi% Cort, pr!*in# th!t the te%t!te pro(ee"in#be "i%mi%%e", or+ !ltern!tiel* th!t the t&o pro(ee"in#% be (on%oli"!te" !n" he!r"!n" th!t the m!tter of the !nnlment of the :t!h (ompromi%e !#reement be he!r"prior to the petition for prob!te+

$#LD2e hol" th!t re%pon"ent 5"#e "i" not (ommit !n* #r!e !b%e of "i%(retion,!montin# to l!( of 5ri%"i(tion, in "en*in# Ethel$% .<+- A te%t!te pro(ee"in# i% proper in thi% (!%e be(!%e @rimm "ie" &ith t&o &ill% !n"Dno &ill %h!ll p!%% either re!l or per%on!l propert* nle%% it i% proe" !n" !llo&e"D/Art+ ==, CC+

- he prob!te of the &ill i% m!n"!tor*+ It i% !nom!lo% th!t the e%t!te of ! per%on &ho"ie" testate %hol" be %ettle" in !n inte%t!te pro(ee"in#+ herefore, the inte%t!te(!%e %hol" be (on%oli"!te" &ith the te%t!te pro(ee"in# !n" the 5"#e !%%i#ne" tothe te%t!te pro(ee"in# %hol" (ontine he!rin# the t&o (!%e%+- Ethel m!* file &ithin t&ent* "!*% from noti(e of the fin!lit* of thi% 5"#ment !noppo%ition !n" !n%&er to the petition nle%% %he (on%i"er% her motion to "i%mi%% !n"other ple!"in#% %ffi(ient for the prpo%e+ )!nit! @+ .orri%, &ho !ppe!re" in theinte%t!te (!%e, %hol" be %ere" &ith (opie% of or"er%, noti(e% !n" other p!per% in thete%t!te (!%e+

N#5-3"C#N- v CA G-3#.E19 SC>A 06

O(tober 9, 19=; @:IE>>EK

NAT"#Petition for (ertior!ri

FACTS  .!rtin )#o "ie" &ith l!%t 2ill !n" e%t!ment &ith !ll the form!litie% reire" b*l!&+ In the %!i" 2ill, the te%t!tor n!me" !n" !ppointe" herein petitioner Sofi! )+Nepom(eno !% hi% %ole !n" onl* e'e(tor of hi% e%t!te+ It i% (le!rl* %t!te" in the 2illth!t the te%t!tor &!% le#!ll* m!rrie" to ! (ert!in >fin! @ome? b* &hom he h!" t&ole#itim!te (hil"ren, O%(!r !n" C!rmelit!, bt %in(e 19, he h!" been e%tr!n#e" fromhi% l!&fll* &e""e" &ife !n" h!" been liin# &ith petitioner !% h%b!n" !n" &ife+ Inf!(t, on <e(ember , 19, the te%t!tor .!rtin )#o !n" the petitioner herein, Sofi! )+Nepom(eno &ere m!rrie" in Vi(tori!, !rl!( before the )%ti(e of the Pe!(e+ hete%t!tor "ei%e" to hi% for(e" heir%, n!mel*, hi% le#!l &ife >fin! @ome? !n" hi%(hil"ren O%(!r !n" C!rmelit! hi% entire e%t!te !n" the free portion thereof to hereinpetitioner+

 he petitioner file" ! petition for the prob!te of the l!%t 2ill !n" e%t!ment of the"e(e!%e" .!rtin )#o in the CFI >i?!l !n" !%e" for the i%%!n(e to her of letter%te%t!ment!r*+

 he le#!l &ife of the te%t!tor, >fin! @ome? !n" her (hil"ren file" !n oppo%ition+ he lo&er (ort "enie" the prob!te of the 2ill on the #ron" th!t !% the te%t!tor!"mitte" in hi% 2ill to (oh!bitin# &ith the petitioner from <e(ember 19 ntil hi%"e!th on )l* 16, 1974, the 2ill$% !"mi%%ion to prob!te &ill be !n i"le e'er(i%e

be(!%e on the f!(e of the 2ill, the in!li"it* of it% intrin%i( proi%ion% i% ei"ent+ he (!%e re!(he" the CA !n" the re%pon"ent (ort %et !%i"e the "e(i%ion of the CFI of>i?!l "en*in# the prob!te of the &ill+ he CA "e(l!re" the 2ill to be !li" e'(ept th!tthe "ei%e in f!or of the petitioner i% nll !n" oi" pr%!nt to Arti(le 79  in rel!tion&ith Arti(le 10=+

!SS"#2ON the re%pon"ent (ort !(te" in e'(e%% of it% 5ri%"i(tion &hen !fter "e(l!rin# thel!%t 2ill !n" e%t!ment of the "e(e!%e" .!rtin )#o !li"l* "r!&n, it &ent on to p!%%pon the intrin%i( !li"it* of the te%t!ment!r* proi%ion in f!or of herein petitioner+

$#LDNO+ he #ener!l rle i% th!t in prob!te pro(ee"in#%, the (ort$% !re! of inir* i%limite" to !n e'!min!tion !n" re%oltion of the e'trin%i( !li"it* of the 2ill+ he rle,ho&eer, i% not infle'ible !n" !b%olte+ @ien e'(eption!l (ir(m%t!n(e%, the prob!te

(ort i% not po&erle%% to "o &h!t the %it!tion (on%tr!in% it to "o !n" p!%% pon(ert!in proi%ion% of the 2ill+)easoning,

!+ In N#i" + N#i", the te%t!tor in%titte" the petitioner !% nier%!l heir!n" (ompletel* preterite" her %riin# for(e" heir%+ A &ill of thi% n!tre, nom!tter ho& !li" it m!* !ppe!r e'trin%i(!ll*, &ol" be nll !n" oi"+Sep!r!te or l!tter pro(ee"in#% to "etermine the intrin%i( !li"it* of thete%t!ment!r* proi%ion% &ol" be %perflo%+

b+ he prohibition in Arti(le 79 of the Ciil Co"e i% !#!in%t the m!in# of !"on!tion bet&een per%on% &ho !re liin# in !"lter* or (on(bin!#e+ It i% the"on!tion &hi(h be(ome% oi"+ he #ier (!nnot #ie een !%%min# th!t there(ipient m!* re(eie+ he er* &or"in#% of the 2ill in!li"!te the le#!(*be(!%e the te%t!tor !"mitte" he &!% "i%po%in# the propertie% to ! per%on&ith &hom he h!" been liin# in (on(bin!#e+ /Note he "efen%e ofNepom(eno th!t %he &!% not !&!re th!t )#o &!% m!rrie" &!% not

beliee" b* the (ort+

3#CAD- v SANT-S@+>+ No+ 469

A:>E; September , 19=

FACTS

 he follo&in# "on!tion% %h!ll be oi"

  /1 ho%e m!"e bet&een per%on% &ho &ere #ilt* of !"lter* or (on(bin!#e !t the time of the "on!tion;  / ho%e m!"e bet&een per%on% fon" #ilt* of the %!me (rimin!l offen%e, in (on%i"er!tion thereof;  / ho%e m!"e to ! pbli( offi(er or hi% &ife, "e%(en"!nt% !n" !%(en"!nt%, b* re!%on of hi% offi(e+In the (!%e referre" to in No+ 1, the !(tion for "e(l!r!tion of nllit* m!* be bro#ht b* the %po%e of the "onor or"onee; !n" the #ilt of the "onor !n" "onee m!* be proe" b* prepon"er!n(e of ei"en(e in the %!me !(tion+3

 Dhe prohibition% mentione" in Arti(le 79, (on(ernin# "on!tion% inter io% %h!ll !ppl* to te%t!ment!r*proi%ion%+D

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In .!* 191, the petitioner Atil!no .er(!"o file" in the CFI of P!mp!n#! ! petition forthe prob!te of the &ill of hi% "e(e!%e" &ife, Ine% 8!%!+ he prob!te (ort, in )ne191, !"mitte" the &ill to prob!te+ Almo%t *e!r% l!ter, interenor% moe" e'p!rte to reopen the pro(ee"in#%, !lle#in# l!( of 5ri%"i(tion of the (ort to prob!tethe &ill !n" to (lo%e the pro(ee"in#%, &hi(h motion &!% "enie"+It !ppe!r% th!t 16 month% !fter the prob!te of the &ill of Ine% 8!%!, interenor "eeon file" (ompl!int% !#!in%t .er(!"o for f!l%ifi(!tion or for#er* of the &ill prob!te"

!% !boe in"i(!te"+ he 1%t

  (!%e% &ere "i%mi%%e" !t the in%t!n(e of the (ompl!in!nt,&hile l!%t (!%e &!% "i%mi%%e" on the #ron" th!t the &ill !lle#e" to h!e beenf!l%ifie" h!" !lre!"* been prob!te" !n" there &!% no ei"en(e th!t the petitioner h!"for#e" the %i#n!tre of the te%t!tri' !ppe!rin# thereon+ <i%%!ti%fie" &ith the re%lt,the proin(i!l fi%(!l moe" for reine%ti#!tion of the (!%e+ /f*i- petitioner &!% !rre%te"4 time%W he petitioner moe" to "i%mi%% the (!%e (l!imin# th!t the &ill !lle#e" toh!e been for#e" h!" !lre!"* been prob!te" !n", frther, th!t the or"er prob!tin#the &ill i% (on(l%ie !% to the !thenti(it* !n" "e e'e(tion thereof+ he motion &!%oerrle"+

!SS"#2ON the prob!te of the &ill of hi% "e(e!%e" &ife i% ! b!r to the petitionerH% (rimin!lpro%e(tion for the !lle#e" for#er* of the %!i" &ill

$#LD

 4#S- Sec.034 o" our Code o" Ci%5ro,D Effe(t of 5"#ment+ he effe(t of ! 5"#ment or fin!l or"er in !n !(tion or %pe(i!lpro(ee"in# before ! (ort or 5"#e of the Philippine I%l!n"%X m!* be !% follo&%'' in re%pe(t to the prob!te of ! &illX the 5"#ment or or"er i% (on(l%ie ponXthe &ill or !"mini%tr!tionX Proi"e", h!t the prob!te of ! &ill or #r!ntin# of letter% of!"mini%tr!tion %h!ll onl* be prim! f!(ie ei"en(e of the "e!th of the te%t!tor orinte%t!te+- SEC. 4/6.  Allo&!n(e Ne(e%%!r*, !n" Con(l%ie !% to E'e(tion+ No &ill %h!llp!%% either the re!l or per%on!l e%t!te, nle%% it i% proe" !n" !llo&e" in the CFI, or b*!ppe!l to the SC; !n" the !llo&!n(e b* the (ort of ! &ill of re!l !n" per%on!l e%t!te%h!ll be (on(l%ie !% to it% "e e'e(tion+D-  Manahan %s. Manahan,D+ + + he "e(ree of prob!te i% (on(l%ie &ith re%pe(t to the "e e'e(tion thereof !n"it (!nnot be imp#ne" on !n* of the #ron"% !thori?e" b* l!&, e'(ept th!t of fr!",

in !n* %ep!r!te or in"epen"ent !(tion or pro(ee"in#+ D- he prob!te of ! &ill in thi% 5ri%"i(tion i% ! pro(ee"in# in rem+ he proi%ion ofnoti(e b* pbli(!tion !% ! prerei%ite to the !llo&!n(e of ! &ill i% (on%tr(tie noti(eto the &hole &orl", !n" &hen prob!te i% #r!nte", the 5"#ment of the (ort i% bin"in#pon eer*bo"*, een !#!in%t the St!te+- he pro(ee"in# for the prob!te of ! &ill i% one in rem !n" the (ort !(ire%

 5ri%"i(tion oer !ll the per%on% intere%te", thro#h the pbli(!tion of the noti(epre%(ribe" b* %e(tion 60 of the Co"e of Ciil Pro(e"re, !n" !n* or"er th!t m!* beentere" therein i% bin"in# !#!in%t !ll of them+- Sec. 000 par. 7 o" the Code o" Ci%il 5rocedure e%t!bli%he% !n in(ontroertiblepre%mption in f!or of 5"#ment% "e(l!re" b* it to be (on(l%ieD he follo&in# pre%mption% or "e"(tion%, &hi(h the l!& e'pre%%l* "ire(t% to bem!"e from p!rti(l!r f!(t%, !re "eeme" (on(l%ie''' ''' '''D4+ he 5"#ment or or"er of ! (ort, &hen "e(l!re" b* thi% (o"e to be (on(l%ie+D

- Con(l%ie pre%mption% !re inferen(e% &hi(h the l!& m!e% %o peremptor* th!t it&ill not !llo& them to be oertrne" b* !n* (ontr!r* proof ho&eer %tron#+ he &ill in

e%tion h!in# been prob!te" b* ! (ompetent (ort, the l!& &ill not !"mit !n* proofto oerthro& the le#!l pre%mption th!t it i% #enine !n" not ! for#er*+- Ameri(!n !n" En#li%h (!%e% %ho& ! (onfli(t of !thoritie% on the e%tion !% to&hether or not the prob!te of ! &ill b!r% (rimin!l pro%e(tion of the !lle#e" for#er ofthe prob!te" &ill+ 2e h!e e'!mine" %ome import!nt (!%e% !n" h!e (ome to the(on(l%ion th!t no fi'e" %t!n"!r" m!* be !"opte" or "r!&n therefrom, in ie& of the(onfli(t no le%% th!n of "ier%it* of %t!ttor* proi%ion% obt!inin# in "ifferent

 5ri%"i(tion%+ It behooe% %, therefore, !% the (ort of l!%t re%ort, to (hoo%e th!t rlemo%t (on%i%tent &ith or %t!ttor* l!&, h!in# in ie& the nee"e" %t!bilit* of propert*ri#ht% !n" the pbli( intere%t in #ener!l+ o be %re, &e h!e %erio%l* refle(te" ponthe "!n#er% of e!%ion from pni%hment of (lprit% "e%erin# of the %eerit* of thel!& in (!%e% &here, !% here, for#er* i% "i%(oere" !fter the prob!te of the &ill !n" thepro%e(tion i% h!" before the pre%(ription of the offen%e+ 8* !n" l!r#e, ho&eer, theb!l!n(e %eem% in(line" in f!or of the ie& th!t &e h!e t!en+ Not onl* "oe% the l!&%rron" the e'e(tion of the &ill &ith the ne(e%%!r* form!litie% !n" reire prob!teto be m!"e !fter !n el!bor!te 5"i(i!l pro(ee"in#, bt %e(tion 11, not to %pe! of%e(tion 1, of or Co"e of Ciil Pro(e"re proi"e% for !n !"e!te reme"* to !n*p!rt* &ho mi#ht h!e been !"er%el* !ffe(te" b* the prob!te of ! for#e" &ill, m(h inthe %!me &!* !% other p!rtie% !#!in%t &hom ! 5"#ment i% ren"ere" n"er the %!meor %imil!r (ir(m%t!n(e%+ he !##riee" p!rt* m!* file !n !ppli(!tion for relief &iththe proper (ort &ithin ! re!%on!ble time, bt in no (!%e e'(ee"in# %i' month% !fter%!i" (ort h!% ren"ere" the 5"#ment of prob!te, on the #ron" of mi%t!e,

in!"erten(e, %rpri%e or e'(%!ble ne#le(t+ An !ppe!l lie% to reie& the !(tion of !(ort of fir%t in%t!n(e &hen th!t (ort ref%e% to #r!nt relief+ After ! 5"#ment!llo&in# ! &ill to be prob!te" h!% be(ome fin!l !n" n!ppe!l!ble , !n" !fter theperio" fi'e" b* %e(tion 11 of the Co"e of Ciil Pro(e"re h!% e'pire", the l!& !% !ne'pre%%ion of the le#i%l!tie &i%"om #oe% no frther !n" the (!%e en"% there+- herefore, th!t in ie& of the proi%ion% of %e(tion% 06, !n" 6 of or Co"eof Ciil Co"e Pro(e"re, (rimin!l !(tion &ill not lie in thi% 5ri%"i(tion !#!in%t the for#erof ! &ill &hi(h h!" been "l* !"mitte" to prob!te b* ! (ort of (ompetent 5ri%"i(tion+

 he petitioner i% entitle" to h!e the (rimin!l pro(ee"in#% !#!in%t him !%he"+

:& D!SALL-0ANC# -F 0!LLS

5ASC"AL 1 D#LA C".'9 SCA )'6

#4#S> 3ay 2H, 68(8NAT"#Appe!l from the CFI "e(i%ion !"mittin# to prob!te the prporte" &ill of C!t!lin! "e l!Cr?

FACTS-C!t!lin! "e l! Cr?, %in#le !n" &ithot !n* %riin# "e%(en"!nt or !%(en"!nt, "ie"+A petition for the prob!te of her !lle#e" &ill &!% file" b* An"re% P!%(!l, &ho &!%n!me" in the %!i" &ill !% e'e(tor !n" %ole heir of the "e(e"ent+-Pe"ro "el! Cr? !n" 6 other nephe&% !n" nie(e% of the l!te C!t!lin! "e l! Cr?(onte%te" the !li"it* of the &ill on the #ron"% th!t the form!litie% reire" b* l!&&ere not (omplie" &ith; th!t the te%t!tri' &!% ment!ll* in(!p!ble of "i%po%in# of herpropertie% b* &ill !t the time of it% e'e(tion; th!t the &ill &!% pro(re" b* n"e !n"improper pre%%re !n" inflen(e on the p!rt of the petitioner; !n" th!t the %i#n!tre

of the te%t!tri' &!% obt!ine" thro#h fr!"+

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SUCCESSION A2010 page 29

-prob!te (ort phel" the "e e'e(tion of the &ill !n" !ppointe" An"re% P!%(!l !%e'e(tor !n" !"mini%tr!tor of the e%t!te, !% proi"e" in the &ill, &ithot bon"+Oppo%itor% !ppe!le" to SC "ire(tl* /!le of propertie% inole" more th!n P00-Dela Cruz et al. claim:  lo&er (ort erre" in #iin# (re"en(e to the te%timonie% ofthe %b%(ribin# &itne%%e% !n" the not!r* th!t the &ill &!% "l* e'e(te",not&ith%t!n"in# the e'i%ten(e of in(on%i%ten(ie% !n" (ontr!"i(tion% in thete%timonie%, !n" in "i%re#!r"in# their ei"en(e th!t the &ill &!% not %i#ne" b* !ll the

&itne%%e% in the pre%en(e of one !nother-CFIH% re%pon%e !lle#e" (ontr!"i(tion% !n" in(on%i%ten(ie% &ere not %b%t!nti!l inn!tre %ffi(ient to "i%(re"it the entire te%timon* on the "e e'e(tion of the &ill+ Pl%l!p%e of = *e!r% from e'e(tion of the &ill to the te%timon* in (ort+ here i%n!nimit* !n" (ert!int* in their te%timon* re#!r"in# the i"entit* of the %i#n!tre% ofthe te%t!tri', the !tte%tin# &itne%%e%, !n" the Not!r* Pbli(, !n" the f!(t th!t the*&ere !ll pre%ent !t the time tho%e %i#n!tre% &ere !ffi'e" on the "o(ment

!SS"#S1+ 2ON the (ontr!"i(tion% !n" in(on%i%ten(ie% pointe" ot b* <el! Cr? &ere%b%t!nti!l !% to "i%(re"it the entire te%timon* of the %b%(ribin# &itne%%e%+ 2ON the e'e(tion of the &ill &!% t!inte" b* fr!" !n" n"e inflen(e

$#LD1+ NO+

Ratio. For the prpo%e of "eterminin# the "e e'e(tion of ! &ill, it i% not ne(e%%!r*th!t the in%trment!l &itne%%e% %hol" #ie !n !((r!te !n" "et!ile" !((ont of thepro(ee"in#, %(h !% re(!llin# the or"er of the %i#nin# of the "o(ment b* the %!i"&itne%%e%+ It i% %ffi(ient th!t the* h!e %een or !t le!%t &ere %o %it!te" !t themoment th!t the* (ol" h!e %een e!(h other %i#n, h!" the* &!nte" to "o %o+ QE%t!teof 8a%ellana %s. 8a%ellana9Reasoning.  he (ontr!"i(tion% !n" in(on%i%ten(ie% !ppe!rin# in the te%timonie% ofthe &itne%%e% !n" the not!r*, pointe" ot b* the oppo%itor%-!ppell!nt% /%(h !% the&e!ther (on"ition !t the time the &ill &!% e'e(te"; the %een(e of the %i#nin# b*the &itne%%e%; !n" the len#th of time it too to (omplete the !(t, rel!te tonimport!nt "et!il% of the impre%%ion% of the &itne%%e% !bot (ert!in "et!il% &hi(h(ol" h!e been !ffe(te" b* the l!p%e of time !n" the tre!(her* of hm!n memor*,!n" &hi(h in(on%i%ten(ie%, b* them%ele%, &ol" not !lter the prob!tie !le of theirte%timonie% on the "e e'e(tion of the &illIon argment that 5as%al was friends with the witnessesJ  the &ill &!%

e'e(te" &hen the te%t!tri' &!% !lre!"* = *e!r% ol" %fferin# from rhem!ti%m, it&!% liel* th!t %he h!% entr%te" the t!% of ree%tin# the %b%(ribin# &itne%%e% to&itne%% in the e'e(tion of the &ill to An"re% P!%(!l him%elf+ Altho#h the &itne%%e%h!" f!ile" to te%tif* th!t C!t!lin! !%e" them to &itne%% her te%t!ment /!fter = *e!r%,the error of re(!ll i% (on%on!nt &ith the &ell no&n !#!rie% of hm!n memor* !n"re(olle(tion, p!rti(l!rl* %in(e the m!in "et!il th!t m%t h!e %t( in hi% min"% i%th!t the* "i" &itne%% the %i#nin# of the &ill, pon &hi(h their !ttention m%t h!eprin(ip!ll* (on(entr!te"+ h!t the* "i" %o i% !tte%te" b* their %i#n!tre% !n" tho%e ofthe "e(e!%e" te%t!tri', &hi(h !re no&here imp#ne"; nor i% there !n* (l!im b*!ppell!nt% th!t the l!tter &!% in(!p!ble of re!"in# !n" n"er%t!n"in# the &ill th!t %he%i#ne"+ In f!(t, the ei"en(e i% th!t %he "i" re!" it before %i#nin#+ he !thoritie% !reto the effe(t th!t frien"l* rel!tion% of the &itne%%e% &ith the te%t!tor or thebenefi(i!rie% "o not !ffe(t the (re"ibilit* of the former,  %o th!t the proen frien"%hipbet&een the proponent !n" the in%trment!l &itne%%e% &ol" h!e no be!rin# on thel!tter$% !lifi(!tion to te%tif* on the (ir(m%t!n(e% %rron"in# the %i#nin# of the &ill+

-on the alleged ta+eIre%orded testimony of witness 3anel ;iong%ore%orded withot the latterKs nowledgeE wherein the latter was s++osed

to have stated that when he signed the will the other witnesses@ signatreswere already affixed, and were not then +resent, and that he ;iong%oEsigned the do%ment in 68*9 or 68*8J /1 no !"e!te proof th!t the "e(l!r!tion%t!pe re(or"e" &ere in f!(t m!"e b* )ion#(o !% he "enie" th!t f!(t n"er o!th, th!tthe t!pe re(or"in# &!% not %pporte" b* trl* imp!rti!l ei"en(e, !n" it &!% "one&ithot the no&le"#e of the &itne%%; / In the Not!ri!l >e#i%tr* of the not!r*, ther!tifi(!tion of the te%t!ment !ppe!r% !mon# the entrie% for 194, !% &ell !% in

(orre%pon"in# (opie% pro"(e" b* the Not!ri!l Se(tion of the Cler of CortH% offi(e/%o, !%%min# re#l!rit* in the perform!n(e of "t*, the "o(ment &!% in"ee"e'e(te" in 194, not in 19= or 199+

+NO+Ratio. o be %ffi(ient to !oi" ! &ill, the inflen(e e'erte" m%t be of ! in" th!t %ooerpo&er% !n" %b5#!te% the min" of the te%t!tor !% to "e%tro* hi% free !#en(* !n"m!e him e'pre%% the &ill of !nother r!ther th!n hi% o&n; th!t the (ontention th!t !&ill &!% obt!ine" b* n"e inflen(e or improper pre%%re (!nnot be %%t!ine" onmere (on5e(tre or %%pi(ion, !% it i% eno#h th!t there &!% opportnit* to e'er(i%en"e inflen(e, or ! po%%ibilit* th!t it m!* h!e been e'er(i%e"; th!t the e'er(i%e ofimproper pre%%re !n" n"e inflen(e m%t be %pporte" b* %b%t!nti!l ei"en(eth!t it &!% !(t!ll* e'er(i%e"; th!t the br"en i% on the per%on (h!llen#in# the &ill to%ho& th!t %(h inflen(e &!% e'erte" !t the time of it% e'e(tion; th!t mere #ener!l

or re!%on!ble inflen(e i% not %ffi(ient to in!li"!te ! &ill; nor i% mo"er!te !n"re!%on!ble %oli(it!tion !n" entre!t* !""re%%e" to the te%t!tor; or omi%%ion ofrel!tie%, not for(e" heir%, ei"en(e of n"e inflen(eReasoning.  Con%i"erin# th!t te%t!ri' (on%i"ere" proponent !% her o&n %on, to thee'tent th!t %he e'pre%%e" no ob5e(tion to hi% bein# m!"e the %ole heir of her %i%ter,Florentin! Cr?, in "ero#!tion of her o&n ri#ht%, &e fin" nothin# !bnorm!lin herin%tittin# proponent !l%o !% her o&n benefi(i!r*+Ion allegation that 5as%al boght a bilding s++osedly for the testatrixbt +la%ed the title in his name, and merely +ainted thereon the name of thetestatrix to mislead the de%easedJ if C!t!lin!H% min" &!% re!ll* %b5#!te" b*P!%(!l, then he h!" no nee" to re(or%e to the "e(eption !erre"+Ion the %hoi%e of witnessesJ the rhemeti%m of the te%t!ri' m!"e it "iffi(lt for herto loo for !ll the &itne%%e%+ h!t %he "i" not re%ort to rel!tie% or frien"% i%, lie&i%ee'pl!in!ble it &ol" h!e me!nt the "i%(lo%re of the term% of her &ill to tho%eintere%te" in her %((e%%ion bt &ho &ere not f!ore" b* her, thereb* e'po%in# her to

nple!%!nt importnit* !n" re(rimin!tion% th!t !n !#e" per%on &ol" n!tr!ll* %eeto !oi"+ he n!tr!l "e%ire to eep the m!in# of ! &ill %e(ret (!n, lie&i%e, !((ontfor the f!ilre to prob!te the te%t!ment "rin# her lifetime+Ion allegation that 5as%al +arti%i+ated in the exe%tion of the will,therefore, there is a +resm+tion of nde inflen%eJ !ltho#h the &ill &!%prep!re" b* the nephe& of P!%(!l, the pre%mption "oe% not !ri%e for in the norm!l(or%e of eent%, %!i" !ttorne* &ol" follo& the in%tr(tion% of the te%t!tri'; !n" !member of the b!r in #oo" %t!n"in# m!* not be (oni(te" of nprofe%%ion!l (on"(t,or of h!in# (on%pire" to f!l%if* ! %t!tement, e'(ept pon (le!r proof+

#4#SIBA#TT- v BA#TT-IDAT"19 SC>A =

>E3ES, )+8++; )!n!r* , 1967

NAT"#

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<ire(t !ppe!l from ! 5"#ment of CFI 8l!(!n "i%mi%%in# the (ompl!int of ir%o +>e*e% !n" or"erin# him to "elier to (i! .il!#ro% 8!rretto-<!t, the propertie%re(eie" b* hi% "e(e!%e" &ife n"er the term% of the &ill of the l!te 8ibi!no 8!rretto

FACTS- 8ibi!no 8!rretto &!% m!rrie" to .!ri! @er!r"o+ <rin# their lifetime the* !(ire" !!%t e%t!te, (on%i%tin# of re!l propertie% in .!nil!, P!mp!n#!, !n" 8l!(!n+ 2hen

8ibi!no "ie", he left hi% %h!re of the%e propertie% in ! &ill to Sald Barretto, motherof pl!intiff$% &!r"%, !n" L%ia 3ilagros Barretto !n" ! %m!ll portion !% le#!(ie% tohi% t&o %i%ter% osa and Felisa  !n" hi% ne+hews and nie%es+ :%fr(t &!%re%ere" for hi% &i"o&+ he &i"o& then prep!re" ! pro5e(t of p!rtition &hi(h %he%i#ne" in her o&n beh!lf, !n" !% #!r"i!n of the minor .il!#ro%+ hi% &!% !pproe" b*CFI .!nil!+ A% ! (on%een(e, S!l" 8!rretto too imme"i!te po%%e%%ion of her %h!re!n" %e(re" the (!n(ell!tion of the ori#in!l% !n" the i%%!n(e of ne& title% in her o&nn!me+- :pon the &i"o&H% "e!th, it &!% dis%overed that she had exe%ted two wills, inthe fir%t of &hi(h, %he in%titte" Sald and 3ilagros !% her heir%; !n", in the %e(on",%he reoe" the %!me !n" left !ll her propertie% in f!or of 3ilagros !lone+- h%, the l!ter &ill &!% !llo&e" !n" the fir%t re5e(te"+ In re5e(tin# the fir%t &illpre%ente" b* ir%o >e*e%, !% guardian o" the children o" Salud &arretto, the lo&er(ort hel" th!t Sald was not the daghter of the de%edent 3aria Gerardo byher hsband Bibiano Barretto+ SC !ffirme"+

- Pl!intiff then file" !n !(tion for the re(oer* of one-h!lf portion of propertie% left forthem n"er 8ibi!noH% &ill+ hi% !(tion !ffor"e" the "efen"!nt !n opportnit* to %et pher right of ownershi+, not onl* of the fi%hpon" n"er liti#!tion, bt of all theother +ro+erties willed and delivered to Sald, for bein# ! %prio% heir, !n" notentitle" to !n* %h!re in the e%t!te of 8ibi!no, thereb* dire%tly atta%ing thevalidity, not only of the +ro?e%t of +artition, bt of the de%ision of the %ortb!%e" thereon+- he "efen"!nt (onten"% th!t the 5ro?e%t of 5artition from whi%h Salda%ired the fish+ond in estion is void ab initio+- CFI then "e(l!re" the pro5e(t of p!rtition to be nll !n" oi" ab initio /not merel*oi"!ble be(!%e the "i%tribtee, S!l" 8!rretto, pre"e(e%%or of pl!intiff%, &!% not !"!#hter of the %po%e% 8ibi!no !n" .!ri!+ hi% &!% b!%e" on Arti(le 10=1 of the CiilCo"e of 1==9 “A partition in which a person was believe to be an heir!without being so! has been inclue! shall be null an voi."- CFI re5e(te" pl!intiffH% (ontention th!t %in(e 8ibi!no &!% free to "i%po%e of one-thir"

/1G of hi% e%t!te n"er the ol" Ciil Co"e, hi% &ill &!% !li" in f!or of S!l" to thee'tent, !t le!%t, of %(h free p!rt+ An" it (on(l"e" th!t, !% "efen"!nt .il!#ro% &!%the onl* tre heir of 8ibi!no 8!rretto, %he &!% entitle" to re(oer from S!l", !n"from the l!tter$% (hil"ren !n" %((e%%or%, !ll the Propertie% re(eie" b* her from8ibi!no$% e%t!te, in ie& of the proi%ion% of Art 146 of the ne& Ciil Co"ee%t!bli%hin# th!t +ro+erty a%ired by frad or mistae is held by its a%irerin im+lied trst for the real owner+ !SS"#1+ 2ON the p!rtition bet&een S!l" !n" .il!#ro% in the pro(ee"in#% for the%ettlement of the e%t!te of 8ibi!no /"l* !pproe" b* CFI .!nil! i% oi"+ 2ON there &!% preterition

$#LD1+ NO

Ratio At !n* r!te, in"epen"entl* of ! pro5e(t of p!rtition &hi(h, !% it% o&n n!meimplie%, i% merel* ! propo%!l for "i%tribtion of the e%t!te, th!t the (ort m!* !((ept

or re5e(t, it is the %ort alone that maes the distribtion of the estate anddetermines the +ersons entitled thereto and the +arts to whi%h ea%h isentitled and it is that $udicial decree o" distribution once "inal that %ests title in thedistributees+ If the "e(ree &!% erroneo% or not in (onformit* &ith l!& or thete%t!ment, the %!me %hol" h!e been (orre(te" b* opportne !ppe!l; bt on(e ith!" be(ome fin!l, it% bin"in# effe(t i% lie th!t of !n* other 5"#ment in rem , nle%%properl* %et !%i"e for la% of ?risdi%tion or frad+

Reasoning  he !#reement of p!rtition &!% not only ratified by the %ort@sde%ree of distribtion, bt a%tally %onsmmated, %o m(h %o th!t the title% inthe n!me of the "e(e!%e" &ere (!n(elle", !n" ne& (ertifi(!te% i%%e" in f!or of theheir%, lon# before the "e(ree &!% !tt!(e"+ In f!(t, een &ithot the pro5e(t ofp!rtition, the "i%tribtion (ol" %t!n", %in(e it &!% in (onformit* &ith the prob!te" &illof 8ibi!no, !#!in%t the proi%ion% &hereof no ob5e(tion h!" been m!"e+- he onl* in%t!n(e th!t &e (!n thin of in &hi(h ! p!rt* intere%te" in ! prob!tepro(ee"in# m!* h!e ! fin!l lii"!tion %et !%i"e i% when he is left ot by reasonof %ir%mstan%es beyond his %ontrol or throgh mistae or inadverten%e notim+table to negligen%e+ Een then, the better pr!(ti(e to %e(re relief i%reopenin# of the %!me (!%e by proper motion within the reglementary period, in%te!"of !n in"epen"ent !(tion the effe(t of &hi(h, if %((e%%fl, &ol" be, for !nother (ortor 5"#e to thro& ot ! "e(i%ion or or"er !lre!"* fin!l !n" e'e(te" !n" re%hfflepropertie% lon# !#o "i%tribte" !n" "i%po%e" of+- Art+ 10=1 h!% been mi%!pplie"+ S!l" !"mitte"l* h!" been in%titte" heir in the l!te

8ibi!no 8!rretto$% l!%t &ill !n" te%t!ment to#ether &ith "efen"!nt .il!#ro%; hen(e,the p!rtition h!" bet&een them (ol" not be one %(h h!" &ith ! p!rt* &ho &!%beliee" to be !n heir &ithot re!ll* bein# one, !n" &!% not nll !n" oi" n"er %!i"!rti(le+ he le#!l pre(ept /Arti(le 10=1 "oe% not %pe! of (hil"ren, or "e%(en"!nt%,bt of heirs  /&ithot "i%tin(tion bet&een for(e", olnt!r* or inte%t!te one%, !n" thefa%t that Sald ha++ened not to be a daghter of the testator does not+re%lde her being one of the heirs ex+ressly named in his testament; for8ibi!no &!% !t libert* to !%%i#n the free portion of hi% e%t!te to &hom%oeer he (ho%e+2hile the %h!re !%%i#ne" to S!l" impin#e" on .il!#ro%H le#itime, S!l" "i" not forth!t re!%on (e!%e to be ! te%t!ment!r* heir of 8ibi!no+

+ NOReasoning he f!(t th!t .il!#ro% &!% !llotte" in her f!ther$% &ill ! %h!re %m!ller th!nher le#itime "oe% not in!li"!te the in%tittion of S!l" !% heir+ here &!% no

 preterition, or total ommission of a for%ed heir+ For thi% re!%on, 1eri %s. Akutin i%

not !t !ll !ppli(!ble, th!t (!%e inolin# !n in%t!n(e of preterition or omi%%ion of(hil"ren of the te%t!tor$% former m!rri!#e+

A;#- v CA SANDE6 SC>A 4==

P:NO; September 1, 1994

NAT"#Petition for reie& on (ertior!ri of the "e(i%ion of the CA

FACTS-he holo#r!phi( &ill of the l!te Annie S!n", &ho "ie" on Noember , 19=, &!%%bmitte" for prob!te b* the petitioner% A5ero-N!me" !% "ei%ee%, &ere the follo&in# petitioner% >oberto !n" helm! A5ero, pri!te

re%pon"ent Clemente S!n", .eri!m S+ Aron#, e!h S!n", ili! S!n", E"#!r S!n", FeS!n", i%! S+ S!n", !n" <r+ )o%e A5ero, Sr+, !n" their (hil"ren+

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-Pri!te re%pon"ent oppo%e" the petition on the #ron"% th!t neither the te%t!ment$%bo"* nor the %i#n!tre therein &!% in "e(e"ent$% h!n"&ritin#; it (ont!ine" !lter!tion%!n" (orre(tion% &hi(h &ere not "l* %i#ne" b* "e(e"ent; !n", the &ill &!% pro(re"b* petitioner% thro#h improper pre%%re !n" n"e inflen(e+-C !"mitte" the "e(e"ent$% holo#r!phi( &ill to prob!te+-On !ppe!l, %!i" "e(i%ion &!% reer%e", !n" the petition for prob!te of "e(e"ent$% &ill&!% "i%mi%%e"+ he Cort of Appe!l% fon" th!t, Dthe holo#r!phi( &ill f!il% to meet the

reirement% for it% !li"it*+D It hel" th!t the "e(e"ent "i" not (ompl* &ith Arti(le%=14 !n" =14 of the Ne& Ciil Co"e+ It !ll"e" to (ert!in "i%po%ition% in the &ill &hi(h&ere either n%i#ne" !n" n"!te", or %i#ne" bt not "!te"+ It !l%o fon" th!t theer!%re%, !lter!tion% !n" (!n(ell!tion% m!"e thereon h!" not been !thenti(!te" b*"e(e"ent+

!SS"#2ON the holo#r!phi( &ill %hol" be "i%!llo&e"

$#LDNo+Se( 96, >le 76 of the >le% of Cort, !n" Arti(le =9 7 of the Ne& Ciil Co"e !re the!ppli(!ble proi%ion% &ith re#!r" to "i%!llo&!n(e of &ill%+-he%e li%t% !re e'(l%ie; no other #ron"% (!n %ere to "i%!llo& ! &ill+-h%, in ! petition to !"mit ! holo#r!phi( &ill to prob!te, the onl* i%%e% to be

re%ole" !re /1 &hether the in%trment %bmitte" i%, in"ee", the "e(e"ent$% l!%t &ill!n" te%t!ment; / &hether %!i" &ill &!% e'e(te" in !((or"!n(e &ith the form!litie%pre%(ribe" b* l!&; / &hether the "e(e"ent h!" the ne(e%%!r* te%t!ment!r* (!p!(it*!t the time the &ill &!% e'e(te"; !n", /4 &hether the e'e(tion of the &ill !n" it%%i#nin# &ere the olnt!r* !(t% of the "e(e"ent+->e%pon"ent (ortH% reli!n(e on f!ilre of the "e(e"ent to (ompl* &ith Art%+ =1 !n"=14 to "i%!llo& the &ill i% erroneo%+-In Abangan %s+ Abangan, it &!% hel" th!the ob5e(t of the %olemnitie% %rron"in#the e'e(tion of &ill% i% to (lo%e the "oor !#!in%t b!" f!ith !n" fr!", to !oi"%b%tittion of &ill% !n" te%t!ment% !n" to #!r!ntee their trth !n" !thenti(it*+ 8t,on the other h!n", one m%t not lo%e %i#ht of the f!(t th!t it i% not the ob5e(t of thel!& to re%tr!in !n" (rt!il the e'er(i%e of the ri#ht to m!e ! &ill+ So &hen !n

4 Art+ =1 2hen ! nmber of "i%po%ition% !ppe!rin# in ! holo#r!phi( &ill !re %i#ne" &ithot bein# "!te", !n" the

l!%t "i%po%ition h!% ! %i#n!tre !n" "!te, %(h "!te !li"!te% the "i%po%ition% pre(e"in# it, &h!teer be the time of

prior "i%po%ition%+5 Art+ =14 In (!%e of in%ertion, (!n(ell!tion, er!%re or !lter!tion in ! holo#r!phi( &ill, the te%t!tor m%t

!thenti(!te the %!me b* hi% fll %i#n!tre+6 Se(tion 9, >le 76 of the >le% of Cort proi"e% th!t &ill %h!ll be "i%!llo&e" in !n* of the follo&in# (!%e%

/! If not e'e(te" !n" !tte%te" !% reire" b* l!&;/b If the te%t!tor &!% in%!ne, or other&i%e ment!ll* in(!p!ble to m!e ! &ill, !t the time of it% e'e(tion;/( If it &!% e'e(te" n"er "re%%, or the inflen(e of fe!r, or thre!t%;/" If it &!% pro(re" b* n"e !n" improper pre%%re !n" inflen(e, on the p!rt of the benefi(i!r*, or of %omeother per%on for hi% benefit;/e If the %i#n!tre of the te%t!tor &!% pro(re" b* fr!" or tri(, !n" he "i" not inten" th!t the in%trment %hol"be hi% &ill !t the time of fi'in# hi% %i#n!tre thereto+7 Art+ =9 he &ill %h!ll be "i%!llo&e" in !n* of the follo&in# (!%e%;

/1 If the form!litie% reire" b* l!& h!e not been (omplie" &ith;/ If the te%t!tor &!% in%!ne, or other&i%e ment!ll* in(!p!ble of m!in# ! &ill, !t the time of it% e'e(tion;/ If it &!% e'e(te" thro#h for(e or n"er "re%%, or the inflen(e of fe!r, or thre!t%;/4 If it &!% pro(re" b* n"e !n" improper pre%%re !n" inflen(e, on the p!rt of the benefi(i!r* or of %omeother per%on;

/ If the %i#n!tre of the te%t!tor &!% pro(re" b* fr!";/6 If the te%t!tor !(te" b* mi%t!e or "i" not inten" th!t the in%trment he %i#ne" %hol" be hi% &ill !t the time of!ffi'in# hi% %i#n!tre thereto+

interpret!tion !lre!"* #ien !%%re% %(h en"%, !n* other interpret!tion &h!t%oeer,th!t !""% nothin# bt "em!n"% more rei%ite% entirel* nne(e%%!r*, %ele%% !n"fr%tr!tie of the te%t!tor$% l!%t &ill, m%t be "i%re#!r"e"+-In the (!%e of holo#r!phi( &ill%, &h!t !%%re% !thenti(it* i% the reirement th!tthe* be tot!ll* !to#r!phi( or h!n"&ritten b* the te%t!tor him%elf, !% proi"e" n"erArti(le =10= of the Ne& Ciil Co"e-F!ilre to %tri(tl* ob%ere other form!litie% &ill not re%lt in the "i%!llo&!n(e of !

holo#r!phi( &ill th!t i% ne%tion!bl* h!n"&ritten b* the te%t!tor+-A re!"in# of Arti(le =1 of the Ne& Ciil Co"e %ho&% th!t it% reirement !ffe(t% the!li"it* of the "i%po%ition% (ont!ine" in the holo#r!phi( &ill, bt not it% prob!te+ If thete%t!tor f!il% to %i#n !n" "!te %ome of the "i%po%ition%, the re%lt i% th!t the%e"i%po%ition% (!nnot be effe(t!te"+ S(h f!ilre, ho&eer, "oe% not ren"er the &holete%t!ment oi"+-ie&i%e, ! holo#r!phi( &ill (!n %till be !"mitte" to prob!te, not&ith%t!n"in# non-(ompli!n(e &ith the proi%ion% of Arti(le =14+ In the (!%e of :alaw %s+ )elo%a 1SC>A 7 4 /19=4, thi% Cort hel"Or"in!ril*, &hen ! nmber of er!%re%, (orre(tion%, !n" interline!tion% m!"e b* thete%t!tor in ! holo#r!phi( &ill h!e not been note" n"er hi% %i#n!tre, + + + the &ill i%not thereb* in!li"!te" !% ! &hole, bt !t mo%t onl* !% re%pe(t% the p!rti(l!r &or"%er!%e", (orre(te" or interline"+

:!& !NST!T"T!-N -F 0!LLS

A"ST!A v #4#S1 SC>A 74

CAS>O; Febr!r* 7, 1970

FACTS-8!%ili! A%tri! "!+ "e Cr? file" &ith the CFI ! petition for prob!te, !nte mortem, ofher l!%t &ill !n" te%t!ment+ he prob!te &!% oppo%e" b* her nephe&% !n" nie(e%+-he bl of the e%t!te of 8!%ili!, !"mitte"l*, &!% "e%tine" n"er the &ill to p!%% on totho%e &ho h!" been assmed and de%lared by Basilia as her own legallyado+ted %hildren+-8!%ili! "ie" *e!r% l!ter+-In the %!me pro(ee"in#%, the nie(e% !n" nephe&% file" ! petition in interention forp!rtition !lle#in# in %b%t!n(e th!t the* !re the ne!re%t of in of 8!%ili!, !n" th!t the

!"opte" (hil"ren h!" not in f!(t been !"opte" b* the "e(e"ent in !((or"!n(e &ithl!&, in effe(t ren"erin# the%e re%pon"ent% mere %tr!n#er% to the "e(e"ent !n"&ithot !n* ri#ht to %((ee" !% heir%+-he lo&er (ort rle" in f!or of the !"opte" (hil"ren, "elimitin# the interention ofthe nie(e% !n" nephe&% to the propertie% of the "e(e!%e" &hi(h &ere not dis+osedof  in the &ill+ he%e nie(e% !n" nephe&% &ent to SC+-he nephe&% !n" nie(e in%i%t th!t the entire e%t!te %hol" "e%(en" to them b*inte%t!(* b* re!%on of the intrin%i( nllit* of the in%tittion of heir% embo"ie" in the"e(e"ent$% &ill+

!SS"#2ON %(h in%tittion of heir% &ol" ret!in effi(!(* in the eent there e'i%t% proof th!tthe !"option of the %!me heir% b* the "e(e"ent i% f!l%e

8

 A per%on m!* e'e(te ! holo#r!phi( &ill &hi(h m%t be entirel* &ritten, "!te", !n" %i#ne" b* the h!n" of thete%t!tor him%elf+ (t is sub$ect to no other "orm, !n" m!* be m!"e in or ot of the Philippine%, !n" nee" not be&itne%%e"+

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$#LD 4#S& Arti(le =0 of the Ciil Co"e re!"%#The statement o" a "alse cause "or the institution o" an heir shall be considered as notwritten unless it appears "rom the will that the testator would not ha%e made suchinstitution i" he had known the "alsity o" such cause.#-Comin# (lo%er to the (enter of the (ontroer%*, the nie(e% !n" nephe&% h!e (!lle"

the !ttention of thi% Cort to the follo&in# pertinent portion% of the &ill of the"e(e!%e" &hi(h re(ite#Ang aking mga sapilitang tagapagmana ;herederos "orzosos< ay ang aking itinuturingna mga anak na tunay ;i$os legalmente adoptados< na sina 5er"ecto Alberto =uz&enita at (sagani na pawang may apelyidong Cruz.-8efore the in%tittion of heir% m!* be !nnlle" n"er !rti(le =0 of the Ciil Co"e, thefollo&in# rei%ite% m%t (on(r Fir%t, the (!%e for the in%tittion of heir% m%t be%t!te" in the &ill; %e(on", the (!%e m%t be %ho&n to be f!l%e; !n" thir", it m%t!ppe!r from the f!(e of the &ill th!t the te%t!tor &ol" not h!e m!"e %(h in%tittionif he h!" no&n the f!l%it* of the (!%e+-he nie(e% !n" nephe&% &ol" h!e the SC impl*, from the %e of the term%,#sapilitang tagapagmana# /(ompl%or* heir% !n" #sapilitang mana#  /le#itime, th!tthe impellin# re!%on or (!%e for the in%tittion of the re%pon"ent% &!% the te%t!tri'$%belief th!t n"er the l!& %he (ol" not "o other&i%e+ If thi% &ere in"ee" &h!tprompte" the te%t!tri' in in%tittin# the re%pon"ent%, %he "i" not m!e it no&n in her

&ill+ Srel* if %he &!% !&!re th!t %((e%%ion to the le#itime t!e% pl!(e b* oper!tionof l!&, in"epen"ent of her o&n &i%he%, %he &ol" not h!e fon" it (onenient ton!me her %ppo%e" (ompl%or* heir% to their le#itime%+ Ber e'pre%% !"option of therle% on le#itime% %hol" er* &ell in"i(!te her (omplete !#reement &ith th!t%t!ttor* %(heme+ 8t een thi%, lie the nephe&% !n" nie(e%$ o&n propo%ition, i%hi#hl* %pe(l!tie of &h!t &!% in the min" of the te%t!tri' &hen %he e'e(te" her &ill+One f!(t pre!il%, ho&eer, !n" it i% th!t the de%edent@s will does not state in as+e%ifi% or neivo%al manner the %ase for s%h instittion of heirs& 0e%annot annl the same on the basis of gesswor or n%ertain im+li%ations&-Arti(le =0 of the Ciil Co"e, ote" !boe, i% ! po%itie in5n(tion to i#nore &h!teerf!l%e (!%e the te%t!tor m!* h!e &ritten in hi% &ill for the in%tittion of heir%+ S(hin%tittion m!* be !nnlle" onl* &hen one i% %!ti%fie", !fter !n e'!min!tion of the&ill, th!t the te%t!tor (le!rl* &ol" not h!e m!"e the in%tittion if he h!" no&n the(!%e for it to be f!l%e+ No&, &ol" the l!te 8!%ili! h!e (!%e" the reo(!tion of thein%tittion of heir% if %he h!" no&n th!t %he &!% mi%t!en in tre!tin# the%e heir% !%

her le#!ll* !"opte" (hil"renJ Or &ol" %he h!e in%titte" them nonethele%%J SC %!i"the &ill i% mte on thi% point+ herefore, the &ill &!% phel" be(!%e of thi%(on%tr(tion e%t!(* i% f!ore" !n" "obt% !re re%ole" on it% %i"e+ Al%o, the le#!lit*of the !"option (!n be !%%!ile" onl* in ! %ep!r!te !(tion bro#ht for th!t prpo%e, !n"(!nnot be the %b5e(t of ! (oll!ter!l !tt!(+

:!!& S"BST!T"T!-N -F $#!S

5C!B v #SC-L!N6 SC>A 66

8A>>E<O; .!r(h 9, 1974

<ISCAI.E>+ he%e !re the f!(t%, i%%e, !n" rlin# pertinent to or topi(+ hi% (!%e, !%

!"mitte" b* )+ 8!rre"o i% n%!ll* e'ten%ie be(!%e of the 7= !%%i#nment% of errorre#!r"in# 0 %ep!r!te or"er% of the lo&er (ort+ Bopefll*, hin"i ito !%!m! %!

ei"en(e otline /m!* %tff !bot admissions by a party related to the e""ects o""oreign laws which ha%e to be pro%en in our courts like any other contro%erted "actcreate estoppels+T 8&!h!h!h!W

FACTS- he %po%e% Bo"#e% !re Ameri(!n (iti?en% liin# in the Philippine%+- innie )!ne Bo"#e%H &ill (ont!ine"

''' X I #ie, "ei%e !n" bee!th !ll of the re%t, re%i"e !n" rem!in"er Q!fterp!*ment of "ebt%, t!'e%, !n" fner!l e'pen%e%Y of m* e%t!te, both per%on!l !n" re!l,&hereer %it!te", or lo(!te", to m* beloe" h%b!n", Ch!rle% Ne&ton Bo"#e%, toh!e !n" to hol" nto him, m* %!i" h%b!n", "rin# hi% n!tr!l lifetime+ '''At the "e!th of m* %!i" h%b!n", Ch!rle% Ne&ton Bo"#e%, I #ie, "ei%e !n" bee!th!ll of the re%t, re%i"e !n" rem!in"er of m* e%t!te, both re!l !n" per%on!l, &hereer%it!te" or lo(!te", to be e!ll* "ii"e" !mon# m* brother% !n" %i%ter%, %h!re !n"%h!re !lie X '''- Ch!rle% Ne&ton Bo"#e%H &ill &!% prett* m(h the %!me, in(l"in# the p!rt !bot.r%+ Bo"#e%H brother% !n" %i%ter%+ /A&X he loe% herX- .r%+ "ie" *r%+ before .r+ 8oth "ie" in the Philippine%+ E!(h e%t!te h!" it% o&n!"mini%tr!tor+

!SS"#2ON there &!% fi"ei(ommi%!r* %b%tittion+

$#LDN-& .r%+ Bo"#e% %imlt!neo%l* in%titte" her brother% !n" %i%ter% !% (o-heir% &ithher h%b!n", &ith the (on"ition, ho&eer, th!t the l!tter &ol" h!e (omplete ri#ht%of "ominion oer the &hole e%t!te "rin# hi% lifetime !n" &h!t &ol" #o to the former&ol" be onl* the rem!in"er thereof !t the time of .r+ Bo"#e%$ "e!th+ In other &or"%,&here!% the* !re not to inherit onl* in (!%e of "ef!lt of Bo"#e%, on the other h!n",Bo"#e% &!% not obli#e" to pre%ere !n*thin# for them+ Cle!rl* then, the e%%enti!lelement% of te%t!ment!r* %b%tittion !re !b%ent; the proi%ion in e%tion i% ! %imple(!%e of (on"ition!l %imlt!neo% in%tittion of heir%, &hereb* the in%tittion of Bo"#e%i% %b5e(t to ! p!rti!l re%oltor* (on"ition the oper!tie (ontin#en(* of &hi(h i%(oin(i"ent!l &ith th!t of the %%pen%ie (on"ition of the in%tittion of hi% brother% !n"%i%ter%-in-l!&, &hi(h m!nner of in%tittion i% not prohibite" b* l!&+

T 8!%i(!ll*, &h!t the (!%e &!% !ll !bot i% &hether there &!% !n* p!rt of .r%+ Bo"#e%

e%t!te left th!t "i"nHt p!%% on to .r+ Bo"#e% thr %((e%%ion+ It &!% rle" th!t meronn#! n!tir!n# e%t!te ni .r%+ Bo#"e% /forei#n l!& i%%e+

ESSON+ .!%!it %! lo m!m!t!* n# m!*!m!n !t m!#-i&!n n# m!#lon# &ill+ Ofine, m!h!l nil! !n# i%!Ht i%!+

5ALAC!-S v A3!#.00 SC>A 00

A8A< SANOS; Febr!r* 1, 19=

FACTS he m!in i%%e in thi% !ppe!l i% the m!nner of p!rtitionin# the te%t!te e%t!te of )o%eE#enio >!mire? !mon# the prin(ip!l benefi(i!rie%, n!mel* hi% &i"o& .!r(elle

<emoron "e >!mire?; hi% t&o #r!n"nephe&% >oberto !n" )or#e >!mire?; !n" hi%(omp!nion 2!n"! "e 2roble%i+ he t!% i% not troble-free be(!%e the &i"o&

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.!r(elle i% ! Fren(h &ho lie% in P!ri%, &hile the (omp!nion 2!n"! i% !n A%tri!n &holie% in Sp!in+ .oreoer, the te%t!tor proi"e" for %b%tittion%+

 )o%e E#enio >!mire?, ! Filipino n!tion!l, "ie" in Sp!in on <e(ember 11, 1964, &ithonl* hi% &i"o& !% (ompl%or* heir+ Bi% &ill &!% !"mitte" to prob!te b* the Cort ofFir%t In%t!n(e of .!nil!, 8r!n(h , on )l* 7, 196+ .!ri! i%! P!l!(io% &!%!ppointe" !"mini%tr!tri' of the e%t!te+ In "e time %he %bmitte" !n inentor* of thee%t!te+

On )ne , 1966, the !"mini%tr!tri' %bmitte" ! pro5e(t of p!rtition !% follo&% thepropert* of the "e(e!%e" i% to be "ii"e" into t&o p!rt%+ One p!rt %h!ll #o to the&i"o& $en pleno "ominioD in %!ti%f!(tion of her le#itime; the other p!rt or DfreeportionD %h!ll #o to )or#e !n" >oberto >!mire? Den n"! proprie"!"+D Frthermore, 1Gof the free portion i% (h!r#e" &ith the &i"o&$% %fr(t !n" the rem!inin# G &ith !%fr(t in f!or of 2!n"!+One of the #ron"% (ite" b* )or#e !n" >oberto for oppo%in# the pro5e(t of p!rtition i%th!t the proi%ion% for fi"ei(ommi%%!r* %b%tittion% !re !l%o in!li" be(!%e the fir%their% !re not rel!te" to the %e(on" heir% or %b%titte% &ithin the fir%t "e#ree, !%proi"e" in Arti(le =6 of the Ciil Co"e+ he lo&er (ort, ho&eer, !pproe" thepro5e(t of p!rtition+

!SS"#2ON the %b%tittion in it% fi"ei(ommi%%!r* !%pe(t i% oi"

$#LD 3ES+ he %b%titte% /)!n P!blo )!no&%i !n" Bor!(e V+ >!mire? !re not rel!te" to2!n"!, the heir ori#in!ll* in%titte"+ Art+ =6 of the Ciil Co"e !li"!te% !fi"ei(ommi%%!r* %b%tittion Dproi"e" %(h %b%tittion "oe% not #o be*on" one"e#ree from the heir ori#in!ll* in%titte"+D2h!t i% me!nt b* Done "e#reeD from the fir%t heir i% e'pl!ine" b* olentino !% follo&%S(!eol! .!r!, !n" r!ie%!% (on%tre D"e#reeD !% "e%i#n!tion, %b%tittion, ortr!n%mi%%ion+ he Spreme Cort of Sp!in h!% "e(i"e"l* !"opte" thi% (on%tr(tion+From thi% point of ie&, there (!n be onl* one tr!nmi%%ion or %b%tittion, !n" the%b%titte nee" not be rel!te" to the fir%t heir+ .!nre%!, .orell !n" S!n(he? >om!n,ho&eer, (on%tre the &or" D"e#reeD !% #ener!tion, !n" the pre%ent Co"e h!%obio%l* follo&e" thi% interpret!tion+ b* proi"in# th!t the %b%tittion %h!ll not #obe*on" one "e#ree Dfrom the heir ori#in!ll* in%titte"+D he Co"e th% (le!rl*in"i(!te% th!t the %e(on" heir m%t be rel!te" to !n" be one #ener!tion from the fir%their+

From thi%, it follo&% th!t the fi"ei(ommi%%!r* (!n onl* be either ! (hil" or ! p!rent ofthe fir%t heir+ he%e !re the onl* rel!tie% &ho !re one #ener!tion or "e#ree from thefi"(i!r*Frther, there i% no !b%olte "t* impo%e" on 2!n"! to tr!n%mit the %fr(t to the%b%titte% !% reire" b* Art%+ =6 !n" =67 of the Ciil Co"e+ In f!(t, the !ppellee!"mit% Dth!t the te%t!tor (ontr!"i(t% the e%t!bli%hment of ! fi"ei(ommi%%!r*%b%tittion &hen he permit% the propertie% %b5e(t of the %fr(t to be %ol" ponmt!l !#reement of the %fr(t!rie% !n" the n!e" o&ner%+D

D# 5##. v GATC$!T-#NA4 Phil 41

>O.:A<EK> Febr!r* 1, 190NAT"#Appe!l

FACTS

- An! .!ri! Al(!nt!r! /"e(e!%e" left P1,4=+= on "epo%it in the C!rmen$% n!me&ith the !%%o(i!tion no&n !% =a ?rbana in .!nil!, !% the fin!l p!*ment of herlii"!te" (re"it !#!in%t An"re% @!r(hitoren!, !l%o "e(e!%e", repre%ente" b* hi% %on,.!ri!no+- .!ri!no @!r(hitoren! hel" ! 5"#ment for P7,=7+ !#!in%t )o!in, h%b!n" ofC!rmen+ he %heriff pr%!nt to the &rit of e'e(tion i%%e" in %!i" 5"#ment leie"!n !tt!(hment on %!i" !mont "epo%ite" &ith =a ?rbana.

- C!rmen %e(re" ! prelimin!r* in5n(tion re%tr!inin# the e'e(tion of %!i" 5"#menton the %m %o !tt!(he" be(!%e the =a ?rbana "epo%it belon#% to her (hil"ren !%fi"ei(ommi%%!r* heir% of An! .!ri! Al(!nt!r!+-Pertinent (l!%e% of the 2ill

@1inth. !!! so that upon my death and a"ter probate o" this will and a"terthe report o" the committee on claims and appraisal has been rendered andappro%ed she will recei%e "rom my e!ecutri! and properties composing my hereditaryestate that she may en$oy them with od's blessing and my own.

Tenth. Should my heiress Carmen architorena die ( order that my wholeestate shall pass unimpaired to her sur%i%ing children> and should any o" these diehis share shall ser%e to increase the portions o" his sur%i%ing brothers ;and sisters< byaccretion in such wise that my estate shall ne%er pass out o" the hands o" my heiressor her children in so "ar as it is legally possible.

Ele%enth. Should my a"oresaid heiress Carmen architorena die a"ter mewhile her children are still in their minority ( order that my estate be administered by

my e!ecutri! Mrs. 8ose"a =aplana and in her de"ault by Attorney )amon Salinas andin his de"ault by his son )amon Salinas> !!!.B-he !ppell!nt% (onten" th!t in the%e (l!%e% the te%t!tri' h!% or"ere" ! %imple%b%tittion, &hile the !ppellee (onten"% th!t it i% ! fi"ei(ommi%%!r* %b%tittion+

!SS"#2ON ! fi"ei(ommi%%!r* e'i%t%

$#LD 3ES+ he rei%ite% for ! fi"ei(ommi%%!r* %b%tittion e'i%t%, n!mel*1+ At fir%t heir prim!ril* (!lle" to the en5o*ment of the e%t!te+ In thi% (!%e the pl!intiff&!% in%titte" !n heire%%, (!lle" to the en5o*ment of the e%t!te, !((or"in# to (l!%e Iof the &ill++ An obli#!tion (le!rl* impo%e" pon the heir to pre%ere !n" tr!n%mit to ! thir"per%on the &hole or ! p!rt of the e%t!te+ S(h !n obli#!tion i% impo%e" in (l!%e

&hi(h proi"e% th!t the D&hole e%t!te %h!ll p!%% nimp!ire" to her /heire%%$%%riin# (hil"ren;D th%, in%te!" of le!in# the heire%% !t libert* to "i%po%e of thee%t!te b* &ill, or of le!in# the l!& to t!e it% (or%e in (!%e %he "ie% inte%t!te, %!i"(l!%e not onl* "i%po%e% of the e%t!te in f!or of the heire%% in%titte", bt !l%oproi"e% for the "i%po%ition thereof in (!%e %he %hol" "ie !fter the te%t!tri'++ A %e(on" heir+ S(h !re the (hil"ren of the heire%% in%titte", &ho !re referre" to !%%(h %e(on" heir% both in (l!%e !n" in (l!%e I+4+ he fi"ei(ommi%%!ri% be entitle" to the e%t!te from the time the te%t!tor "ie%,%in(e he i% to inherit from the l!tter !n" not from the fi"(i!r*+ he (hil"ren in thi%(!%e !re the o&ner% of the inherit!n(e b* irte of the te%t!tri'H% "e!th+ /F, the"epo%it (!nnot be the %b5e(t of e'e(tion b* @!r(hitoren! !% it "oe%nHt belon# toC!rmen+Reasoning,-hi% &ill (ert!inl* proi"e% for ! %b%tittion of heir% bt not 5%t ! %imple one(on%i"erin# th!t (l!%e I in (onne(tion &ith (l!%e proi"e% for ! %b%tittion

&here the heire%% in%titte" "ie% a"ter the te%t!tri'+-Cl!%e "oe%nHt (onfli(t &ith the i"e! of fi"ei(ommi%!r*

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SUCCESSION A2010 page 34

 he &or" sole "oe% not ne(e%%!ril* e'(l"e the i"e! of substitute heir%; !n"t!in# the%e three (l!%e% to#ether, %(h &or" me!n% th!t the pl!intiff i% the %oleheire%% instituted in the "irst instance+

 he te%t!tri' h!" in min" ! fi"ei(ommi%%!r* %b%tittion, %in(e %he limit% thetr!n%mi%%ion of her e%t!te to the (hil"ren of the heire%% in !((or"!n(e &ith the limit%fi'e" b* A 7=1 CC &hi(h pre%(ribe" th!t fi"ei(ommi%%!r* %b%tittion% %h!ll be !li"Dproi"e" the* "o not #o be*on" the %e(on" "e#ree+D

Another in"i(!tion of fi"ei(ommi%%!r* %b%tittion i% thi% (l!%e proi"e% th!tthe whole e%t!te %h!ll p!%% nimp!ire" to the heire%%$% (hil"ren, th!t i% to %!* theheire%% i% reire" to pre%ere the &hole e%t!te, &ithot "imintion, in or"er to p!%% iton in "e time to the fi"ei(ommi%%!r* heir%+

- he "i%po%ition (ont!ine" in (l!%e I i% not in(omp!tible &ith ! fi"ei(ommi%%!r*%b%tittion ;it certainly is incompatible with the idea o" simple substitution wherethe heiress instituted does not recei%e the inheritance<,

In f!(t the en5o*ment of the inherit!n(e i% in (onformit* &ith the i"e! offi"ei(ommi%%!r* %b%tittion, b* irte of &hi(h the heir in%titte" re(eie% theinherit!n(e !n" en5o*% it, !ltho#h !t the %!me time he pre%ere% it in or"er to p!%% iton the %e(on" heir+  It %hol" !l%o be note" th!t %!i" (l!%e I e%t% in the heire%% onl* the ri#htto en5o* bt not the ri#ht to "i%po%e of the e%t!te+ It %!*%, %he m!* en5o* it, bt "oe%not %!* %he m!* "i%po%e of it+ hi% i% !n in"i(!tion of the %fr(t inherent in

fi"ei(ommi%%!r* %b%tittion+-Cl!%e I more (le!rl* in"i(!te% the i"e! of fi"ei(ommi%%!r* %b%tittion, &hen !proi%ion i% therein m!"e in the eent the heire%% %hol" "ie a"ter the te%t!tri'+ h!ti%, %!i" (l!%e !nti(ip!te% the (!%e &here the in%titte" heire%% %hol" "ie !fter thete%t!tri' !n" !fter re(eiin# !n" en5o*in# the inherit!n(e+

C!S-L-G- v S!NGS-N@> No+ -1=76

<IKON; Febr!r* =, 196

NAT"#A(tion for p!rtition b* Sp% Cri%olo#o !#!in%t Sin#%on

FACTS

- hi% inole% ! lot !n" improement% thereon+ Compl!int !lle#e" th!t Sin#%ono&ne" h!lf pro-in"ii%o of %!i" prop !n" th!t Florentino o&ne" the other h!lf b* irteof the "l* prob!te" l!%t &ill of Sin#%on /the ori# o&ner+- <efen"!nt$% "efen%e &!% th!t Con%ol!(ion Florentino &!% ! mere %fr(t!r* of,!n" not o&ner of one-h!lf pro-in"ii%o of the propert* in e%tion, !n" th!t, therefore,%he &!% not entitle" to "em!n" p!rtition thereof+- o&er (ort ren"ere" 5"#ment in f!or of pl!intiff+ Sin#%on !ppe!le"+- At the time of the e'e(tion of the &ill, the ne!re%t liin# rel!tie% of the ori# o&ner&ere her brother% E!ri%to, .!nel !n" <ioni%io Sin#%on, her nie(e% >o%!rio, Emili!!n" rini"!", !n" her #r!n"nie(e Con%ol!tion, !ll %rn!me" Florentino+

!SS"#2hether the te%t!ment!r* "i%po%ition proi"e" for %%tit(ion l#!r or for %%tit(ionfi"ei(omi%!ri!

$#LDS:SI:CION V:@A>

- hi% (!%e i% #oerne" b* the ol" Ciil Co"e+- e%t!tor m!* not onl* "e%i#n!te heir% &hoHll %((ee" him, bt !l%o %b%titte% in theeent th!t %!i" heir% "onHt !((ept or !re in no po%ition to !((ept inherit!n(e orle#!(ie%, or "ie !he!" of him+- e%t!tor m!* !l%o bee!th hi% propertie% to p!rti(l!r per%on &G obli#!tion, on p!rtof l!tter, to "elier the %!me to !nother, tot!ll* or p!rti!ll*, pon o((rren(e ofp!rti(l!r eent+

- he p!rti(l!r te%t!ment!r* (l!%e proi"e% for %b%tittion of heir in thi% m!nnerpon "e!th of Con%ol!(ion Florentino, &hether before or !fter th!t of te%t!tri',propert* bee!the" to her %h!ll be "eliere" or %h!ll belon# in e!l p!rt% tote%t!tri'$% bro%, E!ri%to, .!nel, <ioni%io, or their for(e" heir%, %hol" !n*one ofthem "ie !he!" of Con%ol!(ion Florentino+- If thi% (re!te" %%tit(ion l#!r, ne(e%%!r* re%lt &ol" be th!t Con%ol!(ionFlorentino, pon "e!th of te%t!tri', be(!me o&ner of one n"ii"e" h!lf of thepropert*, bt if it proi"e" for %%tittion fi"ei(omi%!ri!, %he &ol" h!e !(ire"nothin# more th!n %fr(t!r* ri#ht% oer %!me h!lf+ In the former, %he &ol" beentitle" to p!rtition, bt not in the l!tter+ A% .!nre%! %!*%, if fi"(i!r* "i" not !(irefll o&ner%hip of propert* bee!the" b* &ill, bt mere %fr(t!r* ri#ht% ntil time(!me for him to "elier %!i" propert* to the fi"ei(omi%!rio, itH% obio% th!t n"eo&ner%hip oer propert*, pon "e!th of te%t!tri', p!%%e" to !n" &!% !(ire" b*!nother per%on, !n" the per%on (!nnot be other th!n the fi"ei(omi%!rio+- It %eem% to be of the e%%en(e of ! fi"ei(ommi%%!r* %b%tittion th!t !n obli#!tion be

(le!rl* impo%e" pon fir%t heir to pre%ere Z tr!n%mit to !nother the &hole or p!rt ofe%t!te bee!the" to him, pon hi% "e!th or pon h!ppenin# of p!rti(l!r eent+ Forthi% re!%on, Art 7= of ol" Ciil Co"e proi"e% th!t fi"ei(ommi%%!r* %b%tittion h!%no effe(t nle%% m!"e e'pre%%l* either b* #iin# it %(h n!me, or b* impo%in# ponfir%t heir the !b%olte obli#!tion to "elier the inherit!n(e to ! %b%titte or %e(on"heir+- he %b%tittion of heir% proi"e" for therein i% not e'pre%%l* m!"e offi"ei(ommi%%!r* in", nor "oe% it (ont!in ! (le!r %t!tement to the effe(t th!t !ppellee,"rin# her lifetime, %h!ll onl* en5o* %fr(t!r* ri#ht% oer the propert* bee!the"to her, n!e" o&ner%hip thereof bein# e%te" in the brother% of the te%t!tri'+ A%!lre!"* %t!te", it merel* proi"e% th!t pon !ppellee$% "e!th, &hether before or !fterth!t of te%t!tri', her %h!re %h!ll belon# to the brother% of the te%t!tri'+

1DA& D# /!LA4/- v T#NGC-07 SC>A 600

>O.E>O; .!r(h 7, 199

NAT"#Petition for certiorari !n" prohibition !n"Gor mandamus &ith pr!*er for ! &rit ofprelimin!r* in5n(tion+

FACTS- .!ri! i?!re% * Aln!n "ie" !n" left her Dte%t!mentoD in the po%%e%%ion !n" (%to"*of her nie(e, E%t!i! i?!re%, &ho l!ter file" ! petition for the %ettlement of here%t!te+ he prob!te (ort "e(l!re" the &ill prob!te" !n" !ppointe" E%t!i! !% thee'e(tri' of the e%t!te of .!ri! i?!re%+- E%t!i! file" ! pro5e(t of p!rtition,  &hi(h &!% #r!nte" b* the prob!te (ort+Simlt!neo%l*, %!i" (ort "e(l!re" the heir%, "ei%ee%, le#!tee% !n" %fr(t!rie%mentione" in the pro5e(t of p!rtition !% the onl* heir%, "ei%ee%, le#!tee% !n"

%fr(t!rie% of the e%t!te; !"5"i(!te" to them the propertie% repe(tiel* !%%i#ne"

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SUCCESSION A2010 page 35

to them, !n" or"ere" the >e#i%ter of <ee"% to effe(t the (orre%pon"in# tr!n%fer ofpropertie%+- E%t!i! file" !n r#ent motion to reopen the te%t!te pro(ee"in#% in or"er th!t%ome propertie% of .!ri! i?!re% &hi(h h!" been omitte" in the p!rtition be!"5"i(!te" to her+ he Cort #r!nte" the motion !n" !"5"i(!te" to E%t!i!(ert!in %h!re% of %to(%, ! reolin# fn" (ertifi(!te, pl!nt!tion (re"it% !n" %#!rot! !llo(!tion%, !n" re!l or per%on!l propertie% of .!ri! i?!re% &hi(h &ere not

#ien b* her to !n* other per%on in her l!%t &ill !n" te%t!ment+   he heir% e'e(te" !n!#reement of p!rtition !n" %b"ii%ion, thereb* termin!tin# their (o-o&ner%hip oerthe inherite" l!n"+- E%t!i! i?!re% "ie" %in#le &ithot !n* "e%(en"!nt+  >o"olfo !n" Amelo i?!re%&ere !ppointe" 5oint !"mini%tr!tor% of her inte%t!te e%t!te+- On the %tren#th of the te%t!ment!r* proi%ion% (ont!ine" in p!r%+ 10 !n" 11 of the&ill of .!ri! i?!re%, &hi(h &ere !lle#e"l* in the n!tre of ! %imple %b%tittion, Cel%!+ V"!+ "e il!*o, et !l+ file" ! motion to reopen on(e !#!in the te%t!te e%t!tepro(ee"in#% of .!ri! i?!re%+ he* pr!*e" !mon# other% th!t ! %b%titte!"mini%tr!tor be !ppointe"+- he inte%t!te heir% of E%t!i! oppo%e" the motion, !lle#in# th!t the (ort h!" nomore 5ri%"i(tion to reopen the te%t!te e%t!te pro(ee"in#% of .!ri! i?!re% !% theor"er of (lo%re h!" lon# be(ome fin!l !n" th!t the te%t!ment!r* proi%ion% %o#ht tobe enfor(e" !re nll !n" oi"+ 

- he Cort "enie" the motion to reopen the te%t!te pro(ee"in#%+

- Cel%! + V"!+ "e il!*o, et !l+ file" ! (ompl!int for re(oer* of o&ner%hip !n"po%%e%%ion of re!l propert* !#!in%t the 5oinin# !"mini%tr!tor% of the e%t!te ofE%t!i! i?!re%+- he 5oint !"mini%tr!tor% file" the pre%ent petition+ Petitioner% (onten", !mon#other%, th!t the (l!im of petitioner% oer the propertie% left b* their nie(e E%t!i!!n" &hi(h the l!tter h!" inherite" b* &ill from .!ri! i?!re%, &!% #ron"le%% be(!%ep!r!#r!ph% 10 !n" 11 of .!ri!$% &ill on &hi(h Cel%! + V"!+ "e il!*o, et !l+ b!%etheir (l!im, (on(eie" of ! fi"ei(ommi%%!r* %b%tittion of heir%+ Petitioner% (l!im th!t%!i" proi%ion% of the &ill !re not !li" be(!%e n"er Arti(le =6 of the Ciil Co"e,the* (on%titte !n in!li" fi"ei(ommi%%!r* %b%tittion of heir%+

!SS"#S1+ 2ON the in"epen"ent !(tion for re(one*!n(e %hol" pro%per+ 2ON petitioner% !re the (on"ition!l %b%titte heir% of E%t!i! in the te%t!tee%t!te of .!ri! i?!re%

$#LD1+ NORatio A fin!l "e(ree of "i%tribtion of the e%t!te of ! "e(e!%e" per%on e%t% the titleto the l!n" of the e%t!te in the "i%tribtee%+ If the "e(ree i% erroneo%, it %hol" be(orre(te" b* opportne !ppe!l, for on(e it be(ome% fin!l, it% bin"in# effe(t i% lie !n*other 5"#ment in rem nle%% properl* %et !%i"e for l!( of 5ri%"i(tion or fr!"+Reasoning- An* (h!llen#e to the !li"it* of ! &ill, !n* ob5e(tion to the !thenti(!tion thereof,!n" eer* demand or claim which any heir legatee or party interested in a testate orintestate succession may make must be acted upon and decided within the samespecial proceedings not in a separate action !n" the %!me 5"#e h!in# 5ri%"i(tionin the !"mini%tr!tion of the e%t!te %h!ll t!e (o#ni?!n(e of the e%tion r!i%e",in!%m(h !% &hen the "!* (ome% he &ill be (!lle" pon to m!e "i%tribtion !n"!"5"i(!tion of the propert* to the intere%te" p!rtie%+

- he f!(t% %ho& th!t the petitioner% re(o#ni?e" the "e(ree of p!rtition %!n(tione" b*the prob!te (ort !n" in f!(t re!pe" the frit% thereof+ Ben(e, the* !re no& pre(l"e"

from !tt!(in# the !li"it* of the p!rtition or !n* p!rt of it in the #i%e of ! (ompl!intfor re(one*!n(e+ A p!rt* (!nnot, in l!& !n" in #oo" (on%(ien(e be !llo&e" to re!pthe frit% of ! p!rtition, !#reement or 5"#ment !n" rep"i!te &h!t "oe% not %it him+

 h%, &here ! pie(e of l!n" h!% been in(l"e" in ! p!rtition !n" there i% no !lle#!tionth!t the in(l%ion &!% !ffe(te" thro#h improper me!n% or &ithot petitioner$%no&le"#e, the partition barred any "urther litigation on %!i" title !n" oper!te" tobrin# the propert* n"er the (ontrol !n" 5ri%"i(tion of the (ort for it% proper

"i%po%ition !((or"in# to the tenor of the p!rtition+- .oreoer, &hen petitioner%+ moe" for the reopenin# of the te%t!te e%t!tepro(ee"in#% of .!ri! i?!re%, the 5"i(i!l "e(ree of p!rtition !n" or"er of (lo%re of%(h pro(ee"in#% &!% !lre!"* fin!l !n" e'e(tor*, then re#lement!r* perio" of thirt*"!*% h!in# el!p%e" from the time of it% i%%!n(e, &ith no timel* !ppe!l h!in# beenfile" b* them+- he onl* in%t!n(e &here ! p!rt* intere%te" in ! prob!te pro(ee"in# m!* h!e ! fin!llii"!tion %et !%i"e i% &hen he i% left ot b* re!%on of (ir(m%t!n(e% be*on" hi%(ontrol or thro#h mi%t!e or in!"erten(e not impt!ble to ne#li#en(e+ Een then,the better pr!(ti(e to %e(re relief i% the openin# of the %!me b* proper motion &ithinthe re#lement!r* perio", in%te!" of !n in"epen"ent !(tion, the effe(t of &hi(h if%((e%%fl, &ol" be for !nother (ort or 5"#e to thro& ot ! "e(i%ion or or"er!lre!"* fin!l !n" e'e(te" !n" re%hffle propertie% lon# !#o "i%tribte" !n" "i%po%e"of++ NO

Ratio 2hen ! te%t!tor merel* n!me% !n heir !n" proi"e% th!t if %(h heir %hol" "ie! %e(on" heir !l%o "e%i#n!te" %h!ll %((ee", there i% no fi"ei(ommi%%!r* %b%tittion+ he %b%tittion %hol" then be (on%tre" !% ! l#!r or %imple %b%tittion n"er Art+=9 of the Ciil Co"e bt it %h!ll be effe(tie onl* if the fir%t heir "ie% be"ore  thete%t!tor+Reasoning- Altho#h the te%t!tri' inten"e" ! fi"ei(ommi%%!r* %b%tittion in p!r!#r!ph% 10 !n"11 of her &ill, the %b%tittion (!n h!e no effe(t be(!%e the rei%ite% for it to be!li", h!" not been %!ti%fie"+ he !lle#!tion of the 5oint !"mini%tr!tor% th!tp!r!#r!ph% 10 !n" 11 of .!ri! i?!re%$ l!%t &ill !n" te%t!ment (on(eie% of !fi"ei(ommi%%!r* %b%tittion n"er Arti(le =6 of the Ciil Co"e i% b!%ele%% !% %!i"p!r!#r!ph% "o not impo%e pon E%t!i! ! (le!r obli#!tion to pre%ere the e%t!te inf!or of Cel%! + V"!+ "e il!*o, et !l+, neither m!* %!i" p!r!#r!ph% be (on%i"ere" !%proi"in# for ! l#!r or %imple %b%tittion+- In thi% (!%e, the in%titte" heir, E%t!i!, %rie" the te%t!tri', .!ri! i?!re%+

Ben(e, there (!n be no %b%tittion of heir% for, pon .!ri! i?!re%$ "e!th, thepropertie% inole" n(on"ition!ll* "eole" pon E%t!i!+ :n"er the(ir(m%t!n(e%, the %i%ter% of .!ri! i?!re% (ol" onl* inherit the e%t!te of E%t!i!b* oper!tion of the l!& of inte%t!(*+

:!1& L#G!T!3#

-SAL#S v& -SAL#S14= SC>A 69

@ANCA3CO; Febr!r* 7, 19=7

NAT"#Petition for >eie& of Or"er% of the CFI of Ceb+

FACTS

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SUCCESSION A2010 page 36

- Petr! >o%!le% "ie" inte%t!te+ She &!% %rie" b* her h%b!n" Fortn!to !n" their (hil"ren .!#n! !n" Antonio+ Another (hil", C!rterio, pre"e(e!%e" her, le!in# behin"! (hil", .!(ieero', !n" hi% &i"o& Irene!, the petitioner+ he e%t!te of the"e(e!%e" h!% !n e%tim!te" #ro%% !le of !bot P0,000+- In the inte%t!te pro(ee"in#%, the tri!l (ort i%%e" !n Or"er "e(l!rin# the follo&in#in"ii"!l% the le#!l heir% of the "e(e!%e" !n" pre%(ribin# their re%pe(tie %h!re ofthe e%t!te Fortn!to /h%b!n", 1G4; .!#n! /"!#hter, 1G4; .!(ieero'

/#r!n"%on, 1G4; !n" Antonio /%on, 1G4+- Irene! in%i%te" in #ettin# ! %h!re of the e%t!te in her (!p!(it* !% the %riin#%po%e of the l!te C!rterio, %on of the "e(e!%e", (l!imin# th!t %he i% ! (ompl%or*heir of her mother-in-l!& to#ether &ith her %on, .!(ieero'+ he tri!l (ort "enie"her ple!+ Ben(e, thi% petition+

!SS"#1+ 2ON the &i"o& &ho%e h%b!n" pre"e(e!%e" hi% mother (!n inherit from the l!tter,her mother-in-l!&+

$#LD1+ NO+Ratio A %riin# %po%e i% not !n inte%t!te heir of hi%Gher p!rent-in-l!&+Reasoning  Inte%t!te or le#!l heir% !re (l!%%ifie" into #rop%, n!mel*, tho%e &hoinherit b* their o&n ri#ht, !n" tho%e &ho inherit b* the ri#ht of repre%ent!tion+

>e%t!te", !n inte%t!te heir (!n onl* inherit either b* hi% o&n ri#ht, !% in the or"er ofinte%t!te %((e%%ion proi"e" for in the CC or b* the ri#ht of repre%ent!tion proi"e"for in Art 9=1 of the %!me l!&+- he rele!nt proi%ion% of the CC !re Art%+ 9=0, 9=1, 9= !n" 999+ here i% noproi%ion &hi(h %t!te% th!t ! &i"o& /%riin# %po%e i% !n inte%t!te heir of hermother-in-l!&+ he entire Co"e i% "eoi" of !n* proi%ion &hi(h entitle% her to inheritfrom her mother-in-l!& either b* her o&n ri#ht or b* the ri#ht of repre%ent!tion+ heproi%ion% of the Co"e &hi(h rel!te to the or"er of inte%t!te %((e%%ion /Arti(le% 97=to 1014 enmer!te &ith meti(lo% e'!(tit"e the inte%t!te heir% of ! "e(e"ent, &iththe St!te !% the fin!l inte%t!te heir+ If the le#i%l!tre inten"e" to m!e the %riin#%po%e !n inte%t!te heir of the p!rent-in-l!&, it &ol" h!e %o proi"e" in the Co"e+- Irene! !r#e% th!t %he i% ! (ompl%or* heir in !((or"!n(e &ith the proi%ion% of Art==7+ he proi%ion refer% to the e%t!te of the "e(e!%e" %po%e in &hi(h (!%e the%riin# %po%e /&i"o& or &i"o&er i% ! (ompl%or* heir+ It "oe% not !ppl* to thee%t!te of ! p!rent-in-l!&+

- 8* the %!me toen, the proi%ion of Art 999 "oe% not %pport Irene!$% (l!im+ hee%t!te (ontempl!te" in the !rti(le i% the e%t!te of the "e(e!%e" %po%e+ he %b5e(tm!tter of the inte%t!te e%t!te pro(ee"in#% in thi% (!%e i% th!t of the "e(e!%e" Petr!>o%!le%, the mother-in-l!& of Irene!+ It i% from the e%t!te of Petr! th!t .!(ieero'"r!&% ! %h!re of the inherit!n(e b* the ri#ht of repre%ent!tion !% proi"e" b* Art 9=1+- Art 971 e'pli(itl* "e(l!re% th!t .!(ieero' i% (!lle" to %((e%%ion b* l!& be(!%eof hi% bloo" rel!tion%hip+ Be "oe% not %((ee" hi% f!ther, C!rterio /the per%onrepre%ente" &ho pre"e(e!%e" hi% #r!n"mother, Petr!, bt the l!tter &hom hi% f!ther&ol" h!e %((ee"e"+ Irene! (!nnot !%%ert the %!me ri#ht of repre%ent!tion !% %heh!% no fili!tion b* bloo" &ith her mother-in-l!&+- Irene! !l%o (onten"% th!t !t the time of the "e!th of her h%b!n", he h!" !nin(ho!te or (ontin#ent ri#ht to the propertie% of Petr! >o%!le% !% (ompl%or* heir+ 8eth!t !% it m!*, %!i" ri#ht of her h%b!n" &!% e'tin#i%he" b* hi% "e!th th!t i% &h* iti% their %on .!(ieero' &ho %((ee"e" from Petr! b* ri#ht of repre%ent!tion+ Be "i"not %((ee" from hi% "e(e!%e" f!ther C!rterio+

BA!T"A v CA

/S!r!h

L-CS!N v CA06 SC>A =

NA>VASA; Febr!r*

FACTS.!ri!no o(%in m!rrie" C!t!lin! )!(i!n+ he* h!" no (hil"ren+ In hi% &ill, .!ri!noin%titte" C!t!lin! !% hi% %ole nier%!l heir+ he* both !#ree" th!t !fter "e!th, theirpropertie% th!t the* h!" from their re%pe(tie %i"e% of the f!milie% &ol" reert totheir f!milie% /o(%in% !n" )!(i!n%+9 *e!r% !fter .!ri!noH% "e!th, C!t!lin! be#!n tr!n%ferrin#, b* %!le, "on!tion or!%%i#nment, their propertie% to their re%pe(tie nie(e% !n" nephe&%+6 *e!r% !fter C!t!lin!H% "e!th, %ome of her )!(i!n nephe&% !n" nie(e% &ho h!"!lre!"* re(eie" their le#!(ie% !n" here"it!r* %h!re% from her e%t!te file" !(tion tore(oer propertie% th!t C!t!lin! h!" (one*e" to the o(%in% "rin# her lifetime,!lle#in# the* &ere inoffi(io%, &Go (on%i"er!tion, !n" inten"e" %olel* to (ir(mentl!&% on %((e%%ion+ ho%e (lo%e%t to C!t!lin! "i" not 5oin the !(tion

 he C !n" CA "e(l!re" pri!te re%pon"ent% entitle" to inherit the propert* C!t!lin!h!" "i%po%e" of more th!n 10 *e!r% before her "e!th

!SS"#2ON re%pon"ent% &ere entitle" to inherit the propert* C!t!lin! h!" "i%po%e" of

$#LDNO

 he propert* C!t!lin! "i%po%e" of more th!n 10 *e!r% before her "e!th &!% not p!rtof her here"it!r* e%t!te, th!t i%, the propert* !n" tr!n%mi%%ible ri#ht% !n" obli#!tion%e'i%tin# !t the time of the "e(e"entH% "e!th !n" tho%e &hi(h h!e !((re" thereto%in(e the openin# of %((e%%ion+ B!" %he "ie" inte%t!te, onl* the propert* th!trem!ine" in her e%t!te !t the time of "e!th &ol" h!e "eole" to her le#!l heir%+

Een if !ll the tr!n%fer% &ere tre!te" !% "on!tion%, the ri#ht !ri%in# n"er (ert!in(ir(m%t!n(e% to imp#n !n" (ompel re"(tionGreo(!tion of "e(e"entH% #ift% interio% "oe% not inre to re%pon"ent%, &ho !re not (ompl%or* heir%+ So thereH% no

b!%i% for !%%min# intention on her p!rt to (ir(ment the l!& in iol!tion ofre%pon"ent%H ri#ht to %((e%%ion+ In f!(t no le#itime% (ol" (on(ei!bl* be imp!ire"b* !n* tr!n%fer of her propert* "rin# her life time+ he* h!" no i"%W

:1& 5#T#!T!-N

A.NA v D"NCAN17 SC>A 90

.AAINA; )ne 0, 1966

FACTS- E"&!r" E+ Chri%ten%en, ! (iti?en of C!liforni! &ith "omi(ile in the Philippine%, "ie"le!in# ! &ill e'e(te" on .!r(h , 191+ he &ill &!% !"mitte" to prob!te b* CFI<!!o+ here, the (ort "e(l!re" th!t .!ri! Belen Chri%ten%en @!r(i! /Belen @!r(i!

&!% ! n!tr!l (hil" of the "e(e!%e"+ he "e(l!r!tion &!% !ppe!le" to SC !n" &!%!ffirme"+

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SUCCESSION A2010 page 37

- In !nother in(i"ent rel!tie to the e%t!teH% p!rtition, the C !pproe" the pro5e(t%bmitte" b* the e'e(tor in !((or"!n(e &ith the proi%ion% of the &ill, &hi(h %!i"(ort fon" to be !li" n"er the l!& of C!liforni!+ Belen @!r(i! !ppe!le" from theor"er of !ppro!l, !n" SC reer%e" the %!me on the #ron" th!t the !li"it* of theproi%ion% of the &ill %hol" be #oerne" b* Philippine l!&, !n" retrne" the (!%e tothe lo&er (ort &ith in%tr(tion% th!t the p!rtition be m!"e !% proi"e" b* %!i" l!&+- CFI <!!o !pproe" the pro5e(t of p!rtition %bmitte" b* the e'e(tor &herein the

propertie% of the e%t!te &ere "ii"e" e!ll* bet&een .!ri! (* Chri%ten%en <n(!n/n!me" in the &ill !% .!ri! (* Chri%ten%en <!ne*, !n" herein!fter referre" to !%(* <n(!n, &hom the te%t!tor h!" e'pre%%l* re(o#ni?e" in hi% &ill !% hi% "!#hter/n!tr!l !n" Belen @!r(i!, &ho h!" been 5"i(i!ll* "e(l!re" !% %(h !fter hi% "e!th+

 hi% &!% b!%e" on the propo%ition th!t %in(e Belen @!r(i! h!" been preterite" in the&ill, the in%tittion of (* <n(!n !% heir &!% !nnlle"+ Ben(e, the propertie% p!%%e"to both of them !% if the "e(e!%e" h!" "ie" inte%t!te, %!in# onl* the le#!(ie% left inf!or of (ert!in other per%on%, &hi(h le#!(ie% h!e been "l* !pproe" b* the lo&er(ort !n" "i%tribte" to the le#!tee%+ (* <n(!n no& !ppe!l%+- he &ill (ont!in%, !mon# other%, the follo&in# (l!%e% &hi(h !re pertinent to thei%%e in thi% (!%e+ I "e(l!re +++ th!t I h!e bt ONE (hil", n!me" .A>IA :C3 CB>ISENSEN /No& .r%+8ern!r" <!ne*, &ho &!% born in the Philippine% !bot = *e!r% !#o, &ho i% no&re%i"in# !t No+ 66 >o"#er 3on# Vill!#e, o% An#ele%, C!liforni!, :+S+A+4+ I frther "e(l!re th!t I no& h!e no liin# !%(en"!nt%, !n" no "e%(en"!nt% e'(ept

m* !boe-n!me" "!#hter, .A>IA :C3 CB>ISENSEN <ANE3+' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' '7+ I #ie, "ei%e, !n" bee!th nto .A>IA BEEN CB>ISENSEN, no& m!rrie" toE"!r"o @!r(i!, !bot 1= *e!r% of !#e !n" &ho, not&ith%t!n"in# the f!(t th!t %he &!%b!pti?e" Chri%ten%en, i% not in !n* &!* rel!te" to me, nor h!% %he been !t !n* time!"opte" b* me, !n" &ho, from !ll inform!tion I h!e no& re%i"e% in E#pit, <i#o%,<!!o, Philippine%, the %m of P,600+00, the %!me to be "epo%ite" in tr%t for the%!i" .!ri! Belen Chri%ten%en &ith PN8 <!!o 8r!n(h, !n" p!i" to her !t the r!te ofP100+00 per month ntil the prin(ip!l thereof !% &ell !% !n* intere%t &hi(h m!* h!e!((re" thereon, i% e'h!%te"+

' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' '1+ I hereb* #ie, "ei%e !n" bee!th, nto m* &ell-beloe" "!#hter, the %!i".A>IA :C3 CB>ISENSEN <ANE3, !ll the in(ome from the re%t, rem!in"er, !n"re%i"e of m* propert* !n" e%t!te, re!l, per%on!l !n"Gor mi'e", of &h!t%oeer in" or(h!r!(ter, !n" &here%oeer %it!te", of &hi(h I m!* be po%%e%%e" !t m* "e!th !n"

&hi(h m!* h!e (ome to me from !n* %or(e &h!t%oeer, "rin# her lifetimeX- he C rle", !n" !ppellee no& m!int!in%, th!t there h!% been preterition of Belen@!r(i!, ! (ompl%or* heir in the "ire(t line, re%ltin# in the !nnlment of thein%tittion of heir pr%!nt to Arti(le =4 of the Ciil Co"e, &hi(h proi"e%

A>+ =4+ he preterition or omi%%ion of one, %ome, or !ll of the (ompl%or* heir%in the "ire(t line, &hether liin# !t the time of the e'e(tion of the &ill or born!fter the "e!th of the te%t!tor, %h!ll !nnl the in%tittion of heir; bt the "ei%e%!n" le#!(ie% %h!ll be !li" in%of!r !% the* !re not inoffi(io%+

- On the other h!n", !ppell!nt (onten"% th!t thi% i% not ! (!%e of preterition, bt i%#oerne" b* Arti(le 906 of the Ciil Co"e, &hi(h %!*% DAn* (ompl%or* heir to &homthe te%t!tor h!% left b* !n* title le%% th!n the le#itime belon#in# to him m!* "em!n"th!t the %!me be fll* %!ti%fie"+D Appell!nt !l%o %##e%t% th!t (on%i"erin# theproi%ion% of the &ill &hereb* the te%t!tor e'pre%%l* "enie" hi% rel!tion%hip &ith Belen@!r(i!, bt left to her ! le#!(* neerthele%% !ltho#h le%% th!n the !mont of herle#itime, %he &!% in effe(t "efe(tiel* "i%inherite" &ithin the me!nin# of Arti(le 91=,

&hi(h re!"%

A>+ 91=+ <i%inherit!n(e &ithot ! %pe(ifi(!tion of the (!%e, or for ! (!%e thetrth of &hi(h, if (ontr!"i(te", i% not proe", or &hi(h i% not one of tho%e %et forthin thi% Co"e, %h!ll !nnl the in%tittion of heir% in%of!r !% it m!* pre5"i(e theper%on "i%inherite"; bt the "ei(e% !n" le#!(ie% !n" other te%t!ment!r*"i%po%ition% %h!ll be !li" to %(h e'tent !% &ill not imp!ir the le#itim!te+

- h%, !((or"in# to !ppell!nt, n"er both Arti(le 906 !n" 91=, Belen @!r(i! i%entitle" onl* to her le#itime, !n" not to ! %h!re of the e%t!te e!l th!t of (*

<n(!n !% if the %((e%%ion &ere inte%t!te+!SS"#S1+ 2ON the e%t!te, !fter "e"(tin# the le#!(ie%, %hol" be "ii"e" in e!l %h!re% Qor%hol" the inherit!n(e of (* <n(!n !% in%titte" heir be merel* re"(e" to thee'tent ne(e%%!r* to (oer the le#itime of Belen @!r(i!, ei!lent to 1G4 of the entiree%t!teY

$#LD1+ NORatio 1eri et al. %. Akutin, (ite" b* !ppellee% in %pport of their theor* of preteritioni% not here !ppli(!ble, be(!%e it referre" to ! &ill &here Dthe te%t!tor left !ll hi%propert* b* nier%!l title to the (hil"ren b* hi% %e(on" m!rri!#e, !n" /th!t &ithote'pre%%l* "i%inheritin# the (hil"ren b* hi% fir%t m!rri!#e, he left nothin# to them or, !tle!%t, %ome of them+D In the (!%e !t b!r the te%t!tor "i" not entirel* omit oppo%itor-

!ppellee Belen @!r(i!, bt left her ! le#!(* of P,600+00+ Reasoning he e%tion m!* be po%e" In or"er th!t the ri#ht of ! for(e" heir m!*be limite" onl* to the (ompletion of hi% le#itime /in%te!" of the !nnlment of thein%tittion of heir% i% it ne(e%%!r* th!t &h!t h!% been left to him in the &ill Db* !n*title,D !% b* le#!(*, be #r!nte" to him in hi% (!p!(it* !% heir, th!t i%, !  titulo deherederoJ In other &or"%, %hol" he be re(o#ni?e" or referre" to in the &ill !% heirJ.!nre%! (ite% p!rti(l!rl* "e(i%ion% of the SC of Sp!in+ In e!(h (!%e the te%t!tor leftto one &ho &!% ! for(e" heir ! le#!(* &orth le%% th!n the le#itime, bt &ithotreferrin# to the le#!tee !% !n heir or een !% ! rel!tie, !n" &ille" the re%t of thee%t!te to other per%on%+ It &!% hel" th!t Arti(le =1 !pplie", !n" the heir (ol" not !%th!t the in%tittion of heir% be !nnlle" entirel*, bt onl* th!t the le#itime be(omplete"+

 he fore#oin# %oltion i% in"ee" more in (on%on!n(e &ith the e'pre%%e" &i%he% of thete%t!tor in the pre%ent (!%e !% m!* be #!there" er* (le!rl* from the proi%ion% of hi%&ill+ Be ref%e" to !(no&le"#e Belen @!r(i! !% hi% n!tr!l "!#hter, !n" limite" her

%h!re to ! le#!(* of P,600+00+ he f!(t th!t %he &!% %b%eentl* "e(l!re" 5"i(i!ll*to po%%e%% %(h %t!t% i% no re!%on to !%%me th!t h!" the 5"i(i!l "e(l!r!tion (ome"rin# hi% lifetime hi% %b5e(tie !ttit"e to&!r"% her &ol" h!e n"er#one !n*(h!n#e !n" th!t he &ol" h!e &ille" hi% e%t!te e!ll* to her !n" to (* <n(!n,&ho !lone &!% e'pre%%l* re(o#ni?e" b* him+

 he e%t!te of the "e(e!%e" Chri%ten%en pon hi% "e!th (on%i%te" of 99 %h!re% of%to(% in the Chri%ten%en Pl!nt!tion Comp!n* !n" ! (ert!in !mont in (!%h+ 1G4 of%!i" e%t!te "e%(en"e" to Belen @!r(i! !% her le#itime+ Sin(e %he be(!me the o&ner ofher %h!re !% of the moment of the "e!th of the "e(e"ent /Art%+ 774, 777, Ciil Co"e,%he i% entitle" to ! (orre%pon"in# portion of !ll the frit% or in(rement% thereof%b%eentl* !((rin#+ he%e in(l"e the %to( "ii"en"% on the (orpor!te hol"in#%+

 he (ontention of (* <n(!n th!t !ll %(h "ii"en"% pert!in to her !((or"in# to theterm% of the &ill (!nnot be %%t!ine", for it &ol" in effe(t imp!ir the ri#ht ofo&ner%hip of Belen @!r(i! &ith re%pe(t to her le#itime+

N"G"!D v N"G"!D

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SUCCESSION A2010 page 38

17 SC>A 449S!n(he? ); )ne, 1966

FACTS->o%!rio N#i" "ie" on <e(ember 0, 196, %in#le, &ithot "e%(en"!nt%, le#itim!teor ille#itim!te+ Sriin# her &ere her le#itim!te p!rent%, Feli' N#i" !n" P!?S!lon#! N#i", !n" %i' brother% !n" %i%ter%

-Petitioner >eme"io% N#i", one of the brother% file" ! holo#r!phi( &ill !lle#e"l*e'e(te" b* >o%!rio N#i" on Noember 17, 191, %ome 11 *e!r% before her"emi%e+ Petitioner pr!*e" th!t %!i" &ill be !"mitte" to prob!te !n" th!t letter% of!"mini%tr!tion &ith the &ill !nne'e" be i%%e" to her+On )ne , 196, p!rent% Feli' !n" N#i", (on(e"e"l* the le#itim!te f!ther !n"mother of the "e(e!%e" >o%!rio N#i", entere" their oppo%ition to the prob!te of her&ill+ @ron" therefor, inter alia, i% th!t b* the in%tittion of petitioner >eme"io%N#i" !% nier%!l heir of the "e(e!%e", oppo%itor% &ho !re (ompl%or* heir% of the"e(e!%e" in the "ire(t !%(en"in# line+ &ere ille#!ll* preterite" !n" th!t in(on%een(e the in%tittion i% oi"+

!SS"#2ON the &ill i% oi" "e to preterition

$#LD

 3ES-2ill %t!te" 1o%. + +D6+( )SA)( 1??(2 being o" sound and disposing mind and memory ha%ingamassed a certain amount o" property do hereby gi%e de%ise and beueath all o"the property which ( may ha%e when ( die to my belo%ed sister )emedios 1uguid age07 residing with me at 0F-& (riga G.C. (n witness whereo" ( ha%e signed my namethis se%enth day o" 1o%ember nineteen hundred and "i"ty-one.;Sgd.< (llegibleTH )SA)( 1??(2-the l!& in the CC proi"e% A)T. F67. The preterition or omission o" one some or allo" the compulsory heirs in the direct line whether li%ing at the time o" the e!ecutiono" the will or born a"ter the death o" the testator shall annul the institution o" heir> butthe de%ises and legacies shall be %alid inso"ar as they are not ino""icious. ...B -2e"inition o" A11?=,. To reduce to nothing> annihilate> obliterate> to make %oid or o"no e""ect> to nulli"y> to abolish> to do away with. E! parte Mitchell

-@The deceased )osario 1uguid le"t no descendants legitimate or illegitimate. &ut shele"t "orced heirs in the direct ascending line her parents now oppositors Ieli! 1uguidand 5az Salonga 1uguid. And the will completely omits both o" them, They thusrecei%ed nothing by the testament> tacitly they were depri%ed o" their legitime>neither were they e!pressly disinherited. This is a clear case o" preterition The one-sentence will here institutes petitioner as the sole uni%ersal heir J nothing more. 1ospeci"ic legacies or beuests are therein pro%ided "or. (t is in this posture that we saythat the nullity is completeB.->eme"io% (onten"% th!t !n ineffe(tie "i%inherit!n(e &!% m!"e in%te!" of preterition!n" th% Art+ =4 "oe% not !ppl*+ hi% (ontention &!% hel" in!li" b* the (ort+Preterition D(on%i%t% in the omi%%ion in the te%t!tor$% &ill of the for(e" heir% or !n*oneof them, either be(!%e the* !re not mentione" therein, or, tho#h mentione", the*!re neither in%titte" !% heir% nor !re e'pre%%l* "i%inherite"+D 16  <i%inherit!n(e, intrn, Di% ! te%t!ment!r* "i%po%ition "epriin# !n* (ompl%or* heir of hi% %h!re in thele#itime for ! (!%e !thori?e" b* l!& "i%inherit!n(e m%t e'pre%%l* be %t!te"+ Inthi% (!%e, no %(h e'pre%% inherit!n(e &!% mentione"

-effe(t of preterition "i%inherit!n(ePreterition n"er Arti(le =4 of the Ciil Co"e, &e repe!t, D%h!ll !nnl the in%tittion ofheirD+ hi% !nnlment i% in toto, nle%% in the &ill there !re, in !""ition, te%t!ment!r*"i%po%ition% in the form of "ei%e% or le#!(ie%In "i%inherit!n(e the nllit* i% limite" to th!t portion of the e%t!te of &hi(h the"i%inherite" heir% h!e been ille#!ll* "eprie"

#SC"!N v #SC"!N11 PBI  O>>ES; September 4, 190=

FACTS- On the 19th of )!n!r*, 1=99, Emilio Antonio E%(in "e lo% S!nto% e'e(te" ! &illbefore ! not!r* pbli( of Seill!, Sp!in, %t!tin# therein th!t he &!% ! n!tie of C!ite,the %on Fr!n(i%(o E%(in !n" E#eni! "e lo% S!nto%, the l!tter bein# "e(e!%e"; th!the &!% m!rrie" !bot %i' month% preio%l* to .!ri! ere%! Pon(e "e eon, !n" th!the h!" no l!&fl "e%(en"!nt%; the te%t!tor, ho&eer, %t!te" in (l!%e three of hi% &ill,th!t in (!%e he h!% ! "l* re#i%tere" %((e%%or, hi% (hil" &ol" be hi% %ole !n"nier%!l heir; bt th!t if, !% &ol" prob!bl* be the (!%e, there %hol" be no %(hheir, then in (l!%e for he n!me" hi% %!i" f!ther Fr!n(i%(o E%(in, !n" hi% &ife .!ri!

 ere%! Pon(e "e eon !n" hi% nier%!l heir%, the* to "ii"e the e%t!te in e!l %h!re%bet&een them+- he te%t!tor "ie" on the 0th of )!n!r*, 1=99- :pon the &ill h!in# been !"mitte" to prob!te, (ommi%%ioner% &ere !ppointe" to(on%i"er (l!im% !#!in%t the e%t!te- On the 10th !n" 1th of )l* 1907, the !ttorne* for the &i"o&, Pon(e "e eon, !n"the !ttorne*% &ho repre%ente" the #!r"i!n to the minor, Emilio E%(in * 8!t!(,!ppe!le" to the Cort of Fir%t In%t!n(e from the fin"in#% of the !fore%!i"(ommi%%ioner%+- It !ppe!r% in the propo%e" p!rtition th!t, !((or"in# to the opinion of the!"mini%tr!tor b* &hom it &!% %i#ne" in the re%lt of the pro(ee"in#%, the propert* leftb* the e%t!tor, in !((or"!n(e &ith the !((ont% p!%%e" pon b* the (ort, !monte"to P=,6=+0- From %!i" %m the follo&in# m%t be "e"(te" the (re"it !ll"e" to be !"mitte" b*the (ommi%%ioner%, 10U remner!tion "e to the !"mini%tr!tor, !ll le#!l e'pen%e%p!i" !n" !pproe"+ <e"(tin# the !boementione" !mont%, there rem!in% !b!l!n(e of P,014+=1+- he p!rtition !n" !"5"i(!tion &!% pro(ee"e" &ith of the %m of P,014+=1 intothree %h!re% of P1,671+60 to e!(h one of the p!rtie% in intere%t, th!t i%, the n!tr!l%on, Emilio E%(in * 8!t!(, in fll (ontrol !% #ener!l heir; the &i"o&, ere%! Pon(e "eeon, !% le#!tee of one-h!lf of the t&o-thir"% of the fn"% of free "i%po%ition; !n" the%!i" &i"o& the %fr(t of the other h!lf of the !fore%!i" t&o-thir"% of free "i%po%ition,the b!re o&ner%hip of the l!%t thir" hel" in %fr(t b* the &i"o& bein# !"5"i(!te" toFr!n(i%(o E%(in, !% le#!tee t!in# into !((ont the proi%ion% of !rti(le =17 of theCiil Co"e pon m!in# the "ii%ion+- he repre%ent!tie of the minor n!tr!l (hil" of the te%t!tor ob5e(te" in &ritin# tothe p!rtition propo%e" b* the !"mini%tr!tor, !n" for the re!%on% he %et forth !%e"th!t the %!me be "i%!pproe", !n" th!t in lie thereof the entire e%t!te be!"5"i(!te" to Emilio E%(in * 8!t!(, the %!i" minor+- It &!% !l%o pre%ente" th!t in ! (ertifie" pro(ee"in#, pl!intiff !%e" on the 1th of

 )!n!r*, 190, th!t !n !llo&!n(e be #r!nte" to him for %b%i%ten(e for !((ont of the

e%t!te of the l!te te%t!tor, Emilio E%(in "e lo% S!nto%, !n" th!t the %!me be p!i" himmonthl* in !"!n(e; th!t 5"#ment be entere" "e(l!rin# th!t the minor, Emilio E%(in

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SUCCESSION A2010 page 39

* 8!t!(, i% ! n!tr!l (hil" of the te%t!tor; th!t the %!i" minor, !% the onl* n!tr!l %onof the %!me i% hi% #ener!l heir; th!t it be hel" th!t the %!i" te%t!tor h!" "ie" &ithoteither l!&fl !%(en"!nt% or "e%(en"!nt%; th!t the "e%i#n!tion of heir% m!"e n"er hi%!boe-mentione" &ill be "e(l!re" nll !n" oi"; !n" th!t the "efen"!nt% be%enten(e" to p!* the (o%t% in (!%e the* "i" not (onform to the (ompl!int, &ith !n*frther reme"* th!t the (ort mi#ht (on%i"er 5%t !n" eit!ble+- he !"mini%tr!tor, >i(!r"o Smmer%, in !n%&er to the (ompl!int "enie" !ll !n"

eer* one of the f!(t% !lle#e" in !ll !n" eer* one of it% p!r!#r!ph%+- he (ort belo& fon" th!t E%(in * 8!t!( &!% the re(o#ni?e" n!tr!l (hil" of thel!te Emilio E%(in "e lo% S!nto%, h!" b* )li! 8!t!(; th!t the te%t!tor &!% !l%o then!tr!l %on of the "efen"!nt Fr!n(i%(o E%(in !n" E#eni! "e lo% S!nto%, !n" &!%re(o#ni?e" b* hi% f!ther; !n" th!t the pl!intiff minor, Emilio E%(in * 8!t!(, i% one ofthe heir% of the l!te te%t!tor+- 8* !n or"er of the lo&er (ort, the 5"#e e'pre%%e" !n opinion th!t ! n!tr!l (hil" i%onl* entitle" to one-forth of the here"it!r* propert*, the (l!%e in the &ill bein#!nnlle" onl* in %o f!r !% the !mont to be "ii"e" %hol" be re"(e", t!in# into!((ont the %h!re "e to the n!tr!l %on !n" the ri#ht of the f!ther !n" the &i"o& ofthe te%t!tor, e!(h to one-h!lf of the rem!in"er of the propert* of the e%t!te+

!SS"#S1+ 2ON there &!% preterition+ 2ON the te%t!tor (ol" be (on%i"ere" to h!e "ie" inte%t!te

$#LD1+ 3ES

 here i% preterition to 1G of the e%t!te, &hi(h !mont (on%titte% the le#!l portion of! n!tr!l (hil"; !n" for the re!%on th!t mino9r &!% i#nore" in the &ill, the "e%i#n!tionof heir% m!"e therein &!%, !% ! m!tter of f!(t !nnlle" b* for(e of l!&, in%of!r !% thele#!l portion of the %!i" minor &!% thereb* imp!ire"+ e#!(ie%, !n" betterment% %h!llbe !li", in%of!r !% the* !re not ille#!l, for the re!%on th!t ! te%t!tor (!nnot "epriethe heir% of their le#!l portion%, e'pre%% in the (!%e% e'pre%%l* in"i(!te" b* l!&++ NONot&ith%t!n"in# the f!(t th!t the %!i" "e%i#n!tion of heir% &!% !nnlle" !n" th!t thel!& re(o#ni?e% the title of the minor, E%(in * 8!t!(, to one-thir" of the propert* of hi%n!tr!l f!ther, !% hi% l!&fl !n" #ener!l heir, it i% not proper to !%%ert th!t the l!teEmilio E%(in "e lo% S!nto% "ie" inte%t!te in or"er to e%t!bli%h the (on(l%ion th!t hi%%!i" n!tr!l re(o#ni?e" (hil" i% entitle" to %((ee" to the entire e%t!te n"er the

proi%ion% of !rti(le 99 of the Ciil Co"e, in!%m(h in !((or"!n(e &ith the l!& !(iti?en m!* "ie p!rtl* te%t!te !n" p!rtl* inte%t!te /!rt+ 764, Ciil Co"e+ It i% (le!r !n"ne%tion!ble th!t it &!% the &i%h of the te%t!tor to f!or hi% n!tr!l f!ther !n" hi%&ife &ith (ert!in portion% of hi% propert* &hi(h, n"er the l!&, he h!" the ri#ht to"i%po%e of b* &ill, !% he h!% "one, proi"e" the le#!l portion of hi% #ener!l heir &!%not thereb* imp!ire", the t&o former per%on% bein# (on%i"ere" !% le#!tee% n"er the&ill+

LA;-3 v L#"T#!-@+>+ No+ -17

CONCEPCION; April , 1960

NAT"#Petition for ! &rit of certiorari !n" mandamus

FACTS

- .!'imo Viol! "ie" on Sept+r , 19+ )"i(i!l pro(ee"in#% of hi% te%t!te e%t!te &erein%titte" in the CFI of 8l!(!n, !n" l!ter on (lo%e"+ An !#reement of p!rtition !n""i%tribtion &!% e'e(te" b* !n" !mon# the le#itim!te (hil"ren+- <on!to !5om /pl!intiff-!ppellee herein file" in CFI of Ne! E(i5! th!t he be"e(l!re" ! n!tr!l (hil" of .!'imo Viol!, implie"l* re(o#ni?e" !n" !(no&le"#e" in!((or"!n(e &ith the l!&% in for(e prior to the Ciil Co"e, thereb* bein# ! (o-heir of

 )o%e, >!f!el !n" Silio Viol! /"efen"!nt%-!ppell!nt%+ After tri!l, CFI of Ne! E(i5!

"e(l!re" !5om !% n!tr!l (hil" of the "e(e!%e"+ here!fter, !5om %o#ht to h!e !llthe propertie% of the "e(e!%e" (oll!te" !n" re"i%tribte" %o th!t !5om m!* #et hi%%h!re of the inherit!n(e !% ! (ompl%or* heir+I !5om in%titte" the pre%ent (!%e be(!%e pon .>, the (ort i%%e" ! "e(i%ion"!te" O(tober 0, 197, %!*in# th!t he propertie% "on!te" to >!f!el Viol! !n"&hi(h !re %o#ht to be (oll!te" b* the pl!intiff !re not in e%tion, not h!in# beenpt in i%%e b* the ple!"in#%+ Neither !re the* mentione" in the inentor* of the 7p!r(el% &hi(h !re !nne'e" to the (ompl!int+ Ben(e, %(h i% e'(l"e" from the(oll!tion+

!SS"#S1+ 2ON there &!% preterition in thi% (!%e+ 2ON, "e to the preterition, the in%tittion of heir% m!"e b* the "e(e!%e" .!'imoViol! be(!me ineffe(tie, !n" th!t Ciil C!%e No+ =077 &!% thereb* (onerte" into !ninte%t!te pro(ee"in#% for the %ettlement of hi% e%t!te+

$#LD1+ 3ES- he &ill h!in# (ompletel* omitte" the pl!intiff &ho i% ! (ompl%or* heir, !n" h!in#"i%po%e" of !ll the propertie% in f!or of the "efen"!nt%, it n!tr!ll* en(ro!(he" ponthe le#itime of the pl!intiff+ S(h te%t!ment!r* "i%po%ition% m!* not imp!ir thele#itim!te /Art+ 107, Sp!ni%h Ciil Co"e+ In !nother %en%e, the pl!intiff, bein# !(ompl%or* heir in the "ire(t line, !n" h!in# been preterite", the in%tittion i%!nnlle" in it% entiret* /Art+ =14, Sp!ni%h Ciil Co"e no& Art+ =4, N+C+C+, Neri %s.Atin, 7 Phil+, Note th!t thi% Cort %impl* reiter!te" &h!t the re%pon"ent )"#eh!% rle" re#!r"in# thi% p!rti(l!r i%%e in hi% "e(i%ion "!te O(tober 0, 196+

+ NO- here mi#ht h!e been merit therein if &e &ere "e!lin# &ith %pe(i!l pro(ee"in#% forthe %ettlement of the te%t!te e%t!te of ! "e(e!%e" per%on, &hi(h, in (on%een(e of

%!i" preterition, &ol" thereb* !(ire the (h!r!(ter of ! pro(ee"in# for the%ettlement of !n inte%t!te e%t!te, &ith 5ri%"i(tion oer !n* !n" !ll propertie% of the"e(e!%e"+ 8t, Ciil C!%e No+ =077 i% !n or"in!r* (iil !(tion, !n" the !thorit* of the(ort h!in# 5ri%"i(tion oer the %!me i% limite" to the propertie% "e%(ribe" in theple!"in#%, &hi(h !"mitte"l* "o not in(l"e the !forementione" ri(el!n"+

BALANA4 v 3AT!N#.64 SC>A 4

A:INO; )ne 7, 197

NAT"#Appe!l b* Certior!ri

FACTS

-eo"e#!ri! )li!n "ie" le!in# her h%b!n" Feli' Sr+, !n" %i' le#itim!te (hil"ren, Feli', )r+ Aelin!, 8e!tri?, C!rolin!, <eli!, !n" Emili!+

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SUCCESSION A2010 page 40

-She left ! not!ri!l &ill !n" in p!r!#r!ph of the &ill %he %!i" th!t !fter the "e!th ofFeli' Sr+ her l!n" !n" !ll (on5#!l l!n"% %hol" be "ii"e" in the m!nner %et forth inth!t p!rt of her &ill+ She "ei%e" !n" p!rtitione" of in the &ill her h%b!n"H% one-h!lf%h!re of the (on5#!l !%%et%+-Feli' Sr !n" Aelin! oppo%e"+-Sb%eentl*, Feli' Sr &ith"re& !n" he (onforme" !n" renon(e" hi% here"it!r*ri#ht%+ Bo&eer, Aelin! (ontine" on &ith her oppo%ition+

-he lo&er (ort "e(l!re" the &ill !% oi" !n" (onerte" the te%t!te pro(ee"in# to !ninte%t!te pro(ee"in#+-Feli', )r+ !ppe!le"+

!SS"#1+ 2ON the &ill %hol" fir%t be "etermine" to be intrin%i(!ll* !li" prior to the"etermin!tion of it% !llo&!n(e or form!l !li"it*+ 2ON the "e(l!r!tion th!t the &ill &!% oi" i% proper+ 2ON the renn(i!tion of Feli', Sr+ of hi% here"it!r* ri#ht% i% !li"4+ 2IN Feli', Sr+ &ill &!% intrin%i(!ll* oi" be(!%e it preterite" him

$#LD1+ 3e%, it &!% (orre(t in p!%%in# pon the e%tion of intrin%i( !li"it* fir%t+ he (ort&!% of the opinion th!t in ie& of (ert!in n%!l proi%ion% of the &ill /i+e+ p!r!#r!ph, &hi(h !re of "bio% le#!lit*, !n" be(!%e of the motion to &ith"r!& the petition

for prob!te+ It &!% (orre(t to p!%% pon the &illH% intrin%i( !li"it* een before it%form!l !li"it* i% e%t!bli%he"+ he prob!te of ! &ill mi#ht be(ome !n i"le (eremon* ifon it% f!(e it !ppe!r% to be intrin%i(!ll* oi"+ 2here pr!(ti(!l (on%i"er!tion "em!n"th!t the intrin%i( !li"it* of the &ill be p!%%e" pon, een before it i% prob!te", the(ort %hol" meet the i%%e++ No, it &!% not proper+ he in!li"it* of one of the %eer!l "i%po%ition% "oe% not!ffe(t the !li"it* of the other "i%po%ition%+ E'(ept if the other "i%po%ition% i%"epen"ent on the fir%t in!li" "i%po%ition th!t h!% been m!"e+ he !li" p!rt% %hol"be phel" if the* (!n be %ep!r!te" from the in!li" &ithot "efe!tin# the intention ofthe te%t!tor or interferin# &ith the #ener!l %(heme, or "oin# in5%ti(e to thebenefi(i!rie%++ 3e%, it &!% !li"+ Art+ 79 of the Ciil Co"e %t!te% th!t Propert* !(ire" !fter them!in# of ! &ill %h!ll onl* p!%% thereb*, !% if the te%t!tor h!" po%%e%%e" it !t the timeof m!in# the &ill, %hol" it e'pre%%l* !ppe!r b* the &ill th!t %(h &!% hi% intention!n" Art+ 90 he le#!(* or "ei%e of ! thin# belon#in# to !nother per%on i% oi", if the

te%t!tor erroneo%l* beliee" th!t the thin# pert!ine" to him+ 8t if the thin#bee!the", tho#h not belon#in# to the te%t!tor &hen he m!"e the &ill, !fter&!r"%be(ome% hi%, b* &h!teer title, the "i%po%ition %h!ll t!e effe(t+ he p!rtition then h!%be(ome !li"+4+ No, Feli', Sr+H% (!%e In the (!%e, the preterite" heir &!% the %riin# %po%e+ Bi%preterition "i" not pro"(e inte%t!(*+ .oreoer, he %i#nifie" hi% (onformit* to hi%&ifeH% &ill !n" renon(e" hi% here"it!r* ri#ht%+ h% it i% "ifferent from the N#i"(!%e be(!%e &here the te%t!tri' !% heir her %i%ter !n" preterite" her p!rent%+ Ber &ill&!% intrin%i(!ll* oi" be(!%e it preterite" her (ompl%or* heir% in the "ire(t line+ Art+=4 of the Ciil Co"e proi"e%, he preterition or omi%%ion of one, %ome, or !ll of the(ompl%or* heir% in the "ire(t line, &hether liin# !t the time of the e'e(tion of the&ill or born !fter the "e!th of the te%t!tor, %h!ll !nnl the in%tittion of heir; bt the"ei%e% !n" le#!(ie% %h!ll be !li" in%of!r !% the* !re not inoffi(io%+ If the omitte"(ompl%or* heir% %hol" "ie before the te%t!tor, the in%tittion %h!ll be effe(t!l,&ithot pre5"i(e to the ri#ht of repre%ent!tion+ Sin(e the preterition of the p!rent%

!nnlle" the in%tittion of the %i%ter !% te%t!tri' !n" there &ere no le#!(ie% !n""ei%e%, tot!l inte%t!(* re%lte"+

.oreoer, te%t!(* i% prefer!ble to inte%t!(*+ <obt% !re re%ole" in f!or of inte%t!(*+A% f!r !% le#!ll* po%%ible, the e'pre%%e" "e%ire of the te%t!tor m%t be follo&e" !n"the "i%po%ition% in the &ill %hol" be follo&e"+

S-LAN- v CA16 SC>A 1

.EENCIO BE>>E>A; Noember 9, 19=

NAT"#Petition for >eie& on (ertior!ri

FACTS- 8ieneni"o @!r(i! !n" Emeteri! @!r(i! file" !n !(tion for re(o#nition !#!in%t .elitonSol!no, (l!imin# to be ille#itim!te (hil"ren+ Sol!no "ie" "rin# the pen"en(t of the%it+ Koni! Sol!no &!% or"ere" %b%titte" %in(e %he &!% the onl* %riin# heirmentione" in hi% &ill+- he @!r(i!% file" their D>epl* to KONIA$% Appe!r!n(e !n" Spplement!l C!%e ofA(tionD imp#nin# the re(o#nition of Koni! !% !n !(no&le"#e" n!tr!l (hil" &ith thepr!*er th!t %he be "e(l!re" in%te!", lie them, !% !n !"ltero% (hil"+- he tri!l (ort rle" th!t the @!r(i!% !n" Koni! &ere ille#itim!te (hil"ren+ he CA!ffirme"+ 8oth (ort% fon" the follo&in# f!(t%Sol!no m!rrie" >io%!+ he l!tter "ie"+ On ! &orl" tor, he met @or!n"+ Be m!rrie"her+ Bo&eer, %he left him in 199+ In 190, he h!" rel!tion% &ith )!n! @!r(i!+ he@!r(i!% &ere then born ot of the !ff!ir+ ho#h "o(ment% "o not n!me him !%f!ther, Sol!no re(o#ni?e" them !% %ho&n b* hi% !(t% of %pport+ In 19, he lie" &ith

 rini"!" !#non+ KONIA An! !#non &!% born+ In her birth (ertifi(!te, it &!%in"i(!te" th!t %he &!% ille#itim!te+ <rin# the )!p o((p!tion, Sol!no &!% !ble toobt!in "ior(e from @or!n"+ !ter, Sol!no !n" rini"!" !#non e'e(te" !nDE%(ritr! "e >e(ono(imiento "e :nit Bi5! N!tr!lD !(no&le"#in# KONIA !% ! Dn!tr!l(hil"D !n" #iin# her the ri#ht to %e the n!me KONIA An! Sol!no * !#non+ In 1969,Sol!no e'e(te" ! &ill, m!in# Koni! !% hi% nier%!l heir, e'(ept for (ert!in p!r(el%of l!n" &herein rini"!" &!% #r!nte" %fr(t!r* ri#ht%+

!SS"#S1+ 2ON the CA !n" C !(te" &ithot 5ri%"i(tion or in e'(e%% of 5ri%"i(tion in"e(l!rin# %b%titte "efen"!nt Koni! An! Sol!no !n ille#itim!te (hil" of the l!teSol!no in !n !(tion &here pri!te re%pon"ent%, %o#ht re(o#nition !% n!tr!l (hil"renof Sol!no+ 2ON the CA !n" C !(te" &ithot 5ri%"i(tion or in e'(e%% of 5ri%"i(tion in"e(l!rin# nll !n" oi" the in%tittion of heir in SOANO$% &ill; in (on(l"in# th!t tot!linte%t!(* re%lte" therefrom; !n" "i%tribtin# the %h!re% of the p!rtie% in SOANO$%e%t!te &hen %!i" e%t!te &!% n"er the 5ri%"i(tion !n" (ontrol of the Prob!te Cort inSpe(i!l Pro(ee"in#% No+ =4

$#LD1+ NOReasoning-In her DAppe!r!n(e of Sb%titte <efen"!nt Koni! An! + Sol!no +++ Sole !n" :nier%!lBeirD, KONIA %pe(ifi(!ll* pr!*e" th!t %he be !llo&e" to !%%me her "tie% !% e'e(tri'!n" !"mini%tr!tri' of the prob!te" &ill+ In other &or"%, KONIA "i" not onl* rel* ponSOANO$% An%&er !lre!"* of re(or" bt !%%erte" ne& ri#ht% in her (!p!(it* !% %ole!n" nier%!l heir, De'e(tri' !n" !"mini%tr!tri', D!n" (h!llen#e" the ri#ht of the@A>CIAS to re(o#nition+ h%, %he &!% not "efen"in# the (!%e !% ! mere

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SUCCESSION A2010 page 41

repre%ent!tie of the "e(e!%e" bt !%%erte" ri#ht% !n" "efen%e% in her o&n per%on!l(!p!(it*+- <rin# the tri!l, the @!r(i!% pre%ente" their ei"en(e to %pport their (l!im+ Koni!"i" not ob5e(t+ She een pre%ente" her o&n ei"en(e to proe %he &!% ! le#itim!te(hil"+ h%, !% r!i%e" b* the p!rtie% in their o&n ple!"in#% !n" pr%!nt to theirre%pe(tie ei"en(e "rin# the tri!l, the liti#!tion &!% (onerte" into ! (onte%tbet&een the @A>CIAS !n" KONIA pre(i%el* !% to their (orre(t %t!t% !% heir% !n" their

re%pe(tie ri#ht% !% %(h++ No+Reasoning-he #ener!l rle &ol" be th!t the (ort &ol" h!e no 5ri%"i(tion+ Bo&eer, therei% ! pe(li!r %it!tion in the (!%e+ Fir%t, Sol!no him%elf in%titte" the petition forprob!te of the 2ill "rin# hi% lifetime+ 2ith the 2ill !llo&e" to prob!te, the (!%e &ol"h!e termin!te" e'(ept th!t it !ppe!r% th!t the p!rtie%, !fter SOANO$% "e!th,(ontine" to file ple!"in#% therein+ Se(on", the ri!l Cort or"ere" the imple!"in# ofthe e%t!te of SOANO !n" pro(ee"e" on th!t b!%i%+ In effe(t, therefore, the t&o (!%e%&ere (on%oli"!te"+ hir", it i% %ettle" th!t the !llo&!n(e of ! 2ill i% (on(l%ie onl* !%to it% "e e'e(tion+ A prob!te "e(ree i% not (on(erne" &ith the intrin%i( !li"it* orle#!lit* of the proi%ion% of the 2ill+- he C then h!" 5ri%"i(tion to "e(l!re Koni! !n" the @!r(i!% ille#itim!te+ It fon"th!t the !(no&le"#ement of Koni! !% ! n!tr!l (hil" i% erroneo% %in(e Sol!no &!%

%till m!rrie" to @or!n"+ he @!r(i!% !re (ompl%or* heir%, !n" !% ! re%lt of %(hpreterition the in%tittion of KONIA !% %ole heir b* SOANO i% nll !n" oi" pr%!nt toArti(le =4+- he C h!" 5ri%"i(tion in re%olin# the i%%e of the here"it!r* %h!re%+ Bo&eer, thethe pretention of the @A>CIAS %hol" !nnl the in%tittion of KONIA !% heir onl*in%of!r !% the le#itime of the omitte" heir% i% imp!ire"- he (!%e of N#i" %+ N#i", et !l+, 14 reiter!tin# the rlin# in Neri, et !l+ %+Atin, et !l+, 1 &hi(h hel" th!t &here the in%tittion of ! nier%!l heir i% nll !n"oi" "e to pretention, the 2ill i% ! (omplete nllit* !n" inte%t!te %((e%%ion en%e%,i% not !ppli(!ble herein be(!%e in the N#i" (!%e, onl* ! one-%enten(e 2ill &!%inole" &ith no other proi%ion e'(ept the in%tittion of the %ole !n" nier%!l heir;there &!% no %pe(ifi(!tion of in"ii"!l propert*; there &ere no %pe(ifi( le#!(ie% orbee%t%+ In (ontr!%t, in the (!%e !t b!r, there i% ! %pe(ifi( bee%t or le#!(* %o th!tArti(le =4 of the Ciil Co"e, %pr!, !pplie% merel* !nnllin# the Din%tittion of heir+- !%tl*, it %hol" be note" th!t Soni! onl* e%tione" the (ortH% 5ri%"i(tion in the

SC+ She i% !lre!"* e%toppe"+

ACA!N v CA F#NAND#. D!-NGS-NE1 SC>A 100

PA>AS; O(tober 7, 1997

NAT"# hi% i% ! petition for reie& on (ertior!ri of the "e(i%ion of re%pon"ent Cort ofAppe!l%+

FACTS- .!* 9, 19=4 petitioner Con%t!ntino A(!in file" in the >C of Ceb Cit* ! petitionfor the prob!te of the &ill of the l!te Neme%io A(!in !n" for the i%%!n(e of letter%te%t!ment!r*, on the premi%e Neme%io "ie" le!in# ! &ill in &hi(h Con%t!ntino !n"hi% %iblin#% &ere in%titte" !% heir% /the &ill &!% in 8i%!*!, &ith En#li%h tr!n%l!tion+

- he &ill (ont!ine" proi%ion% on bri!l rite%, p!*ment of "ebt%, !n" the !ppointmentof ! (ert!in Att*+ I#n!(io @+ Vill!#on?!lo !% the e'e(tor of the te%t!ment+ On the"i%po%ition of propert* it %t!te"

All m* %h!re% th!t I m!* re(eie from or propertie%, ho%e, l!n"% !n" mone*&hi(h I e!rne" 5ointl* &ith m* &ife >o%! <ion#%on %h!ll be #ien b* me to m*brother SE@:N<O ACAIN, Filipino, &i"o&er, of le#!l !#e !n" pre%entl* re%i"in# !t1C S!n(i!n#o, Street, Ceb Cit*+ !n %ase my brother Segndo A%ain

+rede%eases me, all whi%h %onstitte my share shall be given by me to his%hildren, namelyJ Anita, Constantino, Con%e+%ion, irina, Lara, Flores,Antonio and ;ose, all srnamed A%ain&M

- Se#n"o pre-"e(e!%e" Neme%io+ It i% the (hil"ren of Se#n"o &ho !re (l!imin# to beheir%, &ith Con%t!ntino !% the petitioner+ he oppo%itor% !re re%pon"ent% Vir#ini! A+Fern!n"e?, Neme%ioH% le#!ll* !"opte" "!#hter, !n" hi% &i"o& >o%! <ion#%on/oppo%itor% file" ! motion to "i%mi%%+- CA #r!nte" re%pon"ent%H petition !n" or"ere" the C to "i%mi%% the petition for theprob!te of the &ill of Neme%io+

#etitioner$s Claim- he* !re the in%titte" heir% of Neme%io A(!in+- he &ill of Neme%io i% !li" !n" m%t therefore, be !"mitte" to prob!te+Responents$ Comments- Petitioner h!% no le#!l (!p!(it*;

- Petitioner i% merel* ! nier%!l heir;- he !"opte" "!#hter !n" the &i"o& h!e been preterite"+

!SS"#SE1+ 2ON pri!te re%pon"ent% h!e been preterite" /therefore openin# the

inherit!n(e to them+ /3ES+ 2ON Con%t!ntino h!% le#!l %t!n"in# to petition for prob!te+ /NO

$#LD1+ 3ESRatio Preterition !nnl% the in%tittion of !n heir !n" !nnlment thro&% open tointe%t!te %((e%%ion the entire inherit!n(e /Art+ =4, Ciil Co"e+ he nllifi(!tion of%(h in%tittion of nier%!l heir%L&ithot !n* other te%t!ment!r* "i%po%ition in the&illL!mont% to ! "e(l!r!tion th!t nothin# !t !ll &!% &ritten+Reasoning

Civil CodeArt& 9*)& he preterition or omi%%ion of one, %ome, or !ll of the (ompl%or* heir% inthe "ire(t line, &hether liin# !t the time of the e'e(tion of the &ill or born !fterthe "e!th of the te%t!tor, %h!ll !nnl the in%tittion of heir; bt the "ei%ee% !n"le#!(ie% %h!ll be !li" in%of!r !% the* !re not inoffi(io%+

If the omitte" (ompl%or* heir% %hol" "ie before the te%t!tor, the in%tittion%h!ll be effe(t!l, &ithot pre5"i(e to the ri#ht of repre%ent!tion+

- Preterition (on%i%t% in the omi%%ion in the te%t!tor$% &ill of the for(e" heir% or !n*oneof them either be(!%e the* !re not mentione" therein, or, tho#h mentione", the*!re neither in%titte" !% heir% nor !re e'pre%%l* "i%inherite"+- The reisites of +reterition are

1 he heir omitte" i% ! for(e" heir /in the "ire(t line; he omi%%ion i% b* mi%t!e or thr !n oer%i#ht; he omi%%ion i% (omplete %o th!t the for(e" heir re(eie" nothin# in the &ill+

- In%of!r !% the &i"o& i% (on(erne", Art+ =4 of the Ciil Co"e m!* not !ppl* !% %he

"oe% not !%(en" or "e%(en" from the te%t!tor, !ltho#h %he i% ! (ompl%or* heir+

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Preterition !pplie% onl* to Fern!n"e?, !% her !"option b* the te%t!tor &!% note%tione" b* Con%t!ntino+- :n"er the Chil" !n" 3oth 2elf!re Co"e, !"option #ie% to the !"opte" per%on the%!me ri#ht% !n" "tie% !% if he &ere ! le#itim!te (hil" of the !"opter !n" m!e% the!"opte" per%on ! le#!l heir of the !"opter+ It (!nnot be "enie" th!t %he &!% tot!ll*omitte" !n" preterite" in the &ill of the te%t!tor !n" th!t both !"opte" (hil" !n" the&i"o& &ere "eprie" of !t le!%t their le#itime+ Neither (!n it be "enie" th!t the* &ere

not e'pre%%l* "i%inherite"+ Ben(e, thi% i% ! (le!r (!%e of preterition of the le#!ll*!"opte" (hil"+- No le#!(ie% nor "ei%e% h!in# been proi"e" in the &ill, the &hole propert* of the"e(e!%e" h!% been left b* nier%!l title to petitioner !n" hi% brother% !n" %i%ter%+ Art+=4 of the Ciil Co"e i% (le!r !% to thi% point+

+ NO+Ratio In or"er th!t ! per%on m!* be !llo&e" to interene in ! prob!te pro(ee"in# hem%t h!e !n intere%t in the e%t!te, or in the &ill, or in the propert* to be !ffe(te" b*it either !% e'e(tor or !% ! (l!im!nt of the e%t!te !n" !n intere%te" p!rt* i% ! one&ho &ol" be benefite" b* the e%t!te %(h !% !n heir or one &ho h!% ! (l!im !#!in%tthe e%t!te lie ! (re"itor+Reasoning- Con%t!ntino i% not the !ppointe" e'e(tor, neither ! "ei%ee nor ! le#!tee therebein# no mention in the te%t!ment!r* "i%po%ition of !n* #ift of !n in"ii"!l item of

per%on!l or re!l propert* he i% (!lle" pon to re(eie+- Inte%t!(* h!in# re%lte" from the preterition of re%pon"ent !"opte" (hil" !n" thenier%!l in%tittion of heir%, petitioner i% in effe(t not !n heir of the te%t!tor+ Be h!%no le#!l %t!n"in# to petition for the prob!te of the &ill left b* the "e(e!%e"+

-n Certiorari and +rohibition as +ro+er remedy for es+ondentsJ- A% ! #ener!l rle (ertior!ri (!nnot be ! %b%titte for !ppe!l, e'(ept &hen thee%tione" or"er i% !n oppre%%ie e'er(i%e of 5"i(i!l !thorit*+ he prob!te (ort$%!thorit* i% limite" onl* to the e'trin%i( !li"it* of the &ill, the "e e'e(tion thereof,the te%t!tor$% te%t!ment!r* (!p!(it* !n" the (ompli!n(e &ith the rei%ite% or%olemnitie% pre%(ribe" b* l!&+ he intrin%i( !li"it* of the &ill norm!ll* (ome% onl*!fter the Cort h!% "e(l!re" th!t the &ill h!% been "l* !thenti(!te"+ S!i" (ort !tthi% %t!#e of the pro(ee"in#% i% not (!lle" pon to rle on the intrin%i( !li"it* oreffi(!(* of the proi%ion% of the &ill+- Bo&eer, n"er e'(eption!l (ir(m%t!n(e%, the prob!te (ort i% not po&erle%% to "o

&h!t the %it!tion (on%tr!in% it to "o !n" p!%% pon (ert!in proi%ion% of the &ill+- he C (ol" h!e "enie" it% prob!te otri#ht or (ol" h!e p!%%e" pon theintrin%i( !li"it* of the te%t!ment!r* proi%ion% before the e'trin%i( !li"it* of the &ill&!% re%ole"+ he reme"ie% of (ertior!ri !n" prohibition &ere properl* !!ile" of b*pri!te re%pon"ent%+- 2here the #ron"% for "i%mi%%!l !re in"bit!ble, the "efen"!nt% h!" the ri#ht tore%ort to the more %pee"*, !n" !"e!te reme"ie% of (ertior!ri !n" prohibition to(orre(t ! #r!e !b%e of "i%(retion, !montin# to l!( of 5ri%"i(tion, (ommitte" b*the tri!l (ort in not "i%mi%%in# the (!%e+

3#L#NC!-I$##A, Con%rringJ- Preterition in thi% (!%e &!% b* mi%t!e or in!"erten(e+ An import!nt "i%tin(tion h!%to be m!"e !% to &hether the omi%%ion of ! for(e" heir in the 2ill of ! te%t!tor i% b*mi%t!e or in!"erten(e, or olnt!r* or intention!l+ If b* mi%t!e or in!"erten(e,there i% tre preterition !n" tot!l inte%t!(* re%lt%+

- If the omi%%ion i% intention!l, the effe(t &ol" be ! "efe(tie "i%inherit!n(e+

T-L#NT!N- Preterition i% pre%me" to be onl* !n inolnt!r* omi%%ion; th!t i%, th!tif the te%t!tor h!" no&n of the e'i%ten(e of the (ompl%or* heir !t the time of thee'e(tion of the &in, he &ol" h!e in%titte" %(h heir+ On the other h!n", if thete%t!tor !ttempt% to "i%inherit ! (ompl%or* heir, the pre%mption of the l!& i% th!the &!nt% %(h heir to re(eie !% little !% po%%ible from hi% e%t!te+

:1!& #S#1A T-NCAL

#D-S- v SABLAN Phil+ 9

A>EANO; September 1 191-.!r(elin! E"ro%o &!% m!rrie" to Vi(tori!no S!bl!n ntil hi% "e!th on Sept+ , 1==+In thi% m!rri!#e the* h!" ! %on n!me" Pe"ro, &ho &!% born on A#%t 1, 1==1, !n"&ho !t hi% f!ther$% "e!th inherite" the t&o %!i" p!r(el%+ Pe"ro !l%o "ie" on )l* 1,190, nm!rrie" !n" &ithot i%%e, !n" b* hi% "e(e!%e the t&o p!r(el% of l!n" inP!#%!n5!n, !#n!, p!%%e" thro#h inherit!n(e to hi% mother, .!r(elin! E"ro%o+Ben(e the here"it!r* title &herepon i% b!%e" the !ppli(!tion for re#i%tr!tion of hero&ner%hip+-&o le#itim!te brother% of Vi(tori!no S!bl!n Qn(le% #erm!n of Pe"roY !ppe!re" inthe (!%e to oppo%e the re#i%tr!tion, (l!imin# either /1 th!t the re#i%tr!tion be "enie"O> / th!t if #r!nte" to her the ri#ht re%ere" b* l!& to the opponent% be re(or"e" in

the re#i%tr!tion of e!(h p!r(el+-he Cort of !n" >e#i%tr!tion "enie" the re#i%tr!tion !n" the !ppli(!nt !ppe!le"thro#h ! bill of e'(eption%+ >e#i%tr!tion &!% "enie" be(!%e the tri!l (ort hel" th!tthe p!r(el% of l!n" in e%tion p!rt!e of the n!tre of propert* reire" b* l!& to bere%ere" !n" th!t in %(h ! (!%e !ppli(!tion (ol" onl* be pre%ente" 5ointl* in then!me% of the mother !n" the %!i" t&o n(le% of Pe"ro S!bl!n+Note .!ri!no S!bl!n !n" .!ri! >it! Fern!n"e?  %on Vi(tori!no S!bl!n  %on Pe"roS!bl!n  mother .!r(elin! E"ro%o

!SS"#2ON the l!n"% &hi(h !re the %b5e(t m!tter of the !ppli(!tion !re reire" b* l!& tobe re%ere"

$#LD 3ES+

-he here"it!r* title i% one &ithot ! !l!ble (on%i"er!tion Q#r!tito% titleY+ Be &ho!(ire% b* inherit!n(e #ie% nothin# in retrn for &h!t he re(eie%-Art+ =11, OCC proi"e% he !%(en"!nt &ho inherit% from hi% "e%(en"!nt propert*&hi(h the l!tter !(ire" &ithot ! !l!ble (on%i"er!tion from !nother !%(en"!nt, orfrom ! brother or %i%ter, i% n"er obli#!tion to re%ere &h!t he h!% !(ire" b*oper!tion of l!& for the rel!tie% &ho !re &ithin the thir" "e#ree !n" belon# to theline &hen(e the propert* pro(ee"e"+-.!r(elin! E"ro%o, !%(en"!nt of Pe"ro S!bl!n, inherite" from him the%e t&o p!r(el% ofl!n" &hi(h he !(ire" &ithot ! !l!ble (on%i"er!tion M th!t i%, b* inherit!n(e from!nother !%(en"!nt, hi% f!ther Vi(tori!no+ B!in# !(ire" them b* oper!tion of l!&,%he i% obli#!te" to re%ere them int!(t for the (l!im!nt%, &ho !re n(le% or rel!tie%&ithin the thir" "e#ree !n" belon# to the line of .!ri!no S!bl!n !n" .!ri! >it!Fern!n"e?, &hen(e the l!n"% pro(ee"e"+ he tri!l (ort$% rlin# th!t the* p!rt!e ofthe n!tre of propert* reire" b* l!& to be re%ere" i% therefore in !((or"!n(e &iththe l!&+

-If Pe"ro S!bl!n h!" in%titte" hi% mother in ! &ill !% the nier%!l heire%% of hi%propert*, !ll he left !t "e!th &ol" not be reire" b* l!& to be re%ere", bt onl*

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SUCCESSION A2010 page 43

&h!t he &ol" h!e perfor(e left her !% the le#!l portion of ! le#itim!te !%(en"!nt+QArt+ =09, OCC+Y In %(h (!%e onl* the h!lf (on%tittin# the le#!l portion &ol" bereire" b* l!& to be re%ere", be(!%e it i% &h!t b* oper!tion of l!& &ol" f!ll to themother from her %on$% inherit!n(e; the other h!lf !t free "i%po%!l &ol" not h!e to bere%ere"+ hi% i% !ll th!t !rti(le =11 of the Ciil Co"e %!*%+-Proof of te%t!te %((e%%ion "eole% pon the heir or heire%% &ho !lle#e% it+ In thi%(!%e, the intere%te" p!rt* h!% not proe" th!t either of the lot% be(!me .!r(elin!H%

inherit!n(e thro#h the free "i%po%!l of her %on+- &o in"% of propert* reire" b* l!& to be re%ere" !re "i%tin#i%he" in the CiilCo"e+ Arti(le 96= D8e%i"e% the re%er!tion impo%e" b* !rti(le =11, the &i"o& or&i"o&er (ontr!(tin# ! %e(on" m!rri!#e %h!ll be obli#e" to %et !p!rt for the (hil"ren!n" "e%(en"!nt% of the fir%t m!rri!#e the o&ner%hip of !ll the propert* he or %he m!*h!e !(ire" from the "e(e!%e" %po%e b* &ill, b* inte%t!te %((e%%ion, b* #ift, orother tr!n%fer &Got ! !l!ble (on%i"er!tion+D-From prin(iple% of 5ri%pr"en(e l!i" "o&n b* the Spreme Cort of Sp!in, it i%inferre" th!t if from <e(ember, 1==9, to )l*, 1=9, ! (!%e h!" o((rre" of ! ri#htreire" to be re%ere" b* !rti(le =11, the per%on% entitle" to %(h ri#ht &ol" h!ebeen !ble to in%titte, !#!in%t the !%(en"!nt% &ho m%t m!e the re%er!tion,pro(ee"in#% for the !%%r!n(e !n" #!r!nt* th!t !rti(le% 977 !n" 97= #r!nt to the(hil"ren of ! fir%t m!rri!#e !#!in%t their f!ther or mother &ho h!% m!rrie" !#!in+ hepro(ee"in#% for !%%r!n(e, n"er !rti(le 977, !re Inentor* of the propert* %b5e(t tothe ri#ht re%ere", !nnot!tion in the propert* re#i%tr* of %(h ri#ht re%ere" in the

re!l propert* !n" !ppr!i%!l of the per%on!l propert*; !n" the #!r!nt*, n"er !rti(le97=, i% the !%%r!n(e b* mort#!#e, in the (!%e of re!lt*, of the !le of &h!t i% !li"l*!lien!te"+-Arti(le 199 of !men"e" .ort#!#e !& Dhe %pe(i!l mort#!#e for #!r!nteein# theri#ht re%ere" b* !rti(le =11 of the Ciil Co"e (!n onl* be reire" b* the rel!tie% in&ho%e f!or the propert* i% to be re%ere", if the* !re of !#e; if minor%, it &ill bereire" b* the per%on% &ho %hol" le#!ll* repre%ent them+ In either (!%e the ri#ht ofthe per%on% in &ho%e f!or the propert* m%t be re%ere" &ill be %e(re" b* the %!merei%ite% !% %et forth in the pre(e"in# !rti(le% /rel!tie to the ri#ht re%ere" b* !rti(le96= of the Ciil Co"e, !ppl*in# to the per%on obli#!te" to re%ere the ri#ht theproi%ion% &ith re%pe(t to the f!ther+D-he l!p%e of the ninet* "!*% i% not the e'pir!tion b* pre%(ription of the perio" for thee'er(i%e of thi% ri#ht of !(tion b* the per%on% in &ho%e f!or the ri#ht m%t bere%ere", bt re!ll* the (ommen(ement thereof, !n" en!ble% them to e'er(i%e it !t!n* time, %in(e no limit i% %et in the l!&+ So, if the !nnot!tion of the ri#ht reire" b*

l!& to be re%ere" in the t&o p!r(el% of l!n" in e%tion m%t be m!"e in the propert*re#i%tr* of the .ort#!#e !&, the per%on% entitle" to it m!* no& in%titte pro(ee"in#%to th!t en", !n" !n !lle#!tion of pre%(ription !#!in%t the e'er(i%e of %(h ri#ht of!(tion (!nnot be %%t!ine"+2h!t !re the ri#ht% in the propert* of the per%on &ho hol"% it %b5e(t to there%er!tion of !rti(le =11 of the Ciil Co"eJ-he per%on reire" b* !rti(le =11 to re%ere the ri#ht h!%, be*on" !n* "obt !t !ll,the ri#ht% of %e !n" %fr(t+ Be h!%, moreoer, the le#!l title !n" "ominion,!ltho#h n"er ! (on"ition %b%eent+ Cle!rl* he h!%, n"er !n e'pre%% proi%ion ofthe l!&, the ri#ht to "i%po%e of the propert* re%ere", !n" to "i%po%e of i% to !lien!te,!ltho#h n"er ! (on"ition+ Be h!% the ri#ht to re(oer it, be(!%e he i% the one &hopo%%e%%e% or %hol" po%%e%% it !n" h!e title to it, !ltho#h ! limite" !n" reo(!bleone+ In ! &or", the le#!l title !n" "ominion, een tho#h n"er ! (on"ition, re%i"e inhim &hile he lie%+ After the ri#ht reire" b* l!& to be re%ere" h!% been !%%re", he(!n "o !n*thin# th!t ! #enine o&ner (!n "o+

-On the other h!n", the rel!tie% &ithin the thir" "e#ree in &ho%e f!or the ri#ht i%re%ere" (!nnot "i%po%e of the propert*, fir%t be(!%e it i% no &!*, either !(t!ll*,

(on%tr(tiel* or form!ll*, in their po%%e%%ion; !n", moreoer, be(!%e the* h!e notitle of o&ner%hip or of fee %imple &hi(h the* (!n tr!n%mit to !nother, on theh*pothe%i% th!t onl* &hen the per%on &ho m%t re%ere the ri#ht %hol" "ie beforethem &ill the* !(ire it, th% (re!tin# ! fee %imple, !n" onl* then &ill the* t!e theirpl!(e in the %((e%%ion of the "e%(en"!nt of &hom the* !re rel!tie% &ithin the thir""e#ree, th!t i% to %!*, ! %e(on" (ontin#ent pl!(e in %!i" le#itim!te %((e%%ion in thef!%hion of !%pir!nt% to ! po%%ible ftre le#!(*+ If !n* of the per%on% in &ho%e f!or

the ri#ht i% re%ere" %hol", !fter their ri#ht h!% been !%%re" in the re#i%tr*, "!re to"i%po%e of een nothin# more th!n the fee %imple of the propert* to be re%ere" hi%!(t &ol" be nll !n" oi", for it i% impo%%ible to "etermine the p!rt Dth!t mi#htpert!in therein to the rel!tie !t the time he e'er(i%e" the ri#ht, be(!%e in ie& ofthe n!tre !n" %(ope of the ri#ht reire" b* l!& to be re%ere" the e'tent of hi% ri#ht(!nnot be fore%een, for it m!* "i%!ppe!r b* hi% "*in# before the per%on reire" tore%ere it, 5%t !% it m!* een be(ome !b%olte %hol" th!t per%on "ie+D-No !(t of "i%po%!l inter io% of the per%on reire" b* l!& to re%ere the ri#ht (!nbe imp#ne" b* him in &ho%e f!or it i% re%ere", be(!%e %(h per%on h!% !ll,!b%oltel* !ll, the ri#ht% inherent in o&ner%hip, e'(ept th!t the le#!l title i% br"ene"&ith ! (on"ition th!t the thir" p!rt* !(irer m!* !%(ert!in from the re#i%tr* in or"erto no& th!t he i% !(irin# ! title %b5e(t to ! (on"ition %b%eent+ In (on(l%ion, it%eem% to % th!t onl* !n !(t of "i%po%!l morti% (!%! in f!or of per%on% other th!nrel!tie% &ithin the thir" "e#ree of the "e%(en"!nt from &hom he #ot the propert* tobe re%ere" m%t be prohibite" to him, be(!%e thi% !lone h!% been the ob5e(t of the

l!& Do preent per%on% ot%i"e ! f!mil* from %e(rin#, b* %ome %pe(i!l !((i"ent oflife, propert* th!t &ol" other&i%e h!e rem!ine" therein+DC!n the heir of the propert* reire" b* l!& to be re%ere" him%elf !lone re#i%ter theo&ner%hip of the propert* he h!% inherite"J-3ES &hen the per%on% in &ho%e f!or the re%er!tion m%t be m!"e !#ree thereto!n" proi"e" th!t the ri#ht re%ere" to them in the t&o p!r(el% of l!n" i% re(or"e", !%the l!& proi"e%+

S!#N#S v #S5AC!A1 SC>A 70

<IKON; .!r(h 4, 1966

FACTS- ot 6= ori#in!ll* belon#e" to S!trnino 3!e%o+ 2ith hi% fir%t &ife, ere%! >!le%,he h!" for (hil"ren n!me" A#!ton, Fern!n"o, P!lin! !n" Cipri!n!, &hile &ith hi%%e(on" &ife, An"re! @t!n#, he h!" !n onl* %on n!me" Fr!n(i%(o+- A((or"in# to the (!"!%tr!l re(or"% of A*it!n, S!trnino pon hi% "e!th left ot6= /&e%tern portion to Fr!n(i%(o+- A% ! re%lt of the (!"!%tr!l pro(ee"in#%, Ori#in!l Certifi(!te of itle No+ 107(oerin# ot 6= &!% i%%e" in the n!me of Fr!n(i%(o+ 8e(!%e Fr!n(i%(o &!% !minor !t the time, hi% mother An"re! @t!n# !"mini%tere" the propert* for him+- 2hen Fr!n(i%(o "ie", %in#le !n" &ithot !n* "e%(en"!nt, hi% mother, !% hi% %oleheir, e'e(te" the pbli( in%trment entitle" E>A):<ICIA SEE.EN AN< SAE&hereb*, !mon# other thin#%, for !n" in (on%i"er!tion of the %m of P=00+00 %he %ol"the propert* in e%tion to !ppell!nt%+- 2hen there!fter %!i" en"ee% "em!n"e" from P!lin! 3!e%o !n" her h%b!n" )o%eE%p!r(i!, the %rren"er of OC No+ 107 L &hi(h &!% in their po%%e%%ion L thel!tter ref%e", th% #iin# ri%e to the filin# of the (orre%pon"in# motion in the(!"!%tr!l re(or" No+ 07+ he %!me, ho&eer, &!% "enie"+

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SUCCESSION A2010 page 44

- here!fter, Cipri!n! !n" P!lin! 3!e%o, the %riin# h!lf-%i%ter% of Fr!n(i%(o, !n"&ho !% %(h h!" "e(l!re" the propert* in their n!me, e'e(te" ! "ee" of %!le in f!orof the %po%e% Fi"el E%p!r(i! !n" P!lin! Siene%+- Appell!nt% (ommen(e" thi% !(tion belo& to %e(re 5"#ment /1 "e(l!rin# nll !n"oi" the %!le e'e(te" b* P!lin! !n" Cipri!n! 3!e%o in f!or of !ppellee%, the%po%e% Fi"el E%p!r(i! !n" P!lin! Siene%; / or"erin# the E%p!r(i! %po%e% tore(one* to !ppell!nt% ot 6=; !n" / or"erin# !ll the !ppellee% to p!*, 5ointl* !n"

%eer!ll*, to !ppell!nt% the %m of P00+00 !% "!m!#e%, pl% the (o%t% of %it+- Appellee% "i%(l!ime" !n* no&le"#e or inform!tion re#!r"in# the %!le !lle#e"l*m!"e b* An"re! @t!n# in f!or of !ppell!nt% !n" !lle#e" th!t, if %(h %!le &!%m!"e, the %!me &!% oi" on the #ron" th!t An"re! @t!n# h!" no ri#ht to "i%po%eof the propert* %b5e(t m!tter thereof+

!SS"#2ON the %!le m!"e b* An"re! @t!n# in f!or of !ppell!nt% i% oi"+

$#LDA% hel" b* the tri!l (ort, it i% (le!r pon the f!(t% !lre!"* %t!te", th!t the l!n" ine%tion &!% re%er!ble propert*+ Fr!n(i%(o 3!e%o inherite" it b* oper!tion of l!&from hi% f!ther S!trnino, !n" pon Fr!n(i%(o$% "e!th, nm!rrie" !n" &ithot"e%(en"!nt%, it &!% inherite", in trn, b* hi% mother, An"re! @t!n#+ he l!tter &!%,therefore, n"er obli#!tion to re%ere it for the benefit of rel!tie% &ithin the thir"

"e#ree belon#in# to the line from &hi(h %!i" propert* (!me, if !n* %rie" her+ here(or" "i%(lo%e% in thi% (onne(tion th!t An"re! @t!n# "ie", the lone re%eree%riin# her bein# Cipri!n! 3!e%o+In (onne(tion &ith re%er!ble propert*, the &ei#ht of opinion i% th!t the re%ere(re!te% t&o re%oltor* (on"ition%, n!mel*, /1 the "e!th of the !%(en"!nt obli#e" tore%ere !n" / the %ri!l, !t the time of hi% "e!th, of rel!tie% &ithin the thir""e#ree belon#in# to the line from &hi(h the propert* (!me+ he Cort h!% hel" in(onne(tion &ith thi% m!tter th!t the re%eri%t! h!% the le#!l title !n" "ominion to there%er!ble propert* bt %b5e(t to ! re%oltor* (on"ition; th!t he i% lie ! life%fr(t!r* of the re%er!ble propert*; th!t he m!* !lien!te the %!me bt %b5e(t tore%er!tion, %!i" !lien!tion tr!n%mittin# onl* the reo(!ble !n" (on"ition!l o&ner%hipof the re%eri%t%, the ri#ht% !(ire" b* the tr!n%feree bein# reoe" or re%ole" b*the %ri!l of re%er!t!rio% !t the time of the "e!th of the re%eri%t!+

 he %!le m!"e b* An"re! @t!n# in f!or of !ppellee% &!%, therefore, %b5e(t to the(on"ition th!t the en"ee% &ol" "efinitel* !(ire o&ner%hip, b* irte of the

!lien!tion, onl* if the en"or "ie" &ithot bein# %rie" b* !n* per%on entitle" to there%er!ble propert*+ In!%m(h m(h !% &hen An"re! @t!n# "ie", Cipri!n! 3!e%o&!% %till !lie, the (on(l%ion be(ome% ine%(!p!ble th!t the preio% %!le m!"e b*the former in f!or of !ppell!nt% be(!me of no le#!l effe(t !n" the re%er!blepropert* %b5e(t m!tter thereof p!%%e" in e'(l%ie o&ner%hip to Cipri!n!+On the other h!n", it i% !l%o (le!r th!t the %!le e'e(te" b* the %i%ter% P!lin! !n"Cipri!n! 3!e%o in f!or of the %po%e% Fi"el E%p!r(i! !n" P!lin! Siene% &!% %b5e(tto ! %imil!r re%oltor* (on"ition+ he re%ere in%titte" b* l!& in f!or of the heir%&ithin the thir" "e#ree belon#in# to the line from &hi(h the re%er!ble propert*(!me, (on%titte% ! re!l ri#ht &hi(h the re%eree m!* !lien!te !n" "i%po%e of, !lbeit(on"ition!ll*, the (on"ition bein# th!t the !lien!tion %h!ll tr!n%fer o&ner%hip to theen"ee onl* if !n" &hen the re%eree %rie% the per%on obli#e" to re%ere+ In thepre%ent (!%e, Cipri!n! 3!e%o, one of the re%eree%, &!% %till !lie &hen An"re!@t!n#, the per%on obli#e" to re%ere, "ie"+ h% the former be(!me the !b%olteo&ner of the re%er!ble propert* pon An"re!$% "e!th+ 2hile it m!* be tre th!t the

%!le m!"e b* her !n" her %i%ter prior to thi% eent, be(!me effe(tie be(!%e of theo((rren(e of the re%oltor* (on"ition, &e !re not no& in ! po%ition to reer%e the

!ppe!le" "e(i%ion, in %o f!r !% it or"er% the reer%ion of the propert* in e%tion tothe E%t!te of Cipri!n! 3!e%o, be(!%e the en"ee% L the E%p!r(i! %po%e% "i" L not!ppe!l therefrom+

FL-#NT!N- v FL-#NT!N-40 PBI 4=0

 O>>ES; Noember 1, 1919

NAT"#Appe!l from !n or"er of the Cort of Fir%t In%t!n(e of Ilo(o% Sr

FACTS- Apolonio )r+H% fir%t m!rri!#e to Antoni! pro"(e" nine (hil"ren+ Antoni! "ie" %oApolonio (ontr!(te" ! %e(on" m!rri!#e &ith Seerin! &ith &hom he h!" t&o (hil"ren.er(e% !n" Apolonio III+- Ot of ApolonioH% (hil"ren b* Antoni!, three rem!ine" nm!rrie" ntil theirre%pe(tie "e!th%+ he petitioner% in thi% (!%e !re the %riin# (hil"ren of ApolonioH%(hil"ren b* Antoni! !lon# &ith the heir% of ApolonioH% other m!rrie" (hil"ren &ho h!"%in(e "ie"+- Apolonio "ie" on Febr!r* 1, 1=90, %rie" b* hi% &in"o& Seerin! !n" hi% ten(hil"ren+ Bi% %e(on" (hil" Apolonio III b* Seerin! &!% born !fter hi% "e!th+- On )!n!r* 17 !n" Febr!r* 1, 1=90, Apolonio I%!belo Florentino e'e(te" ! &illbefore the not!r* pbli( of Ilo(o% Sr, in%tittin# !% hi% nier%!l heir% hi% ten (hil"ren,hi% &i"o& Seerin! !n" hi% *et nborn %on Apolonio III+ Be "e(l!re" th!t hi% proper*%hol" be "ii"e" e!ll* !mon# hi% (hil"ren+- Amon# the propertie% re(eie" b* Apolonio III &ere the propertie% m!re" A, 8, C, <,E !n" F+ Apolonio III "ie" in 1=91 !n" hi% mother %((ee"e" to !ll hi% propert*"e%(ribe" in the (ompl!int+ 2hen Seerin! "ie", %he left ! &ill "e%i#n!tin# her"!#hter .er(e"e% !% the nier%!l heire%%+- .er(e"e% too po%%e%%ion of her motherH% propert*, in(l"in# the propertie% m!re"A to F &hi(h Seerin! inherite" from her %on+ .er(e"e% h!" been #!therin# the frit%of the %!i" propertie% for her%elf+#etitioners$ Claims:- he (ompl!in!nt% !r#e th!t the* %hol" e!(h be entitle" to 1G7 of the frit% of the%!i" propertie% on the #ron" th!t Seerin! inherite" the propert* from her %onApolonio III !% re%er!ble propert*+ he propertie% then p!%%e" on to her "!#hter.er(e"e% &ho &!% the formerH% for(e" heire%%+- he (ompl!in!nt% !mi(!bl* !%e" .er(e"e% for their (orre%pon"in# %h!re bt.er(e"e% h!% ref%e" to #ie them their !lle#e" portion+Responent$s Comments:- he (!%e of !(tion i% b!%e" on the obli#!tion of the &i"o& to re%ere the propert*%he inherite" from her "e(e!%e" %on &ho, in trn, inherite" the propert* from i% f!therApolonio )r+- he ob5e(t of the CC !rti(le% on re%er!tion /then A=11 !n" no& A=91 in the NCC i%to !oi" he tr!n%fer of %!i" re%er!ble propert* to tho%e e'tr!neo% to the f!mil* ofthe ori#in!l o&ner+- Sin(e the propert* p!%%e" on to .er(e"e%, ! le#itim!te "!#hter of Apolonio )r+ !n"hi% %e(on" &ife Seerin!, it (!nnot be %!i" th!t the propert* p!%%e" on to %tr!n#er%+- 2hile in the po%%e%%ion of Seerin!, the propert* h!" (e!%e" to be(ome re%er!blebe(!%e Seerin! l!&fll* inherite" the propert* in e%tion !n" .er(e"e%, bein#Seerin!H% heir, h!" !(ire" the ri#ht to the %!i" propert*+- .er(e"e% Florentino i% ! for(e" heire%% of her mother %o there i% no propert*re%ere" for the pl!intiff% %in(e there i% ! for(e" heire%% entitle" to the propert* left b*

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SUCCESSION A2010 page 45

the "e!th of the &i"o& Seerin! &ho neer rem!rrie"+- he CFI 5"#e !b%ole" .er(e"e% from the (ompl!int+

!SS"#2ON the propert* in e%tion i% re%er!ble propert*

$#LD

 3ESRatio An* !%(en"!nt &ho inherit% from hi% "e%(en"!nt !n* propert*, &hile there !reliin#, &ithin the thir" "e#ree, rel!tie% of the l!tter, i% nothin# bt ! life %fr(t!r*or ! fi"(i!r* of the re%er!ble propert* re(eie"+ Be i%, ho&eer, the le#itim!teo&ner of hi% o&n propert* &hi(h i% not re%er!ble, propert* !n" &hi(h (on%titte% hi%le#itime+ 8t if, !fter&!r"%, !ll of the rel!tie%, &ithin the thir" "e#ree, of the"e%(en"!nt /from &hom (!me the re%er!ble propert* "ie or "i%!ppe!r, the %!i"propert* be(ome% free propert*, b* oper!tion of l!&, !n" i% thereb* (onerte" intothe le#itime of the !%(en"!nt heir &ho (!n tr!n%mit it !t hi% "e!th to hi% le#itim!te%((e%%or% or te%t!ment!r* heir%+ hi% propert* h!% no& lo%t it% n!tre of re%er!blepropert*, pert!inin# thereto !t the "e!th of the rel!tie%, (!lle" re%er!t!rio%, &hobelon#e" &ithin the thir" "e#ree to the line from &hi(h %(h propert* (!me+Reasoning- Een if Seerin! left in her &ill %!i" propert*, to#ether &ith her o&n, to her onl*"!#hter !n" for(e" heire%%, .er(e"e% Florentino, neerthele%% thi% propert* h!" not

lo%t it% re%er!ble n!tre in!%m(h !% it ori#in!te" from the (ommon !n(e%tor of theliti#!nt%, Apolonio )r+- he ri#ht of the ne!re%t rel!tie, (!lle" re%er!t!rio, oer the propert* &hi(h there%eri%t! /per%on hol"in# it %b5e(t to re%er!tion %hol" retrn to him, e'(l"e%th!t of the one more remote+ he ri#ht of repre%ent!tion (!nnot be !lle#e" &hen theone (l!imin# %!me !% ! re%er!t!rio of the re%er!ble propert* i% not !mon# therel!tie% &ithin the thir" "e#ree belon#in# to the line from &hi(h %(h propert* (!mefrom+- Neerthele%% there i% ri#ht of repre%ent!tion on the p!rt of re%er!t!rio% &ho !re&ithin the thir" "e#ree, mentione" b* l!&, !% in the (!%e of nephe&% of the "e(e!%e"per%on from &hom the re%er!ble propert* (!me+ he%e re%er!t!rio% h!e the ri#htto repre%ent their !%(en"!nt% /f!ther% !n" mother% &ho !re the brother% of the %!i""e(e!%e" per%on !n" rel!tie% &ithin the thir" "e#ree+- In thi% (!%e it i% (on(e"e" &ithot "eni!l b* "efen"!nt%, th!t the pl!intiff% !re thele#itim!te (hil"ren of the fir%t m!rri!#e of the "e(e!%e" Apolonio )r+ to Antoni!+ here

!re then %een Dre%er!t!rio%D &ho !re entitle" to the re%er!ble propert* left !t the"e!th of Apolonio III En(!rn!(ion, @!briel, .!#"!len!; hi% three (hil"ren, )o%e,E%pirit! !n" Pe"ro &ho !re repre%ente" b* their o&n t&ele (hil"ren re%pe(tiel*; !n".er(e"e% Florentino, hi% "!#hter b* ! %e(on" m!rri!#e+

5AD"A v BALD-1!N-@+>+ No+ -11960

>E3ES; <e(ember 7, 19=

NAT"#Appe!l from or"er of CFI !#n!

FACTS- A#%tin P!"r! (ontr!(te" t&o m!rri!#e% "rin# hi% lifetime+ 2ith hi% fir%t &ife@er!(i! !n"i#, he h!" one (hil", .!nel P!"r!+ 2ith the %e(on" &ife, 8enit!@!rin#, he h!" t&o (hil"ren, Fortn!to !n" C!n"el!ri! P!"r!+

- A#%tin "ie" on Apr 6, 190=, le!in# ! l!%t &ill !n" te%t!ment, "l* prob!te",&herein he bee!the" hi% propertie% !mon# hi% three (hil"ren !n" hi% %riin#%po%e, 8enit! @!rin#+- Fortn!to &!% !"5"i(!te" for p!r(el% of l!n"+ Be "ie" nm!rrie" on .!* =, 190=,&ithot h!in# e'e(te" ! &ill; !n" not h!in# !n* i%%e, the p!r(el% of l!n" &ereinherite" e'(l%iel* b* hi% mother 8enit!+- 8enit! &!% i%%e" ! orren% Certifi(!te of itle in her n!me, %b5e(t to the (on"ition

th!t the propertie% &ere re%er!ble in f!or of rel!tie% &ithin the thir" "e#reebelon#in# to the line from &hi(h %!i" propert* (!me+- On A# 6, 194, C!n"el!ri! "ie", le!in# !% her heir% her for le#itim!te (hil"renCri%tet!, .el!ni!, Ani(i!, !n" P!blo 8!l"oino /Oppo%itor%-!ppell!nt%- On O(t 6, 1940, .!nel !l%o "ie", %rie" b* hi% le#itim!te (hil"ren <ioni%i!, Feli%!,Flor!, Cornelio, Fr!n(i%(o, )!n!, !n" Seerino P!"r! /Petitioner%-!ppellee%- :pon the "e!th of 8enit! /the re%eri%t! on O(t 1, 19, the heir% too po%%e%%ionof the re%er!ble propertie%+ CFI !#n! "e(l!re" the (hil"ren of .!nel !n"C!n"el!ri! to be the ri#htfl re%eree%, !n" !% %(h, entitle" to the re%er!blepropertie% /the ori#in!l re%eree%, C!n"el!ri! !n" .!nel, h!in# pre"e(e!%e" there%eri%t!- he 8!l"oino heir% file" ! petition %eein# to h!e the propertie% p!rtitione", %(hth!t one-h!lf be !"5"i(!te" to them, !n" the other h!lf to the !ppellee%, !lle#e"l* onthe b!%i% th!t the* inherite" b* ri#ht of repre%ent!tion from their re%pe(tie p!rent%,the ori#in!l re%eree%+

- P!"r! heir% oppo%e", m!int!inin# th!t the* %hol" !ll be "eeme" !% inheritin# intheir o&n ri#ht, n"er &hi(h, the* (l!im, e!(h %hol" h!e !n e!l %h!re+/In e%%en(e, the 8!l"oino heir%, &ho !re &hole bloo" rel!tie% of the re%eri%t!, &ere(onten"in# th!t the* %hol" #et more th!n their h!lf-bloo" rel!tie%, the P!"r! heir%+

 he* !n(hor their (l!im on Arti(le% 1006 !n" 100= of the Ciil Co"e- tri!l (ort "e(l!re" !ll the re%eree%, &ithot "i%tin(tion, (o-o&ner%, pro-in"ii%o, ine!l %h!re% of the p!r(el% of l!n"+

!SS"#2ON the re%ere" propertie% %hol", !% the tri!l (ort hel", be !pportione" !mon#the heir% e!ll*+

$#LDNO+

 he nephe&% of the &hole bloo" %hol" t!e ! %h!re t&i(e !% l!r#e !% th!t of the

nephe&% of the h!lf bloo"+- he re%er! tron(!l i% ! %pe(i!l rle "e%i#ne" prim!ril* to !%%re the retrn of there%er!ble propert* to the thir" "e#ree rel!tie% belon#in# to the line from &hi(h thepropert* ori#in!ll* (!me, !n" !oi" it% bein# "i%%ip!te" into !n" b* the rel!tie% ofthe inheritin# !%(en"!nt /re%eri%t!+ Arti(le =91 of the Co"e proi"e%

 A)T FD+. The ascendant who inherits "rom his descendant any property which thelatter may ha%e acuired by gratuitous title "rom another ascendant or a brotheror sister is obliged to reser%e such property as he may ha%e acuired byoperation o" law "or the bene"it o" relati%es who are within the third degree andwho belong to the line "rom which said property came.

- the prpo%e of the re%er! tron(!l i% !((ompli%he" on(e the propert* h!% "eole"to the %pe(ifie" rel!tie% of the line of ori#in+ 8t from thi% time on, there i% no frthero((!%ion for it% !ppli(!tion+ In the rel!tion% bet&een one re%er!t!rio !n" !nother ofthe %!me "e#ree, there i% no (!ll for !ppl*in# Art =91 !n* lon#er; the re%pe(tie %h!reof e!(h in the reer%ion!r* propert* %hol" be #oerne" b* the or"in!r* rle% of

inter%t!te %((e%%ion+

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- Florentino Florentino /!% re%t!te" in the (!%e pon the "e!th of the !%(en"!ntre%eri%t!, the re%er!ble propert* %hol" p!%%, not to !ll the re%er!torio% !% ! (l!%%,bt onl* to tho%e ne!re%t in "e#ree to the "e%(en"!nt /prepo%it%, e'(l"in# tho%ere%er!t!rio% of more remote "e#ree+++ An" &ithin the thir" "e#ree of rel!tion%hipfrom the "e%(en"!nt /prepo%it%, the ri#ht of repre%ent!tion oper!te% in f!or ofnephe&%+- Pro'imit* of "e#ree !n" ri#ht of repre%ent!tion !re b!%i( prin(iple% of or"in!r*inte%t!te %((e%%ion; %o i% the rle th!t &hole bloo" brother% !n" nephe&% !reentitle" to %h!re "oble th!t of brother% !n" nephe&% of h!lf-bloo"+ If in "eterminin#the ri#ht% of the re%er!t!rio% inter %e, pro'imit* of "e#ree !n" the ri#ht ofrepre%ent!tion of nephe&% !re m!"e to !pl*, the rle of "oble %h!re for imme"!ite(oll!ter!l% of the &hole bloo" %hol" lie&i%e be oper!tie+- in other &or"%, re%er! tron(!l merel* "etermine% the #rop of rel!tie%/re%er!t!rio% to &hom the propert* %hol" be retrne"; bt &ithin th!t #rop, thein"ii"!l ri#ht to the propert* %hol" be "e(i"e" b* the !ppli(!ble rle% of or"in!r*inte%t!te %((e%%ion, %in(e Art =91 "oe% not %pe(if* other&i%e+ he re%er! bein# !ne'(eption!l (!%e, it% !ppli(!tion %hol" be limite" to &h!t i% %tri(tl* nee"e" to!((ompli%h the prpo%e of the l!&+- een "rin# the re%eri%t!H% lifetime, the re%er!t!rio%, &ho !re the ltim!te!(irer% of the propert*, (!n !lre!"* !%%ert the ri#ht to preent the re%eri%t! from"oin# !n*thin# th!t mi#ht fr%tr!te their reer%ion!r* ri#ht !n" for thi% prpo%e the*(!n (ompel the !nnot!tion of their ri#ht in the >e#i%tr* of Propert* een &hile the

re%eri%t! i% !lie+ hi% ri#ht i% in(omp!tible &ith the mere e'pe(t!n(* th!t(orre%pon"% to the n!tr!l heir% of the re%eri%t!+ It i% !l%o (le!r th!t the re%er!blepropert* i% not p!rt of the e%t!te of the re%eri%t!, &ho m!* not "i%po%e of them b*&ill, %o lon# !% there !re re%er!t!rio% e'i%tin#+ he l!tter, therefore, "o not inheritfrom the re%eri%t!, bt from the "e%(en"!nt prepo%it%, of &hom the re%er!t!rio%!re the heir% morti% (!%!, %b5e(t to the (on"ition th!t the* m%t %rie there%eri%t!+

C$"A v CF! S"SANA D# LA T-#E7= SC>A 406

.A>IN; A#%t 1, 1977

NAT"#Petition for reie& of the "e(i%ion of CFI &hi(h "i%mi%%e" the (ompl!int of petitioner%

FACTS- It !ppe!r% th!t in the fir%t m!rri!#e of )o%e Fri!% Ch! &ith P!tri(i! S+ .ilit!r !li!% S*io he %ire" three (hil"ren, n!mel* I#n!(io, oren?o !n" .!nel+ 2hen P!tri(i!"ie", )o%e Fri!% Ch! (ontr!(te" ! %e(on" m!rri!#e &ith Con%ol!(ion "e l! orre &ith&hom he h!" ! (hil" b* the n!me of )!nit! Fri!% Ch!+- .!nel "ie" &ithot le!in# !n* i%%e+- hen in 199, )o%e "ie" inte%t!te le!in# hi% &i"o& Con%ol!(ion !n" hi% %on )!nitoof the %e(on" m!rri!#e !n" %on% I#n!(io !n" oren?o of hi% fir%t m!rri!#e+- In the Inte%t!te Pro(ee"in#, the lo&er (ort i%%e" !n or"er !"5"i(!tin#, !mon#other%, the one-h!lf portion of ot No+ 99 !n" the %m of P=,000+00 in f!or of )o%e$%&i"o&, Con%ol!(ion, the other h!lf of ot No+ 99 in f!or of )!nito; P,000+00 inf!or of oren?e; !n" P1,0+00 in f!or of I#n!(io+ 8* irte of %!i" !"5"i(!tion, !

 C &!% i%%e" b* the >e#i%ter of <ee"% in the n!me% of Con%ol!(ion !n" )!nito+- On Feb+7, 19, )!nito "ie" inte%t!te &ithot !n* i%%e+ After hi% "e!th, hi% motherCon%ol!(ion %((ee"e" to hi% pro-in"ii%io %h!re of ot No+ 99+ In ! &ee$% time,Con%ol!(ion e'e(te" ! "e(l!r!tion of heir%hip !"5"i(!tin# in her f!or the pro-

in"ii%o %h!re of her %on )!nito !% ! re%lt of &hi(h ! C (oerin# the &hole lot &!%i%%e" in her n!me+ hen on .!r(h , 1966, Con%ol!(ion "ie" inte%t!te le!in# no"ire(t heir either in the "e%(en"in# or !%(en"in# line e'(ept her brother !n" %i%ter%+- In the DInte%t!te E%t!te of Con%ol!(ion "e l! orreD, the petitioner% herein, I#n!(io, ofthe fir%t m!rri!#e !n" <omin!"or !n" >eme"io% Ch!, the %ppo%e" le#itim!te(hil"ren of the "e(e!%e" oren?o Ch!, !l%o of the fir%t m!rri!#e file" the (ompl!intbefore the re%pon"ent CFI of Ne#ro% O((i"ent!l, pr!*in# th!t the one-h!lf portion ofot No+ 99 &hi(h formerl* belon#e" to )!nito bt &hi(h p!%%e" to Con%ol!(ion ponthe l!tter$% "e!th, be "e(l!re" !% ! re%er!ble propert* for the re!%on th!t the lot ine%tion &!% %b5e(t to re%er!l tron(!l pr%!nt to Arti(le 9=1 of the NCC+- the re%pon"ent Cort ren"ere" ! "e(i%ion "i%mi%%in# the (ompl!int of petitioner+

!SS"#2ON the propert* in e%tion &!% !(ire" b* )!nito Fri!% Ch! from hi% f!ther )o%eFri!% Ch! #r!tito%l* or not+ /In rel!tion to the fir%t rei%ite of re%er! tron(!l

$#LD 3ES+Ratio In Cabardo %. Killanue%a, Dhe tr!n%mi%%ion i% #r!tito% or b* #r!tito% title&hen the re(ipient "oe% not #ie !n*thin# in retrn+D It m!tter% not &hether thepropert* tr!n%mitte" be or be not %b5e(t to !n* prior (h!r#e%; &h!t i% e%%enti!l i%th!t the tr!n%mi%%ion be m!"e #r!tito%l*, or b* !n !(t of mere liber!lit* of the

per%on m!in# it, &ithot impo%in# !n* obli#!tion on the p!rt of the re(ipient; !n"th!t the per%on re(eiin# the propert* #ie% or "oe% nothin# in retrn; or, !% !bl* ptb* !n eminent Filipino (omment!tor, Dthe e%%enti!l thin# i% th!t the per%on &hotr!n%mit% it "oe% %o #r!tito%l*, from pre #enero%it*, &ithot reirin# from thetr!n%feree !n* pre%t!tion+D It i% ei"ent from the re(or" th!t the tr!n%mi%%ion of thepropert* in e%tion to )!nito Fri!% Ch! pon the "e!th of hi% f!ther )o%e Fri!% Ch!&!% b* me!n% of ! here"it!r* %((e%%ion !n" therefore #r!tito%+

 he obli#!tion of p!*in# the St!n"!r" Oil Co+ of Ne& 3or the !mont of P,971+0 i%impo%e" pon Con%ol!(ion !n" )!nito not per%on!ll* b* the "e(e!%e" )o%e in hi% l!%t&ill !n" te%t!ment bt b* !n or"er of the (ort in the e%t!te Pro(ee"in#+ A% lon# !%the tr!n%mi%%ion of the propert* to the heir% i% free from !n* (on"ition impo%e" b* the"e(e!%e" him%elf !n" the propert* i% #ien ot of pre #enero%it*, it i% #r!tito%+ It"oe% not m!tter if l!ter the (ort or"er% one of the heir%, in thi% (!%e )!nito, to p!*the St!n"!r" Oil Co+ hi% "oe% not (h!n#e the #r!tito% n!tre of the tr!n%mi%%ion ofthe propert* to him+ hi% bein# the (!%e the lot in e%tion i% %b5e(t to re%er!

tron(!l n"er Art, =91+easoning- he pertinent proi%ion of re%er! tron(!l proi"e%A>+ =91+ he !%(en"!nt &ho inherit% from hi% "e%(en"!nt !n* propert* &hi(h thel!tter m!* h!e !(ire" b* #r!tito% title from !nother !%(en"!nt, or ! brother or%i%ter, i% obli#e" to re%ere %(h propert* !% he m!* h!e !(ire" b* oper!tion ofl!& for the benefit of rel!tie% &ho !re &ithin the thir" "e#ree !n" belon# to the linefrom &hi(h %!i" propert* (!me+- In or"er th!t ! propert* m!* be impre%%e" &ith ! re%er!ble (h!r!(ter the follo&in#rei%ite% m%t e'i%t /1 th!t the propert* &!% !(ire" b* ! "e%(en"!nt from !n!%(en"!nt or from ! brother or %i%ter b* #r!tito% title; / th!t %!i" "e%(en"!nt "ie"&ithot !n i%%e; / th!t the propert* i% inherite" b* !nother !%(en"!nt b* oper!tionof l!&; !n" /4 th!t there !re rel!tie% &ithin the thir" "e#ree belon#in# to the linefrom &hi(h %!i" propert* (!me+- In thi% (!%e, !ll of the fore#oin# rei%ite% !re pre%ent+ )!nito "ie" inte%t!te; he "ie"

&ithot le!in# !n* i%%e; hi% pro-in"ii%o of 1G %h!re of ot No+ 99 &!% !(ire" b*hi% mother; )!nito &ho "ie" inte%t!te h!" rel!tie% &ithin the thir" "e#ree+ he%e

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rel!tie% !re I#n!(io !n" <omin!"or !n" >emi"io%, the %ppo%e" le#itim!te (hil"renof the "e(e!%e" oren?o, &ho !re the petitioner% herein+

G-N.AL#. v CF! -F 3AN!LA 8 104 SC>A 161

A:INO

NAT"#8e!tri? e#!r"! @on?!le? !ppe!le" from the "e(i%ion of the Cort of Fir%t In%t!n(e of.!nil!, "i%mi%%in# her (ompl!int for p!rtition, !((ontin#, re(one*!n(e !n" "!m!#e%!n" hol"in#, !% not %b5e(t to re%er! tron(!l, the propertie% &hi(h her motherFilomen! >o(e% inherite" in 194 from Filomen! e#!r"!

FACTS8enito e#!r"! * <e l! P!?, the %on of 8enito e#!r"! * !%on, "ie" in .!nil! on )ne17, 19+ Be &!% %rie" b* hi% &i"o&, Filomen! >o(e%, !n" their %een (hil"renfor "!#hter% n!me" 8e!tri?, >o%!rio, ere%! !n" Filomen! !n" three %on% n!me"8enito, Ale5!n"ro !n" )o%e+On )l* 1, 199, the re!l propertie% left b* 8enito e#!r"! * !%on &ere p!rtitione"in three e!l portion% b* hi% "!#hter%, Con%elo !n" >it!, !n" the heir% of hi%"e(e!%e" %on 8enito e#!r"! * <e l! P!? &ho &ere repre%ente" b* 8enito F+ e#!r"!+Filomen! e#!r"! * >o(e% "ie" inte%t!te !n" &ithot i%%e on .!r(h 19, 194+ Ber%ole heire%% &!% her mother, Filomen! >o(e% V"!+ "e e#!r"!+.r%+ e#!r"! e'e(te" on .!* 1, 1947 !n !ffi"!it !"5"i(!tin# e'tr!5"i(i!ll* toher%elf the propertie% &hi(h %he inherite" from her "e(e!%e" "!#hter, Filomen!e#!r"!+ A% ! re%lt of the !ffi"!it of !"5"i(!tion, Filomen! >o(e% %((ee"e" her"e(e!%e" "!#hter Filomen! e#!r"! !% (o-o&ner of the propertie% hel" proin"ii%ob* her other %i' (hil"ren+.r%+ e#!r"! on .!r(h 6, 19 e'e(te" t&o h!n"-&ritten i"enti(!l "o(ment%&herein %he "i%po%e" of the propertie%, &hi(h %he inherite" from her "!#hter, inf!or of the (hil"ren of her %on%, 8enito, Ale5!n"ro !n" )o%e /%i'teen #r!n"(hil"ren in!ll+<rin# the perio" from )l*, 19= to Febr!r*, 199 .r%+ e#!r"! !n" her %i'%riin# (hil"ren p!rtitione" the propertie% (on%i%tin# of the one-thir" %h!re in thee%t!te of 8enito e#!r"! * !%on &hi(h the (hil"ren inherite" in repre%ent!tion oftheir f!ther, 8enito e#!r"! * <e l! P!?+.r%+ e#!r"! "ie" on September , 1967+ Ber &ill &!% !"mitte" to prob!te !% !holo#r!phi( &ill in the or"er "!te" )l* 16, 196= of the Cort of Fir%t In%t!n(e of.!nil! in Spe(i!l Pro(ee"in# No+ 70=7=, e%t!te E%t!te of Filomen! >o(e% V"!+ "ee#!r"!+In the te%t!te pro(ee"in#, 8e!tri? e#!r"! @on?!le?, ! "!#hter of the te%t!tri', file"on .!* 0, 196= a motion to ex%lde from the inventory of her mother@sestate the +ro+erties whi%h she inherited from her de%eased daghter,Filomena, on the grond that said +ro+erties are reservable +ro+ertieswhi%h shold be inherited by Filomena Legarda@s three sisters and threebrothers and not by the %hildren of Benito, Ale?andro and ;ose, all srnamedLegarda& h!t motion &!% oppo%e" b* the !"mini%tr!tor, 8enito F+ e#!r"!+2ithot !&!itin# the re%oltion on th!t motion, .r%+ @on?!le? file" on )ne 0, 196=!n or"in!r* (iil !(tion !#!in%t her brother%, %i%ter%, nephe&% !n" nie(e% !n" hermother$% e%t!te for the prpo%e of %e(rin# ! "e(l!r!tion th!t the %!i" propertie% !rere%er!ble propertie% &hi(h .r%+ e#!r"! (ol" not bee!th in her holo#r!phi( &ill to

9 >ESE>VA >ONCA IS BE .OS <IFFIC: S:CCESSION OPIC AN< <EAI SPECIFIC, BENCE BE EN@B OF BIS <I@ES+

her #r!n"(hil"ren to the e'(l%ion of her three "!#hter% !n" her three %on% /See P!?%+ .!"ri#!l, 100 Phil+ 10=+

 he lo&er (ort "i%mi%%e" the !(tion of .r%+ @on?!le?+ I

!SS"#S1+ 2hether the "i%pte" propertie% !re re%er!ble propertie% n"er !rti(le =91

of the Ciil Co"e, formerl* !rti(le =11+

+ 2hether Filomen! >o(e% V"!+ "e e#!r"! (ol" "i%po%e of them in her &ill inf!or of her #r!n"(hil"ren to the e'(l%ion of her %i' (hil"ren+

$#LD6& 4#SAT!-

 he propertie% in e%tion &ere in"bit!bl* re%er!ble propertie% in the h!n"% of .r%+e#!r"!+ :n"obte"l*, %he &!% ! re%eror+ he re%er!tion be(!me ! (ert!int* &hen!t the time of her "e!th the re%eree% or rel!tie% &ithin the thir" "e#ree of theprepo%it% Filomen! e#!r"! &ere liin# or the* %rie" .r%+ e#!r"!#AS-N!NGA% &ill herein!fter be %ho&n th!t i% not ! noel i%%e or ! e%tion of fir%t impre%%ion+It &!% re%ole" in Florentino %+ Florentino, 40 Phil+ 4=0+ it m!* be %efl to m!e !brief "i%(or%e on the n!tre of re%er! tron(!l, !l%o (!lle" lineal, familiar,

extraordinaria o semiItron%al&.(h time, effort !n" ener#* &ere %pent b* the p!rtie% in their fie brief% in"e%(!ntin# on the n!tre of re%er! tron(!l, &hi(h to#ether &ith the re%er! i"!l!n" reer%ion le#!l, &!% !boli%he" b* the Co"e Commi%%ion to preent the "e(e"ent$%e%t!te from bein# ent!ile", to elimin!te the n(ert!int* in o&ner%hip (!%e" b* there%er!tion /&hi(h n(ert!int* impe"e% the improement of the re%er!ble propert*!n" to "i%(or!#e the (onfinement of propert* &ithin ! (ert!in f!mil* for #ener!tion%&hi(h %it!tion !lle#e"l* le!"% to e(onomi( oli#!r(h* !n" i% in(omp!tible &ith the%o(i!li?!tion of o&ner%hip+

 he Co"e Commi%%ion re#!r"e" the re%er!% !% remn!nt% of fe"!li%m &hi(hfomente" !#r!ri!n nre%t+ .oreoer, the re%er!%, in%of!r !% the* pen!li?e le#itim!terel!tion%hip, i% (on%i"ere" n5%t !n" ineit!ble+Bo&eer, the l!&m!in# bo"*, not !#reein# entirel* &ith the Co"e Commi%%ion,re%tore" the re%er! tron(!l, ! le#!l in%tittion &hi(h, !((or"in# to .!nre%! !n"C!%t!n obeR!%, h!% prooe" e%tion% !n" "obt% th!t !re "iffi(lt to re%ole+

>e%er! tron(!l i% proi"e" for in !rti(le =11 of the Sp!ni%h Ciil Co"e, no& !rti(le=91, &hi(h re!"%DA>+ =91+ he !%(en"!nt &ho inherit% from hi% "e%(en"!nt !n* propert* &hi(h thel!tter m!* h!e !(ire" b* #r!tito% title from !nother !%(en"!nt, or ! brother or%i%ter, i% obli#e" to re%ere %(h propert* !% he m!* h!e !(ire" b* oper!tion ofl!& for the benefit of rel!tie% &ho !re &ithin the thir" "e#ree !n" &ho belon# to theline from &hi(h %!i" propert* (!me+ D!N #S#1A T-NCAL,6 ! "e%(en"!nt inherite" or !(ire" b* #r!tito% title propert* from !n !%(en"!ntor from ! brother or %i%ter;/ the %!me propert* i% inherite" b* !nother !%(en"!nt or i% !(ire" b* him b*oper!tion of l!& from the %!i" "e%(en"!nt, !n"/ the %!i" !%(en"!nt %hol" re%ere the %!i" propert* for the benefit of rel!tie%&ho !re &ithin the thir" "e#ree from the "e(e!%e" "e%(en"!nt / prepo%it% !n" &hobelon# to the line from &hi(h the %!i" propert* (!me+

S-, T$## TANS3!SS!-NS A# !N1-L1#D

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SUCCESSION A2010 page 48

1 ! fir%t tr!n%mi%%ion b* l(r!tie title /inherit!n(e or "on!tion from !n !%(en"!nt orbrother or %i%ter to the "e(e!%e" "e%(en"!nt;/ ! po%terior tr!n%mi%%ion, b* oper!tion of l!& /inte%t!te %((e%%ion or le#itimefrom the "e(e!%e" "e%(en"!nt /(!%!nte "e l! re%er! in f!or of !nother !%(en"!nt,the re%eror or re%eri%t!, &hi(h t&o tr!n%mi%%ion% pre(e"e the re%er!tion, !n"/ ! thir" tr!n%mi%%ion of the %!me propert* /in (on%een(e of the re%er!tion fromthe re%eror to the re%eree% /re%er!t!rio% or the rel!tie% &ithin the thir" "e#reefrom the "e(e!%e" "e%(en"!nt belon#in# to the line of the fir%t !%(en"!nt, brother or%i%ter of the "e(e!%e" "e%(en"!nt /6 C!%t!n obeR!%, <ere(ho Ciil, P!rt I, 1960, 6thE"+, pp+ 19=-9+If there !re onl* t&o tr!n%mi%%ion% there i% no re%er!+T$# 5#S-NS !N1-L1#D !N #S#1A T-NCAL A# /1 the !%(en"!nt or brother or %i%ter from &hom the propert* &!% re(eie" b* the"e%(en"!nt b* l(r!tie or #r!tito% title,/ the "e%(en"!nt or prepo%it% / propo%it% &ho re(eie" the propert*,/ the re%eror /re%eri%t!, the other !%(en"!nt &ho obt!ine" the propert* from theprepo%it% b* oper!tion of l!& !n"/4 the re%eree /re%er!t!rio &ho i% &ithin the thir" "e#ree from the prepo%it% !n"&ho belon#% to the line /line! o tron(o from &hi(h the propert* (!me !n" for &homthe propert* %hol" be re%ere" b* the re%eror+

 he re%eree% m!* be h!lf-brother% !n" %i%ter% />o"ri#e? %+ >o"ri#e?, 101 Phil+109=; Ch! %+ Cort of Fir%t In%t!n(e of Ne#ro% O((i"ent!l, -9901, A#%t 1,1977, 7= SC>A 41+ Forth "e#ree rel!tie% !re not in(l"e" /)!r"in %+ Vill!m!*or,7 Phil+ 9+!LL"STAT!-N 6An ill%tr!tion of re%er! tron(!l i% fon" in E"ro%o %+ S!bl!n, Phil+ 9+ In th!t(!%e, Pe"ro S!bl!n inherite" t&o p!r(el% of l!n" from hi% f!ther Vi(tori!no+ Pe"ro "ie"in 190, %in#le !n" &ithot i%%e+ Bi% mother, .!r(elin! E"ro%o, inherite" from himthe t&o p!r(el% of l!n"+It &!% hel" th!t the l!n" &!% re%er!ble propert* in the h!n"% of .!r(elin!+ here%eree% &ere P!blo S!bl!n !n" 8!%ilio S!bl!n, the p!tern!l n(le% of Pe"ro S!bl!n,the prepo%it%+ .!r(elin! (ol" re#i%ter the l!n" n"er the orren% %*%tem in hern!me bt the f!(t th!t the l!n" &!% reservable +ro+erty in favor of her twobrothersIinIlaw, shold they srvive her, shold be noted in the title&!LL"STAT!-N 'In !nother (!%e, it !ppe!r% th!t .!ri! A#libot "ie" inte%t!te in 1906+ Ber one-h!lf%h!re of ! p!r(el of (on5#!l l!n" &!% inherite" b* her "!#hter, )li!n! .!R!l!(+

2hen )li!n! "ie" inte%t!te in 190, %!i" one-h!lf %h!re &!% inherite" b* her f!ther,An!(leto .!R!l!( &ho o&ne" the other one-h!lf portion+An!(leto "ie" inte%t!te in 194, %rie" b* hi% %e(on" &ife !n" their %i' (hil"ren+ It&!% hel" th!t the %!i" one-h!lf portion &!% re%er!ble propert* in the h!n"% ofAn!(leto .!R!l!( !n", pon hi% "e!th, %hol" be inherite" b* eon! A#libot !n"E!ri%t! A#libot, %i%ter% of .!ri! !n" m!tern!l !nt% of )li!n! .!R!l!(, &ho belon#e"to the line from &hi(h %!i" one-h!lf portion (!me /A#libot %+ .!R!l!(, 114 Phil+ 964+

 he per%on from &hom the "e#ree %hol" be re(one" i% the "e%(en"!nt, or the one!t the en" of the line from &hi(h the propert* (!me !n" pon &hom the propert* l!%treole" b* "e%(ent+ Be i% (!lle" the prepo%it% /C!b!r"o %+ Vill!ne!, 44 Phil+ 1=6,190+Fir%t (o%in% of the prepo%it% !re in the forth "e#ree !n" !re not re%eree%+ he*(!nnot een repre%ent their p!rent% be(!%e repre%ent!tion i% (onfine" to rel!tie%&ithin the thir" "e#ree /Florentino %+ Florentino, 40 Phil+ 4=0+2ithin the thir" "e#ree, the ne!re%t rel!tie% e'(l"e the more remote %b5e(t to the

rle of repre%ent!tion+ 8t the repre%ent!tie %hol" be &ithin the thir" "e#ree fromthe prepo%it% /P!"r! %+ 8!l"oino, 104 Phil+ 106+

>e%er! tron(!l (ontempl!te% le#itim!te rel!tion%hip+ Ille#itim!te rel!tion%hip !n"rel!tion%hip b* !ffinit* !re e'(l"e"+@r!tito% title or titlo l(r!tio refer% to ! tr!n%mi%%ion &herein the re(ipient #ie%nothin# in retrn %(h !% "on!tion !n" %((e%%ion /C!b!r"o %+ Vill!ne!, 44 Phil+1=6-1=9-190, (itin# 6 .!nre%!, Co"i#o Ciil, 7th E"+, 191, p+ 60+T$# #S#1A C#AT#S T0- #S-L"T-4 C-ND!T!-NS, n!mel*,/1 the "e!th of the !%(en"!nt obli#e" to re%ere !n"/ the %ri!l, !t the time of hi% "e!th, of rel!tie% &ithin the thir" "e#ree belon#in#to the line from &hi(h the propert* (!me /Siene% %+ E%p!r(i!, 111 Phil+ 49, +

 he re%eror h!% the le#!l title !n" "ominion to the re%er!ble propert* bt %b5e(t tothe re%oltor* (on"ition th!t %(h title i% e'tin#i%he" if the re%eror pre"e(e!%e" there%eree+ he re%eror i% ! %fr(t!r* of the re%er!ble propert*+ Be m!* !lien!te it%b5e(t to the re%er!tion+ he tr!n%feree #et% the reo(!ble !n" (on"ition!lo&ner%hip of the re%eror+ he tr!n%feree$% ri#ht% !re reoe" pon the %ri!l of there%eree% !t the time of the "e!th of the re%eror bt be(ome in"efe!%ible &hen there%eree% pre"e(e!%e the re%eror+ /Siene% %+ E%p!r(i!, 111 Phil+ 49, ; E"ro%o%+ S!bl!n, Phil+ 9; n%o" %+ Orte#!, 46 Phil+ 664; Florentino %+ Florentino, 40Phil+ 4=0; <ire(tor of !n"% %+ A#!%, 6 Phil+ 79+

 he re%eror$% title h!% been (omp!re" &ith th!t of the en"ee ! retro in ! p!(to "eretro %!le or to ! fi"ei(omi%o (on"i(ion!l+

 he re%eror$% !lien!tion of the re%er!ble propert* i% %b5e(t to ! re%oltor*(on"ition, me!nin# th!t if !t the time of the re%eror$% "e!th, there !re re%eree%, thetr!n%feree of the propert* %hol" "elier it to the re%eree%+ If there !re no re%eree%!t the time of the re%eror$% "e!th, the tr!n%feree$% title &ol" be(ome !b%olte/n%o" %+ Orte#!, 46 Phil+ 664; @e(o %+ !(%on, 11= Phil+ 944; Nono %+ Nei!, 9Phil+ 10+On the other h!n", the re%eree h!% onl* !n in(ho!te, e'pe(t!nt or (ontin#ent ri#ht+Bi% e'pe(t!nt ri#ht &ol" "i%!ppe!r if he pre"e(e!%e" the re%eror+ It &ol" be(ome!b%olte %hol" the re%eror pre"e(e!%e the re%eree+

 he re%eree (!nnot imp#n !n* (one*!n(e m!"e b* the re%eror bt he (!n reireth!t the re%er!ble (h!r!(ter of the propert* be re(o#ni?e" b* the pr(h!%er />io%!%+ >o(h!, 4= Phil+ 77; E"ro%o %+ S!bl!n, Phil+ 9, 1-; @e(o %+ !(%on, 11=Phil+ 944+

 here i% ! hol"in# th!t the renn(i!tion of the re%eree$% ri#ht to the re%er!blepropert* i% ille#!l for bein# ! (ontr!(t re#!r"in# ftre inherit!n(e /Vel!*o 8ern!r"o%+ Sio5o, = Phil+ =9, 96+An" there i% ! "i(tm th!t the re%eree$% ri#ht i% ! re!l ri#ht &hi(h he m!* !lien!te

!n" "i%po%e of (on"ition!ll*+ he (on"ition i% th!t the !lien!tion %h!ll tr!n%fero&ner%hip to the en"ee onl* if !n" &hen the re%eree %rie% the re%eror /Siene%%+ E%p!r(i!, 111 Phil+ 49, +Dhe re%er!t!rio re(eie% the propert* !% ! (on"ition!l heir of the "e%(en"!nt/ prepo%it%, %!i" propert* merel* reertin# to the line of ori#in from &hi(h it h!"tempor!ril* !n" !((i"ent!ll* %tr!*e" "rin# the re%eri%t!$% lifetime+ he !thoritie%!re !ll !#ree" th!t there bein# re%er!t!rio% th!t %rie the re%eri%t!, the l!tterm%t be "eeme" to h!e en5o*e" no more th!n ! life intere%t in the re%er!blepropert*+D /)+ )+8++ >e*e% in C!no %+ <ire(tor of !n"%, 10 Phil+ 1, +DEen "rin# the re%eri%t!$% lifetime, the re%er!t!rio%, &ho !re the ltim!te!(irer% of the propert*, (!n !lre!"* !%%ert the ri#ht to preent the re%eri%t! from"oin# !n*thin# th!t mi#ht fr%tr!te their reer%ion!r* ri#ht, !n", for thi% prpo%e, the*(!n (ompel the !nnot!tion of their ri#ht in the re#i%tr* of propert* een &hile there%eri%t! i% !lieD /e* Bipote(!ri! "e :ltr!m!r, Art%+ 16=, 199; E"ro%o %+ S!bl!n, Phil+ 9+

T$!S !G$T !S !NC-35AT!BL# 0!T$ T$# 3## #:5#CTANC4 T$ATC-#S5-NDS T- T$# NAT"AL $#!S -F T$# #S#1!STA+ It i% lie&i%e (le!r

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SUCCESSION A2010 page 49

th!t the re%er!ble propert* i% no p!rt of the e%t!te of the re%eri%t! &ho m!* not"i%po%e of them /it b* &ill, %o lon# !% there !re re%er!t!rio% e'i%tin# /Arro*o %+@eron!, = Phil+ 6, 7+Dhe l!tter, therefore, "o not inherit from the re%eri%t! bt from the "e%(en"!ntprepo%it%, of &hom the re%er!t!rio% !re the heir% morti% (!%!, %b5e(t to the(on"ition th!t the* m%t %rie the re%eri%t!+D /S!n(he? >om!n, Vol+ VI, omo , p+=6; .!nre%!, Comment!rie%, Vol+ 6, 6th E"+, pp+ 74, 10, (ite" b* )+ )+8++ >e*e% inP!"r! %+ 8!l"oino, -11960, <e(ember 7, 19=, 104 Phil+ 106+Ben(e, pon the re%eri%t!$% "e!th, the re%er!t!rio ne!re%t to the prepo%it%be(ome%, D!tom!ti(!ll* !n" b* oper!tion of l!&, the o&ner of the re%er!blepropert*+D /C!no %+ <ire(tor of !n"%, 10 Phil+ 1, +

'& N-AT!-2e hol" th!t .r%+ e#!r"! (ol" not (one* in her holo#r!phi( &ill to her %i'teen#r!n"(hil"ren the re%er!ble propertie% &hi(h %he h!" inherite" from her "!#hterFilomen! be(!%e the re%er!ble propertie% "i" not form p!rt of her e%t!te /C!b!r"o%+ Vill!ne!, 44 Phil+ 1=6, 191+ he re%eror (!nnot m!e ! "i%po%ition morti%(!%! of the re%er!ble propertie% !% lon# !% the re%eree% %rie" the re%eror+A% repe!te"l* hel" in the C!no !n" P!"r! (!%e%, the re%eree% inherit the re%er!blepropertie% from the prepo%it%, not from the re%eror+Arti(le =91 (le!rl* in"i(!te% th!t the re%er!ble propertie% %hol" be inherite" b* !llthe ne!re%t rel!tie% &ithin the thir" "e#ree from the prepo%it% &ho in thi% (!%e !rethe %i' (hil"ren of .r%+ e#!r"!+ She (ol" not %ele(t the re%eree% to &hom there%er!ble propert* %hol" be #ien !n" "eprie the other re%eree% of their %h!retherein+

 o !llo& the re%eror in thi% (!%e to m!e ! te%t!ment!r* "i%po%ition of the re%er!blepropertie% in f!or of the re%eree% in the thir" "e#ree !n", (on%eentl*, to i#norethe re%eree% in the %e(on" "e#ree &ol" be ! #l!rin# iol!tion of !rti(le =91+ h!tte%t!ment!r* "i%po%ition (!nnot be !llo&e"+#AS-N!NG2e h!e %t!te" e!rlier th!t thi% (!%e i% #oerne" b* the "o(trine of Florentino %+Florentino, 40 Phil+ 4=0, ! %imil!r (!%e, &here it &!% rle"D>e%er!ble propert* left, thro#h ! &ill or other&i%e, b* the "e!th of !%(en"!nt/re%eri%t! to#ether &ith hi% o&n propert* in f!or of !nother of hi% "e%(en"!nt% !%for(e" heir, form% no p!rt of the l!tter$% l!&fl inherit!n(e nor of the le#itime, for there!%on th!t, !% %!i" propert* (ontine" to be re%er!ble, the heir re(eiin# the %!me

!% !n inherit!n(e from hi% !%(en"!nt h!% the %tri(t obli#!tion of it% "elier* to therel!tie%, &ithin the thir" "e#ree, of the pre"e(e%%or in intere%t / prepo%it%, &ithotpre5"i(in# the ri#ht of the heir to !n !liot p!rt of the propert*, if he h!% !t the%!me time the ri#ht of ! re%er!t!rioD /re%eree+"nder the rle of stare de%isis et non ieta movere, we are bond to followin this %ase the do%trine of the Florentino %ase+ h!t "o(trine me!n% th!t !%lon# !% "rin# the re%eror$% lifetime !n" pon hi% "e!th there !re rel!tie% &ithin thethir" "e#ree of the prepo%it%, re#!r"le%% of &hether tho%e re%eree% !re (ommon"e%(en"!nt% of the re%eror !n" the !%(en"!nt from &hom the propert* (!me, thepropert* ret!in% it% re%er!ble (h!r!(ter+ he propert* %hol" #o to the ne!re%tre%eree%+ he re%eror (!nnot, b* me!n% of hi% &ill, (hoo%e the re%eree to &homthe re%er!ble propert* %hol" be !&!r"e"+It i% (onten"e" b* the !ppellee% herein th!t the propertie% in e%tion !re notre%er!ble propertie% be(!%e onl* rel!tie% &ithin the thir" "e#ree from the p!tern!lline h!e %rie" !n" th!t &hen .r%+ e#!r"! &ille" the %!i" propertie% to her

%i'teen #r!n"(hil"ren, &ho !re thir"-"e#ree rel!tie% of Filomen! e#!r"! &ho belon#to the p!tern!l line, the re!%on for the re%er! tron(!l h!% been %!ti%fie" Dto preent

per%on% ot%i"e ! f!mil* from %e(rin#, b* %ome %pe(i!l !((i"ent of life, propert* th!t&ol" other&i%e h!e rem!ine" therein+D

 h!t %!me (ontention &!% !"!n(e" in the Florentino (!%e &here the re%eror &ille"the re%er!ble propertie% to her "!#hter, ! fll-bloo" %i%ter of the prepo%it% !n"i#nore" the other %i' re%eror%, the rel!tie% of the h!lf-bloo" of the prepo%it%+In re5e(tin# th!t (ontention, thi% Cort hel" th!t the re%er!ble propert* bee!the"b* the re%eror to her "!#hter "oe% not form p!rt of the re%eror$% e%t!te nor of the"!#hter$% e%t!te bt %hol" be #ien to !ll the %een re%eree% or ne!re%t rel!tie%of the prepo%it% &ithin the thir" "e#ree+

 hi% Cort note" th!t, &hile it i% tre th!t b* #iin# the re%er!ble propert* to onl*one re%eree it "i" not p!%% into the h!n"% of %tr!n#er%, neerthele%%, it i% lie&i%etre th!t the heire%% of the re%eror &!% onl* one of the re%eree% !n" there i% nore!%on fon"e" pon l!& !n" 5%ti(e &h* the other re%eree% %hol" be "eprie" oftheir %h!re% in the re%er!ble propert* /pp+ =94-+Appl*in# th!t "o(trine to thi% (!%e, it re%lt% th!t .r%+ e#!r"! (ol" not "i%po%e of inher &ill the propertie% in e%tion een if the "i%po%ition i% in f!or of the rel!tie%&ithin the thir" "e#ree from Filomen! e#!r"!+ he %!i" propertie%, b* oper!tion of!rti(le =91, %hol" #o to .r%+ e#!r"!$% %i' (hil"ren !% re%eree% &ithin the %e(on""e#ree from Filomen! e#!r"!+

D# 5A5A v CA3AC$-@+>+ No+ -=0

NA>VASA; September 4, 19=6FACTS

 hi% (!%e, &hi(h inole% the !ppli(!tion of Arti(le =91 of the Ciil Co"e on re%er!tron(!l, &!% %bmitte" for 5"#ment in the lo&er (ort b* !ll the p!rtie% on !Stipl!tion of F!(t% !n" P!rti!l Compromi%e+-<efen"!nt <!li%!* <+ on#o-C!m!(ho !n" the Pl!intiff%, Fr!n(i%(o io(o "e P!p!,.!nel io(o !n" Ni(ol!% io(o, !re le#itim!te rel!tie%, pl!intiff% bein# %!i""efen"!nt$% #r!n"!nt !n" #r!n"n(le%+-he* h!e !% ! (ommon !n(e%tor the l!te 8!lbino io(o /&ho h!" ! %i%ter b* then!me of >om!n! io(o, f!ther of pl!intiff% !n" #re!t #r!n"f!ther of "efen"!nt+>om!n! io(o "rin# her lifetime #r!tito%l* "on!te" for /4 p!r(el% of l!n" to hernie(e oribi! io(o /le#itim!te %i%ter of pl!intiff%, &hi(h p!r(el% of l!n"+-oribi! io(o "ie" inte%t!te in l9l, %rie" b* her h%b!n", E%t!(io <i?on, !n" theirt&o le#itim!te (hil"ren, F!%tino <i?on !n" rini"!" <i?on /mother of "efen"!nt

<!li%!* <, on#o-C!m!(ho !n" le!in# the !fore-mentione" for /4 p!r(el% of l!n"!% the inherit!n(e of her %!i" t&o (hil"ren in e!l pro-in"ii%o %h!re%+-In 19=, 8!lbino io(o "ie" inte%t!te, %rie" b* hi% le#itim!te (hil"ren b* hi% &ife.!r(i!n! Feli' /!mon# them pl!intiff% !n" le#itim!te #r!n"(hil"ren F!%tino <i?on!n" rini"!" <i?on+ In the p!rtition of hi% e%t!te, three / p!r(el% of l!n" &ere!"5"i(!te" !% the inherit!n(e of the l!te oribi! io(o, bt !% %he h!" pre"e(e!%e"her f!ther, 8!lbino io(o, the %!i" three / p!r(el% of l!n" "eole" pon her t&ole#itim!te (hil"ren F!%tino <i?on !n" rini"!" <i?on in e!l pro-in"ii%o %h!re%+-In 197, F!%tino <i?on "ie" inte%t!te, %in#le !n" &ithot i%%e, le!in# hi% one-h!lf/1G pro-in"ii%o %h!re in the %een /7 p!r(el% of l!n" !boe-mentione" to hi% f!ther,E%t!(io <i?on, !% hi% %ole inte%t!te heir, &ho re(eie" the %!i" propert* %b5e(t to !re%er! tron(!l &hi(h &!% %b%eentl* !nnot!te" on the r!n%fer Certifi(!te%-In 199 rini"!" <i?on-on#o "ie" inte%t!te, !n" her ri#ht% !n" intere%t% in thep!r(el% of l!n" !boementione" &ere inherite" b* her onl* le#itim!te (hil", "efen"!nt<!li%!* <+ on#o-C!m!(ho, %b5e(t to the %fr(t!r* ri#ht of her %riin#

h%b!n", "efen"!nt Primo on#o+

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SUCCESSION A2010 page 50

-he* %tipl!te th!t on )ne 14, 196, E%t!(io <i?on "ie" inte%t!te, %rie" hi% onl*le#itim!te "e%(en"!nt, "efen"!nt <!li%!* <+ on#o-C!m!(ho+-he p!rtie% !#ree th!t "efen"!nt <!li%!* <+ on#o-C!m!(ho no& o&n% one-h!lf/1G of !ll the %een /7 p!r(el% of l!n" !boementione" !% her inherit!n(e from hermother, rini"!" <i?on-on#o+- <efen"!nt <!li%!* <+ on#o-C!m!(ho !l%o (l!im%, pon le#!l !"i(e, the other h!lfof the %!i" %een /7 p!r(el% of l!n" !boementione" b* irte of the re%er! tron(!limpo%e" thereon pon the "e!th of F!%tino <i?on !n" n"er the l!&% on inte%t!te%((e%%ion; bt the pl!intiff%, !l%o pon le#!l !"i(e, oppo%e her %!i" (l!im be(!%ethe* (l!im three-forth% /G4 of the one-h!lf pro-in"ii%o intere%t in %!i" p!r(el ofl!n", &hi(h intere%t &!% inherite" b* E%t!(io <i?on from F!%tino <i?on, or three-ei#ht% /G= of the %!i" p!r(el% of l!n", b* irte of their bein# !l%o thir" "e#reerel!tie% of F!%tino <i?on+

 he p!rtie% !#ree" to %bmit for 5"i(i!l "etermin!tion the le#!l i%%e of &hether"efen"!nt <!li%!* <+ on#o-C!m!(ho i% entitle" to the &hole of the %een /7 p!r(el%of l!n" in e%tion, or &hether the pl!intiff%, !% thir" "e#ree rel!tie% of F!%tino<i?on !re re%er!t!rio% /to#ether &ith %!i" "efen"!nt of the one-h!lf pro-in"ii%o%h!re therein &hi(h &!% inherite" b* E%t!(io <i?on from hi% %on F!%tino <i?on, !n"entitle" to three-forth% /G4 of %!i" one-h!lf pro-in"ii%o %h!re, or three ei#ht% /G=of %!i" %een /7 p!r(el% of l!n", !n", therefore, to three-ei#ht% /G= of the rent!l%(olle(te" !n" to be (olle(te" b* "efen"!nt <!li%!* P+ on#o C!m!(ho from theten!nt% of %!i" p!r(el% of l!n", min% the e'pen%e% !n"Gor re!l e%t!te t!'e%(orre%pon"in# to pl!intiff%$ %h!re in the rent!l%+-On the b!%i% thereof, the lo&er Cort "e(l!re" the pl!intiff% Fr!n(i%(o io(o, .!nel

 io(o !n" Ni(ol!% io(o, !% &ell !% the "efen"!nt <!li%!* on#o-C!m!(ho, entitle",!% re%er!t!rio%, to one-h!lf of the %een p!r(el% of l!n" in "i%pte, in e!lproportion%Not %!ti%fie", the "efen"!nt !ppe!le" to thi% Cort+

!SS"#2ON !ll rel!tie% of the pr!epo%it% &ithin the thir" "e#ree in the !ppropri!te line%((ee" &ithot "i%tin(tion to the re%er!ble propert* pon the "e!th of there%eri%t!, !% %eem% to be impli(it in Art+ =91 10 of the Ciil Co"e, /or 2ON the ri#ht%of %!i" rel!tie% !re %b5e(t to, !n" %hol" be "etermine" b*, the rle% on inte%t!te%((e%%ion

$#LD

No&In, &here the re%er!t!rio &!% %rie" b* eleen nephe&% !n" nie(e% of thepr!epo%it% in the line of ori#in, for of &hole bloo" !n" %een of h!lf bloo", !n" the(l!im &!% !l%o m!"e th!t !ll eleen &ere entitle" to the reer%ion!r* propert* ine!l %h!re%+ hi% Cort, %pe!in# thro#h .r+ )%ti(e )+8++ >e*e%, "e(l!re" theprin(iple% of inte%t!(* to be (ontrollin#, !n" rle" th!t the nephe&% !n" nie(e% of&hole bloo" &ere e!(h entitle" to ! %h!re "oble th!t of e!(h of the nephe&% !n"nie(e% of h!lf bloo" in !((or"!n(e &ith Arti(le 1006 of the Ciil Co"e+ S!i" the Cort

10 Art+ =91+ he !%(en"!nt &ho inherit% from hi% "e%(en"!nt !n* propert* &hi(h the l!tter m!* h!e !(ire" b*

#r!tito% title from !nother !%(en"!nt, or ! brother or %i%ter, i% obli#e" to re%ere %(h propert* !% he m!* h!e!(ire" b* oper!tion of l!& for the benefit of rel!tie% &ho !re &ithin the thir" "e#ree !n" &ho belon# to the linefrom &hi(h %!i" propert* (!me+ /=11,

Xhe i%%e in thi% !ppe!l m!* be forml!te" !% follo&% In ! (!%e of re%er! tron(!l,&here the onl* re%er!t!rio% /re%eree% %riin# the re%eri%t!, !n" belon#in# to thefine of ori#in, !re nephe&% of the "e%(en"!nt /prepo%it%, bt %ome !re nephe&% ofthe h!lf bloo" !n" the other% !re nephe&% of the &hole bloo", %hol" the re%ere"propertie% be !pportione" !mon# them e!ll*, or %hol" the nephe&% of the &holebloo" t!e ! %h!re t&i(e !% l!r#e !% th!t of the nephe&% of the h!lf bloo"J ++++here%er! tron(!l i% ! %pe(i!l rle "e%i#ne" prim!ril* to !%%re the retrn of there%er!ble propert* to the thir" "e#ree rel!tie% belon#in# to the line from &hi(h thepropert* ori#in!ll* (!me, !n" !oi" it% bein# "i%%ip!te" into !n" b* the rel!tie% ofthe inheritin# !%(en"!nt /re%eri%t!+he %t!te" prpo%e of the re%er! i%!((ompli%he" on(e the propert* h!% "eole" to the %pe(ifie" rel!tie% of the line ofori#in+ 8t from thi% time on, there i% no frther o((!%ion for it% !ppli(!tion+ In therel!tion% bet&een one re%er!t!rio !n" !nother of the %!me "e#ree there i% no (!ll for!ppl*in# Art+ =91 !n* lon#er; &herefore, the re%pe(tie %h!re of e!(h in thereer%ion!r* propert* %hol" be #oerne" b* the or"in!r* rle% of inte%t!te%((e%%ion+ In thi% %pirit the 5ri%pr"en(e of thi% Cort !n" th!t of Sp!in h!% re%ole"th!t pon the "e!th of the !%(en"!nt re%eri%t!, the re%er!ble propert* %hol" p!%%,not to !ll the re%er!t!rio% !% ! (l!%% bt onl* to tho%e ne!re%t in "e#ree to the"e%(en"!nt /prepo%it%, e'(l"in# tho%e re%er!t!rio% of more remote "e#ree/Florentino %+ Florentino, 40 Phil+ 4=9-490; +S+ = No+ 1=94; <ir+ @en+ "e lo%>e#i%tro%, >e%ol+ 0 .!r(h 190+ An" &ithin the thir" "e#ree of rel!tion%hip from the"e%(en"!nt /prepo%it%, the ri#ht of repre%ent!tion oper!te% in f!or of nephe&%/Florentino %+ Florentino, %pr!+Follo&in# the or"er pre%(ribe" b* l!& in le#itim!te %((e%%ion &hen there !rerel!tie% of the "e%(en"!nt &ithin the thir" "e#ree, the ri#ht of the ne!re%t rel!tie,(!lle" re%er!t!rio% oer the propert* &hi(h the re%eri%t! /per%on hol"in# it %b5e(tto re%er!tion %hol" retrn to him, e'(l"e% th!t of the one more remote+ he ri#htof repre%ent!tion (!nnot be !lle#e" &hen the one (l!imin# %!me !% ! re%er!t!rio ofthe re%er!ble propert* i% not !mon# the rel!tie% &ithin the thir" "e#ree belon#in#to the line from &hi(h %(h propert* (!me, in!%m(h !% the ri#ht #r!nte" b* the CiilCo"e in Arti(le =11 i% in the hi#he%t "e#ree per%on!l !n" for the e'(l%ie benefit of"e%i#n!te" per%on% &ho !re &ithin the thir" "e#ree of the per%on from &hom there%er!ble propert* (!me+ herefore, rel!tie% of the forth !n" the %((ee"in#"e#ree% (!n neer be (on%i"ere" !% re%er!t!rio%, %in(e the l!& "oe% not re(o#ni?ethem !% %(h+-In %pite of &h!t h!% been %!i" rel!tie to the ri#ht of repre%ent!tion on the p!rt ofone !lle#in# hi% ri#ht !% re%er!t!rio &ho i% not &ithin the thir" "e#ree of rel!tion%hip,neerthele%% there i% ri#ht of repre%ent!tion on the p!rt of re%er!t!rio% &ho !re&ithin the thir" "e#ree mentione" b* l!&, !% in the (!%e of nephe&% of the "e(e!%e"per%on from &hom the re%er!ble propert* (!me+ +++ + /Florentino %+ Florentino, 40Phil+ 4=0, 4=9-490 Pro'imit* of "e#ree !n" ri#ht of repre%ent!tion !re b!%i( prin(iple%of or"in!r* inte%t!te %((e%%ion; %o i% the rle th!t &hole bloo" brother% !n" nephe&%!re entitle" to ! %h!re "oble th!t of brother% !n" nephe&% of h!lf bloo"+ If in"eterminin# the ri#ht% of the re%er!t!rio% inter %e, pro'imit* of "e#ree !n" the ri#htof repre%ent!tion of nephe&% !re m!"e to !ppl*, the rle of "oble %h!re forimme"i!te (oll!ter!l% of the &hole bloo" %hol" be lie&i%e oper!tie+-In other &or"%, the re%er! tron(!l merel* "etermine% the #rop of rel!tie%re%er!t!rio% to &hom the propert* %hol" be retrne"; bt &ithin th!t #rop, thein"ii"!l ri#ht to the propert* %hol" be "e(i"e" b* the !ppli(!ble rle% of or"in!r*inte%t!te %((e%%ion, %in(e Art+ =91 "oe% not %pe(if* other&i%e+ hi% (on(l%ion i%%tren#thene" b* the (ir(m%t!n(e th!t the re%er! bein# !n e'(eption!l (!%e, it%!ppli(!tion %hol" be limite" to &h!t i% %tri(tl* nee"e" to !((ompli%h the prpo%e of

the l!&+

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Ieversion of the reservable +ro+erty being governed by the rles onintestate s%%ession, the +laintiffsIa++ellees mst be held withot any rightthereto be%ase, as ant and n%les, res+e%tively, of Fastino DiOon the+rae+ositsE, they are ex%lded from the s%%ession by his nie%e, thedefendantIa++ellant, althogh they are related to him within the samedegree as the latter&  o thi% effe(t i% Abell!n! %+ Ferr!ri% &here Art%+ 100111,10041 1001 !n" 100914 of the Ciil Co"e &ere (ite" !n" !pplie"XNeerthele%%, the tri!l (ort &!% (orre(t &hen it hel" th!t, in (!%e of inte%t!(*nephe&% !n" nie(e% of the "e (5% e'(l"e !ll other (oll!ter!l% /!nt% !n" n(le%,fir%t (o%in%, et(+ from the %((e%%ion+ hi% i% re!"il* !pp!rent from Arti(le% 1001 1,1004, 1610017 !n" 10091= of the Ciil Co"e of the Philippine%+, th!t proi"e !% follo&%"nder the arti%le 6HH8, the absen%e of brothers, sisters, ne+hews and nie%esof the de%edent is a +re%ondition to the other %ollaterals n%les, %osins,et%&E being %alled to the s%%ession&IThis %on%lsion is fortified by the observation, also made in 5adra, s+ra,that as to the reservable +ro+erty, the reservatarios do not inherit from thereservista, bt from the des%endant +rae+ositsJ+++ + It i% lie&i%e (le!r th!t the re%er!ble propert* i% no p!rt of the e%t!te of there%eri%t!, &ho m!* not "i%po%e of it b* &ill, !% lon# !% there !re re%er!t!rio%e'i%tin# /Arro*o %+ @eron!, = Phil+ 7+ he l!tter, therefore, "o not inherit from there%eri%t!, bt from the "e%(en"!nt prepo%it%, of &hom the re%er!t!rio% !re theheir% morti% (!%!, %b5e(t to the (on"ition th!t the* m%t %rie the re%eri%t!+/S!n(he? >om!n, Vol+ VI, omo , p+ =6; .!nre%!, Comment!rie%, Vol+ 6, 6th E"+, pp+74, 10 +++ +B!" the reer%ion!r* propert* p!%%e" "ire(tl* from the pr!epo%it%, there i% no "obtth!t the pl!intiff%-!ppellee% &ol" h!e been e'(l"e" b* the "efen"!nt-!ppell!ntn"er the rle% of inte%t!te %((e%%ion+ here i% no re!%on &h* ! "ifferent re%lt%hol" obt!in %impl* be(!%e Dthe r!n%mi%%ion of the propert* &!% "el!*e" b* theinterre#nm of the re%er!;D i+e+, the propert* too ! D"etorD thro#h !n !%(en"!nt-thereb* #iin# ri%e to the re%er!tion before it% tr!n%mi%%ion to the re%er!t!rio+

S"3A4A v !AC BALANTA/B-E01 SC>A 17=

.E<IA<EA; September , 1991

NAT"#Petition for reie& on (ertior!ri "e(i%ion of IAC !ffirmin# "e(i%ion of CFI

FACTS

11 Art+ 1001+ Shol" brother% !n" %i%ter% or their (hil"ren %rie &ith the &i"o& or &i"o&er, the l!tter %h!ll be

entitle to one-h!lf of the inherit!n(e !n" the brother% !n" %i%ter% or their (hil"ren to the other h!lf+12

 Art+ 1004+ Shol" the onl* %rior% be brother% !n" %i%ter% of the fll bloo", the* %h!ll inherit in e!l %h!re%

13 Art + 100+ Shol" brother% !n" %i%ter% %rie to#ether &ith nephe&% !n" nie(e% &ho !re the (hil"ren of the

"e(e"ent$% brother% !n" %i%ter% of the fll bloo", the former %h!ll inherit per (!pit!, !n" the l!tter per %tirpe%+14

 Art+ 1009+ Shol" there be neither brother% nor %i%ter%, nor (hil"ren of brother% !n" %i%ter%, the other (oll!ter!lrel!tie% %h!ll %((ee" to the e%t!te+

1

16

17

1=

- >!l 8!l!nt!bo inherite" 1G intere%t pro-in"ii%o of ! lot in ili& from hi% f!ther,!n" 1G7 intere%t pro-in"ii%o in 10 p!r(el% of l!n" from hi% m!tern!l #r!n"mother+>!l then "ie" inte%t!te, le!in# hi% mother Con%elo )o!in V"!+ <e 8!l!nt!bo !%hi% %ole %riin# heir+- Con%elo then !"5"i(!te" nto her%elf the propertie% in !n !ffi"!it then%b%eentl* %ol" the %!me to .!riit! Sm!*! &ho in trn %ol" them to Vill!Bonorio <eHt Corp+ &ho in trn %ol" them to A#ro-In"%tri!l Co(ont Cooper!tie /thepre%ent po%%e%%or% of the propertie%+- Con%elo then "ie"+ he brother% in fll bloo" of >!l, !n" hi% nie(e !n" nephe&%from ! "e!" brother then file" %it% to re(oer the propertie% &hi(h &ere %ol" b*Con%elo, !r#in# th!t the %!me propertie% &ere %b5e(t to ! re%er! tron(!l in theirf!or- he* (l!im th!t %in(e there &!% no !nnot!tion in the title, the* %hol" be tre!te" !%inno(ent pr(h!%er% in #oo" f!ith !n" for !le, th% the* m!* not be %trippe" of thepropertie%+- >C rle" in f!or of 8!l!nt!bo (l!n, !n" or"ere" the po%%e%%or of the propertie% to(one* the %!me to the 8!l!nt!bo%+ It %!i" th!t the re#i%tr!tion of !n !ffi"!it of the%elf-!"5"i(!tion of the e%t!te of >!l, &herein it &!% (le!rl* %t!te" th!t the propertie%&ere inherite" from >!lH% f!ther !n" m!tern!l #r!n"mother, &!% in it% form,"e(l!r!tion, !n" %b%t!n(e, ! re(or"in# in the >e#i%tr* of <ee"% of the re%er!ble(h!r!(ter of the propertie%+Note

Propo%it%

 >!l>e%eri%t!G >e%eror Con%elo

!SS"#1+ 2ON the re#i%tr!tion of the !ffi"!it of %elf-!"5"i(!tion oper!te" !% !n !nnot!tionto the title to the propertie%+ 2ON the pr(h!%er% (!n be hel" !% inno(ent pr(h!%er% in #oo" f!ith

$#LD1+ 3ESRatio Reasoning It &!% !"mitte" th!t the (ertifi(!te% of title% (oerin# the propertie% ine%tion %ho& th!t the* &ere free from !n* lien% !n" en(mbr!n(e% !t the time ofthe %!le+ he f!(t rem!in% ho&eer, th!t the !ffi"!it of %elf-!"5"i(!tion e'e(te" b*

Con%elo %t!tin# the %or(e of the propertie% thereb* %ho&in# the re%er!ble n!trethereof &!% re#i%tere" &ith the >e#i%ter of <ee"% of !#n!, !n" thi% i% %ffi(ientnoti(e to the &hole &orl" in !((or"!n(e &ith Se(tion of the Propert* >e#i%tr!tion<e(ree /formerl* Se(+ 1 of >+A+ 496 &hi(h proi"e%Se(+ + C1ST)?CT(KE 1T(CE ?51 )E(ST)AT(1+ Eer* (one*!n(e, mort#!#e,le!%e, lien !tt!(hment, or"er, 5"#ment, in%trment or entr* !ffe(tin# re#i%tere" l!n"%h!ll, if re#i%tere", file" or entere" in the Offi(e of the >e#i%ter of <ee"% for theproin(e or (it* &here the l!n" to &hi(h it rel!te% lie%, be (on%tr(tie noti(e to !llper%on% from the time of %(h re#i%terin#, filin# or enterin#+- @!tio!n @!ff" ?nder the rule o" notice it is presumed that the purchaser hase!amined e%ery instrument o" record a""ecting the title+  Such presumption isirrebuttable+ Be i% (h!r#e" &ith noti(e of eer* f!(t %ho&n b* the re(or" !n" i%pre%me" to no& eer* f!(t &hi(h !n e'!min!tion of the re(or" &ol" h!e"i%(lo%e"+ hi% pre%mption (!nnot be oer(ome b* proof of inno(en(e or #oo" f!ith+X S(h pre%mption (!nnot be "efe!te" b* proof of &!nt of no&le"#e of &h!t the

re(or" (ont!in% !n* more th!n one m!* be permitte" to %ho& th!t he &!% i#nor!nt of

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SUCCESSION A2010 page 52

the proi%ion% of the l!&+ he rle th!t !ll per%on% m%t t!e noti(e of the f!(t% &hi(hthe pbli( re(or" (ont!in% i% ! rle of l!&+- !ffi"!it of %elf !"5"i(!tion e'e(te" b* Con%elo &hi(h (ont!ine" ! %t!tement th!tthe propert* &!% inherite" from ! "e%(en"!nt, >!l, &hi(h h!% lie&i%e inherite" b*the l!tter from !nother !%(en"!nt, &!% re#i%tere" &ith the >e#i%tr* of Propert*+ hef!ilre of the >e#i%ter of <ee"% to !nnot!te the re%er!ble (h!r!(ter of the propert* inthe (ertifi(!te of title (!nnot be !ttribte" to Con%elo++ NORatio h!t the propertie% &ere %b5e(t to re%er! tron(!l &!% m!"e !pp!rent b* the!ffi"!it of %elf-!"5"i(!tion !n" "ee" of %!le &hereb* Con%elo e'pli(itl* %t!te" th!t%he inherite" the%e propertie% from her %on &ho in trn inherite" from hi% f!ther+ S(hf!(t oper!te% !% (on%tr(tie noti(e to the b*er%, th% preentin# them from bein#inno(ent pr(h!%er% in #oo" f!ith+Reasoning Art+ =91+ he !%(en"!nt &ho inherit% from hi% "e%(en"!nt !n* propert*&hi(h the l!tter m!* h!e !(ire" b* #r!tito% title from !nother !%(en"!nt or !brother or %i%ter, i% obliged to reser%e %(h propert* !% he m!* h!e !(ire" b*oper!tion of l!& for the benefit of rel!tie% &ho !re &ithin the thir" "e#ree !n" &hobelon# to the line from &hi(h %!i" propert* (!me+- he obli#!tion to re%ere re%t% pon the re%eror, Con%elo+- <ir+ Of !n"% A#!% /obiter in th!t (!%e he re%er!ble (h!r!(ter of ! propert* i%bt ! re%oltor* (on"ition of the !%(en"!nt re%eror$% ri#ht of o&ner%hip+ If the(on"ition i% flfille", th!t i%, if pon the !%(en"!nt re%eror$% "e!th there !re rel!tie%h!in# the %t!t% proi"e" in Arti(le /=91, the propert* p!%%e%, in !((or"!n(e &iththi% %pe(i!l or"er of %((e%%ion, to %!i" rel!tie%, or to the ne!re%t of in !mon#them++++ 8t if thi% (on"ition i% not flfille", the propert* i% rele!%e" !n" &ill be!"5"i(!te" in !((or"!n(e &ith the re#l!r or"er of %((e%%ion+ he flfillment or non-flfillment of the re%oltor* (on"ition, the effi(!(* or (e%%!tion of the re%er!tion, the!(i%ition of ri#ht% or lo%% of the e%te" one%, !re phenomen! &hi(h h!e nothin# to"o &ith &hether the re%er!tion h!% been note" or not in the (ertifi(!te of title to thepropert*+ The purpose o" the notation is nothing more than to a""ord to the personsentitled to the reser%ation i" any due protection against any act o" the reser%orwhich may make it ine""ecti%e + + +- 2izon and 2izon % + alang, re%er!ble (h!r!(ter m!* be lo%t to inno(ent pr(h!%er%for !le+ he obli#!tion impo%e" on ! &i"o&e" %po%e to !nnot!te the re%er!ble(h!r!(ter of ! propert* %b5e(t of reser%a %iudal i% !ppli(!ble to reser%a troncal+ Sin(ethe%e p!r(el% of l!n" h!e been le#!ll* tr!n%ferre" to r" per%on%, Vi(ente @!l!n# h!%lo%t o&ner%hip thereof !n" (!nnot no& re#i%ter nor re(or" in the >e#i%tr* of <ee"%their re%er!ble (h!r!(terX- Con%i%tent &ith the rle in reser%a %iudal &here the per%on obli#e" to re%ere /the&i"o&e" %po%e h!" the obli#!tion to !nnot!te in the >e#i%tr* of Propert* there%er!ble (h!r!(ter of the propert*, in reser%a troncal, the re%eror /the !%(en"!nt&ho inherite" from ! "e%(en"!nt propert* &hi(h the l!tter inherite" from !nother"e%(en"!nt h!% the "t* to re%ere !n" therefore, the "t* to !nnot!te !l%o+- 5ri%pr"enti!l rle reirin# !nnot!tion in the >e#i%tr* of Propert* of the ri#htre%ere" in re!l propert* %b5e(t of reser%a %iudal in%of!r !% it i% !pplie" to reser%atroncal %t!*% "e%pite !bolition of reser%a %iudal in NCC- he propertie% inole" in thi% (!%e !re !lre!"* (oere" b* ! orren% title !n" nle%%the re#i%tr!tion of the limit!tion i% effe(te" /either !(t!l or (on%tr(tie, no thir"per%on% %h!ll be pre5"i(e" thereb*+

:1!!& #S#1A AD-5T!1A

BANA0A v 3!AN-

97 SC>A 17FE>NAN<EK; .!* 16, 19=0

NAT"#Petition for reie& b* (ertior!ri of CA "e(i%ion

FACTS- C!%i!no Amponin !n" hi% &ife @li(eri! Abreni(!, le#!ll* !"opte" "!#hter of one ofthe "e(e!%e" petitioner% !n" "onee of the C!r%(he propert*, repre%ent% the %po%e%8!n!&! !n" .en"o?! /be(!%e the* "ie" "rin# the pen"en(* of the (!%e+ .!ri!.ir!no /"e!" i% repre%ente" b* her ne!re%t rel!tie% !re Primiti! .ir!no, ! %riin#%i%ter, !n" @re#ori!, )!n! !n" .!r(i!no .ir!no, (hil"ren of ! "e(e!%e" brother- in 1911, .!ri! .ir!no, ! nie(e of !ppell!nt .en"o?!, !n" &ho &!% then !bot nine*e!r% ol", &!% t!en in b* the !ppell!nt%-%po%e%, 8!n!&! !n" .en"o?!, in thel!tter$% ho%e in !!l, 8!t!n#!%+ he %po%e% bein# (hil"le%%, tre!te" !n" re!re" herp lie their o&n (hil"+ he* hire" ! pri!te ttor to te!(h her the r"iment% ofre!"in#, &ritin# !n" !rithmeti(+ he* %pporte" her, #!e her mone*, (lothe% !n"een 5e&elr*+ .!ri! re(ipro(!te" their (!re !n" !ffe(tion b* helpin# &ith theho%ehol" (hore%+ he %po%e% opene" p ! %tore for #ener!l mer(h!n"i%e ine?on, from &hi(h the* "erie" (on%i"er!ble in(ome !n" &hi(h en!ble" them to!(ire %eer!l p!r(el% of l!n" / p!r(el% of %#!r l!n" in !!l, 8!t!n#!% - !ba

5ro+erty and Cars%he +ro+erty- Iba #ropert%  /onl* in (ontention !% to reer%ion !"opti! &!% ori#in!ll* o&ne" b*Pl!(i"o Pn?!l!n !n" !(ire" b* the %po%e% thro#h ! "ee" of %!le (ont!ine" in !pbli( in%trment %t!tin# th!t the Ib! propert* (on%i%te" formerl* of t&o p!r(el% ofl!n" !n" th!t the* &ere %ol" for the !mont of P,000+00 in f!or of .!ri! .ir!no+<efen"!nt <oroteo 8!n!&! implie"l* !"mitte" the e'e(tion of thi% not!ri!l"o(ment &hen he "e(l!re" th!t in the e'e(tion of the "o(ment (on(ernin# thepr(h!%e of the Ib! propert* from Pn?!l!n the not!r* pbli( (h!r#e" him P0+00 !n"!nother P+00 for %t!mp% in the n!me of .!ri! .ir!no %in(e 19+ 8* (ontr!%t,.ir!no% (l!im of o&ner%hip oer the Ib! propert* i% pre"i(!te" pon their !%%ertionth!t the mone* %e" in b*in# %!i" l!n" pert!ine" to the ot%t!n"in# "ebit ofPn?!l!n to the %po%e% <oroteo 8!n!&! !n" )li!n! .en"o?!+ 8!n!&!% lie&i%em!int!in th!t the %!le &!% m!"e to !ppe!r in f!or of .!ri! .ir!no be(!%e %!i"%po%e% bein# !lre!"* ol", the* &!nte" to le!e %omethin# to .!ri! .ir!no for her tole!n pon &hen the* &ol" h!e been #one+ he*, ho&eer, m!"e .!ri! n"er%t!n"

th!t !ltho#h the propert* &!% pl!(e" n"er her n!me, the* &ol" (ontine to be theo&ner% thereof, to !"mini%ter !n" en5o* the frit% of the %!me !% lon# !% the* lie,!n" th!t %he &ol" be(ome the o&ner of the l!n" onl* !fter their "e!th+ .!ri!%ppo%e"l* e'pre%%e" her (onformit* to !n" !ppre(i!tion for the %!i" !rr!n#ement+- CA #r!nte" Ib! Propert* to .ir!no%

!SS"#S1+ 2ON the Ib! Propert* in the n!me of .!ri! .ir!no i% ! "on!tion inter io%+ 2ON >le 100 Se( of the Ol" >le% of Cort i% not !ppli(!ble be(!%e .!ri!.ir!no i% not le#!ll* !"opte"

$#LD1+ 3ESReasoning

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SUCCESSION A2010 page 53

- If the mone* %e" b* .!ri! .ir!no in pr(h!%in# the propertie% &!% #ien to her b*the %po%e% then the mone* h!" belon#e" to her+ .!ri! .ir!no pr(h!%e" !n" p!i"for the %!i" propertie% &ith her mone*+- It i% !l%o (onten"e" b* the petitioner% th!t the "ee"% of %!le e'e(te" b* the o&ner%of the l!n" in f!or of .!ri! .ir!no &ere %iml!te" (ontr!(t% inten"e" to %hort(t t&o"ifferent tr!n%!(tion% /1 ! %!le in f!or of the %po%e% <oroteo 8!n!&! !n" )li!n!.en"o?!; !n" / ! "on!tion of l!n"% b* the %po%e% in f!or of .!ri! .ir!no+- here !re t&o in"% of %iml!te" (ontr!(t%, n!mel* the !b%oltel* %iml!te"(ontr!(t !n" the rel!tiel* %iml!te" one+ In both in%t!n(e%, ho&eer, their nllit* i%b!%e" on the &!nt of tre (on%ent of the p!rtie%+ here i% no intent to be bon" or thetre intent i% hi""en or (on(e!le"+ S(h (ontr!(t% !re een #ener!ll* re#!r"e" !%fr!"lent &ith intent of in5rin# thir" per%on%+ he prpo%e, therefore, of ! %iml!te"(ontr!(t &hi(h m!* be !nnlle" i% to (on(e!l the p!rtie%$ tre intent, or to "e(eie or"efr!" thir" per%on%+ From the re(or", there i% no %ho&in# of "e(eption or fr!", norof (on(e!lment of intent of the p!rtie% !% to the %!le of the Ib! propert* b* theen"or% in f!or of .!ri! .ir!no+ he tr!n%!(tion% &hi(h tr!n%pire" &ere prel* /1"on!tion% of mone* or thin#% repre%entin# or ei!lent to mone* b* the %po%e% inf!or of .!ri! .ir!no &hi(h (ol" be m!"e !n" !((epte" erb!ll*; !n" / pr(h!%e ofl!n"% b* .!ri! .ir!no &ith the %e of th!t mone* or (re"it% /pre-e'i%tin#in"ebte"ne%% in f!or of the %po%e% !% (on%i"er!tion thereof++ 3ESReasoning- Se(tion , >le 100 of the Ol" >le% of Cort, the pertinent portion of &hi(h re!"% D++ + In (!%e of the "e!th of the (hil", hi% p!rent% !n" rel!tie% b* n!tre, !n" not b*!"option, %h!ll be hi% le#!l heir%, e'(ept !% to propert* re(eie" or inherite" b* the!"opte" (hil" from either of h i% p!rent% b* !"option, &hi(h %h!ll be(ome the propert*of the l!tter or their le#itim!te rel!tie% &ho %h!ll p!rti(ip!te in the or"er e%t!bli%he"b* the Ciil Co"e for inte%t!te e%t!teD+- he %bmi%%ion of the petitioner% i% th!t e'tr!5"i(i!l !"option i% &ithin the(ontempl!tion !n" %pirit of thi% rle of reer%ion !"opti!+ Bo&eer, the rle inole"%pe(ifi(!ll* proi"e% for the (!%e of the 5"i(i!ll* !"opte" (hil"+ It i% !n element!r*rle of (on%tr(tion th!t &hen the l!n#!#e of the l!& i% (le!r !n" neio(!l, thel!& m%t be t!en to me!n e'!(tl* &h!t it %!*%+ .!ri! i% not 5"i(i!ll* !"opte"therefore reer%ion !"optie "oe% not !ppl*Disposition CA "e(i%ion !ffirme" !% to the Ib! propert*

S#5AAT# -5!N!-N

3A/AS!A =dissent<- I "i%%ent, re the Ib! p!r(el; be(!%e there &!% no !li" "on!tion of the l!n" or of thepr(h!%e mone*+- he mone* &ith &hi(h to b* the propert* &!% not "on!te" to .!ri! b* the %po%e%+S!i" %po%e% &ol" not "on!te the l!r#e !mont of P4,0=0+00 /!ltho#h the "ee"%t!te% the !mont !% P,000+00 to .!ri! .ir!no &ho &!% merel* ttore" to le!rn the >$% - re!"in#, &ritin# !n" !rithmeti( - !t the e'pen%e of %!i" %po%e%+ 2hile it i% treth!t the* %pporte" her, #!e her mone*, (lothe% !n" een 5e&elr*, the* "i" not %en"her to %(hool, m(h le%% #ie her ! (olle#e e"(!tion+ It i% nthin!ble th!t the %!i"%po%e% &ol" #ie her P4,0=0+00 &here the* (ol" not een #ie her ! prim!r*e"(!tion &hi(h &ol" (o%t er* m(h le%% /from 1911 to 191+ he 5e&elr* the*(ol" h!e #ien to her (ol" not be better th!n trinet%, the (o%t of &hi(h &!%ne#li#ible bt (ol" be ! fon" po%%e%%ion of ! poor, impre%%ion!ble (hil" in the rr!l

!re! lie .!ri!

- No (!%h !(t!ll* p!%%e" to .!ri! from the %po%e%+- :p to the time of her "e!th on )l* 1, 1949 !t the !#e of 4=, .!ri! &!% %till liin#&ith the %po%e% &ho re!re" her+ hi% f!(t %ho&% th!t .!ri! &!% %till bein# %pporte"b* the %po%e%- If there &!% ! !li" "on!tion of the mone* to p!* for the Ib! %#!r l!n" in !!l in191, &hi(h (on%i%t% of 4+4 he(t!re%, it &ol" %eem th!t .!ri! &ol" h!e %ffi(ientfn"% "erie" from the pro"(e of %(h ! bi# p!r(el &ith &hi(h to pr(h!%e for her%elfthe C!r%(he p!r(el+ 8t it &!% %till the %po%e% &ho p!i" for the C!r%r(he propert*,onl* th!t the %!le &!% !lle#e"l* m!"e in f!or of .!ri!, &hom the* "i" not le#!ll*!"opt, to in%re the %ri!l of .!ri! lon# !fter the* &ol" h!e been "e!" !% the*&ere then !lre!"* ol"+ A#!in, thi% #oe% !#!in%t the #r!in of hm!n n!tre; be(!%e no%(h "eep (on(ern &!% e'hibite" b* the %po%e% in f!or of their le#!ll* !"opte""!#hter @li(eri! Abreni(!; !n"- he %po%e% le#!ll* !"opte" @li(eri! Abreni(! bt neer le#!ll* !"opte" .!ri!, nie(eof petitioner )li!n! .en"o?!+ If the %!i" %po%e% &!nte" to f!or their nie(e .!ri! forhelpin# in their b%ine%%, the* (ol" h!e e!%il* !"opte" her le#!ll* !n" thereb*m!e her their le#!l heir, lie @li(eri! Abreni(!+

T#-T!C- v D#L 1AL1 SC>A 406

8A:ISA

NAT"#Appe!l from the .!nil! CFI "e(i%ion

FACTS- .!ri! .orter! V"! "e A#irre on .!* 17, 191 e'e(te" ! &ill &ritten in Sp!ni%hm!in# m!n* le#!(ie% !n" "ei%e% in(l"in# Pe%o% 0,000 to >ene eoti(o &ho &!%m!rrie" to te%t!tri'H% nie(e, )o%efin! .orter!+ )o%efin! &!% in%titte" !% the %ole !n"nier%!l heir to !ll the rem!in"er of the propertie% not other&i%e "i%po%e" of in the&ill+ he te%t!tri' "ie" on )l* 14, 19 !n" ! petition for the prob!te &!% file beforethe .!nil! CFI on )l* 17, 19+- An! "el V!l Ch!n, (l!imin# to be !n !"opte" "!#hter of Fr!n(i%(! .orter!, !"e(e!%e" %i%ter of the te%t!tri', !n" !n !(no&le"#e" n!tr!l (hil" of )o%e .orter!, !"e(e!%e" brother of the %!me te%t!tri', file" !n oppo%ition to the prob!te !lle#in# th!tthe &ill &!% not e'e(te" !% reire" b* l!&, th!t the te%t!tri' &!% ph*%i(!ll* !n"ment!ll* in(!p!ble to e'e(te the &ill !t the time of it% e'e(tion, !n" th!t the &ill&!% e'e(te" n"er "re%%, thre!t or inflen(e of fe!r+ he lo&er (ort !llo&e" An!"el V!l Ch!nH% oppo%ition "e%pite ! motion to h!e %!i" oppo%ition "i%mi%%e" on the#ron" th!t An! h!" no le#!l per%on!lit* to interene+- An! !men"e" her oppo%ition b* !lle#in# th!t the &ill i% inoper!tie &ith re#!r" the%h!re of >ene eoti(o be(!%e he &!% the ph*%i(i!n &ho too (!re of the te%t!tri'"rin# her l!%t illne%%+- After the p!rtie% h!" pre%ente" their ei"en(e, the prob!te (ort ren"ere" it%"e(i%ion on Noember 10, 1960 !"mittin# the &ill to prob!te bt de%laring thedis+osition made in favor of Dr& ene Teoti%o void with the statement thatthe +ortion to be va%ated by the annlment shold +ass to the testatrix@sheirs by way of intestate s%%ession&I Ben(e thi% !ppe!l

!SS"#S1+ 2ON An! <el V!l Ch!n h!% the ri#ht to interene+ 2ON the &ill h!% been "l* !"mitte" to prob!te

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SUCCESSION A2010 page 54

+ 2ON prob!te (ort (ommitte" !n error on p!%%in# on the intrin%i( !li"it* of theproi%ion% of the &ill

$#LD1+ No+ :n"er the term% of the &ill, oppo%itor h!% no ri#ht to interene be(!%e %he h!%no intere%t in the e%t!te either !% heir, e'e(tor, or !"mini%tr!tor, nor "oe% %he h!e!n* (l!im to !n* propert* !ffe(te" b* the &ill, be(!%e it no&here !ppe!r% therein!n* proi%ion "e%i#n!tin# her !% heir, le#!tee or "ei%ee of !n* portion of the e%t!te+She h!% !l%o no intere%t in the &ill either !% !"mini%tr!tri' or e'e(tri'+ Neither h!%%he !n* (l!im !#!in%t !n* portion of the e%t!te be(!%e %he i% not ! (o-o&ner thereof,!n" &hile %he preio%l* h!" !n intere%t in the C!lo bil"in# lo(!te" in E%(olt!+, %heh!" !lre!"* "i%po%e" of it lon# before the e'e(tion of the &ill+In the %ppo%ition th!t the &ill i% "enie" prob!te, &ol" the oppo%itor !(ire !n*intere%t in !n* portion of the e%t!te left b* the te%t!tri'J She &ol" !(ire %(h ri#htonl* if %he &ere ! le#!l heir of the "e(e!%e", bt %he i% not n"er or Ciil Co"e+ It i%tre th!t oppo%itor (l!im% to be !n !(no&le"#e" n!tr!l (hil" of )o%e .orter!, !"e(e!%e" brother of the "e(e!%e", !n" !l%o !n !"opte" "!#hter of Fr!n(i%(!.orter!, ! "e(e!%e" %i%ter of the te%t!tri', bt %(h (l!im (!nnot #ie her !n* (omfortfor, een if it be tre, the law does not give her any right to s%%eed to theestate of the de%eased sister of both ;ose 3ortera and Fran%is%a 3ortera&And this is so be%ase being an illegitimate %hild she is +rohibited by lawfrom s%%eeding to the legitimate relatives of her natral father& Ths,Arti%le 88' of or Civil Code +rovidesJ An illegitimate %hild has no right toinherit ab intestato from the legitimate %hildren and relatives of his fatheror mother&M

  The o++ositor %annot also derive %omfort from the fa%t that she is anado+ted %hild of Fran%is%a 3ortera be%ase nder or law the relationshi+established by ado+tion is limited solely to the ado+ter and the ado+teddoes not extend to the relatives of the ado+ting +arents or of he ado+ted%hild ex%e+t only as ex+ressly +rovided for by law& $en%e, no relationshi+ is%reated between the ado+ted and the %ollaterals of the ado+ting +arents& Asa %onseen%e, the ado+ted is an heir of the ado+ter bt not of the relativesof the ado+ter&+ 3e%+ he (l!im of the oppo%itor th!t the te%t!tri' &!% of n%on" min" &hen %hee'e(te" the &ill &!% belie" b* the te%timonie% of the three people &ho &itne%%e" the%i#nin# of the &ill+ he (l!im th!t eoti(o e'erte" improper pre%%re !n" n"einflen(e oer the te%t!tri' to oerpo&er !n" %b5#!te her min" to "e%tro* her free!#en(* !n" m!e her e'pre%% the &ill of !nother r!ther th!n her o&n &!% not proe"++ 3e%+ -++osition to the intrinsi% validity or legality of the +rovisions of thewill %annot be entertained in 5robate +ro%eeding be%ase its only +r+ose ismerely to determine if the will has been exe%ted in a%%ordan%e with thereirements of the law&To establish %on%lsively as against everyone, and on%e for all, the fa%tsthat a will was exe%ted with the formalities reired by law and that thetestator was in a %ondition to mae a will, is the only +r+ose of the+ro%eedings nder the new %ode for the +robate of a will& Se%& ('* + he

 5"#ment in %(h pro(ee"in#% "etermine% !n" (!n "etermine nothin# more+ In themthe (ort h!% no po&er to p!%% pon the !li"it* of !n* proi%ion% m!"e in the &ill+ It(!n not "e(i"e, for e'!mple, th!t ! (ert!in le#!(* i% oi" !n" !nother one !li"+D

:!:& L#GAC!#S AND D#1!S##S

F#NAND#. v D!3A!GBA@+>+ No+ -6=

>E3ES; O(tober 1, 1967

NAT"#Petition for ! reie& of the "e(i%ion of the Cort of Appe!l%

FACTS- I%m!el! <im!#ib! %bmitte" to the CFI ! petition for the prob!te of the prporte"&ill of the l!te 8ene"i(t! "e lo% >e*e%+ he &ill in%titte" the petitioner !% the %oleheir of the e%t!te of the "e(e!%e"+- he petition &!% %et for he!rin#, !n" in "e time, <ioni%io Fern!n"e?, E%ebio >e*e%!n" i%! >e*e% !n" one month l!ter, .!ri!no, Ce%!r, eonor !n" P!(ien(i!, !ll%rn!me" >e*e%, !ll (l!imin# to be heir% inte%t!te of the "e(e"ent, file" oppo%ition% tothe prob!te !%e"+ @ron"% !"!n(e" for the oppo%ition &ere for#er*, i(e% of(on%ent of the te%t!tri', e%toppel b* l!(he% of the proponent !n" reo(!tion of the &illb* t&o "ee"% of (one*!n(e of the m!5or portion of the e%t!te m!"e b* the te%t!tri'in f!or of the proponent in 194 !n" 1944, bt &hi(h (one*!n(e% &ere fin!ll* %et!%i"e b* thi% Spreme Cort+- CFI fon" th!t the &ill &!% #enine !n" properl* e'e(te"; bt "eferre" re%oltionon the e%tion% of e%toppel !n" reo(!tion+- Fern!n"e? !n" >e*e% petitione" for re(on%i"er!tion, !n"Gor ne& tri!l, in%i%tin# th!tthe i%%e% of e%toppel !n" reo(!tion be (on%i"ere" !n" re%ole"; the Cort oerrle"the (l!im th!t proponent &!% in e%toppel to !% for the prob!te of the &ill, btDre%erin# nto the p!rtie% the ri#ht to r!i%e the i%%e of implie" reo(!tion !t theopportne time+D- CFI !ppointe" >i(!r"o Cr? !% !"mini%tr!tor for the %ole prpo%e of %bmittin# !ninentor* of the e%t!te+- C re%ole" !#!in%t the oppo%itor% !n" hel" the &ill of the l!te 8ene"i(t! "e lo%>e*e% Dn!ffe(te" !n" nreoe" b* the "ee"% of %!le+D he oppo%itor% ele!te" the(!%e to the CA+- CA hel" th!t the "e(ree !"mittin# the &ill to prob!te, h!" be(ome fin!l for l!( ofopportne !ppe!l; th!t the %!me &!% !ppe!l!ble in"epen"entl* of the i%%e of implie"reo(!tion; th!t there h!" been no le#!l reo(!tion b* the e'e(tion of the 194 !n"1944 "ee"% of %!le+

!SS"#S1+ 2ON the "e(ree of the CFI !llo&in# the &ill to prob!te h!" be(ome fin!l for l!( of!ppe!l+ 2ON the or"er of the CFI oerrlin# the e%toppel inoe" b* oppo%itor%-!ppell!nt%h!" lie&i%e be(ome fin!l+ 2ON the 190 &ill of 8ene"i(t! "e lo% >e*e% h!" been implie"l* reoe" b* here'e(tion of "ee"% of (one*!n(e in f!or of the proponent +

$#LD1+ 3ES+ A prob!te "e(ree fin!ll* !n" "efinitiel* %ettle% !ll e%tion% (on(ernin#(!p!(it* of the te%t!tor !n" the proper e'e(tion !n" &itne%%in# of hi% l!%t &ill !n"te%t!ment, irre%pe(tie of &hether it% proi%ion% !re !li" !n" enfor(e!ble orother&i%e+- here bein# no (ontroer%* th!t the prob!te "e(ree of the Cort belo& &!% not!ppe!le" on time, the %!me h!" be(ome fin!l !n" (on(l%ie+ Ben(e, the !ppell!te(ort% m!* no lon#er reoe %!i" "e(ree nor reie& the ei"en(e pon &hi(h it i%

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SUCCESSION A2010 page 55

m!"e to re%t+ h%, the !ppe!l bel!te"l* lo"#e" !#!in%t the "e(ree &!% (orre(tl*"i%mi%%e"++ NO+ he pre%ent!tion !n" prob!te of ! &ill !re reirement% of pbli( poli(*, bein#prim!ril* "e%i#ne" to prote(t the te%t!tor$%, e'pre%%e" &i%he%, &hi(h !re entitle" tore%pe(t !% ! (on%een(e of the "e(e"ent$% o&ner%hip !n" ri#ht of "i%po%ition &ithinle#!l limit%+- Ei"en(e of it i% the duty  impo%e" on ! (%to"i!n of ! &ill to "elier the %!me to theCort, !n" the fine !n" impri%onment pre%(ribe" for it% iol!tion />ei%e" >le 7+ It&ol" be ! non seuitur  to !llo& pbli( poli(* to be e!"e" on the prete't of e%toppel+2hether or not the or"er oerrlin# the !lle#!tion of e%toppel i% %till !ppe!l!ble ornot, the "efen%e i% p!tentl* nmeritorio% !n" the Cort of Appe!l% (orre(tl* %o rle"++ NO+ he e'i%ten(e of !n* %(h (h!n#e or "ep!rtre from the ori#in!l intent of thete%t!tri', e'pre%%e" in her 190 te%t!ment, i% ren"ere" "obtfl b* the (ir(m%t!n(eth!t the %b%eent !lien!tion% in 194 !n" 1944 &ere e'e(te" in f!or of thele#!tee her%elf, !ppellee <im!#ib!+- 8t een if Art 97 &ere !ppli(!ble, the !nnlment of the (one*!n(e% &ol" notne(e%%!ril* re%lt in the reo(!tion of the le#!(ie%, if &e be!r in min" th!t the fin"in#%m!"e in the "e(i%ion "e(reein# the !nnlment of the %b%eent 194 !n" 1944"ee"% of %!le &ere !l%o th!t it &!% the mor!l inflen(e, ori#in!tin# from their(onfi"enti!l rel!tion%hip, &hi(h &!% the onl* (!%e for the e'e(tion

B#L#N v B5!

@+>+ No+ -14474>E3ES; O(tober 1, 1960

NAT"#Appe!l from !n or"er of the Cort of Fir%t In%t!n(e of .!nil! "en*in#!ppell!nt$% petition

FACTSI 8eni#no <i!? /<IAK e'e(te" ! (o"i(il on September 9, 1944+ OnNoember 7, 1944, he "ie" !n" the !fore%!i" (o"i(il, to#ether &ith the &ill,&!% !"mitte" to prob!te in Spe(i!l Pro(ee"in#% No+ =94 of the %!me Cort ofFir%t In%t!n(e of .!nil!+- he pro(ee"in#% for the !"mini%tr!tion of the e%t!te of <IAK &ere (lo%e" in

190 !n" the e%t!te &!% there!fter pt n"er the !"mini%tr!tion of 8PI, !%tr%tee for the benefit of the le#!tee%+I Filomen! <i!? /FIO.ENA then "ie" in 194, le!in# t&o le#itim!te(hil"ren, .IA@>OS, m!rrie", &ith 7 le#itim!te (hil"ren, !n" ONESI.A,%in#le+I On .!r(h 19, 19=, ONESI.A file" ! petition in Spe(i!l Pro(ee"in#% No+96, (onten"in# th!t the !mont th!t &ol" h!e !ppert!ine" toFIO.ENA n"er the (o"i(il %hol" no& be "ii"e" e!ll* bet&een her%elf!n" .IA@>OS, !% the %riin# (hil"ren, to the e'(l%ion of the 7 le#itim!te(hil"ren of .IA@>OS+I  he (ort "enie" thi% petition+ It %!i" th!t !fter "e (on%i"er!tion of thepetition file" b* ONESI.A+ he %h!re of FIO.ENA from the (o"i(il "oe% not!n" %hol" not form p!rt of her e%t!te+ he !fore%!i" %h!re of %hol" be

"i%tribte" not onl* bet&een her (hil"ren bt !l%o !mon# her other

le#itim!te "e%(en"!nt% &hi(h !l%o in(l"e% her #r!n"(hil"ren, et(+, !n" inthi% (onne(tion+ it i% not !mi%% to ob%ere th!t one m!* be ! "e%(en"!nt !n"not *et not be !n heir, !n" %ice %ersa, one m!* be !n heir !n" *et not be !"e%(en"!nt+I From thi% or"er ONESI.A !ppe!le" to thi% Cort+ She (onten"% th!t theterm Dsus descendeintes legitimos,D !% %e" in the (o"i(il, %hol" beinterprete" to me!n "e%(en"!nt% ne!re%t in the "e#ree to the ori#in!l

le#!tee FIO.ENA, &hi(h !re the t&o "!#hter%+

!SS"#2ON the &or"% D%% "e%(en"iente% le#itimo%D refer (on5ointl* to !ll theliin# "e%(en"!nt /(hil"ren !n" #r!n"(hil"ren of the le#!tee !% ! (l!%% oronl* to the "e%(en"!nt% ne!re%t in "e#ree

$#LDNO- In her !r#ment, FIO.ENA inoe% Art+ 99 of the CC, &hi(h %!*%  Adistribution made in general terms in "a%or o" the testator's relati%es shall beunderstood as made in "a%or o" those nearest in degree.   Bo&eer, the!r#ment f!il% to note th!t thi% !rti(le i% %pe(ifi(!ll* limite" in it% !ppli(!tion

in (!%e% &here the benefi(i!rie% !re rel!tie% o" the testator , not tho%e ofthe le#!tee+ In %(h !n eent, the l!& !%%me% th!t the te%t!tor inten"e" torefer to the rle% of inte%t!(*, in or"er to benefit the rel!tie% (lo%e%t to himb!%e" on the r!tio le#i% th!t !mon# ! te%t!tor$% rel!tie the (lo%e%t !re"e!re%t+- Obio%l*, thi% "oe% not !ppl* &here the benefi(i!rie% !re rel!tie% ofanother person  /the le#!tee !n" not of the te%t!tor + here i% no lo#i(!lre!%on in thi% (!%e to pre%me th!t the te%t!tor inten"e" to refer to therle% of inte%t!(*, for he pre(i%el* m!"e ! te%t!ment !n" proi"e"%b%titte% for e!(h le#!tee; nor (!n it be %!i" th!t hi% !ffe(tion% &ol"prefer the ne!re%t rel!tie% of the le#!tee to tho%e more "i%t!nt, %in(e heeni%!#e% !ll of them in ! #rop, !n" onl* !% mere %b%titte% for !preferre" benefi(i!r*+

- he re%lt of !ppl*in# the Dne!re%t rel!tie%D rle of Arti(le 99 i% th!t theinherit!n(e &ol" be limite" to her (hil"ren e'(l"in# the #r!n"(hil"ren!lto#ether+ hi% (ol" h!r"l* be the intention of the te%t!tor &ho in the%!me (l!%e 10 of hi% (o"i(il %pe!% of hi% #r!n"(hil"ren in"i(!tin# (le!rl*th!t he n"er%too" &ell th!t hi$os  !n" descendientes  !re not %*non*mo%term%+- 2e (on(l"e th!t in the !b%en(e of other in"i(!tion% of (ontr!r* intent, theproper rle to !ppl* in the in%t!nt (!%e i% th!t the te%t!tor, b* "e%i#n!tin# !(l!%% or #rop of le#!tee%, inten"e" !ll member% thereof to %((ee"  percapita+ So th!t the ori#in!l le#!(* to FIO.ENA %hol" be e!ll* "ii"e"!mon# her %riin# (hil"ren !n" #r!n"(hi"ren+Disposition  he or"er !ppe!le" from i% !ffirme", &ith (o%t% to the!ppell!nt+

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::& G#N#AL 5-1!S!-N -F !NT#STAT#

D# L-S SANT-S v D# LA C".@+>+ No+ -919

VIA.O>; Febr!r* , 1971NAT"#

<ire(t !ppe!l to SC on e%tion% of l!& from the 5"#ment of the CFI

FACTS- On .!* 1, 196, @ertr"e% "e lo% S!nto% file" ! (ompl!int for %pe(ifi( perform!n(e!#!in%t .!'imo "e l! Cr?, !lle#in#, !mon# other%, th!t on A#%t 4, 196, %he !n"%eer!l (o-heir%, in(l"in# the "efen"!nt, e'e(te" !n e'tr!5"i(i!l p!rtition!#reement oer ! (ert!in portion of l!n" &ith !n !re! of !ron" 0,000 %+ m+; th!tthe p!rtie% thereto h!" !#ree" to !"5"i(!te / lot% to the "efen"!nt, in !""ition tohi% (orre%pon"in# %h!re, on (on"ition th!t the l!tter &ol" n"ert!e the"eelopment !n" %b"ii%ion of the e%t!te &hi(h &!% the %b5e(t m!tter of the!#reement, !ll e'pen%e% in (onne(tion there&ith to be "efr!*e" from the pro(ee"% ofthe %!le of the !forementione" / lot%; th!t in %pite of "em!n"% b* the pl!intiff, b*the (o-heir%, !n" b* the re%i"ent% of the %b"ii%ion, the "efen"!nt ref%e" to performhi% !fore%!i" obli#!tion !ltho#h he h!" !lre!"* %ol" the !fore%!i" lot%+ he pl!intiffpr!*e" the (ort to or"er the "efen"!nt to (ompl* &ith hi% obli#!tion n"er the

e'tr!5"i(i!l p!rtition !#reement, !(t!l "!m!#e% !n" to p!* !ttorne*$% fee% !n"(o%t%+- In hi% !n%&er, the "efen"!nt !"mitte" the "e e'e(tion of the e'tr!5"i(i!l p!rtition!#reement, bt %et p the !ffirm!tie "efen%e% th!t the pl!intiff h!" no (!%e of!(tion !#!in%t him be(!%e the %!i" !#reement &!% oi" &ith re%pe(t to her, for there!%on th!t the pl!intiff &!% not !n heir of Pel!#i! "e l! Cr?, "e(e!%e" o&ner of thepropert*, !n" &!% in(l"e" in the e'tr!5"i(i!l p!rtition !#reement b* mi%t!e; !n"th!t !ltho#h he h!" "i%po%e" of the three lot% !"5"i(!te" to him, neerthele%% thepro(ee"% of the %!le &ere not %ffi(ient to "eelop !n" improe properl* the%b"ii"e" e%t!te+ he !n%&er (ont!ine" ! (onter(l!im &herein the "efen"!nt!lle#e" th!t the pl!intiff h!" lie&i%e %ol" her %h!re in the e%t!te for P10,000+00, !n"th!t the e'tr!5"i(i!l p!rtition !#reement bein# oi" in%of!r !% the l!tter &!%(on(erne", he &!% entitle" to /1G4 of the pro(ee"% !% hi% %h!re b* &!* of reer%ion+

 he "efen"!nt pr!*e" th!t the (ompl!int be "i%mi%%e"; th!t the e'tr!5"i(i!l p!rtition!#reement be "e(l!re" oi" &ith re%pe(t to the pl!intiff; !n", on hi% (onter(l!im,

th!t the pl!intiff be or"ere" to p!* him the %m of P,00+00+- he pl!intiff &!% fon" in "ef!lt for not !n%&erin# (onter(l!im+- CFI hel" th!t th!t the "efen"!nt, bein# ! p!rt* to the e'tr!5"i(i!l p!rtition!#reement, &!% e%toppe" from r!i%in# in i%%e the ri#ht of the pl!intiff to inherit fromthe "e(e"ent Pel!#i! "e l! Cr?; hen(e, he m%t !bi"e b* the term% of the !#reement+

 he CFI or"ere" the "efen"!nt Dto perform hi% obli#!tion% to "eelop ot% !% p!rt ofthe E'tr!5"i(i!l P!rtition A#reementD+ No "i%po%ition &!% m!"e of "efen"!nt$%(onter(l!im+ he "efen"!nt file" ! .N bt the %!me &!% "enie"+ Ben(e, thi%!ppe!l+

!SS"#S/1 2ON pl!intiff-!ppellee i% ! heir of the "e(e"ent+/ 2ON there &!% e%toppel/2ON the "!m!#e% &ere properl* !"5"i(!te"/42ON (ort erre" in not "e(i"in# on the (onter(l!im

$#LD/1>!tioNo+ P!rtition of propert* !ffe(te" bet&een ! per%on entitle" to inherit from the"e(e!%e" o&ner thereof !n" !nother per%on &ho tho#ht he &!% !n heir, &hen he&!% not re!ll* !n" l!&fll* %(h, to the pre5"i(e of the ri#ht% of the tre heir"e%i#n!te" b* l!& to %((ee" the "e(e!%e", i% nll !n" oi"+ /<e orre% %+ <e orre%,et !l+, = Phil+ 49+>e!%onin#Pl!intiff-!ppellee bein# ! mere #r!n"nie(e of Pel!#i! "e l! Cr?, %he (ol" not inheritfrom the l!tter b* ri#ht of repre%ent!tion+ 19.(h le%% (ol" pl!intiff-!ppellee inherit inher o&n ri#ht+0

In the pre%ent (!%e, the rel!tie% Dne!re%t in "e#reeD to Pel!#i! "e l! Cr? !re hernephe&% !n" nie(e%, one of &hom i% "efen"!nt-!ppell!nt+ Ne(e%%!ril*, pl!intiff-!ppellee, ! #r!n"nie(e i% e'(l"e" b* l!& from the inherit!n(e+ he e'pre%% prpo%eof the e'tr!5"i(i!l p!rtition !#reement &!% to "ii"e the e%t!te !mon# the heir% ofPel!#i! "e l! Cr?+ he %!i" !#reement it%elf %t!te% th!t pl!intiff-!ppellee &!%p!rti(ip!tin# therein in representation of her "e(e!%e" mother+In e'e(tin# the p!rtition !#reement, the p!rtie% n"er the erroneo% belief th!tpl!intiff-!ppellee &!% one of the le#!l heir% of Pel!#i! "e l! Cr?+ Pl!intiff-!ppellee notbein# %(h ! heir, the p!rtition i% oi" &ith re%pe(t to her, pr%!nt to Art 110 CC+

/>!tioNo e%toppel !ri%e% &here the repre%ent!tion or (on"(t the p!rt* %o#ht to bee%toppe" i% "e to i#nor!n(e fon"e" pon ! mi%t!e+ An" &hi(h there i% !thorit* tothe (ontr!r*, the &ei#ht of !thorit* i% th!t the !(t% !n" "e(l!r!tion% of ! p!rt* b!%e"pon !n inno(ent mi%t!e !% to hi% le#!l ri#ht% &ill not e%top him to !%%ert the %!me,e%pe(i!ll* &here eer* f!(t no&n to the p!rt* %o#ht to be e%toppe" i% e!ll* &ellno&n to the p!rt* %ettin# p the e%toppel+ /1 C+)+, 11, 116+>e!%onin#

 he e'tr!5"i(i!l p!rtition !#reement bein# oi" &ith re%pe(t to pl!intiff-!ppellee, %hem!* not be he!r" to !%%ert e%toppel !#!in%t "efen"!nt-!ppell!nt+ E%toppel (!nnot bepre"i(!te" on ! oi" (ontr!(t, or on !(t% &hi(h !re prohibite" b* l!& or !re !#!in%tpbli( poli(*+

/>e!%onin# he !&!r" of !(t!l "!m!#e% in f!or of pl!intiff-!ppellee (!nnot be %%t!ine" in ie&of the (on(l%ion !boe+ Frthermore, !(t!l or (ompen%!tor* "!m!#e% m%t be "l*proe" /Arti(le 199, Ciil Co"e+ Bere, no proof of %(h "!m!#e% &!% pre%ente"in!%m(h !% the (!%e &!% "e(i"e" on ! %tipl!tion of f!(t% !n" no ei"en(e &!%!""(e" before the tri!l (ort+

/43e%+ he pl!intiff-!ppellee h!" been "e(l!re" in "ef!lt on "efen"!nt-!ppell!nt$%(onter(l!im; bt the l!tter "i" not pre%ent !n* ei"en(e to proe the m!teri!l!lle#!tion therein+ Neerthele%%, in the %tipl!tion %bmitte" b* the p!rtie% th!t %!i"pl!intiff-!ppellee !"mitte" h!in# re(eie" ! portion of the e%t!te b* irte of thee'tr!5"i(i!l p!rtition !#reement+<efen"!nt-!ppell!nt i% (orre(t in hi% (ontention th!t the lo&er (ort erre" in notp!%%in# on hi% (onter(l!im !n", (on%eentl*, in not %enten(in# !ppellee to trn

19A>+ 97+ he ri#ht of repre%ent!tion t!e% pl!(e in the "ire(t "e%(en"in# line, bt neer in the !%(en"in#+

In the (oll!ter!l line, it t!e% pl!(e onl* in f!or of the (hil"ren of brother% or %i%ter%, &hether the* beof the fll or h!lf bloo"+

0A>+ 96+ In eer* inherit!n(e, the rel!tie ne!re%t in "e#ree e'(l"e% the more "i%t!nt one%, %!in# the ri#htof repre%ent!tion &hen it properl* t!e% pl!(e+ +++ +

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SUCCESSION A2010 page 57

oer to him hi% (orre%pon"in# %h!re of %!i" portion re(eie" b* !ppellee n"er theoi" p!rtition+ >emote rel!tie% or nrel!te" per%on &ho n"l* re(eie" !n" toopo%%e%%ion of the propert* of ! "e(e!%e" per%on &ithot !n* ri#ht, b* irte of ! nll!n" oi" p!rtition, m%t re%tore it to the le#itim!te %((e%%or in the inherit!n(e+ If%(h %h!re h!% !lre!"* been "i%po%e" of b* !ppellee to ! bona "ide pr(h!%er, !%%eem% to be in"i(!te" in the nproen !lle#!tion% of the (onter(l!im+ 2e (!nnotren"er 5"#ment !&!r"in# !n* %pe(ifi( !mont to "efen"!nt-!ppell!nt !% hi%proportion!te %h!re of the pro(ee"% of %(h %!le for the re!%on th!t, !% !lre!"* %t!te"!boe, thi% !%pe(t of the (onter(l!im h!% not been to(he" pon in the %tipl!tion off!(t% nor h!% it been %pporte" b* ei"en(e &hi(h !ppell!nt %hol" h!e pre%ente" inthe lo&er (ort bt "i" not+

D!A. v !AC1= SC>A 47

PA>AS; Febr!r* 1, 1990

NAT"#Se(on" .otion for >e(on%i"er!tion

FACTSIt i% n"i%pte" 1 th!t Feli%! P!mti )!r"in i% ! nie(e of Simon! P!mti V"!+ "eS!ntero &ho to#ether &ith Feli%!$% mother )li!n! &ere the onl* le#itim!te (hil"ren ofthe %po%e% Felipe P!mti !n" Petronil! A%n(ion; th!t )li!n! m!rrie" Simon )!r"in!n" ot of their nion &ere born Feli%! P!mti !n" !nother (hil" &ho "ie" "rin#inf!n(*; th!t Simon! P!mti V"!+ "e S!ntero i% the &i"o& of P!%(!l S!ntero !n"the mother of P!blo S!ntero; 4 th!t P!blo S!ntero &!% the onl* le#itim!te %on of hi%p!rent% P!%(!l S!ntero !n" Simon! P!mti V"!+ "e S!ntero; th!t P!%(!l S!ntero"ie" in 1970; P!blo S!ntero in 197 !n" Simon! S!ntero in 1976; 6 th!t P!bloS!ntero, !t the time of hi% "e!th &!% %rie" b* hi% mother Simon! S!ntero !n" hi%%i' minor n!tr!l (hil"ren to &it for minor (hil"ren &ith An%elm! <i!? !n" t&o minor(hil"ren &ith Feli'bert! P!(r%!+ !SS"#2ho !re the le#!l heir% of Simon! P!mti V"!+ "e S!ntero J her nie(e Feli%! P!mti-

 )!r"in or her #r!n"(hil"ren /the n!tr!l (hil"ren of P!blo S!nteroJ Col" petitioner%!% ille#itim!te (hil"ren of P!blo S!ntero inherit from Simon! P!mti V"!+ "e S!ntero,b* ri#ht of repre%ent!tion of their f!ther P!blo S!ntero &ho i% ! le#itim!te (hil" ofSimon! P!mti V"!+ "e S!nteroJ

$#LDFeli%! P!mti-)!r"in i% the le#!l heir of Simon!+Ratio  he ri#ht of repre%ent!tion i% not !!il!ble to ille#itim!te "e%(en"!nt% oflegitimate  (hil"ren in the inherit!n(e of ! le#itim!te #r!n"p!rent+ he "eterminin#f!(tor i% the le#itim!(* or ille#itim!(* of the per%on to be repre%ente"+ If the per%on tobe repre%ente" i% !n ille#itim!te (hil", then hi% "e%(en"!nt%, &hether le#itim!te orille#itim!te, m!* repre%ent him; ho&eer, if the per%on to be repre%ente" i%le#itim!te, hi% ille#itim!te "e%(en"!nt% (!nnot repre%ent him be(!%e the l!&proi"e% th!t onl* hi% le#itim!te "e%(en"!nt% m!* e'er(i%e the ri#ht of repre%ent!tionb* re!%on of the b!rrier impo%e" Arti(le 99+Reasoning:

!+   Dhe rle% l!i" "o&n in Arti(le 9= th!t $#r!n"(hil"ren !n" other

"e%(en"!nt% %h!ll inherit b* ri#ht of repre%ent!tion !n" in Arti(le 90 th!t theri#ht% of ille#itim!te (hil"ren +++ !re tr!n%mitte" pon their "e!th to their

"e%(en"!nt%, &hether le#itim!te or ille#itim!te !re sub$ect to the limitationpre%(ribe" b* Arti(le 99 to the en" th!t !n ille#itim!te (hil" h!% no ri#ht to inheritab intestato  from the le#itim!te (hil"ren !n" rel!tie% of hi% f!ther or mother+D$/Ami(% Cri!e$% Opinion b* former )%ti(e .ini%ter >i(!r"o C+ Pno, p+ 1 It m!*not be !mi%% to %t!te th!t Arti(le 9= i% the #ener!l rle !n" Arti(le 99 thee'(eption+

b+ he l!& re(o#ni?e% th!t bet&een the le#itim!te f!mil* !n" the ille#itim!te f!mil*there i% pre%me" to be !nt!#oni%m !n" in(omp!tibilit*+

(+ It i% (le!r from Arti(le 99 of the Ne& Ciil Co"e th!t the phr!%e le#itim!terel!tie% of hi% f!ther or mother in(l"e% Simon! P!mti !% the &or" rel!tie i%bro!" eno#h to (omprehen" !ll the in"re" of the per%on %poen of+

G"T!##., ;& ! &.! "i%%entin#I !#ree th!t ! (le!r !n" pre(i%e !men"ment i% nee"e" if (oll!ter!l rel!tie% %(h !%ille#itim!te (hil"ren !n" le#itim!te n(le%, !nt%, or (o%in% or ille#itim!te %iblin#%!n" their le#itim!te h!lf-brother% or h!lf-%i%ter% !re to inherit from one !nother+ 8t Im%t %tre%% th!t the b!rrier i% bet&een the le#itim!te !n" ille#itim!te "amilies+ I %eeno re!%on &h* &e %hol" in(l"e ! #r!n"mother or #r!n"f!ther !mon# tho%e &here !firm &!ll of %ep!r!tion %hol" be m!int!ine"+ She (!nnot be ! %ep!r!te Df!mil*D fromher o&n #r!n"(hil"ren+

 he !"option of ! h!r%h !n" !b%r" interpret!tion, pen"in# !n !men"ment of thel!&, "oe% not impre%% me !% (orre(t+ Pre(i%el*, the &or" Drel!tie%D in Art+ 99 (!ll%for reinterpret!tion be(!%e the Co"e h!% been !men"e"+ he me!nin# of rel!tie%m%t follo& the (h!n#e% in !rio% proi%ion% pon &hi(h the &or"$% effe(tiit* i%"epen"ent+

 he l!& %hol" be interprete" to !((or" &ith &h!t !ppe!r% ri#ht !n" 5%t+ :nle%% theoppo%ite i% proe", I &ill !l&!*% pre%me th!t ! #r!n"mother loe% her #r!n"(hil"renLle#itim!te or ille#itim!te+ more th!n the %e(on" (o%in% of %!i" #r!n"(hil"ren or thep!rent% of %!i" (o%in%+ he #r!n"mother m!* be !n#r* !t the in"i%(retion% of her %onbt &h* %hol" the l!& in(l"e the inno(ent #r!n"(hil"ren !% ob5e(t% of th!t !n#er+D>el!tie%D (!n onl* refer to (oll!ter!l rel!tie%, to member% of ! %ep!r!te #rop ofin% bt not to one$% o&n #r!n"p!rent%+

AB#LLANA D# BACA4- v D# B--3#-14 SC>A 9=6

>E3ES; A#%t 1, 196

FACTS.elo"i! Ferr!ri% &!% ! re%i"ent of Ceb Cit* ntil 197 &hen %he tr!n%ferre" toIntr!mro%, .!nil!+ She &!% no&n to h!e re%i"e" there (ontino%l* ntil 1944+

 here!fter, p to the filin# on <e(ember , 1960 of the petition for the %mm!r*%ettlement of her e%t!te, %he h!% not been he!r" of !n" her &here!bot% !re %tillnno&n+ .ore th!n 10 *e!r% h!in# el!p%e" %in(e the l!%t time %he &!% no&n to be!lie, %he &!% "e(l!re" pre%mptiel* "e!" for prpo%e% of openin# her %((e%%ion!n" "i%tribtin# her e%t!te !mon# her heir%+Ferr!ri% left propertie% in Ceb Cit*, (on%i%tin# of one thir" /1G %h!re in the e%t!te ofher !nt, >o%! Ferr!ri%, !le" !t P6,000+ he "e(e!%e" Ferr!ri% left no %riin#"ire(t "e%(en"!nt, !%(en"!nt, or %po%e, bt &!% %rie" onl* b* (oll!ter!l rel!tie%Abell!n! "e 8!(!*o, !n !nt, !n" h!lf- %i%ter of "e(e"ent$% f!ther, An(leto; !n" hernie(e% !n" nephe&, &ho &ere the (hil"ren of .elo"i!$% onl* brother of fll bloo",Artro, &ho pre-"e(e!%e" her+ he%e t&o (l!%%e% of heir% (l!im to be the ne!re%tinte%t!te heir% !n" %ee to p!rti(ip!te in the e%t!te of Ferr!ri%+

!SS"#

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2ON nephe&% !n" nie(e% of the "e(e"ent e'(l"e !ll other (oll!ter!l% from the%((e%%ion

$#LD 3ES+A% !n !nt of the "e(e!%e", "e 8!(!*o i% !% f!r "i%t!nt !% the nephe&% from the"e(e"ent /three "e#ree% %in(e in the (oll!ter!l line to &hi(h both in"% of rel!tie%belon# "e#ree% !re (onte" b* fir%t !%(en"in# to the (ommon !n(e%tor !n" then"e%(en"in# to the heir /Ciil Co"e, Art+ 966+ Appell!nt i% ri#ht in her (ontention th!tnephe&% !n" nie(e% !lone "o not inherit b* ri#ht of repre%ent!tion /i+e+, per %tirpe%nle%% (on(rrin# &ith brother% or %i%ter% of the "e(e!%e", !% proi"e" e'pre%%l* b*Arti(le 97+Neerthele%%, the tri!l (ort &!% (orre(t &hen it hel" th!t, in (!%e of inte%t!(*,nephe&% !n" nie(e% of the "e (5% e'(l"e !ll other (oll!ter!l% /!nt% !n" n(le%,fir%t (o%in%, et(+ from the %((e%%ion+ hi% i% re!"il* !pp!rent from !rti(le% 1001,1004, 100, !n" 1009 of the Ciil Co"e of the Philippine%, th!t proi"e" !% follo&%A>+ 1001+ Shol" brother% !n" %i%ter% or their (hil"ren %rie &ith the &i"o&or &i"o&er, the l!tter% %h!ll be entitle" to one-h!lf of the inherit!n(e !n" the brother%!n" %i%ter% or their (hil"ren to the other h!lf+A>+ 1004+ Shol" the onl* %rior% be, brother% !n" %i%ter% of the fll bloo",the* %h!ll inherit in e!l %h!re%+A>+ 100+ Shol" brother% !n" %i%ter% %rie to#ether &ith nephe&% !n"nie(e% &ho !re the (hil"ren of the "e(e"ent$% brother% !n" %i%ter% of the fll bloo",the former %h!ll inherit per (!pit!, !n" the l!tter per %tirpe%+A>+ 1009+ Shol" there be neither brother% nor %i%ter%, nor (hil"ren of brother%or %i%ter%, the other (oll!ter!l rel!tie% %h!ll %((ee" to the e%t!te+ he l!tter %h!ll%((ee" &ithot "i%tin(tion of line% or preferen(e !mon# b* re!%on of rel!tion%hip b*the &hole bloo"+:n"er the Art+ 1009, the !b%en(e of brother%, %i%ter%, nephe&% !n" nie(e% of the"e(e"ent i% ! pre(on"ition to the other (oll!ter!l% /n(le%, (o%in%, et(+ bein# (!lle"to the %((e%%ion+ hi% &!% !l%o !n" more (le!rl* the (!%e n"er the Sp!ni%h CiilCo"e of 1==9, th!t imme"i!tel* pre(e"e" the Ciil Co"e+ h%, Arti(le% 9 !n" 94 ofthe Co"e of 1==9 pre%(ribe" !% follo&%DA>+ 9+ In the !b%en(e of brother% or %i%ter% !n" of nephe&% or nie(e%,(hil"ren of the former, &hether of the &hole bloo" or not, the %riin# %po%e, if not%ep!r!te" b* ! fin!l "e(ree of "ior(e %h!ll %((ee" to the entire e%t!te of the"e(e!%e"+DDA>+ 94+ Shol" there be neither brother% nor %i%ter%, nor (hil"ren of brother%or %i%ter%, nor ! %riin# %po%e, the other (oll!ter!l rel!tie% %h!ll %((ee" to thee%t!te of "e(e!%e"+

 he l!tter %h!ll %((ee" &ithot "i%tin(tion of line% or preferen(e !mon# them b*re!%on of the &hole bloo"+DIt &ill be %een th!t n"er the pre(e"in# !rti(le%, brother% !n" %i%ter% !n" nephe&% !n"nie(e% inherite" !b inte%t!to !he!" of the %riin# %po%e, &hile other (oll!ter!l%%((ee"e" onl* !fter the &i"o&er or &i"o&+ he pre%ent Ciil Co"e of the Philippine%merel* pl!(e" the %po%e on ! p!r &ith the nephe&% !n" nie(e% !n" brother% !n"%i%ter% of the "e(e!%e", bt &ithot !lterin# the preferre" po%ition of the l!tter i% !i% the other (oll!ter!l%+ olentino$% (omment!rie% to Art+ 1009DOther Coll!ter!l%+L he l!%t of the rel!tie% of the "e(e"ent to %((ee" in inte%t!te%((e%%ion !re the (oll!ter!l% other th!n brother% or %i%ter% or (hil"ren of brother% or%i%ter%+ he* !re, ho&eer, limite" to rel!tie% &ithin the fifth "e#ree+ 8e*on" thi%, &e(!n %!fel* %!*, there i% h!r"l* !n* !ffe(tion to merit the %((e%%ion of (oll!ter!l%+

:n"er the l!&, therefore, per%on% be*on" the fifth "e#ree !re no lon#er (on%i"ere" !%rel!tie%, for %((e%%ion!l prpo%e%+DArti(le 1009 "oe% not %t!te !n* or"er of preferen(e+ Bo&eer, thi% !rti(le %hol" ben"er%too" in (onne(tion &ith the #ener!l rle th!t the ne!re%t rel!tie% e'(l"e thef!rther+ Coll!ter!l% of the %!me "e#ree inherit in e!l p!rt%, there bein# no ri#ht ofrepre%ent!tion+ he* %((ee" &ithot "i%tin(tion of line% or preferen(e !mon# themon !((ont of the &hole bloo" rel!tion%hip+D

 herefore, n"er or l!&% of %((e%%ion, ! "e(e"ent$% n(le% !n" !nt% m!* not%((ee" !b inte%t!to %o lon# !% nephe&% !n" nie(e% of the "e(e"ent %rie !n" !re&illin# !n" !lifie" to %((ee"+

C-5"S v C-5"S= SC>A 67

A:INO; O(tober , 197=

NAT"#Appe!l from ! 5"#ment of the CFI

FACTS-eo"oro >+ 3!n#(o, the %on of i% >!f!el 3!n#(o !n" )amona Arguelles ;the widowo" Tomas Corpus< "ie" in .!nil! on April 0, 199

-3!n#(o h!" no for(e" heir%+ At the time of hi% "e!th, hi% ne!re%t rel!tie% &ere /1 hi%h!lf brother, i% >+ 3!n#(o, / hi% h!lf %i%ter, P!? 3!n#(o / Am!li! Corp%, )o%e A+V+ Corp%, !n" >!mon + Corp%, the (hil"ren of hi% h!lf brother, P!blo Corp%, !n" /4

 8uana ;8uanita< Corpus the daughter o" his hal" brother 8ose Corpus+ )!nit! "ie" inO(tober, 1944 !t P!l!i#, K!mb!le%+-Bi% &ill "!te" A#%t 9, 194 &!% prob!te" in the CFI of .!nil!, !n" the "e(ree ofprob!te &!% !ffirme" b* the SC-Pr%!nt to the or"er of the prob!te (ort, ! pro5e(t of p!rtition &!% %bmitte" b* the!"mini%tr!tor !n" the le#!tee% n!me" in the &ill-S!i" pro5e(t of p!rtition &!% !pproe" b* the prob!te (ort-Pe"ro .!rtine?, )li!n! "e C!%tro , )!nit! Corp% /"e(e!%e" !n" the e%t!te of i%>+ 3!n#(o !ppe!le" to the SC, bt the%e &ere "i%mi%%e" !fter the le#!tee% !n" the!ppell!nt% entere" into (ompromi%e !#reement%-Berein !ppell!nt om!% Corp% %i#ne" th!t (ompromi%e %ettlement !% the %ole heirof )!nit! Corp%+

 -On September 0, 1949, the le#!tee% e'e(te" !n !#reement for the %ettlement !n"ph*%i(!l p!rtition of the 3!n#(o e%t!te+ he prob!te (ort !pproe" th!t !#reement!n" note" th!t the 194 pro5e(t of p!rtition &!% pro t!nto mo"ifie"+-On O(tober , 191, om!% Corp%, !% the %ole heir of )!nit! (orp%, file" !n !(tionin the Cort of Fir%t In%t!n(e of .!nil! to re(oer her %ppo%e" %h!re in 3!n#(ointe%t!te e%t!te+ Be !lle#e" in hi% (ompl!int th!t the "i%po%ition% in hi% 3!n#(oH% &illimpo%in# perpet!l prohibition% pon !lien!tion ren"ere" it oi" n"er !rti(le 7= ofthe ol" Ciil Co"e !n" th!t the 1949 p!rtition i% in!li" !n", therefore, the "e(e"ent$%e%t!te %hol" be "i%tribte" !((or"in# to the rle% on inte%t!(*+-he tri!l (ort "i%mi%%e" the !(tion on the #ron"% of re% 5"i(!t! !n" l!(he%+-om!% Corp% !ppe!le" to the Cort of Appe!l% &hi(h (ertifie" the !ppe!l to thi%Cort be(!%e it inole% re!l propert* !le" !t more th!n fift* tho%!n" pe%o%

!SS"#2ON )!nit! Corp%, the mother of !ppell!nt om!% Corp%, &!% ! le#!l heir of

 3!n#(o, th% #iin# om!% Corp% ! (!%e of !(tion to re(oer hi% mother$% %ppo%e"inte%t!te %h!re in 3!n#(o$% e%t!te

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SUCCESSION A2010 page 59

$#LD-he tri!l (ort fon" th!t eo"oro >+ 3!n#(o &!% !n !(no&le"#e" n!tr!l (hil" !n"not ! le#itim!te (hil" thro#h the %t!tement in the &ill of hi% f!ther, i% >!f!el

 3!n#(o, "!te" )ne 14, 1907, th!t eo"oro !n" hi% three other (hil"ren &ere hi%acknowledged natural children. -On the other h!n", the (hil"ren of >!mon! Ar#elle% !n" om!% Corp% !repre%me" to be le#itim!te+

-Sin(e eo"oro >+ 3!n#(o &!% !n !(no&le"#e" n!tr!l (hil" or &!% ille#itim!te !n"%in(e )!nit! Corp% &!% the le#itim!te (hil" of )o%e Corp%, him%elf ! le#itim!te (hil",&e hol" th!t !ppell!nt om!% Corp% h!% no (!%e of !(tion for the re(oer* of the%ppo%e" here"it!r* %h!re of hi% mother, )!nit! Corp%, !% ! le#!l heir, in 3!n#(o$%e%t!te+- )!nit! Corp% &!% not ! le#!l heir of 3!n#(o be(!%e there i% no re(ipro(!l%((e%%ion bet&een le#itim!te !n" ille#itim!te rel!tie%+-Arti(le 94 of the ol" Ciil (o"e Dprohibit% !ll %((e%%or* re(ipro(it* morti% (!%!bet&een le#itim!te !n" ille#itim!te rel!tie%D-he rle in !rti(le 94 i% no& fon" in !rti(le 99 of the Ciil Co"e &hi(h proi"e%th!t D!n ille#itim!te (hil" h!% no ri#ht to inherit ab intestato from the le#itim!te(hil"ren !n" rel!tie% of hi% f!ther or mother; nor %h!ll %(h (hil"ren or rel!tie%inherit in the %!me m!nner from the ille#itim!te (hil"D+-h!t rle i% b!%e" on the theor* th!t the ille#itim!te (hil" i% "i%#r!(efll* looe"pon b* the le#itim!te f!mil* &hile the le#itim!te f!mil* i%, in trn, h!te" b* theille#itim!te (hil"+-he l!& "oe% not re(o#ni?e the bloo" tie !n" %ee% to !o" frther #ron"% ofre%entment-:n"er !rti(le% 944 !n" 94 of the Sp!ni%h Ciil Co"e, Dif !n !(no&le"#e" n!tr!l orle#itim!te" (hil" %hol" "ie &ithot i%%e, either le#itim!te or !(no&le"#e", thef!ther or mother &ho !(no&le"#e" %(h (hil" %h!ll %((ee" to it% entire e%t!te; !n"if both !(no&le"#e" it !n" !re !lie, the* %h!ll inherit from it %h!re !n" %h!re !lie+In "ef!lt of n!tr!l !%(en"!nt%, n!tr!l !n" le#itim!te" (hil"ren %h!ll be %((ee"e"b* their natural brother% !n" %i%ter% in !((or"!n(e &ith the rle% e%t!bli%he" forle#itim!te brother% !n" %i%ter%+D-Ben(e, eo"oro >+ 3!n#(o$% h!lf brother% on the Corp% %i"e, &ho &ere le#itim!te,h!" no ri#ht to %((ee" to hi% e%t!te n"er the rle% of inte%t!(*+

SA4S-N v CA SA4S-NE

0 SC>A 1C>:K; )!n!r* , 199

NAT"#Petition for reie& b* (ertior!ri+ At i%%e in thi% (!%e i% the %t!t% of the pri!tere%pon"ent% !n" their (!p!(it* to inherit from their !lle#e" p!rent% !n" #r!n"p!rent%+

 he petitioner% "en* them th!t ri#ht, !%%ertin# if for them%ele% to the e'(l%ion of !llother%+

FACTS- Eleno !n" >!f!el! S!*%on h!" (hil"ren .!ri(io, >o%!rio, 8!%ili%o, >eme"io% !n"

 eo"oro- eo"oro m!rrie" I%!bel 8!ti%t!- eo"oro !n" I%!bel! h!" (hil"ren <eli!, E"mn"o !n" <oribel

- Eleno !n" >!f!el! S!*%on "ie", !n" %o "i" eo"oro !n" I%!bel!+- <eli!, E"mn"o !n" <oribel file" ! (ompl!int for the !((ontin# !n" p!rtition of the

e%t!te of Eleno !n" >!f!el! S!*%on, !#!in%t the (opleH% 4 %riin# (hil"ren+ he*!%%erte" th!t <eli! !n" E"mn"o &ere the !"opte" (hil"ren !n" <oribel &!% thele#itim!te "!#hter of eo"oro !n" I%!bel !n" th!t, !% %(h, the* &ere entitle" toinherit eo"orH% %h!re in hi% p!rent%H e%t!te b* ri#ht of repre%ent!tion- the lo&er (ort rle" in f!or of <eli!, E"mn"o !n" <oribel, %!*in# the* &ereentitle" to inherit from Eleno !n" >!f!el! b* ri#ht of repre%ent!tion !SS"#2ON <eli!, E"mn"o !n" <oribel h!e the ri#ht of repre%ent!tion, #iin# them theri#ht to repre%ent their "e(e!%e" f!ther eo"oro in the "i%tribtion of the inte%t!tee%t!te of their #r!n"p!rent%

$#LD1+ 3ES !n" NO <oribel i% entitle" to her f!therH% %h!re of her #r!n"p!rent%H e%t!tethro#h her ri#ht of repre%ent!tion, bt <eli! !n" E"mn"o !re not %o entitle"+Ratio A"opte" (hil"ren "o not h!e the ri#ht of repre%ent!tionReasoning A% the le#itim!te "!#hter of eo"oro !n" th% the #r!n""!#hter ofEleno !n" >!f!el!, <oribel h!% ! ri#ht to repre%ent her "e(e!%e" f!ther in the"i%tribtion of the inte%t!te e%t!te of her #r!n"p!rent%+ :n"er Arti(le 9=1,

Art+ 9=1+ Shol" (hil"ren of the "e(e!%e" !n" "e%(en"!nt% of other (hil"ren &ho!re "e!", %rie, the former %h!ll inherit in their o&n ri#ht, !n" the l!tter b* ri#htof repre%ent!tion+

%he i% entitle" to the %h!re her f!ther &ol" h!e "ire(tl* inherite" h!" he %rie",&hi(h %h!ll be e!l to the %h!re% of her #r!n"p!rent%$ other (hil"ren+8t ! "ifferent (on(l%ion m%t be re!(he" in the (!%e of <eli! !n" E"mn"o, to&hom the #r!n"p!rent% &ere tot!l %tr!n#er%+ 2hile it i% tre th!t the !"opte" (hil"%h!ll be "eeme" to be ! le#itim!te (hil" !n" h!e the %!me ri#ht !% the l!tter, the%eri#ht% "o not in(l"e the ri#ht of repre%ent!tion+ he rel!tion%hip (re!te" b* the!"option i% bet&een onl* the !"optin# p!rent% !n" the !"opte" (hil" !n" "oe% note'ten" to the bloo" rel!tie% of either p!rt*+

::!& -D# -F !NT#STAT#L #-NAD- v CA @+>+ No+ -16

<E CAS>O; Febr!r* =, 19=

FACTS-Fr!n(i%(! >e*e% "ie" inte%t!te+ She &!% %rie" b* "!#hter%, .!ri! !n" Sile%tr!,!n" ! #r!n"%on, Sotero Leonardo SoteroE, the %on of her "!#hter, P!%(!l!, &hopre"e(e!%e" her+ Sotero !n" Sile%tr! both "ie"+-Cresen%iano Leonardo Cresen%ianoE, (l!imin# to be the %on of the l!te Soteroeon!r"o, file" ! (ompl!int for o&ner%hip of propertie% %eein# 5"#ment, !mon#other%, to be "e(l!re" one of the l!&fl heir% of the "e(e!%e" Fr!n(i%(! >e*e%,entitle" to one-h!lf %h!re in the e%t!te of %!i" "e(e!%e" 5ointl* &ith the otherrem!inin# heir .!ri!-.!ri! !%%erte" e'(l%ie o&ner%hip %!*in# th!t Cre%en(i!no i% !n illegitimate %hild&ho CANH %((ee" b* ri#ht of repre%ent!tion+ C rle" in hi% f!or+ CA reer%e"+Ben(e, thi% petition+

!SS"#2ON Cre%en(i!no i% !n heir in the inherit!n(e in e%tion

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SUCCESSION A2010 page 60

$#LDN-& Other th!n hi% b!re !lle#!tion, Cre%en(i!no "i" not %bmit !n* "r!ble ei"en(e%ho&in# th!t the $Alfre"o eon!r"o$ mentione" in the birth (ertifi(!te i% no other th!nhe him%elf+ SC %!fel* (on(l"e" th!t Cre%en(i!no f!ile" to proe hi% fili!tion &hi(h i% !fn"!ment!l rei%ite in thi% !(tion &here he i% (l!imin# to be !n heir in theinherit!n(e in e%tion+ EVEN IF itH% tre th!t Cre%en(i!no i% the (hil" of Sotero, stillhe %annot, b* ri#ht of repre%ent!tion, (l!im ! %h!re of the e%t!te left b* the"e(e!%e" Fr!n(i%(! >e*e% (on%i"erin# th!t, !% fon" !#!in b* the CA, he &!% born

ot%i"e &e"lo( !n" &h!t i% more, hi% !lle#e" f!ther$% fir%t m!rri!#e &!% %till%b%i%tin#+ At mo%t, Cre%en(i!no &ol" be !n illegitimate %hild who has no rightto inherit ab intestato from the legitimate %hildren and relatives of hisfather, lie the "e(e!%e" Fr!n(i%(! >e*e%+ /Arti%le 88', Ciil Co"e

5ASC"AL v 5ASC"ALIBA"T!STA07 SC>A 61

PA>AS; .!r(h , 199

FACTSPetitioner% !re !(no&le"#e" n!tr!l (hil"ren of brother of the "e(e"ent /&ho "ie"inte%t!te+ he* &!nt to repre%ent their f!ther in hi% %((e%%ion to the inte%t!te e%t!teof the "e(e"ent+ Petitioner% %!* th!t !% !(no&le"#e" n!tr!l (hil"ren of the brotherof the "e(e"ent, the* !re not e'(l"e" from inheritin#, !% onl* %prio% (hil"ren !re

ille#itim!te (hil"ren in (ontempl!tion of the l!&+

!SS"#2ON the ille#itim!te (hil"ren in(l"e% onl* %prio% (hil"ren, !n" e'(l"e% !(nH"n!tr!l (hil"ren

$#LDNO+- Arti(le 99 of the Ciil Co"e, proi"e%

 An illegitimate child has no right to inherit ab intestato "rom the legitimate childrenand relati%es o" his "ather or mother> nor shall such children or relati%es inherit in thesame manner "rom the illegitimate child.- he rle% l!i" "o&n in Arti(le 9= th!t [grandchildren and other descendants shallinherit by right o" representation$ !n" in Arti(le 90 th!t the rights o" illegitimatechildren . . . are transmitted upon their death to their descendants whether legitimate

or illegitimate !re sb?e%t to the limitation +res%ribed by Arti%le 88' to the en" th!t !n ille#itim!te (hil" h!% no ri#ht to inherit !b inte%t!to from the le#itim!te(hil"ren !n" rel!tie% of hi% f!ther or mother+- In <i!? + IACDArti(le 99 of the Ciil Co"e proi"e% ! b!rrier or iron (rt!in in th!t it prohibit%!b%oltel* ! %((e%%ion ab intestato bet&een the ille#itim!te (hil" !n" the le#itim!te(hil"ren !n" rel!tie% of the f!ther or mother of %!i" le#itim!te (hil"+ he* m!* h!e! n!tr!l tie of bloo", bt thi% i% not re(o#ni?e" b* l!& for the prpo%e% of Arti(le 99+8et&een the le#itim!te f!mil* !n" ille#itim!te f!mil* there i% pre%me" to be !ninterenin# !nt!#oni%m !n" in(omp!tibilit*+ he ille#itim!te (hil" i% "i%#r!(efll*looe" "o&n pon b* the le#itim!te f!mil*; the f!mil* i% in trn h!te" b* theille#itim!te (hil"; the l!tter (on%i"er% the priile#e" (on"ition of the former, !n" there%or(e% of &hi(h it i% thereb* "eprie"; the former, in trn, %ee% in the ille#itim!te(hil" nothin# bt the pro"(t of %in, p!lp!ble ei"en(e of ! blemi%h broen in life thel!& "oe% no more th!n re(o#ni?e thi% trth, b* !oi"in# frther #ron"% of

re%entment+D

- Cle!rl* the term illegitimate refers to both natral and s+rios+- :n"er Arti(le 176 of the F!mil* Co"e, !ll ille#itim!te (hil"ren !re #ener!ll* pl!(e"n"er one (!te#or*, &hi(h n"obte"l* %ettle% the i%%e !% to &hether or not!(no&le"#e" n!tr!l (hil"ren %hol" be tre!te" "ifferentl*, in the ne#!tie+- It m!* be %!i" th!t the l!& m!* be h!r%h bt th!t i% the l!&

#A.- v $ANS#N

EN>I:EK; ):NE 4, 196NAT"#Appe!l from ! 5"#ment of the Cort of Fir%t In%t!n(e of .!nil!

FACTS )li! @!l!n# "ie" inte%t!te on September 1, 1960, le!in# ! re%i"enti!l lot !n" ho%e(oere" b* C No+ 6=+ he lot &!% !(ire" in 196 "rin# the m!rri!#e of )li!@!l!n# to Font!nill! /190-1944 &ho (on%tr(te" ! ho%e thereon in 19=+ On .!*1, 1947, pl!intiff Er!?o m!rrie" @!l!n#, &hile (o-pl!intiff% >om!n! @!l!n# !n" )o%e@!l!n# !re the %i%ter !n" brother, re%pe(tiel*, of )li!, !n" Feli(i"!" C!%!5e !n"

 )li!n! C!%!5e !re the (hil"ren of ! "e(e!%e" %i%ter, )!n! @!l!n#+

After the "e!th of )li! @!l!n#, "efen"!nt An! )li! B!n%en, (l!imin# to be the onl*(hil" !n" le#!l heir of the "e(e!%e", !"5"i(!te" to her%elf the ho%e !n" lot

!forementione" pr%!nt to Se( 1, >le 74 of the >le% of Cort+ In irte thereof, the>e#i%ter of <ee"% of .!nil! (!n(elle" C No+ 6= !n" i%%e" in f!or of "efen"!nt C No+ 6191+ he Cort of Fir%t In%t!n(e of .!nil! "i%mi%%e" pl!intiffH% (ompl!int&hi(h pr!*% to "e(l!re them the o&ner% of the ho%e !n" lot of the "e(e!%e" )li!@!l!n# !n" for re(one*!n(e thereof to them+ Ben(e, thi% !ppe!l+

!SS"#2ON Er!?o i% o&ner of one-h!lf intere%t in the ho%e !n" lot (oere" b* C No+6191

$#LD 3ES+ Arti(le 996 of the ne& Ciil Co"e proi"e% If ! &i"o& or &i"o&er !n" le#itim!te(hil"ren or "e%(en"!nt% !re left, the %riin# %po%e h!% in the %((e%%ion the %!me%h!re !% th!t of e!(h of the (hil"ren+ Profe%%or% olentino, P!r!%, !n" )r!"o belieeth!t the (!%e i% #oerne" b* Arti(le 996 n"er the rle of %t!ttor* (on%tr(tion th!tthe plr!l (!n be n"er%too" to in(l"e the %in#l!r, "e%pite the !pp!rent nf!irne%%to the (hil", !% !(no&le"#e" b* olentino, &ho "oe% not #et !n* in(re!%e oer hi%le#itime, &hile the %po%e re(eie% "oble hi% le#itime &hi(h, moreoer, h!% been(onerte" from %fr(t to fll o&ner%hip+ Ben(e, both &ill #et e!l inte%t!te%h!re%, in !((or"!n(e &ith the (le!r intent of the l!& to consider the spouse as achild.B  he &i"o&er !n" the (hil" e!(h #et% of the e%t!te+

SANT!LL-N v 3!ANDA@+>+ No+ -19=1

8EN@KON; )ne 0, 196

NAT"#Appe!l

FACTS

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SUCCESSION A2010 page 61

- No+ 1, 19 Pe"ro S!ntillon "ie" inte%t!te in !*#, P!n#!%in!n, hi% re%i"en(e,le!in# one %on, Cl!ro, !n" hi% &ife, Perfe(t! .ir!n"!+ <rin# hi% m!rri!#e, Pe"ro!(ire" %eer!l p!r(el% of l!n" lo(!te" in th!t proin(e+- Abot 4 *e!r% !fter hi% "e!th, Cl!ro S!ntillon file" ! petition for letter% of!"mini%tr!tion+-Perfe(t! !n" the %po%e% 8enito :+ .ir!n"! !n" >o%!rio Corr!le% oppo%e" on the ff#ron"%

/! th!t the propertie% enmer!te" in the petition &ere !ll (on5#!l, e'(ept

three p!r(el% &hi(h Perfe(t! .ir!n"! (l!ime" to be her e'(l%ie propertie%;/b th!t Perfe(t! b* irte of "o(ment% h!" (one*e" G4 of her n"ii"e"%h!re in mo%t of the propertie% enmer!te" in the petition to %!i" %po%e%8enito !n" >o%!rio;/( th!t !"mini%tr!tion of the e%t!te &!% not ne(e%%!r*, there bein# ! (!%efor p!rtition pen"in#; !n"/" th!t if !"mini%tr!tion &!% ne(e%%!r* !t !ll, Perfe(t! !n" not the Cl!ro &!%better !lifie" for the po%t+ It !ppe!r% th!t %b%eentl*, Perfe(t! &!%!ppointe" !"mini%tr!tri' of the e%t!te+

- .!r(h , 1961, the (ort !ppointe" (ommi%%ioner% to "r!ft &ithin 60 "!*%, !pro5e(t of p!rtition !n" "i%tribtion of !ll the propertie% of the "e(e!%e" Pe"ro+- Cl!ro file" ! D.otion to <e(l!re Sh!re of Beir%D !n" to re%ole the (onfli(tin# (l!im%of the p!rtie% &ith re%pe(t to their re%pe(tie ri#ht% in the e%t!te+ Inoin# Art+ =9/NCC, Cl!ro (l!ime" G4 of Pe"ro$% inherit!n(e, &hile Perfe(t! (l!ime" !% perA996+- CFI or"ere" th!t in the inte%t!te %((e%%ion of the "e(e!%e" Pe"ro, Perfe(t! %h!llinherit 1G %h!re !n" the rem!inin# 1G %h!re for their onl* %on, Att*+ Cl!ro S!ntillon!fter "e"(tin# the %h!re of the &i"o& !% (o-o&ner of the (on5#!l propertie%+- Ben(e, Cl!ro\% !ppe!l to thi% Cort+

!SS"#Bo& %h!ll the e%t!te of ! per%on &ho "ie% inte%t!te be "ii"e" &hen the onl* %rior%!re the %po%e !n" one le#itim!te (hil"J G2ON A+=9 or A+996 !pplie%

$#LDSin(e thi% i% !n inte%t!te pro(ee"in#, onl* A+ 996 i% !ppli(!ble+-Cl!ro (!nnot rel* on Art+ =9 to %pport hi% (l!im to G4 of hi% f!ther$% e%t!te !% A=9f!ll% n"er the (h!pter of e%t!ment!r* S((e%%ion in the NCC+ Art =9 merel* fi'e%the  legitime of the %riin# %po%e !n" Art+ === thereof, the legitime of (hil"ren in

testate succession+ 2hile it m!* in"i(!te the intent of the l!& &ith re%pe(t to the i"e!l%h!re% th!t ! (hil" !n" ! %po%e %hol" #et &hen the* (on(r &ith e!(h other, it "oe%not fi' the !mont of %h!re% th!t %(h (hil" !n" %po%e !re entitle" to when intestacyoccurs+

- On A+ 996, )%ti(e )+8++ >e*e% n"er thi% !rti(le, &hen the &i"o& %rie% &ith onl*one le#itim!te (hil", the* %h!re the e%t!te in e!l p!rt%+   Sen+ olentino in hi%(omment!rie% &rite% !% follo&%

One (hil" Sriin#+ If there i% onl* one le#itim!te (hil" %riin# &ith the%po%e, %in(e the* %h!re e!ll*, one-h!lf of the e%t!te #oe% to the (hil" !n"the other h!lf #oe% to the %riin# %po%e+ Altho#h the l!& refer% toD(hil"ren or "e%(en"!nt%,D the rle in %t!ttor* (on%tr(tion th!t the plr!l(!n be n"er%too" to in(l"e the %in#l!r i% !ppli(!ble in thi% (!%e+/olentino, Ciil Co"e of the Philippine%, Vol+ III, p+ 46+

- he theor* of tho%e hol"in# other&i%e %eem% to be premi%e" on the%e propo%ition%/! Art+ 996 %pe!% of DChil"ren,D F it "oe% not !ppl* &hen there i% onl* one D(hil"D;

(on%eentl* Art+ =9 /!n" Art+ === %hol" be !pplie", thr ! pro(e%% of 5"i(i!l

(on%tr(tion !n" !n!lo#*; /b Art+ 996 i% n5%t or nf!ir be(!%e, &here!% in testate%((e%%ion, the &i"o& i% !%%i#ne" one-forth onl* /Art+ =9, %he &ol" #et 1G inintestate+- SACON .AI. &or"% in plr!l in(l"e the %in#l!r+  So Art+ 996 (ol" or %hol" bere!" /!n" %o !pplie" DIf the &i"o& or &i"o&er !n" ! le#itim!te child !re left, the%riin# %po%e h!% the %!me %h!re !% th!t of the child+D In"ee", if &e ref%e to!ppl* the !rti(le to thi% (!%e on the #ron" th!t D(hil"D i% not in(l"e" in D(hil"ren,Dthe (on%een(e% &ol" be tremen"o%, be(!%e D(hil"renD &ill not in(l"e D(hil"D in

Art% ==7, ===, ==6 !n" 901+- In te%t!te %((e%%ion, &here there i% onl* one (hil" of the m!rri!#e, the (hil" #et%one-h!lf, !n" the &i"o& or &i"o&er one-forth+ 8t in inte%t!te , if Art+ 996 i% !pplie"no&, the (hil" #et% one-h!lf, and the widow or widower one-hal" + On thi% point, it i% not(orre(t to !%%me th!t in te%t!te %((e%%ion the &i"o& or &i"o&er D#et% onl* one-forth+D She or he may get one-hal"  - if the te%t!tor %o &i%he%+ So, the l!& irt!ll*le!e% it to e!(h of the %po%e% to "e(i"e /b* te%t!ment, &hether hi% or her onl* (hil"%h!ll #et more th!n hi% or her %rior+- A=4 of the Sp!ni%h Ciil Co"e, from &hi(h Art+ 996 &!% t!en, (ont!ine" twop!r!#r!ph% #oernin# t&o (ontin#en(ie%, the fir%t, &here the &i"o& or &i"o&er%rie% &ith le#itim!te (hil"ren /#ener!l rle, !n" the %e(on", &here the &i"o& or&i"o&er %rie% &ith onl* one (hil" /e'(eption, &here!% Art+ 996 omitte" to proi"efor the %e(on" %it!tion, thereb* in"i(!tin# the le#i%l!tor$% "e%ire to proml#!te 5%tone #ener!l rle !ppli(!ble to both %it!tion%+

B!C-3-NG v AL3AN.A=0 SC>A 41

@:E>>E>O; Noember 9, 1977

NAT"#Appe!l from "e(i%ion of CFI .!nil!

FACTS• SI.EON 8A@SIC !n" SISENAN<>A 8A>CENAS /"ie" /fir%t m!rri!#eo Perpet! /"ie" @!"en(io 8i(omon# Feli(i"!" 8i(omon# S!lome 8i(omon#

@er!(io 8i(omon#o I#me"i! /"ie" <ioni%io olentino .!ri! olentino Petr! olentino

o I#n!(io /"ie" Fr!n(i%(! 8!#%i(

• SI.EON 8A@SIC /"ie" !n" SIVES>A @O>IOSO /"ie" /%e(on" m!rri!#eo Felip! /"ie" !n" @eronimo Alm!n?! Cri%tet! Alm!n?! /"ie" !n" En#r!(io .!ne%e

o .!r! /"ie"- he %b5e(t m!tter i% the h!lf n"ii"e" %h!re of .!r! 8!#%i( in p!r(el% of l!n"&G( %he inherite" from Sile%tr! @lorio%o+- here !re %et% of pl!intiff% the 8i(omon#%+ he olentino%, !n" Fr!n(i%(! 8!#%i(,for their %h!re% in the propertie% of .!r! 8!#%i(+- 2hen .!r! 8!#%i( "ie", the propertie% p!%%e" on to Cri%tet! Alm!n?!, &ho !l%o

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SUCCESSION A2010 page 62

"ie" &ithot "ii%ion of the propertie%+- ri!l (ort ren"ere" 5"#ment in f!or of pl!intiff%+- Alm!n?!% !ppe!le" to CA+ It &!% (onten"e" th!t %in(e .!r! "ie" !he!" of Felip!,Felip! %((ee"e" to .!r!H% e%t!te, to the e'(l%ion of the pl!intiff%+ he* %!i" therel!tie% ne!re%t in "e#ree e'(l"e% the more "i%t!nt one%+- he pl!intiff% (l!im th!t Felip! "ie" !he!" of .!r!+- CA (ertifie" (!%e to SC+

!SS"#S2ON .!r! i% %((ee"e" b* Felip! to the e'(l%ion of nephe&% !n" nie(e% of h!lfbloo"

$#LDNO+- In the !b%en(e of "e%(en"!nt%, !%(en"!nt%, ille#itim!te (hil"ren, or %riin#%po%e, (oll!ter!l rel!tie% %((ee" to the entire e%t!te of "e(e!%e"+- Sin(e .!r! "ie" inte%t!te !n" her h%b!n" !n" her !%(en"!nt% "ie" !he!" of her,%he i% %((e"e" b* %riin# (oll!ter!l rel!tie%, n!mel* the "!#hter of her %i%ter offll bloo" !n" the (hil"ren of her brother !n" %i%ter% of h!lf bloo", in !((or"!n(e &ithArt 97 of Ne& Ciil Co"e+- he nephe&% !n" nie(e% !re entitle" to inherit in their o&n ri#ht+ Nephe&% !n"nie(e% !lone "o not inherit b* ri#ht of repre%ent!tion /th!t i% per %tirpe% nle%%(on(rrin# &ith brother% or %i%ter% of the "e(e!%e"+

- he (ontention th!t .!r! %hol" be %((ee"e" b* Felip! to the e'(l%ion of thenephe&% !n" nie(e% of h!lf bloo" i% erroneo%+ A% it &!% %ho&n, Felip! pre"e(e!%e"her %i%ter .!r!+

BACA4- v B--3#-14 SC>A 9=6

>E3ES, )8; A#%t 1, 196

NAT"#Appe!l from the <e(i%ion of the CFI of Ceb

FACTS- .ore th!n ten *e!r% h!in# el!p%e" %in(e the l!%t time .elo"i! Ferr!ri% &!% no&nto be !lie, %he &!% "e(l!re" pre%mptiel* "e!" for prpo%e% of openin# her%((e%%ion !n" "i%tribtin# her e%t!te !mon# her heir%+- he "e(e!%e" &!% %rie" onl* b* (oll!ter!l rel!tie%, n!mel*, !n !nt, &ho i% theh!lf- %i%ter of "e(e"ent$% f!ther, !n" b* her nie(e% !n" nephe&, &ho &ere the (hil"renof her onl* brother of fll bloo", &ho pre-"e(e!%e" her+ he%e t&o (l!%%e% of heir%(l!im to be the ne!re%t inte%t!te heir% !n" %ee to p!rti(ip!te in the e%t!te of %!i".elo"i! Ferr!ri%+- CFI rle" th!t the (hil"ren of the onl* pre"e(e!%e" brother of the "e(e"ent e'(l"ethe !nt of the %!me "e(e"ent, re!%onin# ot th!t the former !re ne!rer in "e#ree/t&o "e#ree% th!n the l!tter %in(e nie(e% !n" nephe& %((ee" b* ri#ht ofrepre%ent!tion, &hile petitioner- !ppell!nt i% three "e#ree% "i%t!nt from the "e(e"ent,!n" th!t other (oll!ter!l rel!tie% !re e'(l"e" b* brother% or %i%ter%, or (hil"ren ofbrother% or %i%ter% of the "e(e"ent in !((or"!n(e &ith !rti(le 1009 of the Ne& CiilCo"e+

!SS"#S

2ON the nephe&% !n" nie(e% of the "e(e"ent &ol" e'(l"e the !nt of the "e(e"entfrom inheritin# from the inte%t!te e%t!te of the "e(e!%e"

$#LD 3ESRatio A "e(e"ent$% n(le% !n" !nt% m!* not %((ee" !b inte%t!to %o lon# !%nephe&% !n" nie(e% of the "e(e"ent %rie !n" !re &illin# !n" !lifie" to %((ee"+Reasoning

- A% !n !nt of the "e(e!%e", %he i% !% f!r "i%t!nt !% the nephe&% from the "e(e"ent/three "e#ree% %in(e in the (oll!ter!l line to &hi(h both in"% of rel!tie% belon#"e#ree% !re (onte" b* fir%t !%(en"in# to the (ommon !n(e%tor !n" then "e%(en"in#to the heir /Ciil Co"e, Art+ 966+ Appell!nt i% lie&i%e ri#ht in her (ontention th!tnephe&% !n" nie(e% !lone "o not inherit b* ri#ht of repre%ent!tion nle%% (on(rrin#&ith brother% or %i%ter% of the "e(e!%e", !% proi"e" e'pre%%l* b* Arti(le 97- Neerthele%%, the CFI (orre(tl* hel" th!t, in (!%e of inte%t!(*, nephe&% !n" nie(e% ofthe "e (5% e'(l"e !ll other (oll!ter!l% /!nt% !n" n(le%, fir%t (o%in%, et(+ fromthe %((e%%ion+ hi% i% re!"il* !pp!rent from !rti(le% 1001, 1004, 100, !n" 1009 ofthe Ciil Co"e of the Philippine%+- :n"er Art+ 1009, the !b%en(e of brother%, %i%ter%, nephe&% !n" nie(e% of the"e(e"ent i% ! pre(on"ition to the other (oll!ter!l% /n(le%, (o%in%, et(+ bein# (!lle"to the %((e%%ion+- Appell!nt% ote olentino$% (omment!rie% !% "e(l!rin# th!t Arti(le 1009 "oe% note%t!bli%h ! rle of preferen(e+ 2hi(h i% tre !% to Dother (oll!ter!l%D, %in(e preferen(e

!mon# them i% !((or"in# to their pro'imit* to the "e(e"ent, !% e%t!bli%he" b* Arti(le96, p!r!#r!ph 1+ 8t olentino "oe% not %t!te th!t nephe&% !n" nie(e% (on(r &ithother (oll!ter!l% of e!l "e#ree+ On the (ontr!r*, olentino e'pre%%l* %t!te% OtherColl!ter!l%+L The last o" the relati%es o" the decedent to succeed in intestatesuccession are the collaterals other than brothers or sisters or children o" brothers orsisters...

::!!!& CA5AC!T4 T- S"CC##D

5A!S$ 5!#ST -F 1!CT-!A v !G-=9 SC>A 49

A:INO, April 0, 1979

NAT"#APPEA from the "e(i%ion of the CA+

FACTS- F!ther >i#or, the p!ri%h prie%t of Plil!n, 8l!(!n, "ie" in 19, le!in# ! &ill &hi(h&!% prob!te" b* the CFI of !rl!(+ N!me" !% "ei%ee% in the &ill &ere the te%t!tor$%ne!re%t rel!tie% hi% %i%ter% !n" ! (o%in+- In !""ition, the &ill (ont!ine" ! (ontroer%i!l bee%t ! "ei%e of ri(e l!n"% &ith !tot!l !re! of !ron" 44 he(t!re% in f!or of hi% ne!re%t m!le rel!tie &ho &ol" %t"*for the prie%thoo"+ he p!ri%h prie%t of Vi(tori! &ol" !"mini%ter the ri(e l!n"% "rin#the inter!l of time th!t no ne!re%t m!le rel!tie of the te%t!tor &!% %t"*in# for theprie%thoo"+- In!%m(h !% no nephe& of the te%t!tor (l!ime" the "ei%e !n" !% the !"mini%tr!tri'!n" the le#!l heir% beliee" th!t the p!ri%h prie%t of Vi(tori! h!" no ri#ht to !"mini%terthe ri(e l!n"%, the %!me &ere not "eliere" to th!t e((le%i!%ti(+ he te%t!te

pro(ee"in# rem!ine" pen"in#+

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- In 197 the p!ri%h prie%t file" ! petition for the "elier* of the ri(e l!n"% to the(hr(h !% tr%tee+ he inte%t!te heir% of F!ther >i#or (ontere" &ith ! petition pr!*in#th!t the bee%t he "e(l!re" inoper!tie !n" th!t the* be !"5"#e" !% the per%on%entitle" to the %!i" ri(e l!n"% %in(e no ne!re%t m!le rel!tie of the te%t!tor h!% eer%t"ie" for the prie%thoo"+ he lo&er (ort "e(l!re" the bee%t inoper!tie !n"!"5"i(!te" the ri(e l!n"% to the te%t!tor$% le#!l$% heir%+ he p!ri%h prie%t file" t&omotion% for re(on%i"er!tion+ he %e(on" .> &!% #r!nte" on the #ron" th!t thete%t!tor h!" ! #r!n"nephe& n!me" E"#!r"o Cn!n!n /hi% (o%inH% #r!n"%on &ho

!ppe!r% to h!e been born !fter hi% "e!th &ho &!% ! %emin!ri!n in the S!n )o%eSemin!r* of the )e%it F!ther% in C+ he !"mini%tr!tor &!% "ire(te" to "elier the ri(el!n"% to the p!ri%h prie%t of Vi(tori! !% tr%tee+ /2hile the (!%e &!% pen"in#, in 1961,E"#!r"o (e!%e" to be ! %emin!ri!n+- he CA reer%e" th!t or"er+ It hel" th!t F!ther >i#or h!" (re!te" ! te%t!ment!r*tr%t for hi% ne!re%t m!le rel!tie &ho &ol" t!e the hol* or"er% bt th!t %(h tr%t(ol" e'i%t onl* for 0 *e!r% be(!%e to enfor(e it be*on" th!t perio" &ol" iol!teDthe rle !#!in%t perpetitie%D+ It rle" th!t %in(e no le#!tee (l!ime" the ri(e l!n"%&ithin 0 !fter the te%t!tor$% "e!th, the %!me %hol" p!%% to hi% le#!l heir%, (itin# Art%=== !n" 91/ of the ol" CC !n" Art =70 of the ne& CC+

!SS"#2ON the te%t!tor (ontempl!te" onl* hi% ne!re%t m!le rel!tie !t the time of hi% "e!th!n" not !n* of hi% ne!re%t m!le rel!tie% !t !n*time !fter hi% "e!thJ

$#LD 3ES+ Onl* hi% ne!re%t m!le rel!tie !t the time of hi% "e!th+Ratio In or"er to be (!p!(it!te" to inherit, the heir, "ei%ee or le#!tee m%t be liin#!t the moment the %((e%%ion open%, e'(ept in (!%e of repre%ent!tion, &hen it i%proper+Reasoning  he %!i" te%t!ment!r* proi%ion% %hol" be %en%ibl* or re!%on!bl*(on%tre"+ o (on%tre them !% referrin# to the te%t!tor$% ne!re%t m!le rel!tie !t!n*time !fter hi% "e!th &ol" ren"er the proi%ion% "iffi(lt to !ppl* !n" (re!ten(ert!int* !% to the "i%po%ition of hi% e%t!te+ h!t (ol" not h!e been hi% intention+- B!" the te%t!tor inten"e" to in(l"e in"efinitel* !n*one of hi% ne!re%t m!le rel!tie%born !fter hi% "e!th he (ol" h!e %o %pe(ifie" in hi% &ill+ Be m%t h!e no&n th!t%(h ! bro!" proi%ion &ol" %%pen" for !n nlimite" perio" of time theeffi(!(io%ne%% of hi% bee%t+ he re!%on!ble ie& i% th!t he &!% referrin# to !%it!tion &hereb* hi% nephe& liin# !t the time of hi% "e!th, &ho &ol" lie tobe(ome ! prie%t, &!% %till in #r!"e %(hool or in hi#h %(hool or &!% not *et in the

Semin!r*+ In th!t (!%e, the p!ri%h prie%t of Vi(tori! &ol" !"mini%ter the ri(e l!n"%before the nephe& entere" the %emin!r*+ 8t the moment the te%t!tor$% nephe&entere" the %emin!r*, he &ol" be entitle" to en5o* !n" !"mini%ter the ri(e l!n"% !n"re(eie the frit%+ In th!t eent, the tr%tee%hip &ol" be termin!te"+- Follo&in# th!t interpret!tion of the &ill, the inir* &ol" be &hether !t the timeF!ther >i#or "ie" he h!" ! nephe& &ho &!% %t"*in# for the prie%thoo" or &ho h!"m!nife%te" hi% "e%ire to follo& the e((le%i!%ti(!l (!reer+ h!t er* i% (!te#ori(!ll*!n%&ere" in p!r!#r!ph 4 of !ppell!nt prie%t$% petition%+ Be neio(!ll* !lle#e"therein th!t no ne!re%t m!le rel!tie of the l!te F!ther >i#or h!% eer %t"ie" for theprie%thoo"+- In!%m(h !% the te%t!tor &!% not %rie" b* !n* nephe& &ho be(!me ! prie%t, then!oi"!ble (on(l%ion i% th!t the bee%t in e%tion &!% ineffe(t!l or inoper!tie+

 herefore, the !"mini%tr!tion of the ri(e l!n"% b* the p!ri%h prie%t of Vi(tori!, !%eni%!#e" in the &ill, &!% lie&i%e inoper!tie+- hi% (!%e i% (oere" b* Art 91/ of the ol" CC, no& Art 960/, &hi(h proi"e% th!tle#!l %((e%%ion t!e% pie(e &hen the &ill D"oe% not "i%po%e of !ll th!t belon#% to the

te%t!tor+D here bein# no %b%tittion or !((retion !% to the %!i" ri(e l!n"%, it %hol"be "i%tribte" !mon# the te%t!tor$% le#!l heir%+ he effe(t i% !% if the te%t!tor h!"m!"e no "i%po%ition !% to the %!i" ri(e l!n"%+

::!1& ACC#5TANC# AND #5"D!AT!-N -F !N$#!TANC#

D!.- v D!.-N

/S!r!hD!

::1& C-LLAT!-N3A!NAE D!.-NI!1#A v D!.-N

SC>A 4 EEBANEE; )ne 0, 1970

NAT"#Appe!l from CFI or"er% !pproin# the E'e(tri'-!ppelleeH% pro5e(t of p!rtition in%te!"of Oppo%itor%-Appell!nt%H propo%e" (onter-pro5e(t of p!rtition

FACTS- he te%t!tri', A#ripin! V!l"e?, ! &i"o&, "ie" !n" &!% %rie" b* 7 (ompl%or*

heir% 6 le#itim!te (hil"ren !n" ! le#itim!te #r!n""!#hter- 6 of the 7 (ompl%or* heir% !re the oppo%itor%-!ppell!nt%+ he rem!inin# 1G7 i%.!rin!, the e'e(tri'-!ppelle- In her &ill, V!l"e? (omm!n"e" th!t her propert* be "ii"e" in !((or"!n(e &ith herte%t!ment!r* "i%po%ition, &hereb* %he "ei%e" !n" bee!the" %pe(ifi( re!lpropertie% (ompri%in# pr!(ti(!ll* the entire bl of her e%t!te !mon# her %i' (hil"ren!n" ei#ht #r!n"(hil"ren+- the e'e(tri' file" her pro5e(t of p!rtition he e'e(tri' file" her pro5e(t of p!rtition"!te" Febr!r* , 1964, in %b%t!n(e !"5"i(!tin# the e%t!te !% follo&%/1 &ith the fi#re of P19,4+96 !% le#itime for ! b!%i% .!rin! /e'!(ltri'-!ppellee!n" om!% /!ppell!nt !re !"mitte"l* (on%i"ere" to h!e re(eie" in the &ill moreth!n their re%pe(tie le#itime, &hile the re%t of the !ppell!nt%, n!mel*, E%tel!,8ern!r"it!, An#elin!, )o%efin! !n" ili! re(eie" le%% th!n their re%pe(tie le#itime;/ th%, to e!(h of the l!tter !re !"5"i(!te" the propertie% re%pe(tiel* #ien themin the &ill, pl% (!%h !n"Gor propertie%, to (omplete their re%pe(tie le#itime% to

P19,4+96; / on the other h!n", .!rin! !n" om!% !re !"5"i(!te" the propertie%th!t the* re(eie" in the &ill le%% the (!%h !n"Gor propertie% ne(e%%!r* to (ompletethe pre5"i(e" le#itime mentione" in nmber !boe;/4 the !"5"i(!tion% m!"e in the &ill in f!or of the #r!n"(hil"ren rem!in nto(he"On the other h!n" oppo%itor% %bmitte" their o&n (onter-pro5e(t of p!rtition "!te"Febr!r* 14, 1964, &herein the* propo%e" the "i%tribtion of the e%t!te on thefollo&in# b!%i%/! !ll the te%t!ment!r* "i%po%ition% &ere proportion!ll* re"(e" to the !le of one-h!lf of the entire e%t!te, the !le of the %!i" one-h!lf !montin# to P90,4+7=; /bthe %h!re% of the Oppo%itor%-Appell!nt% %hol" (on%i%t of their le#itime, pl% the"ei%e% in their f!or proportion!ll* re"(e"; /( in p!*ment of the tot!l %h!re% of the!ppell!nt% in the entire e%t!te, the propertie% "ei%e" to them pl% other propertie%left b* the e%t!tri' !n"Gor (!%h !re !"5"i(!te" to them; !n" /" to the #r!n"(hil"ren&ho !re not (ompl%or* heir% !re !"5"i(!te" the propertie% re%pe(tiel* "ei%e" tothem %b5e(t to reimbr%ement b* @ilbert <+ @!r(i!, et !l+, of the %m% b* &hi(h the

"ei%e in their f!or %hol" be proportion!ll* re"(e"+

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SUCCESSION A2010 page 64

:n"er the oppo%itor%$ (onter-pro5e(t of p!rtition, the te%t!ment!r* "i%po%ition m!"eb* the te%t!tri' of pr!(ti(!ll* her &hole e%t!te of P1,=01,960+01, !% !boe %t!te",&ere propo%e" to be re"(e" to the !mont% %et forth !fter the n!me% of there%pe(tie heir% !n" "ei%ee% tot!llin# one-h!lf thereof !% follo&%1+ E%tel! <i?on +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ P 49,4=+6+ An#elin! <i?on +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ ,41+4+ 8ern!r"it! <i?on +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 6,11+044+ )o%efin! <i?on ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 6,19+=

+ om!% V+ <i?on +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 6,=74+046+ i li! <i?on ++++ ++ ++ ++ ++ +++ ++ +++ ++ ++ +++ ++ ++ ++ ++ ++++ ++ +++ +++ ++ + 6,7+17+ .!rin! <i?on +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 76,9=+==+ P!blo >ier!, )r+ +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 4,=14+09+ @r!n"(hil"ren @ilbert @!r(i! et !l ++++++++++ 6,4+=0

  o t ! l +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ P90,4+7=&hile the other h!lf of the e%t!te /P90,4+7= &ol" be "eeme" !% (on%tittin# thele#itime of the e'e(tri'-!ppellee !n" oppo%itor%-!ppell!nt%, to be "ii"e" !mon#them in %een e!l p!rt% of P19,6+11 !% their re%pe(tie le#itime%+- he lo&er (ort %%t!ine" !n" !pproe" the e'e(tri'$ pro5e(t of p!rtition, rlin#th!t D/Arti(le% 906 !n" 907 of the Ne& Ciil Co"e %pe(ifi(!ll* proi"e th!t &hen thele#itime i% imp!ire" or pre5"i(e", the %!me %h!ll be (omplete" !n" %!ti%fie"+ 2hile iti% tre th!t thi% pro(e%% h!% been follo&e" !n" !"here" to in the t&o pro5e(t% ofp!rtition, it i% ob%ere" that the e!ecutri! and the oppositors di""er in respect to thesource "rom which the portion or portions shall be taken in order to "ully restore the

impaired legitime+ he proposition o" the oppositors i" upheld will substantially resultin a distribution o" intestacy , &hi(h i% in (ontroer%ion of Arti(le 791 of the Ne& CiilCo"eD !""in# th!t Dthe testatri! has chosen to "a%or certain heirs in her will "orreasons o" her own cannot be doubted. This is legally permissible within the limitationo" the law, !% !fore(ite"+D 2ith referen(e to the p!*ment in (!%h of %omeP0,+=, prin(ip!ll* b* the e'e(tri' !% the l!r#e%t benefi(i!r* of the &ill to bep!i" to her fie (o-heir%, the oppo%itor% /e'(l"in# om!% <i?on, to (omplete theirimp!ire" le#itime%, the lo&er (ort rle" th!t D/he p!*ment in (!%h %o !% to m!ethe proper !"5%tment to meet &ith the reirement% of the l!& in re%pe(t tole#itime% &hi(h h!e been imp!ire" i%, in or opinion, ! pr!(ti(!l !n" !li" %oltion inor"er to #ie effe(t to the l!%t &i%he% of the te%t!tri'+D- COAION oppo%itor% inoe A106 D/Propert* left b* &ill i% not "eeme" %b5e(t to(oll!tion, if the te%t!tor h!% not other&i%e proi"e", bt the le#itime %h!ll in !n* (!%erem!in nimp!ire"D

!SS"#S2ON A160 !pplie%

$#LD1+ NORatio 2hen the te%t!tri' h!% not m!"e !n* preio% "on!tion% "rin# her lifetime,nor left merel* %ome propertie% b* &ill, (oll!tion i%nHt ne(e%%!r* to "etermine thele#itime of e!(h heir+Reasoning Oppo%itor%$ inoin# of Arti(le 106 of the Ciil Co"e th!t D/Propert* leftb* &ill i% not "eeme" %b5e(t to (oll!tion, if the te%t!tor h!% not other&i%e proi"e",bt the le#itime %h!ll in !n* (!%e rem!in nimp!ire"D !n" inoin# of the (on%tr(tionthereof #ien b* %ome !thoritie% th!t D$not "eeme" %b5e(t to (oll!tion$ in thi% !rti(lere!ll* me!n% not impt!ble to or (h!r#e!ble !#!in%t the le#itimeD, &hile it m!* h!e%ome pl!%ibilit* 68  in !n !ppropri!te (!%e, h!% no !ppli(!tion in the pre%ent (!%e+Bere, &e h!e ! (!%e of ! "i%tribtion !n" p!rtition of the entire e%t!te b* thete%t!tri', &ithot her h!in# m!"e !n* preio% "on!tion% "rin# her lifetime &hi(h

&ol" reire (oll!tion to "etermine the le#itime of e!(h heir nor h!in# left merel*%ome propertie% b* &ill &hi(h &ol" (!ll for the !ppli(!tion of Arti(le% 1061 to 106 ofthe Ciil Co"e on (oll!tion+ he !mont of the le#itime of the heir% i% here "etermine"!n" n"i%pte"+

D# -3A v CA CA!NGALE1 SC>A 0

C>:K; )l* , 19=7

FACTS- C!n"el!ri! "e >om! h!" le#!ll* !"opte" "!#hter% M8h!* !n" >o%!lin"!+ She"ie" inte%t!te+- 8h!* &!% !ppointe" !"mini%tr!tri' !n" in "e time file" !n inentor* of the e%t!te+

 hi% &!% oppo%e" b* C!rin#!l /!% #!r"i!n of >o%!lin"! on the #ron" th!t (ert!inpropertie% /7 p!r(el% of (o(ont l!n" &orth 10 e!rlier "on!te" b* C!n"el!ri! to8h!*, !n" the frit% thereof, h!" not been in(l"e"+- C!rin#!l (l!im% th!t the%e m%t be (oll!te"+ 8h!* (l!im% th!t the "e(e"entprohibite" %(h (oll!tion- C rle" in f!or of petitioner+ CA reer%e"+- Arti(le% relie" pon

A>+ 1061+ Eer* (ompl%or* heir, &ho %((ee"% &ith other (ompl%or* heir%,m%t brin# into the m!%% of the e%t!te !n* propert* or ri#ht &hi(h he m!* h!ere(eie" from the "e(e"ent "rin# the lifetime of the l!tter, b* &!* of "on!tion, or!n* other #r!tito% title, in or"er th!t it m!* be (ompte" in the "etermin!tion ofthe le#itime of e!(h heir, !n" in the !((ont of the p!rtition+

A>+ 106+ Coll!tion %h!ll not t!e pl!(e !mon# (ompl%or* heir% if the "onor%hol" h!e e'pre%%l* %o proi"e", or if the "one %hol" rep"i!te the inherit!n(e,nle%% the "on!tion %hol" be re"(e" !% inoffi(io%+

- Pertinent portion% of the "ee" of "on!tionIAA2A+ N! !l!n#-!l!n# %! !in# p!#m!m!h!l, p!#tin#in !t p!#%i%ilbi %! !in

n# !in# !n! n! %i 8:BA3 <E >O.A, !%!l !* Ar!bell! C!%t!ne"!, m!*!r!mp!t!n# #l!n#, m!m!m!*!n# Pilipino !t n!ninir!h!n !t m!* p!h!tir!n#-%l!t"in "ito %! n%o" n# S!n P!blo %! p!m!m!#it!n n# !%l!t!n# ito !* %!n#-loobon# ibinibi#!*, ipin!#!!loob !t inililip!t %! n!b!n##it n! 8:BA3 <E >O.A, %!!n*!n# m#! !h!lili !t t!#!p!#m!n!, %! p!m!m!#it!n n# p!#bibi#!* n! "i n!m!b!b!&in# mli, !n# l!h!t n# m#! l!#!* n# lp! n! %in!%!bi %! it!!%, %! il!lim n#!%n"!n n! n#!*on p! !* %i*! n! !n# n!#m!m!*-!rin# tn!* n# m#! lp!n# ito!t !n*! n!n# m!!rin# ip!lip!t !n# m#! ho5! "e(l!tori! n# m#! lp!n# ito %!!n*!n# p!n#!l!n, "!t!p&!Ht %!m!nt!l!n# !o !* n!bbh!*, !* !o rin !n#m!iin!b!n# %! m#! m!ppti !t m!momo%e%ion %! m#! n!%!bin# lp!;

IAO+ N! pin!#tib!* o n! !o !* m!r!mi p!n# ib!n# m#! p!#-!!ri %!p!tp!n# !in# i!bh!* !t %! p!#bibi#!* on# ito !* hin"i m!%i%ir! !n# le#itim! n#m#! t!o n! "!p!t m!#m!n! %! !in, %!p!#!t !n# m#! lp!n# %in!%!bi %! it!!% !*b!h!#i n# !in# !bh!*!n n! !o !* m!* l!*!n# ip!mi#!* !hit n! !ninon# t!on! n# t!&!#in !* Ibre <i%po(i%ion+

!SS"#2ON the "on!te" propertie% !re to be (oll!te"

$#LD 3ES+Ratio An*thin# le%% th!n e'pre%% prohibition &ill not %ffi(e n"er the (le!r l!n#!#eof Art+ 106+  he intention to e'empt from (oll!tion %hol" be e'pre%%e" pl!inl* !n"

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neio(!ll*+Reasoning CA &!% (orre(t in %!*in# th!t there &!% no proi%ion prohibitin# (oll!tion+

 he phr!%e %! p!m!m!#it!n n# p!#bibi#!* n! "in ! m!b!b!&in# mli merel*"e%(ribe" the "on!tion !% irreo(!ble+From the %e of the term% le#itime !n" free portion in the "ee" of "on!tion, itm!* be (on(l"e" th!t it &!% prep!re" b* ! l!&*er, !n" th!t he n"er%too" the le#!l(on%een(e% of the "on!tion bein# m!"e+ It i% re!%on!ble to %ppo%e, #ien thepre(i%e l!n#!#e of the "o(ment, th!t he &ol" h!e in(l"e" therein !n e'pre%%

prohibition to (oll!te if th!t &!% the "onorH% intention+

L-CS!N v CA'H( SCA 292

NA1ASA> Febrary 68, 688'

FACTS-.!ri!no o(%in !n" C!t!lin! )!(i!n /o(%in &ere ! (hil"le%% m!rrie" (ople+ .!ri!noe'e(te" ! &ill+  .!ri!no o(%in e'e(te" ! !%t 2ill !n" e%t!ment in%tittin# hi%&ife, C!t!lin!, !% the %ole !n" nier%!l heir of !ll hi% propertie%+-he* h!" !#ree" th!t their propertie%,!fter both of them %h!ll h!e "ie" %hol"reert to their re%pe(tie %i"e% of the f!mil*, i+e+, .!ri!no$% propertie% &ol" #o to hi%Do(%in rel!tie%D /i+e+, brother% !n" %i%ter% or nephe&% !n" nie(e%,!n" tho%e of C!t!lin! to her D)!(i!n rel!tie%

-9 *e!r% !fter .!ri!noH% "e!th, !n" = *e!r% before her%, %he %t!rte" tr!n%ferrin# b*%!le or "on!tion, .!ri!noH% !% &ell !% her propertie%+-her rel!tie% &ho !lre!"* re(eie" their here"it!r* %h!re%, file" ! (!%e for re(oer*of propert* !#!in%t the o(%in% /&ho re(eie" propert* "rin# C!t!lin!H% lifetime!lle#in# th!t the (one*!n(e &!% inoffi(io%, &ithot (on%i"er!tion !n" inten"e" to(ir(ment the l!&-C or"ere" the re(one*!n(e of propert*+ CA Affirme"

!SS"#2ON the re(one*!n(e &!% proper+

$#LDNo-he ri#ht% to ! per%on$% %((e%%ion!re tr!n%mitte" from the moment of hi% "e!th,!n" "o not e%t in hi% heir% ntil %(h time+ Propert* &hi(h <oR! C!t!lin! h!"

tr!n%ferre" or (one*e" to other per%on% "rin# her lifetime no lon#er forme" p!rt ofher e%t!te !t the time of her "e!th to &hi(h her heir% m!* l!*(l!im+ B!" %he "ie"inte%t!te, onl* the propert* th!t rem!ine" in here%t!te !t the time of her "e!th"eole" to her le#!l heir%-een if tho%e tr!n%fer% &ere, one !n" !ll, tre!te" !% "on!tion%, the ri#ht!ri%in# n"er(ert!in (ir(m%t!n(e% to imp#n !n" (ompel the re"(tion or reo(!tion of !"e(e"ent$% #ift% inter io% "oe% not inre to the re%pon"ent% %in(e neither the* northe "onee% !re (ompl%or* /or for(e" heir%-in !""ition to thi%, both the C !n" CA pt m(h &ei#ht on the f!(t th!t <oR!C!t!lin! &!% !lre!"* 90 *e!r% ol" &hen %he "ie" on )l* 6, 1977+ It in%in!te" th!tbe(!%e of her !"!n(e" *e!r% %he m!* h!e been impo%e" pon, or n"l*inflen(e" !n" mor!ll* pre%%re" b* her h%b!n"$% nephe&% !n" nie(e%/thepetitioner% to tr!n%fer to them the propertie% &hi(h %he h!" inherite" from <on.!ri!no$% e%t!te+-thi% i% not %pporte" for !% e!rl* !% = *r% before her "e!th, %he %t!rte" %(h"i%po%ition% not onl* to .!ri!noH% %i"e bt !l%o to her%+

::1!& 5AT!T!-N AND D!ST!B"T!-N -F T$# #STAT#

!BAL# v 5--064

 :ASON; Febr!r* 7, 19

FACTS- hi% !(tion (ommen(e" in the Cort of Fir%t In%t!n(e of Ceb to !nnl ! "ee" of %!le(one*in# to the "efen"!nt, in (on%i"er!tion of P1,700, one n"ii"e" h!lf of ! p!r(elof l!n" &hi(h preio%l* h!" been %ol", !lon# &ith the other h!lf, b* the %!me en"orto the pl!intiff$% #r!ntor%+ 5"#ment &!% !#!in%t the pl!intiff+- C!t!lin! N!!rro %ol" the entire p!r(el of l!n", &hi(h &!% her !n" her "e(e!%e"h%b!n"H% (on5#!l propert* of the C!no* Spo%e% &ho l!ter %ol" it to 8ieneni"oIb!rle+ 8oth %!le% &ere not re#i%tere"+ C!t!lin! %b%eentl* %ol" !% her (hil"renH%#!r"i!n, one-h!lf of the %!me l!n" belon#in# to the (hil"ren to E%per!n?! Po+

!SS"#2ON the %!le to E%per!n?! Po &!% !li"

$#LD- he %!le to the C!no* %po%e% &!% oi"+ herefore, &hen C!t!lin! %ol" the entirep!r(el to the C!no* %po%e%, one-h!lf of it !lre!"* belon#e" to the %ellerH% (hil"ren+No form!l or 5"i(i!l bein# nee"e" to (onfirm the (hil"renH% title, it follo&% th!t thefir%t %ell &!% nll !n" oi" in%of!r !% it in(l"e" the (hil"renH% %h!re+- On the other h!n", the %!le to Po h!in# been m!"e b* !thorit* of the (ompetent(ort, &!% n"eni!bl* le#!l !n" effe(tie+ he f!(t th!t it h!% not been re(or"e" i% ofno (on%een(e+

ALS"AIB#TTS v CA B"#N1!A;# AND ALS"AE9 SC>A

@:E>>E>O; )l* 0, 1979

NAT"#

Appe!l b* (ertior!riFACTS- On Noember , 1949, <on )e%% Al%! !n" hi% &ife, <oR! Florentin! >ell!, both ofi#!o, Alb!*, to#ether &ith !ll their liin# (hil"ren, Fr!n(i%(! Al%!-8ett%, P!blo Al%!,Fern!n"o Al%! thr thi% 5"i(i!l #!r"i!n Clotil"e S!m%on, !n" Amp!ro Al%! "e8eni!5e, entere" into ! "l* not!ri?e" !#reement, Escritura de 5articionE!tra$udicial , oer the then pre%ent !n" e'i%tin# propertie% of the %po%e% <on )e%%!n" <oR! Florentin!+- On )!n+ , 19, <on )e%% !n" <o! Florentin!, !l%o no&n !% <oR! in!* %ep!r!tel*e'e(te" their re%pe(tie holo#r!phi( &ill%, the proi%ion% of &hi(h &ere in (onformit*!n" in implement!tion of the e'tr!5"i(i!l p!rtition of No+ , 1949+- On A#+14, 196, the %po%e% <on )e%% !n" <oR! in!* e'e(te" their mt!l !n"re(ipro(!l (o"i(il% !men"in# !n" %pplementin# their re%pe(tie holo#r!phi( &ill%+ OnFeb+ 19, 197, their re%pe(tie holo#r!phi( &in% !n" the (o"i(il% thereto &ere "l*

!"mitte" to prob!te+

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- <oR! in!* "ie" in O(tober 199+ In e!rl* No+ 199, <on )e%% (!n(elle" hi%holo#r!phi( !n" in%tr(te" hi% !ttorne* to "r!ft ! ne& &ill+ hi% %b%eent l!%t 2ill!n" e%t!ment of <on )e%% e'e(te" on No+ 14, 199 (ont!ine" !n e'pre%%reo(!tion of hi% holo#r!phi( &i# of )!n+ , 19 !n" the (o"i(il of A#+14, 196; !%t!tement reirin# th!t !ll of hi% propertie% "on!te" to hi% (hil"ren in the <ee" of1949 be (oll!te" !n" t!en into !((ont in the p!rtition of hi% e%t!te; the in%tittion of!ll hi% (hil"ren !% "ei%ee% !n" le#!tee% to (ert!in %pe(ifi( propertie%; ! %t!tementbee!thin# the re%t of hi% propertie% !n" !ll th!t m!* be !(ire" in the ftre,

before hi% "e!th, to P!blo !n" Fr!n(e%(!; !n" ! %t!tement n!min# Fr!n(e%(! !%e'e(tri' &ithot bon"+- <on )e%% Al%! "ie" in 1964+ Petitioner Fr!n(i%(! Al%! 8ett%, !% the e'e(tri'n!me" in the &ill of No+ 14, 199, file" ! petition for the prob!te of %!i" ne& &ill of<on )e%% Al%! before the CFI Alb!* !n" &!% "o(ete" !%+ Oppo%ition% thereto &erefile" b* re%pon"ent% P!blo, Amp!ro !n" Fern!n"o+ CFI !llo&e" the the prob!te of the&ill of <on )e%% Al%!+ CA reer%e" "enie" the prob!te of the &ill, "e(l!re" nll !n"oi" the t&o %!le% %b5e(t of the (ompl!int !n" or"ere" the "efen"!nt%-petitioner%, top!* "!m!#e% to the pl!intiff%-pri!te re%pon"ent%+ Ben(e, thi% petition+

!SS"#2ON CA erre" in "en*in# the prob!te of the &ill

$#LD 3ES

- CA erre" in "en*in# prob!te to the &ill of <on )e%% "!te" Noember 14, 199; iterre" in hol"in# th!t <on )e%% bein# ! p!rt* to the e'tr!5"i(i!l p!rtition of 1949 &!%(ontr!(t!ll* bon" b* the proi%ion% thereof !n" hen(e (ol" not reoe hi%p!rti(ip!tion therein b* the %imple e'pe"ien(e of m!in# ! ne& &ill &ith (ontr!r*proi%ion% or "i%po%ition%+ It i% !n error be(!%e the %o-(!lle" e'tr!5"i(i!l p!rtition of1949 i% oi" !n" inoper!tie !% ! p!rtition; neither i% it ! !li" or enfor(e!ble (ontr!(tbe(!%e it inole" ftre inherit!n(e; it m!* onl* be #ien effe(t !% ! "on!tion interio% of %pe(ifi( propertie% to the heir% m!"e b* the p!rent%+- :pon (!refl e'!min!tion of the proi%ion% of the holo#r!phi( &ill !n" (o"i(il of <oR!

 in!*, there &!% no in"i(!tion &h!t%oeer th!t <oR! in!* e'pre%%l* or implie"l*in%titte" both the h%b!n" !n" her (hil"ren !% heir% to her free portion of her %h!rein the (on5#!l !%%et%+- >e%pon"ent% in%i%t th!t <on )e%% &!% bon" b* the e'tr!5"i(i!l p!rtition ofNoember , 1949 !n" h!" in f!(t (onforme" to %!i" P!rtition b* m!in# !holo#r!phi( &ill !n" (o"i(il &ith e'!(tl* the %!me proi%ion% !% tho%e of <oR! in!*,

&hi(h CA %%t!ine"+ Bo&eer SC rle" th!t <on )e%% &!% not foreer bon" thereb*for hi% preio% holo#r!phi( &ill !n" (o"i(il !% %(h, &ol" rem!in reo!ble !t hi%"i%(retion+ Art+ == of the ne& Ciil Co"e i% (le!r DA &ill m!* be reoe" b* thete%t!tor !t !n* time before hi% "e!th+ An* &!ier or re%tri(tion of thi% ri#ht i% oi"+D

 here (!n be no re%tri(tion th!t m!* be m!"e on hi% !b%olte free"om to reoe hi%holo#r!phi( &ill !n" (o"i(il preio%l* m!"e+ hi% &ol" %till hol" tre een if %(hpreio% &ill h!" !% in the (!%e !t b!r already been probated- he le#itime% of the for(e" heir% &ere left nimp!ire", !% in f!(t, not one of %!i"for(e" heir% (l!ime" or intim!te" other&i%e+ he propertie% th!t &ere "i%po%e" of inthe (onte%te" &ill belon#e" &holl* to <on )e%% Al%!$% free portion !n" m!* be"i!mon" of b* him to &hom%oeer he m!* (hoo%e+- If he no& f!ore" Fr!n(e%(! more, !% (l!ime" b* pri!te re%pon"ent%, or P!blo !% inf!(t he &!%, 2e (!nnot !n" m!* not %it in 5"#ment pon the motie% !n" %entiment%of <on )e%% in "oin# %o+

D!3A4"GA v CA

19 SC>A 110A:INO; April 0, 19=4

FACTS@en!ro <im!*#! i% m!rrie" to Se#n"! @!*!p!n!o in 191 !(ire" ! orren% titlefor th!t home%te!" in 19=+Se#n"! "ie" inte%t!te in 1940, %rie" b* her %on, .!nel, !n" her h%b!n",

@en!ro+<rin# their m!rri!#e, @en!ro h!" ! mi%tre%% n!me" Emeren(i!n! P!n#!nib!n b*&hom he be#ot fie (hil"ren, n!me" Filomeno, P!(it!, A"el!i"!, >eme"io% !n"So(orro+ A %i'th (hil", Neli! <im!*#!, &!% born in 1944 or !fter Se#n"!$% "e!thEmeren(i!n! (lti!te" ! home%te!" !"5oinin# the thirteen-he(t!re home%te!" ine%tion+ So, it &!% not %rpri%in# th!t %he be(!me the p!r!mor of @en!ro+@en!ro, 6, m!rrie" Emeren(i!n!, 7, on Febr!r* 6, 1947+ h!t m!rri!#ele#itim!te" Neli!, &ho h!" been ! "l* !(no&le"#e" n!tr!l (hil", bt it "i" notimproe the %t!t% of her brother !n" for %i%ter% &ho &ere !"ltero% or %prio%(hil"ren+ On September 16, 194=, or !bot ! month before @en!ro$% "e!th ! Dp!rtitionof re!l propert*D &!% e'e(te" in En#li%h+ It &!% "l* not!ri?e"+ It &!% %i#ne" b*@en!ro, .!nel, Filomeno !n" P!(it! !n" thmbm!re" b* Emeren(i!n!, inrepre%ent!tion of her minor (hil"ren A"el!i"!, >eme"io%, So(orro !n" Neli! /E'h+ A,tho#h Emeren(i!n! h!" not been !ppointe" 5"i(i!l #!r"i!n of their propert*+In th!t p!rtition, &hi(h the petitioner% !l%o re#!r" !% ! "on!tion, @en!ro tre!te" the

home%te!" !% hi% %ole propert* !n" not (on5#!l, &hi(h it !(t!ll* &!%+ .!nel &!%een !% %h!re fie !n" one-h!lf he(t!re% of the home%te!" /%othern portion !"5oinin#Emeren(i!n!$% %ep!r!te home%te!"+ he %i' ille#itim!te (hil"ren &ere #ien %een!n" %een-tenth he(t!re% /northern portion !l%o !"5oinin# Emeren(i!n!$% %ep!r!tehome%te!"+ he p!rtition &!% not re#i%tere"+Nineteen *e!r% l!ter, or on .!* =, 1970, .!nel h!in# been !"i%e" th!t the entirehome%te!" &!% inherite" b* him from hi% p!rent% !n" free" from hi% f!ther$% mor!l!%(en"!n(*, e'e(te" !n !ffi"!it of !"5"i(!tion &hi(h he re#i%tere"+ Be obt!ine" !

 orren% title for the thirteen-he(t!re home%te!"+ Abot t&o month% l!ter, the %i'ille#itim!te (hil"ren file" ! (ompl!int for the !nnlment of .!nel$% title !n" for the"ii%ion of the home%te!" e!ll* !mon# @en!ro$% %een (hil"ren in(l"in# .!nel+

 he tri!l (ort !nnlle" .!nel$% title, "e(ree" th!t !bot one-h!lf of the home%te!"%hol" be "ii"e" e!ll* !mon# the %i' ille#itim!te (hil"ren !n" or"ere" .!nel top!* them P,00 !% mor!l !n" e'empl!r* "!m!#e% !n" !ttorne*$% fee%+.!nel !ppe!le" to the Cort of Appe!l% &hi(h !"5"i(!te" to him three-forth of the

home%te!" !n" the other one-forth to Neli!+ he %i' ille#itim!te (hil"ren !ppe!le" tothe SC+

!SS"#2ON .!nel %hol" be !&!r"e" three-forth of the home%te!" !n" onl* one-forth toNeli!

$#LD 3e%+ No portion of the home%te!", ! re#i%tere" l!n", m!* be !(ire" b* pre%(ription+DNo title to re#i%tere" l!n" in "ero#!tion to th!t of the re#i%tere" o&ner %h!ll be!(ire" b* pre%(ription or !"er%e po%%e%%ion+DArti%le 6H*( of the old Civil Code +rovides that if the testator shold maea +artition of his +ro+erty by an a%t inter vivos, or by will, s%h +artitionshall stand insofar, as it does not +re?di%e the legitime of the for%ed heirs&Arti%le 6H*( was %onstred to mean that a +erson who maes an inter vivos

+artition mst first exe%te a will& !f the will is void, the +artition is void&

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SUCCESSION A2010 page 67

0ith more reason wold the +artition be void if there was no will& The 68)9+artition was not in %onformity with law& It !%%me" th!t @en!ro &!% the o&nerof the entire home%te!" &hi(h i% &ron#+ One-h!lf of the home%te!", %b5e(t to theh%b!n"$% %fr(t!r* le#itime, &!% inherite" in 1940 b* .!nel pon the "e!th ofhi% mother &ho &!% m!rrie" to @en!ro for t&ent*-fie *e!r%+ @en!ro (ol" "i%po%e b*!n !(t inter io% onl* one-h!lf of the home%te!"+ In th!t one-h!lf portion, .!nel !n"Neli!, !% @en!ro$% le#!l !n" for(e" heir%, h!" ! t&o-thir" le#itime+In D"on!tin#D the %!i" one-h!lf portion to hi% %i' ille#itim!te (hil"ren, @en!ro "eprie"

.!nel of hi% le#itime in hi% e%t!te or, in effe(t, m!"e him renon(e hi% ftreinherit!n(e+ he 191 !ffi"!it (!nnot be (on%tre" !% ! rep"i!tion of hi% inherit!n(ein hi% f!ther$% e%t!te be(!%e the "o(ment "oe% not h!e th!t tenor+ For thi% re!%on,.!nel i% not e%toppe" to i#nore th!t p!rtition+ he rle in Alfore %+ Velo%o, 6Phil+ 7, (ite" b* the petitioner%, "oe% not !ppl* to .!nel+ he f!(t% in the Alfore(!%e !re r!"i(!ll* "ifferent from the f!(t% of the in%t!nt home%te!" (!%e+ he fieille#itim!te (hil"ren /the %i'th (hil" Neli! &!% le#itim!te" h!e no ri#ht% &h!t%oeerto the %!i" home%te!"+ A% !lre!"* %!i", the* &ere !"ltero% or %prio% (hil"ren+A% %(h, the* !re not entitle" to %((e%%ion!l ri#ht% bt onl* to %pport /Art+ 19, ol"Ciil Co"e.!nel !n" Neli!, !% @en!ro$% le#!l !n" for(e" heir%, !re entitle" to inherit @en!ro$%one-h!lf portion+ It (!nnot be %!i" th!t the fie !"ltero% (hil"ren h!e no re%or(e%&h!t%oeer+ heir mother, Emeren(i!n!, h!% ! home%te!" !"5oinin# @en!ro$%home%te!" in e%tion+

3ANGI-4 v CA144 SC>A

C>:K; September 1, 19=6

NAT"#Petition for reie& on (ertior!ri n"er >le 4

FACTS- Ol" .!n mp!o h!" ! &ife !n" be#ot (hil"ren , the re%pon"ent% in thi% (!%e+ Afterhi% &ife$% "e!th, he m!rrie" !#!in+ Bi% %e(on" &ife h!" (hil"ren %he h!" !"opte"!((o"rin# to the pr!(ti(e of i#orot%- On Sept 4, 197, Ol" m!n tmp!o e'e(te" ! Dl!%t &ill !n" te%t!mentD+ A((or"in# to%(h, 8!n"!o mp!o %h!ll be the one to (!rr* or flfill the e%t!ment, !n" %h!ll h!ethe po&er to %ee !n" "i%po%e of the Ol" .!n mp!o$% propert*+

- he &ill &!% re!" to the benefi(i!rie% &ho &ere !lre!"* o((p*in# the l!n"% !llotte"to them+ On Sept 7, 197, the* h!" !n !#reement re(o#ni?in# the &ill !n" 8!n"oH%!ppointment+ "!*% l!ter, Ol" .!n mp!o "ie"+- he p!rtie% rem!ine" in po%%e%%ion of the lot% !%%i#ne" to them, !pp!rentl* inobe"ien(e to the &i%h of Ol" .!n mp!o !% e'pre%%e" in hi% l!%t &ill+- Bo&eer, in 1960, the re%pon"ent% e'e(te" !n e'tr!5"i(i!l p!rtition of the l!n"% ofOl" .!n mp!o+ he l!tterH% title &!% (!n(elle" !n" the re%pon"ent% &ere #ien !ne& one+ It i% th!t title &hi(h i% the bein# e%tione" b* the petitioner%+- he C rle" for the petitioner%+ he CA reer%e" !% it %!i" th!t the &ill &!% oi"%in(e it &!% not prob!te"+ he !#reement of p!rtition !mon# the %ppo%e"benefi(i!rie% of the &ill &!% nllifie" be(!%e it &!% ! p!rtition inter io% !n" h!" notbeen !pproe" b* the <ire(tor of the 8re! of Non-Chri%ti!n ribe%+

!SS"#S1+ 2ON the &ill &!% !li"

$#LD1+ NORatio he &ill i% not !li" %in(e it &!% not prob!te"+ Bo&eer, the "o(ment m!* be%%t!ine" on the b!%i% of Arti(le 106 of the Ciil Co"e of 1=99, &hi(h &!% in for(e !tthe time the %!i" "o(ment &!% e'e(te" b* Ol" .!n mp!o in 197+Reasoning- Art+ 106+ If the te%t!tor %hol" m!e ! p!rtition of hi% propertie% b* !n !(t interio%, or b* &in, %(h p!rtition %h!ll %t!n" in %o f!r !% it "oe% not pre5"i(e the

le#itime of the for(e" heir%- Arti(le 106 of the Ciil Co"e of 1==9 !thori?e% ! te%t!tor to p!rtition inter io% hi%propert*, !n" "i%tribte them !mon# hi% heir%, !n" th!t thi% p!rtition i% notne(e%%!ril* either ! "on!tion nor ! te%t!ment, bt !n in%trment of ! %pe(i!l(h!r!(ter, %i #eneri%, &hi(h i% reo(!ble !t !n* time b* the (!%!nte "rin# hi%lifetime, !n" "oe% not oper!te !% ! (one*!n(e of title ntil hi% "e!th+ It "erie% it%bin"in# for(e on the heir% from the re%pe(t "e to the &ill of the o&ner of thepropert*, limite" onl* b* hi% (re"itor% !n" the int!n#ibilit* of the le#itime of the for(e"heir%- It &!% %ffi(ient, therefore, th!t the p!rtition %hol" be in &ritin#+ It "oe% not h!e tobe in ! pbli( "o(ment e'(ept to !ffe(t thir" per%on% /Art+ 1=0, bein# !li"bet&een the p!rtie% &ho %i#ne" it in it% pre%ent form+- !% the tri!l (ort pt it

 he &ill !lone, &ol" be inoper!tie for the %imple re!%on th!t it &!% not prob!te",Bo&eer, &hen the per%on% &ho &ere n!me" therein !% heir% !n" benefi(i!rie%

olnt!ril* !#ree" in &ritin# to !bi"e b* it% term% prob!bl* to %!e the e'pen%e% ofprob!te+ !n" frthermore, (!rrie" ot it% term% !fter the "e!th of the te%t!tor ntilno&, then it m%t be hel" to be bin"in# bet&een them+ S!i" !#reement &!% not !"i%po%!l of inherit!n(e b* ! pro%pe(tie heir before the "e!th of the te%t!tor, bt !n!#reement to (!rr* ot the &ill+ It &!% not (onte%te" b* the "efen"!nt% !n" !fter thel!p%e of *e!r% their ri#ht, if !n*, to !%%!il it h!% pre%(ribe" n"er Art+ 1144 of theCiil Co"e+ An* form!l "efe(t of the "ee", &!% (re" b* the l!p%e of time+- he !#reement entere" into b* the p!rtie% "i" not h!e to be !pproe" b* the<ire(tor of the 8re! of Non-Chri%ti!n ribe% be(!%e the A"mini%tr!tie Co"e of.in"!n!o !n" Sl &!% not e'ten"e" to the .ont!in Proin(e+ .oreoer, the"o(ment &!% not ! (one*!n(e of propertie% or propert* ri#ht+- It rem!in% to %t!te th!t the propert* in "i%pte h!in# been re#i%tere" in 1917, thepre%mption i% th!t it &!% !(ire" "rin# the %e(on" m!rri!#e !n" %o (!nnot be(l!ime" b* the re%pon"ent% !% the (on5#!l propert* of their mother !n" Ol" .!n

 mp!o+ Ben(e, the* !re not entitle" to ret!in the entire l!n" !% their e'(l%ie

inherit!n(e or to (olle(t rent!l% for the lot% o((pie" b* the petitioner%

D--3AL v CA ;A1#LLANAE-60=

8A>>E<O; September , 197

NAT"#Petition for reie& of the "e(i%ion of the Cort of Appe!l% in CA &hi(h reer%e" the"e(i%ion of CFI of Iloilo, th!t h!" in trn "i%mi%%e" herein pri!te re%pon"ent Filomen!

 )!ell!n!$% !(tion for re"emption of ! (ert!in propert* %ol" b* her (o-o&ner% to the<orom!l% for h!in# been m!"e ot of time+

FACTS- ot 04 of the (!"!%tr!l %re* of Iloilo, %it!te" in the pobl!(ion of ! P!? /+

h!+, &!% ori#in!ll* "e(ree" in the n!me of the l!te )%ti(e Antonio Borilleno+

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- 8efore Antonio "ie", he e'e(te" ! l!%t &ill !n" te%t!ment !tte%tin# to the f!(t th!tit &!% ! (o-o&ner%hip bet&een him%elf !n" hi% brother% !n" %i%ter%, %o th!t the (o-o&ner% &ere /be%i"e% )%ti(e Borilleno i%, Sole"!", Fe, >o%it!, C!rlo% !n"E%per!n?!+- Sin(e E%per!n?! h!" !lre!"* "ie", %he &!% %((ee"e" b* her onl* "!#hter !n" heirherein pl!intiff, Filomen! )!ell!n!, in the proportion of 1G7 n"ii"e" o&ner%hip e!(h+- Een tho#h their ri#ht h!" not *et been !nnot!te" in the title, the (o-o&ner% /le" b*C!rlo% !n" !% to the "e(e!%e" Antonio, hi% "!#hter .!r* %ometime in 1967, h!"

&!nte" to %ell their %h!re%, or if Filomena were agreeable, to sell the entire+ro+erty+- he <orom!l% />!mon Sr+ !n" )r+ &ere intere%te" in the propert*+ In prep!r!tion forthe e'e(tion of the %!le, %in(e the %iblin#% &ere %(!ttere" in !rio% p!rt% of the(ontr*, the* !ll e'e(te" !rio% po&er% of !ttorne* in f!or of their nie(e, .!r* B+

 )imene?+ he* !l%o (!%e" prep!r!tion of ! po&er of !ttorne* of i"enti(!l tenor for%i#n!tre b* Filomen! )!ell!n!+- hro#h ! letter C!rlo% informe" Filomen! th!t the pri(e &!% P4+00 ! %!re meter,!ltho#h !% e!rl* !% O(tober , 1967, C!rlo% h!" re(eie" in (he( !% e!rne%t mone*from "efen"!nt >!mon <orom!l, )r+, the %m of P,000+00 !n" the pri(e therein!#ree" pon &!% fie /P+00 pe%o% ! %!re meter /In Noember 1967 C!rlo% tol"Filomen! th!t P,000 in e!rne%t mone* &!% p!i" for P6+00 ! %+m+- Filomena did not agree to the sale, and did not sign the +ower of attorney+

 he re%t of the (o-o&ner% &ent !he!" &ith their %!le of their 6G7+ C!rlo% %!& to it fir%tth!t the "ee" of %!le /b* their (ommon !ttorne* in f!(t, .!r* B+ )imene? be %i#ne"

!n" r!tifie" in C!n"on, Ilo(o% Sr, on )!n!r* 1, 196=+- C!rlo% in the %!me month trie" to re#i%ter the %!le, bt be(!%e the >e#i%ter of<ee"% of Iloilo ref%e" to re#i%ter ri#ht !&!* /%in(e the ori#in!l re#i%tere" o&ner,

 )%ti(e Antonio Borilleno &!% !lre!"* "e!" he hire" Att*+ Ar!n"el! to file ! petition&ithin the (!"!%tr!l (!%e, on Febr!r* 6, 196=, for th!t prpo%e+ C!rlo% retrne" to?on, !n" !fter (ompli!n(e &ith the rei%ite% of pbli(!tion, he!rin# !n" noti(e, thepetition &!% !pproe"+- April 9, 196= C!rlo%, b!( in Iloilo, &ent to the >e#i%ter of <ee"% !n" (!%e" there#i%tr!tion of the or"er of the (!"!%tr!l (ort a++roving the issan%e of a newtitle in the name of the %oIowners, as well as of the deed of sale to theDoromals, as a reslt of whi%h on that same date, a new title was issed inthe name of the $orillenos to (7 and +laintiff Filomena ;avellana to 67&- he ne't "!* the <orom!l% p!i" C!rlo% b* (he(, the %m of P97,000+00+ 8e%i"e%thi% !mont p!i" in (he(, the <orom!l% /!% ei"en(e" %till p!i" !n !""ition!l !montin (!%h of P1=,0+00 %in(e the !#ree" pri(e &!% P+00 ! %!re meter, th%

(on%mm!tin# the tr!n%!(tion+- )ne 10, 196= Filomen!H% l!&*er, Att*+ Vill!ne!, &ent to the <orom!l%H re%i"en(e!n" pre%ente" ! letter b* Filomen!+ In it Filomen! offere" to re"eem the 6G7 of thepropert* for the %m of P0,000+00+ he <orom!l% ref%e"+

#etitioner$s Claim- A% ! (o-o&ner %he h!" the ri#ht to re"eem !t the pri(e in"i(!te" in the %!le+Responent$s Comments- Filomen! h!" no more ri#ht to re"eem, !n" th!t if eer %he %hol" h!e, th!t it%hol" be !t the tre !n" re!l pri(e b* them p!i", n!mel*, the tot!l %m ofP11,0+00+

!SS"#SE1+ 2ON Filomen! &!% %till entitle" to re"eem the propert*+ /3ES+ he (orre(t !mont of re"emption+ /P0,000

$#LD1+ 3ESRatio The noti%e in writing to be made to other %oIowners reired byArti%le 6('2 is not only of a +erfe%ted sale bt of the a%tal exe%tion anddelivery of the deed of sale+ It i% from th!t &hi(h the 0-"!* perio" to re"eem%hol" be (onte"+Reasoning

AT& 6('2+ he ri#ht of le#!l pre-emption or re"emption %h!ll not be e'er(i%e"

e'(ept &ithin thirt* "!*% from the noti(e in &ritin# b* the pro%pe(tie en"or, or b*the en"or, !% the (!%e m!* be+ he "ee" of %!le %h!ll not be re(or"e" in the>e#i%tr* of Propert*, nle%% !((omp!nie" b* !n !ffi"!it of the en"or th!t he h!%#ien &ritten noti(e thereof to !ll po%%ible re"emptioner%+ he ri#ht of re"emption of (o-o&ner% e'(l"e% th!t of !"5oinin# o&ner%+

- he <orom!l% "o not e%tion Filomen!H% ri#ht to re"eem+ he* (onten" ho&eerth!t the re"emption perio" h!% pre%(ribe" !lre!"*+ he* %!* th!t the letter% %ent b*C!rlo% to Filomen! /"!te" O(t+ !n" No+ , 1967 (on%titte" the noti(e reire" b*the proi%ion+- Bo&eer, there i% no %ho&in# th!t %!i" letter% &ere in f!(t re(eie" b* re%pon"ent!n" &hen the* &ere !(t!ll* re(eie"+ 8e%i"e%, petitioner% "o not pinpoint &hi(h ofthe%e t&o letter%, their "!te% bein# more th!n t&o month% !p!rt, i% the reire"noti(e+ In !n* eent, !% fon" b* the CA, neither of %!i" letter% referre" to !(on%mm!te" %!le+- 2hile the letter% relie" pon b* the <orom!l% (ol" (one* the i"e! th!t more or

le%% %ome in" of (on%en%% h!" been !rrie" !t !mon# the other Bomeo&ner% to %ellthe propert* in "i%pte, it (!nnot be %!i" "efinitel* th!t %(h ! %!le h!" een been!(t!ll* perfe(te"+ he f!(t !lone th!t in the l!ter letter of )!n!r* 1=, 196= the pri(ein"i(!te" &!% P4+00 per %!re meter &hile in th!t of Noember , 1967, &h!t &!%%t!te" &!% P+00 per %!re meter ne#!tie% the po%%ibilit* th!t ! Dpri(e "efiniteD h!"!lre!"* been !#ree" pon+- E!rne%t mone* in thi% (!%e m%t be (on%tre" in li#ht of the "efinition n"er the Ol"Ciil Co"eL! #!r!ntee th!t the b*er &ol" not b!( otL(on%i"erin# th!t it i% not(le!r th!t there &!% !lre!"* ! "efinite !#reement !% to the pri(e then !n" th!tpetitioner% &ere "e(i"e" to b* 6G7 onl* of the propert* %hol" re%pon"ent )!ell!n!ref%e to !#ree to p!rt &ith her 1G7 %h!re+

+ P0,000+00, !% in"i(!te" in the %!le+Ratio  he re"emption in (ontroer%* %hol" be onl* for the pri(e %tipl!te" in the"ee", re#!r"le%% of &h!t mi#ht h!e been !(t!ll* p!i" b* petitioner%+Reasoning- he tri!l (ort fon" th!t Dthe (on%i"er!tion of P0,000 onl* &!% pl!(e" in the "ee"of %!le to minimi?e the p!*ment of the re#i%tr!tion fee%, %t!mp% !n" %!le% t!'+D- 2ith thi% n"i%pte" f!(t in min", it i% impo%%ible for the Spreme Cort to %!n(tionpetitioner%$ pr!#m!ti( bt immor!l po%tre+ 8ein# p!tentl* iol!tie of pbli( poli(*!n" in5rio% to pbli( intere%t, the %eemin#l* &i"e pr!(ti(e of n"er%t!tin#(on%i"er!tion% of tr!n%!(tion% for the prpo%e of e!"in# t!'e% !n" fee% "e to the#oernment m%t be (on"emne" !n" !ll p!rtie% #ilt* thereof m%t be m!"e to %fferthe (on%een(e% of their ill-!"i%e" !#reement to "efr!" the %t!te+- If it be !r#e" th!t fore#oin# %oltion &ol" me!n n5%t enri(hment for pl!intiff, itnee" onl* be remembere" th!t pl!intiff% ri#ht i% not (ontr!(t!l, bt ! mere le#!l one,the e'er(i%e of ! ri#ht #r!nte" b* the l!&, !n" the l!& i% "efinite th!t %he (!n%bro#!te her%elf in pl!(e of the b*er+- thi% %oltion i% not n5%t be(!%e it onl* bin"% the p!rtie% to m!e #oo" their%olemn repre%ent!tion to po%%ible re"emptioner% on the pri(e of the %!le, to &h!t the*

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h!" %olemnl* !erre" in ! pbli( "o(ment reire" b* the l!& to be the onl* b!%i%for th!t e'er(i%e of re"emption+

GAB!LA v 5##.169 SC>A 17

@>I]O-A:INO; )!n!r* 7, 19=9

NAT"#Appe!l from ! "e(i%ion of the CFI <!!o "i%mi%%in# pl!intiff-!ppell!nt$% (ompl!int,&hi(h the CA (ertifie" to SC be(!%e onl* ! e%tion of l!& i% inole"+

FACTS-Sept 16, 194= P!blo, >!mon !n" .er(e"e%, !ll %rn!me" Pere?, e'e(te" in f!or ofpl!intiff-!ppell!nt C!rlo% @!bil!, ! <ee" of S!le of ! p!r(el of l!n" re#i%tere" in then!me of their "e(e!%e" f!ther .!ri!no Pere? n"er C No+ =99 of the >e#i%tr* of<ee"% of <!!o, &hi(h the* inherite" pon hi% "emi%e+-In the %!i" "ee" of S!le /E'h+ A, the en"or% "e(l!re" them%ele% the o&ner% of the%b5e(t p!r(el of !#ri(ltr!l l!n", h!in# inherite" the %!me !% the le#itim!te(hil"ren of their "e(e!%e" f!ther+ S!i" in%trment (ont!in%, !mon# other%, thefollo&in# proi%ion It i% hereb* !#ree", (oen!nte" !n" %tipl!te" b* !n" bet&eenthe p!rtie% hereto th!t the Ven"or% &ill e'e(te imme"i!tel* !n E'tr!-)"i(i!l P!rtitionof !ll the propertie% of their "e(e!%e" f!ther, !n" p!* the (orre%pon"in# e%t!te !n"

inherit!n(e t!'e% %o th!t the !boe - "e%(ribe" title (ol" be (!n(elle" !n" in it%%te!" ! ne& r!n%fer Certifi(!te of itle be i%%e" in f!or of the Ven"ee+-he <ee" of S!le &!% "l* %i#ne" !n" r!tifie" before ! not!r* pbli( !n" po%%e%%ionof the l!n" &!% imme"i!tel* "eliere" to the en"ee+ he monthl* in%t!llment% of thepri(e of the %!le &ere (ompletel* p!i" in "e time+ Bo&eer, the en"or% too no%tep% to (ompl* &ith their promi%e to e'e(te !n e'tr!5"i(i!l p!rtition of theirf!ther$% propertie% %o th!t hi% title to the l!n" in e%tion (!n be tr!n%ferre" in theirn!me% !n" from them, to the en"ee @!bil!+-A#%t =, 19= @!bil! file" thi% !(tion pr!*in# th!t the "efen"!nt% be or"ere" toe'e(te !n e'tr!-5"i(i!l p!rtition of !ll the propertie% of their "e(e!%e" f!ther orother&i%e %ettle hi% e%t!te !n" p!* the (orre%pon"in# e%t!te !n" inherit!n(e t!'e%,!n" e'e(te the rei%ite in%trment% for the re#i%tr!tion !n" tr!n%fer of the title tohim; !n" to p!* him !ttorne*$% fee% !n" e'pen%e% of the %it, pl% (o%t%+-Pere?e%H An%&er th!t the "ee" of %!le &!% inten"e" merel* to #!r!ntee ! lo!n ofP,00 (ontr!(te" b* one of the "efen"!nt%; th!t .er(e"e% Pere?, one of the en"or%,

&!% ! minor &hen the "ee" of %!le &!% m!"e; th!t the "ee" of %!le &!% not !pproe"b* the Se(ret!r* of A#ri(ltre; !n", th!t the (on%i"er!tion of P,00 &!%n(on%(ion!ble+-@!bil!H% >epl* th!t !t the time of the e'e(tion of the "ee" of %!le, .er(e"e% Pere?%t!te" th!t %he &!% of !#e, !n" pl!intiff h!" no re!%on to "obt th!t %t!tement+ 8t,!%%min# th!t %he &!% n"er !#e !t the time, %he r!tifie" the %!le b* her f!ilre torep"i!te it in "e time; th!t the !lle#!tion th!t the "ee" &!% onl* ! #!r!ntee for !P,00 lo!n &!% not tre be(!%e ! p!rt of the pr(h!%e pri(e &!% p!i" to the"efen"!nt% in ten /10 monthl* in%t!llment%; th!t the pri(e !#ree" pon in 194= &!%f!ir !n" re!%on!ble; !n", th!t the !ppro!l of the %!le b* the Se(ret!r* of A#ri(ltre!n" N!tr!l >e%or(e &!% not ne(e%%!r*+-<e%pite "e noti(e, neither "efen"!nt% nor their (on%el !ppe!re" "rin# the tri!l+For th!t re!%on, >C !llo&e" the pl!intiff to !""(e ei"en(e e' p!rte before !(ommi%%ioner+->C "e(i%ion, )!n 1, 1961 "i%mi%%e" the (ompl!int !n" hel" th!t the "efen"!nt%

(ol" not be or"ere" to e'e(te !n e'tr!5"i(i!l p!rtition of !ll the propertie% of their

"e(e!%e" f!ther be(!%e the propertie% to be p!rtitione" !re not i"entifie" in the(ompl!int, !n", the "efen"!nt% (!n no lon#er p!rtition the l!n" "e%(ribe" in C No+=99, be(!%e it h!% been %ol" to the pl!intiff+ he (ort hel" th!t the e'tr!5"i(i!lp!rtition of the propert* %hol" h!e been "one !t the time of the %!le, in the %!mein%trment+-Ben(e thi% !ppe!l+

!SS"#

2ON the "efen"!nt% %hol" be or"ere" to e'e(te !n e'tr!-5"i(i!l p!rtition of !ll thepropertie% of their "e(e!%e" f!ther !n" e'e(te the rei%ite in%trment% for there#i%tr!tion !n" tr!n%fer of the title to pl!intiff 

$#LDNO+ hi% !(tion i% not one for %pe(ifi( perform!n(e of the %!le of the propert* to the!ppell!nt, &h!t the pl!intiff %ee% merel* i% the tr!n%fer of the title of the l!n" in hi%n!me+-@!bil!, !% en"ee of the l!n", h!% ! ri#ht to re(eie, !n" the Pere?e% the(orre%pon"in# obli#!tion to tr!n%fer to him, not onl* the po%%e%%ion !n" en5o*ment ofthe l!n" bt !l%o the (ertifi(!te of title+ he tri!l (ort re(o#ni?e" th!t ri#ht of @!bil!,bt it profe%%e" to be helple%% to enfor(e it+ In "i%mi%%in# hi% (ompl!int !n", in effe(t,"en*in# him ! reme"*, the tri!l (ort for#ot ! m!'im &hi(h i% !% ol" !% the l!& it%elf:bi 5% ibi reme"im+ 2here there i% ! ri#ht, there i% ! reme"*+-he Pere?e%, !% the onl* le#!l heir% of their f!ther, the "e(e!%e" .!ri!no Pere?,

be(!me the o&ner% of the propert* in e%tion pon hi% "emi%e+ he ri#ht% to the%((e%%ion &ere tr!n%mitte" to them from the moment of hi% "e!th /Art+ 77, CiilCo"e+ heir %!le to @!bil! of the propert* "e%(ribe" in C No+ =99, &hi(h the*inherite" from their f!ther pt !n en" to their (o-o&ner%hip oer it /Art+ 10= CiilCo"e+ Con%eentl* there i% no frther nee" for them to p!rtition it, the prpo%e ofp!rtition bein# to %ep!r!te, "ii"e, !n" !%%i#n ! thin# hel" in (ommon !mon# tho%e to&hom it m!* belon# /Art+ 1079, Ciil Co"e+ he Pere?e% m!* no lon#er p!rtition thel!n" in e%tion be(!%e the* h!" !lre!"* %ol" it+-In thi% (!%e, the "ee" of %!le !l%o %ere% the prpo%e of !n !ffi"!it of !"5"i(!tion ofthe lot in e%tion to the Pere?e% !% heir% of the former o&ner .!ri!no Pere?+ heir"e(l!r!tion therein th!t the re#i%tere" o&ner of the l!n" "e%(ribe" in C No+ =99.!ri!no Pere?, &ho "ie" on O(tober 11, 194, i% the f!ther of the en"or%, th!t Dtheen"or% inherite" %!i" l!n" from their "e(e!%e" f!ther, bein# the le#itim!te (hil"renD!n" th!t Dthe Ven"or% !re the o&ner%D of %!i" l!n" i%, in effe(t, !n !"5"i(!tion of thel!n" to them%ele%+ S(h !"5"i(!tion ren"er% the %tipl!tion in the "ee" of %!le th!t

Dthe Ven"or% &ill e'e(te imme"i!tel* !n E'tr!5"i(i!l P!rtition of !ll the propertie% oftheir "e(e!%e" f!therD %perflo% !n" nne(e%%!r*+ It m!* be oerlooe" or "eeme"not &ritten !t !ll+ All th!t nee"% to be "one no& i% to re#i%ter on the C No+ =99 ofthe l!te .!ri!no Pere? the "ee" of %!le &hi(h m!* !l%o be tre!te" !% !n !ffi"!it of!"5"i(!tion of the l!n" to the en"or% in or"er th!t their f!ther$% title m!* be(!n(ele" !n" ! ne& one (!n be i%%e" to their en"ee, C!rlo% @!bil!+

AL-N.- 1 !AC10 SC>A 17

C>:K; .!* =, 19=7

FACTS- brother% !n" %i%ter% inherite" in e!l  pro indi%iso  %h!re% ! p!r(el of l!n"re#i%tere" in the n!me of their "e(e!%e" p!rent%+- .!r(h 1, 196 one of them, Cele%tino P!"!, tr!n%ferre" hi% n"ii"e" %h!re to

petitioner% b* &!* of !b%olte %!le+

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- April , 1964 E%t!i! P!"!, hi% %i%ter, %ol" her o&n %h!re to the %!me en"ee%,in !n in%trment "enomin!te" DCon P!(to "e >etro S!le+D- 8* irte of %(h !#reement%, the petitioner% o((pie", !fter the %!i" %!le%, !n !re!(orre%pon"in# to G of the %!i" lot, repre%entin# the portion% %ol" to them+ heen"ee% %b%eentl* en(lo%e" the %!me &ith ! fen(e+ In 197, &ith their (on%ent,their %on E"!r"o Alon?o !n" hi% &ife bilt ! %emi-(on(rete ho%e on ! p!rt of theen(lo%e" !re!+ 

- Febr!r* , 1976 .!ri!no P!"!, one of the fie (oheir%, %o#ht to re"eem the

!re! %ol" to the %po%e% Alon?o, bt hi% (ompl!int &!% "i%mi%%e" &hen it !ppe!re"th!t he &!% !n Ameri(!n (iti?en +  

- .!* 7, 1977 e(l! P!"!, !nother (o-heir, file" her o&n (ompl!int inoin# the%!me ri#ht of re"emption (l!ime" b* her brother+- he tri!l (ort "i%mi%% the (ompl!int on the #ron" th!t the ri#ht h!" l!p%e"1, noth!in# been e'er(i%e" &ithin thirt* "!*% from noti(e of the %!le% in 196 !n" 1964+Altho#h there &!% no &ritten noti(e, it &!% hel" th!t actual no&le"#e of the %!le%b* the (o-heir% %!ti%fie" the reirement of the l!&+

!SS"#S1+ 2ON the noti(e reire" in Arti(le 10== i% &ritten noti(e++ 2ON the ri#ht of re"emption in thi% (!%e h!" l!p%e" in %pite of the !b%en(e of&ritten noti(e+

$#LD

6& 4#S&- In reer%in# the tri!l (ort, the re%pon"ent (ort "e(l!re" th!t the noti(e reire" b*the %!i" !rti(le &!% written noti(e !n" (itin# the 2e Cone$ero %. Court o" Appeals!pplie" b* the tri!l (ort, the re%pon"ent (ort hel" th!t th!t "e(i%ion, interpretin# !lie rle in Arti(le 16, %tre%%e" the nee" for &ritten noti(e !ltho#h no p!rti(l!rform &!% reire"+- &utte %. ?y, emph!%i?e" th!t the &ritten noti(e %hol" be #ien b* the en"or !n"not the en"ee%, (onform!bl* to ! %imil!r reirement n"er Arti(le 16+ '& 4#S& The Court in this case made an e!ception to the rule established in the caseso" 2e Cone$ero and &utte+- he Cort hel" th!t the petition !ppe!r% to be !n ill%tr!tion of the Bolme% "i(tmth!t Dh!r" (!%e% m!e b!" l!&%D !% the petitioner% obio%l* (!nnot !r#e !#!in%tthe f!(t th!t there &!% re!ll* no &ritten noti(e #ien b* the en"or% to their (o-heir%+Stri(tl* !pplie" !n" interprete", Arti(le 10== (!n le!" to onl* one (on(l%ion, to &it,th!t in ie& of %(h "efi(ien(*, the 0 "!* perio" for re"emption h!" not be#n to

rn, m(h le%% e'pire" in 1977+

21 Art+ 10==+ Shol" !n* of the heir% %ell hi% here"it!r* ri#ht% to ! %tr!n#er before the p!rtition, !n* or !ll of the (o-

heir% m!* be %bro#!te" to the ri#ht% of the pr(h!%er b* reimbr%in# him for the pri(e of the %!le, proi"e" the*"o %o &ithin the perio" of one month from the time the* &ere notifie" in &ritin# of the %!le b* the en"or+

22 Art+ 16+ he ri#ht of le#!l pre-emption or re"emption %h!ll not be e'er(i%e" e'(ept &ithin thirt* "!*% from the

noti(e in &ritin# b* the pro%pe(tie en"or, or b* the en"or%, !% the (!%e m!* be+ he "ee" of %!le %h!ll not bere(or"e" in the >e#i%tr* of Propert*, nle%% !((omp!nie" b* !n !ffi"!it of the en"or th!t he h!% #ien &rittennoti(e thereof to !ll po%%ible re"emptioner%+ he ri#ht of r e"emption of (o-o&ner% e'(l"e% th!t of the !"5oinin#o&ner%+

- It %t!te" th!t 5"#e% !re not !tom!ton%+ he* m%t not nfeelin#l* !ppl* the l!& !%it i% &or"e", *iel"in# lie robot% to the liter!l (omm!n" &ithot re#!r" to it% (!%e!n" (on%een(e+ 2hile the Cort m!* not re!" into the l!& ! prpo%e th!t i% notthere, it neerthele%% h!% the ri#ht to re!" out o" it the re!%on for it% en!(tment+ In"oin# %o, it "efer% not to Dthe letter th!t illethD bt to Dthe %pirit th!t iifieth,D to#ie effe(t to the l!& m!er$% &ill+- In reirin# &ritten noti(e, Arti(le 10== %ee% to en%re th!t the re"emptioner i%properl* notifie" of the %!le !n" to in"i(!te the "!te of %(h noti(e !% the %t!rtin#

time of the 0-"!* perio" of re"emption+ Con%i"erin# the %hortne%% of the perio", it i%re!ll* ne(e%%!r*, !% ! #ener!l rle, to pinpoint the pre(i%e "!te it i% %ppo%e" tobe#in, to obi!te !n* problem of !lle#e" "el!*%, %ometime% (on%i%tin# of onl* ! "!* ort&o+- he in%t!nt (!%e pre%ent% no %(h problem be(!%e the ri#ht of re"emption &!%inoe" not days bt  years  !fter the %!le% &ere m!"e in 196 !n" 1964+  he(ompl!int &!% file" b* e(l! P!"! in 1977, 1 *e!r% !fter the fir%t %!le !n" 14 *e!r%!fter the %e(on" %!le+ he "el!* inoe" b* the petitioner% e'ten"% to more th!n !"e(!"e, !%%min# of (or%e th!t there &!% ! !li" noti(e th!t tolle" the rnnin# of theperio" of re"emption+- he Cort rle" th!t in the f!(e of the e%t!bli%he" f!(t%, it (!nnot !((ept the pri!tere%pon"ent%$ preten%e th!t the* &ere n!&!re of the %!le% m!"e b* their brother !n"%i%ter in 196 !n" 1964+ 8* reirin# &ritten proof of %(h noti(e, it &ol" be (lo%in#it% e*e% to the obio% trth in f!or of their p!lp!bl* f!l%e (l!im of i#nor!n(e, th%e'!ltin# the letter of the l!& oer it% prpo%e+ he prpo%e i% (le!r eno#h to m!e

%re th!t the re"emptioner% !re "l* notifie"+ he Cort &!% %!ti%fie" th!t in thi% (!%ethe other brother% !n" %i%ter% &ere !(t!ll* informe", !ltho#h not in &ritin#, of the%!le% m!"e in 196 !n" 1964, !n" th!t %(h noti(e &!% %ffi(ient+- 2hile the Cort "i" not "e(l!re th!t the perio" of re"emption %t!rte" from the "!te%of %(h %!le% in 196 !n" 1964, it "i" %!* th!t %ometime bet&een tho%e *e!r% !n"1976, &hen the fir%t (ompl!int for re"emption &!% file", the other (o-heir% &ere!(t!ll* informe" of the %!le !n" th!t there!fter the 0-"!* perio" %t!rte" rnnin#!n" ltim!tel* e'pire"+ hi% (ol" h!e h!ppene" !n* time "rin# the inter!l ofthirteen *e!r%, &hen none of the (o-heir% m!"e ! moe to re"eem the propertie% %ol"+8* 1977, in other &or"%, &hen e(l! P!"! file" her (ompl!int, the ri#ht ofre"emption h!" !lre!"* been e'tin#i%he" be(!%e the perio" for it% e'er(i%e h!"!lre!"* e'pire"+- 2hile the #ener!l rle i%, th!t to (h!r#e ! p!rt* &ith l!(he% in the !%%ertion of !n!lle#e" ri#ht it i% e%%enti!l th!t he %hol" h!e no&le"#e of the f!(t% pon &hi(h heb!%e% hi% (l!im, *et if the (ir(m%t!n(e% &ere %(h !% %hol" h!e in"(e" inir*,

!n" the me!n% of !%(ert!inin# the trth &ere re!"il* !!il!ble pon inir*, bt thep!rt* ne#le(t% to m!e it, he &ill be (h!r#e!ble &ith l!(he%, the %!me !% if he h!"no&n the f!(t%+- It &!% the perfe(tl* n!tr!l thin# for the (o-heir% to &on"er &h* the %po%e% Alon?o,&ho &ere not !mon# them, %hol" en(lo%e ! portion of the inherite" lot !n" bil"thereon ! ho%e of %tron# m!teri!l%+ hi% "efinitel* &!% not the !(t of ! tempor!r*po%%e%%or or ! mere mort#!#ee+ hi% (ert!inl* looe" lie !n !(t of o&ner%hip+ 3et,#ien thi% n%eeml* %it!tion, none of the (o-heir% %!& fit to ob5e(t or !t le!%t inire,to !%(ert!in the f!(t%, &hi(h &ere re!"il* !!il!ble+ It too !ll of thirteen *e!r% beforeone of them (ho%e to (l!im the ri#ht of re"emption, bt then it &!% !lre!"* too l!te+- he Cort %t!te" th!t in !rriin# !t the !boementione" (on(l%ion, it i% "ei!tin#from the %tri(t letter of the l!&, &hi(h the re%pon"ent (ort n"er%t!n"!bl* !pplie"pr%!nt to e'i%tin# 5ri%pr"en(e+ he %!i" (ort !(te" properl* !% it h!" no(ompeten(e to reer%e the "o(trine% l!i" "o&n b* thi% Cort in the !boe-(ite" (!%e%+

 he Cort (le!rl* %tre%%e" th!t it &!% not !b!n"onin# the <e Cone5ero !n" 8tte

E N 010 71

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SUCCESSION A2010 page 71

"o(trine%+ All it "i" &!% %impl* !"optin# !n e'(eption to the #ener!l rle, in ie& ofthe pe(li!r (ir(m%t!n(e% of thi% (!%e+-he (o-heir% in thi% (!%e &ere n"eni!bl* informe" of the %!le% !ltho#h no noti(e in&ritin# &!% #ien them+ An" there i% no "obt either th!t the 0-"!* perio" be#!n!n" en"e" "rin# the 14 *e!r% bet&een the %!le% in e%tion !n" the filin# of the(ompl!int for re"emption in 1977, &ithot the (o-heir% e'er(i%in# their ri#ht ofre"emption+ he%e !re the 5%tifi(!tion% for thi% e'(eption+

C$A1#. v !AC191 SC>A 11

@riRo-Aino; Noember =+ 1990

NAT"# hi% i% ! petition for reie& on certiorari of the "e(i%ion of the Interme"i!te Appell!teCort &hi(h /1 !nnlle" the %!le m!"e b* .!nel! 8en!i%t! of her propert* inf!or of the %po%e% >!el Ch!e? !n" @er!r"o @imene? !n" the %b%eent %!le b*%!i" %po%e% of the %!me propert* to Pepito Ferrer, !n" / "e(l!re" th!t the e!rlier"ee"% of %!le %i#ne" b* .!nel! !n" her (hil"ren (on%titte" ! !li" p!rtition of thel!n", %b5e(t to her lifetime %fr(t+

FACTS he l!n" in e%tion i% the p!r!phern!l propert* of Petitioner .!nel 8en!i%t! &ho

h!" %i' /6 (hil"ren, n!me" Antonio, >o%!rio, Con(ep(ion, >!el, Pre%ent!(ion !n"Flo%erpin!+ he fir%t three &ere the pl!intiff% !n" the l!%t three, &ith their mother,&ere the "efen"!nt% in Ciil C!%e No+ 194+Pre%ent!(ion Ch!e?, &ith the (onformit* of her mother, .!nel! 8en!i%t!,e'e(te" ! "ee" of %!le &hereb* %he %ol" her 1G6 n"ii"e" %h!re of the l!n" ine%tion to her %i%ter, Con(ep(ion Ch!e?, for P 40+ &o *e!r% l!ter, on .!* , 1960,Flo%erpin! Ch!e?, &ith the (onformit* of her mother, !l%o %ol" her 1G6 n"ii"e"%h!re of the %!me l!n" to her %i%ter, Con(ep(ion, for the %!me pri(e of P40+ >!el,&ith the (onformit* of her mother, lie&i%e %ol" her n"ii"e" 1G6 %h!re of the %!mepropert* to Con(ep(ion Ch!e? for P600+ B!in# !(ire" the %h!re% of Pre%ent!(ion,Flo%erpin! !n" >!el, Con(ep(ion thereb* be(!me the o&ner of ! tot!l n"ii"e" 4G6%h!re of the l!n" in e%tion &ith Antonio !n" >o%!rio !% o&ner% of the rem!inin# G6%h!re%+In !ll the "o(ment%, there &!% ! %tipl!tion th!t the o&ner, .!nel! 8en!i%t!, h!"!%%i#ne" or "i%tribte" to her (hil"ren, in e!l pro-in"ii%o %h!re%, her p!r!phern!l

propert* %it!te" !t Sitio !n#!%, 8!rrio C!l!n#(!&!n Norte, Vin?on%, C!m!rine%Norte, &ith !n !re! of 4+116 he(t!re% more or le%% n"er !' <e(l!r!tion No+ 90!n" !%%e%%e" !t P1,60+00+ he o&ner, ho&eer, re%ere" for her%elf the po%%e%%ionof the l!n" !n" the en5o*ment of the frit% "rin# her lifetime+<e%pite the tr!n%fer% or !%%i#nment% her (hil"ren h!" e'e(te" &ith her (onformit*ten *e!r% e!rlier, .!nel! 8en!i%t!, %i#ne" ! D8ilih!n# P!tl*!n n# p!D of theentire propert* in f!or of her "!#hter, >!el Ch!e?, !n" her h%b!n", @er!r"o

 )imene?+ Antonio, >o%!rio !n" Con(ep(ion file" Ciil C!%e No+ 194 !#!in%t theirmother .!nel! !n" their %i%ter >!el+ herepon, .!nel! %ol" the entire propert*to Pepito Ferrer &ith ri#ht to repr(h!%e+ Ferrer &!% l!ter %e" !% !n !""ition!l"efen"!nt in Ciil C!%e No+ 194+ )"#ment &!% ren"ere" b* the tri!l (ort "i%mi%%in#the (ompl!int, "i%%olin# the prelimin!r* in5n(tion it h!" preio%l* i%%e", !n"or"erin# the pl!intiff% to p!* the (o%t%+ he (ort "i" not !&!r" "!m!#e%+ Cort ofAppe!l% reer%e" the tri!l (ort "e(l!rin# the "ee"% of %!le in f!or of >!el Ch!e?!n" @er!r"o )imene? !n" the %!le in f!or of "efen"!nt-!ppellee Pepito Ferrer !% nll

!n" oi" ab  initio !n" "e(l!rin# frther th!t the "o(ment% !re ei"en(e of ! !li"

p!rtition of the l!n" in e%tion b* !n" bet&een .!nel! 8en!i%t! !n" her (hil"ren,%b5e(t to her ri#ht of %fr(t "rin# her lifetime+ Petitioner% file" ! motion forre(on%i"er!tion bt it &!% "enie"+

!SS"#2ON the IAC erre" in "e(l!rin# !li" the "ee"% of %!le !% ! p!rtition b* !n !(t inter%i%os (on%i"erin# th!t e'!minin# the %!i" e'hibit% &ill ree!l th!t it i% not ! te%t!ment!montin# to ! will of .!nel! 8en!i%t!

$#LDNOAT!-Arti(le 10=0 of the Ne& Ciil Co"e !llo&% ! per%on to m!e ! p!rtition of hi% e%t!teeither b* !n !(t inter %i%os or b* &ill !n" %(h p!rtition %h!ll be re%pe(te" in%of!r !% it"oe% not pre5"i(e the le#itim!te of the (ompl%or* heir%+ 2hile the l!& prohibit%(ontr!(t% pon ftre inherit!n(e, the p!rtition b* the p!rent, !% proi"e" in Art+10=0, i% ! (!%e e'pre%%l* !thori?e" b* l!& /Art+ 147, p!r+ , Ciil Co"e+ Art+ 10=0 ofthe Ciil Co"e (le!rl* #ie% ! per%on t&o option% in m!in# ! p!rtition of hi% e%t!te;either b* !n !(t inter %i%os  or b* 2I+ 2hen ! per%on m!e% ! p!rtition b* &ill, it i%imper!tie th!t %(h p!rtition m%t be e'e(te" in !((or"!n(e &ith the proi%ion% ofthe l!& on &ill%; ho&eer, &hen ! per%on m!e% the p!rtition of hi% e%t!te b* !n !(tinter %i%os, %(h p!rtition m!* een be or!l or &ritten, !n" nee" not be in the form of  ! &ill, proi"e" th!t the p!rtition "oe% not pre5"i(e the le#itime of (ompl%or* heir%+

In nmero% (!%e% it h!% been hel" or %t!te" th!t p!rol p!rtition% m!* be %%t!ine"on the #ron" of e%toppel of the p!rtie% to !%%ert the ri#ht% of ! ten!nt in (ommon !%to p!rt% of l!n" "ii"e" b* p!rol p!rtition !% to &hi(h po%%e%%ion in %eer!lt* &!%t!en !n" !(t% of in"ii"!l o&ner%hip &ere e'er(i%e"+ An" ! (ort of eit* &illre(o#ni?e the !#reement !n" "e(ree it to be !li" !n" effe(t!l for the prpo%e of(on(l"in# the ri#ht of the p!rtie% !% bet&een e!(h other to hol" their re%pe(tiep!rt% in %eer!lt*+ A p!rol p!rtition m!* !l%o be %%t!ine" on the #ron" th!t thep!rtie% thereto h!e !(ie%(e" in !n" r!tifie" the p!rtition b* t!in# po%%e%%ion in%eer!lt*, e'er(i%in# !(t% of o&ner%hip &ith re%pe(t thereto, or other&i%e re(o#ni?in#the e'i%ten(e of the p!rtition+#AS-N!NGIn the in%t!nt (!%e, the re%pon"ent !ppell!te (ort "e(l!re" the <ee"% of S!lee'e(te" b* Pre%ent!(ion, Flo%erfin! !n" >!el, !ll %rn!me" Ch!e? in f!or ofCon(ep(ion Ch!e? !% ei"en(e of ! !li" p!rtition of the l!n" in e%tion b* !n"bet&een .!nel! 8en!i%t! !n" her (hil"ren !% %he not onl* #!e her !thorit*

thereto bt !l%o %i#ne" the %!le%+ he <ee"% of S!le !re not (ontr!(t% entere" into&ith re%pe(t to fe!tre inherit!n(e bt ! (ontr!(t perfe(te" !n" (on%mm!te" "rin#the lifetime of .!nel! 8en!i%t! &ho %i#ne" the %!me !n" #!e her (on%entthereto+ S(h p!rtition inter %i%os, e'e(te" b* the propert* o&ner her%elf, i% !li"+++++ A% the "efen"!nt% freel* p!rti(ip!te" in the p!rtition, the* !re no& e%toppe" from"en*in# !n" rep"i!tin# the (on%een(e% of their o&n olnt!r* !(t%+ It i% ! #ener!lprin(iple of l!& th!t no one m!* be permitte" to "i%!o& !n" #o b!( pon hi% o&n!(t%, or to pro(ee" (ontr!r* thereto+ /)o!in %+ .it%mine 4 Phil+ ==+

BA"T!STA v G!P-IA"!N-166 SC>A 760

@ANCA3CO; O(tober =, 19==

FACTS

SUCCESSION A2010 72

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Petitioner% in%titte" !n !(tion in the Cort of Fir%t In%t!n(e of >i?!l to "e(l!re the"ee" of e'tr!5"i(i!l p!rtition, "ee" of !b%olte %!le, r!n%fer Certifi(!te% itle No%+141=, 141=6 !n" 166 !ll of >e#i%tr* of <ee"% of P!%!* Cit* !n" !' <e(l!r!tionNo+ 147, nll !n" oi"+8!%e" on the p!rtie% %tipl!tion of f!(t%

 he l!n" in e%tion &!% re#i%tere" in the n!me of petitioner .!nel 8!ti%t! n"er C No+ 10, !n" the l!tter inherite" thi% l!n" from hi% f!ther, .!ri!no 8!ti%t!+ On<e(+ , 1966, ! <ee" of E'tr!5"i(i!l P!rtition &!% e'e(te"+ Pri!te re%pon"ent%

&ere %i#n!torie% to the "ee", !n" the %i#n!tre of petitioner .!nel 8!ti%t! &!%%ppo%e" to !ppe!r in th!t "o(ment, !ltho#h petitioner .!nel 8!ti%t! "enie"h!in# %i#ne" th!t E'tr!5"i(i!l P!rtition+ :pon re#i%tr!tion of the <ee" ofE'tr!5"i(i!l P!rtition, +C++ No+ 10 &!% (!n(elle" !n" in lie thereof, +C+++141= &!% i%%e"+ he pri!te re%pon"ent%, &ith the e'(eption of .!nolito 8!ti%t!,e'e(te" ! <ee" of Ab%olte S!le in f!or of .!nolito 8!ti%t! of th!t propert*+ :ponre#i%tr!tion of the <ee" of S!le, +C++ -141= &!% (!n(elle" !n" in lie thereof,

 +C++ No+ -141=6 &!% i%%e" to .!nolito 8!ti%t!+On A#%t 7, 1969, .!nolito 8!ti%t! e'e(te" ! <ee" of S!le in f!or of the otherpri!te re%pon"ent% !n" pon re#i%tr!tion of %!i" <ee" of S!le, + C++ No%+ -1 66,

 -1666, -1667, -166=, -1669, - 1670, -1671, &ere i%%e" to pri!tere%pon"ent%+ Petitioner .!nel 8!ti%t! m!rrie" hi% %e(on" &ife Emili!n! !m!*o+.!nel 8!ti%t! !n" hi% %e(on" &ife, Emili!n! !m!*o, h!" onl* ! (hil", E!n#eline8!ti%t!, born on April 9,1949+ the propert* in e%tion &!% the %b5e(t m!tter ofe'tr!5"i(i!l p!rtition of propert* on <e(ember ,1966, !mon# the heir% of the l!te

 )li!n! No5!"er!, the fir%t &ife of .!nel 8!ti%t!+ .!nel 8!ti%t! "enie"p!rti(ip!tion in the E'tr!5"i(i!l P!rtition of Propert*+ On A#%t 1, 1974, !ll thep!rtie% !#ree" to %bmit to the N8I the e%tione" %i#n!tre of .!nel 8!ti%t!+ heN8I (on(l"e" th!t the e%tione" "o(ment &!% !thenti(+

 he tri!l (ort "i%mi%%e" the (ompl!int &ith (o%t% !#!in%t pl!intiff%+ CA !ffirme"

!SS"#2ON the propert* of the %riin# h%b!n" be the %b5e(t of !n e'tr!5"i(i!l p!rtitionof the e%t!te of the "e(e!%e" &ife

$#LDNOAT!-:n"er Se(tion 1, >le 74 of the >le% of Cort !n e'tr!5"i(i!l %ettlement of the E%t!te!pplie% onl* to the estate le"t by the decedent  &ho "ie" &ithot ! &ill, !n" &ith no

(re"itor%, !n" the heir% !re !ll of !#e or the minor% !re repre%ente" b* their 5"i(i!l orle#!l repre%ent!tie%+ If the propert* "oe% not belon# to the e%t!te of the "e(e"ent(ert!inl* it (!nnot be the %b5e(t m!tter of !n e'tr!5"i(i!l p!rtition+A% the %b5e(t propert* "oe% not belon# to the e%t!te of )li!n! No5!"er!, the <ee" ofE'tr!5"i(i!l P!rtition, i% %oid ab initio  bein# (ontr!r* to l!&+ o in(l"e in !ne'tr!5"i(i!l p!rtition propert* &hi(h "oe% not pert!in to the e%t!te of the "e(e!%e"&ol" be to "eprie the l!&fl o&ner thereof of hi% propert* &ithot "e pro(e%% ofl!&+ Onl* propert* of the e%t!te of the "e(e"ent &hi(h i% tr!n%mitte" b* %((e%%ion(!n be the l!&fl %b5e(t m!tter of !n e'tr!5"i(i!l p!rtition+ In thi% (!%e, the %!i"p!rtition obio%l* pre5"i(e% the ri#ht of .!nel 8!ti%t! !% e'(l%ie o&ner of thepropert*+

 he %!i" p!rtition !l%o effe(tiel* re%lte" in the preterition of the ri#ht of E!n#eline8!ti%t! !% ! (ompl%or* heir of .!nel 8!ti%t!, "!#hter of the l!tter b* hi% %e(on"m!rri!#e+ It i% "iffi(lt to beliee th!t .!nel 8!ti%t! &ol" &ittin#l* oerloo !n"i#nore the ri#ht of her "!#hter E!n#eline to %h!re in the %!i" propert*+ It i% not

%rpri%in# th!t he "enie" %i#nin# the %!i" "o(ment+ .oreoer, pri!te re%pon"ent%

ne& E!n#eline 8!ti%t! &ho i% their h!lf-%i%ter to be ! (ompl%or* heir+ he (ortfin"% th!t her preterition &!% !tten"e" &ith b!" f!ith hen(e the %!i" p!rtition m%t bere%(in"e"+

 he Cort ob%ere% th!t !fter the e'e(tion of %!i" e'tr!5"i(i!l p!rtition !n" i%%!n(eof the title in their n!me%, pri!te re%pon"ent% e'(ept .!nolito 8!ti%t! in trne'e(te" ! "ee" of !b%olte %!le of the propert* in f!or of the l!tter in &ho%e n!methe title &!% !l%o i%%e"+ An" *et %oon there!fter !nother "ee" of %!le &!% e'e(te"thi% time b* .!nolito 8!ti%t! %ellin# b!( the %!me propert* to pri!te re%pon"ent%

in &ho%e n!me% the re%pe(tie title% &ere th% %b%eentl* i%%e"+ hi% %erie% oftr!n%!(tion% bet&een !n" !mon# pri!te re%pon"ent% i% !n in"i(!tion of ! (leer%(heme to pl!(e the propert* be*on" the re!(h of tho%e l!&fll* entitle" thereto+.oreoer, %(h e'tr!5"i(i!l p!rtition (!nnot (on%titte ! p!rtition of the propert*"rin# the lifetime of it% o&ner, .!nel 8!ti%t!+ P!rtition of ftre inherit!n(e i%prohibite" b* l!&+ 2 A% %!i" E'tr!5"i(i!l P!rtition "!te" <e(ember , 1966, of propert* belon#in#e'(l%iel* to petitioner .!nel 8!ti%t!, i% nll !n" oi" ab initio  it follo&% th!t !ll%b%eent tr!n%!(tion% inolin# the %!me propert* bet&een !n" !mon# the pri!tere%pon"ent% !re !l%o nll !n" oi"+ Pre%(ription (!nnot be inoe" in thi% (!%e !% thepetitioner%$ ri#ht to %e their (o-o&ner% for p!rtition of the propert* i% impre%(riptible+)  An" een !%%min# th!t the pre%ent !(tion m!* pre%(ribe !% rle" b* there%pon"ent (ort, petitioner% Emili!n! 8!ti%t! !n" E!n#eline 8!ti%t! &ho !re notp!rtie% to the %!i" in%trment !%%erte" th!t the* "i%(oere" the %!me onl* %oonbefore the* file" the (ompl!int in (ort+ Cert!inl* the !(tion h!% not pre%(ribe"+

G"!LAS v ;"DG#-0669

.AASIA>; )!n!r* 1,197

NAT"#Petition for certiorari !n" mandamus.

FACTS-)!(int! im%on "e ope?, of @!#!, P!mp!n#! &!% m!rrie" to Ale5!n"ro ope? *Sion#(o+ he* h!" no (hil"ren+ On April =, 196, )!(int! e'e(te" ! &ill in%tittin#her h%b!n" Ale5!n"ro !% her %ole heir !n" e'e(tor+IIn ! >e%oltion "!te" O(tober 6, herein petitioner )!nit! ope?, then %in#le !n"no& m!rrie" to Fe"eri(o @il!%, &!% "e(l!re" le#!ll* !"opte" "!#hter !n" le#!l heir

of the %po%e% )!(int! !n" Ale5!n"ro+ After !"optin# le#!ll* herein petitioner )!nit!ope?, the te%t!tri' <oR! )!(int! "i" not e'e(te !nother &ill or (o"i(il %o !% toin(l"e )!nit! ope? !% one of her heir%+ he !forementione" &ill &!% !"mitte" toprob!te !n" the %riin# h%b!n", Ale5!n"ro ope? * Sion#(o, &!% !ppointe"e'e(tor &ithot bon" b* the Cort of Fir%t In%t!n(e of P!mp!n#!- Neerthele%%, in ! pro5e(t of p!rtition "!te" .!r(h 19, 1960 e'e(te" b* bothAle5!n"ro ope? !n" )!nit! ope? @il!%, the ri#ht of )!nit! ope? to inherit from

 )!(int! &!% re(o#ni?e" !n" lot% belon#in# to )!(int!$% p!r!phern!l propert*, both%it!te" in 8!(olor P!mp!n#!, /t&o lot% then !%%e%%e" re%pe(tiel* !t P,070+00 !n"P,=00+00 &ere !"5"i(!te" to )!nit! ope?-@il!% !% her %h!re free from !ll lien%,en(mbr!n(e% !n" (h!r#e%, &ith the e'e(tor Ale5!n"ro ope?, bin"in# him%elf to freethe %!i" t&o p!r(el% from %(h lien%, en(mbr!n(e% !n" (h!r#e%+ he re%t of thee%t!te of the "e(e!%e" (on%i%tin# of = other p!r(el% of l!n"% &ith ! tot!l !%%e%%e"!l!tion of P69,00+00, !% &ell !% per%on!l propertie% in(l"in# ! 19 8i( (!r!le" !t P,00+00 &ere !llotte" to <on Ale5!n"ro &ho !%%me" !ll the mort#!#e

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SUCCESSION A2010 page 73

lien% on the e%t!te+ In !n or"er "!te" April , 1960, the lo&er (ort !pproe" the%!i" pro5e(t of p!rtition+On April 10, 1964, herein petitioner )!nit! ope?-@il!% file" ! %ep!r!te or"in!r*!(tion to %et !%i"e !n" !nnl the pro5e(t of p!rtition, in the Cort of Fir%t In%t!n(e ofP!mp!n#!, on the #ron" of le%ion, perpetr!tion !n" fr!", !n" pr!* frther th!tAle5!n"ro ope? be or"ere" to %bmit ! %t!tement of !((ont% of !ll the (rop% !n" to"elier imme"i!tel* to )!nit! lot% no%+ 6= !n" 441 of the 8!(olor C!"!%tre, &hi(h&ere !llo(!te" to her n"er the pro5e(t of p!rtition+ .e!n&hile, in e%t!te Pro(ee"in#%

No+ 146, )!nit! file" ! petition "!te" )l* 0, 1964 pr!*in# th!t Ale5!n"ro ope? be"ire(te" to "elier to her the !(t!l po%%e%%ion of %!i" lot% no%+ 6= !n" 441 !% &ell!% the 1,16 (!ern% of p!l!* th!t he (olle(te" from the ten /10 ten!nt% or le%%ee% ofthe %!i" t&o lot%+In hi% oppo%ition to the %!i" petition, Ale5!n"ro ope? (l!im% th!t, b* irte of theor"er "!te" April , 1960 &hi(h !pproe" the pro5e(t of p!rtition %bmitte" b* bothAle5!n"ro !n" )!nit!, !n" the or"er of <e(ember 1, 1960 &hi(h Dor"ere" (lo%e" !n"termin!te" the pre%ent (!%eD, the te%t!te pro(ee"in#% h!" !lre!"* been (lo%e" !n"termin!te"; !n" th!t he (e!%e" !% ! (on%een(e to be the e'e(tor of the e%t!te ofthe "e(e!%e"; !n" th!t )!nit! ope? i% #ilt* of l!(he% !n" ne#li#en(e in filin# thepetition of the "elier* of her %h!re 4 *e!r% !fter %(h (lo%re of the e%t!te, &hen %he(ol" h!e file" ! petition for relief of 5"#ment &ithin %i't* /60 "!*% from <e(ember1, 1960 n"er >le = of the ol" >le% of Cort+In her repl* to %!i" oppo%ition, )!nit! (onten"% th!t the !(t!l "elier* !n""i%tribtion of the here"it!r* %h!re% to the heir%, !n" not the or"er of the (ort

"e(l!rin# !% (lo%e" !n" termin!te" the pro(ee"in#%, "etermine% the termin!tion ofthe prob!te pro(ee"in#% ;citing (ntestate estate o" the deceased Mercedes CanoTimbol %s. Cano where it was ruled that #the probate court loses $urisdiction o" anestate under administration only a"ter the payment o" all the ta!es and a"ter theremaining estate is deli%ered to the heirs entitled to recei%e the same#; th!t thee'e(tor Ale5!n"ro i% e%toppe" from oppo%in# her petition be(!%e he &!% the one&ho prep!re", file" !n" %e(re" (ort !ppro!l of, the !fore%!i" pro5e(t of p!rtition,&hi(h %he %ee% to be implemente"; th!t %he i% not #ilt* of l!(he%, be(!%e &hen%he file" on )l* 0, 1964, her petition for he "elier* of her %h!re !llo(!te" to hern"er the pro5e(t of p!rtition, le%% th!n *e!r% h!" el!p%e" from A#%t =, 1961&hen the !men"e" pro5e(t of p!rtition &!% !pproe", &hi(h i% &ithin the -*e!rperio" for the e'e(tion of 5"#ment b* motion+In it% or"er "!te" O(tober , 1964, the lo&er (ort !fter ! Dpre-tri!lD %t!te" th!tbe(!%e the (iil !(tion for the !nnlment of the pro5e(t of p!rtition &!% file" on April1, 1964, before the filin# on )l* , 1964 of the petition for "elier* of the %h!re% of

 )!nit! ope?, Dthe p!rtie% h!e !#ree" to %%pen" !(tion or re%oltion pon the %!i"petition for the "elier* of %h!re% ntil; !fter the (iil !(tion !forementione" h!% beenfin!ll* %ettle" !n" "e(i"e"D, !n" forth&ith %et the (iil !(tion for !nnlment for tri!l onNoember , !n" <e(ember , 1964On )ne 11, 196, )!nit! file" !n !men"e" (ompl!int in Ciil C!%e 9 /pp+ 7=-110,re(+, &here %he !(no&le"#e% the p!rti!l le#!lit* !n" !li"it* of the pro5e(t ofp!rtition in%of!r !% the !llo(!tion in her f!or of the ot% No%+ 6= !n" 441, the"elier* of &hi(h %he i% %eein#+In her motion "!te" Noember 17, 196, )!nit! %o#ht the %ettin# !%i"e of the or"er"!te" O(tober , 1964 on the #ron" th!t &hile the %!i" or"er (on%i"ere" her !(tionfor !nnlment of the pro5e(t of p!rtition !% ! pre5"i(i!l e%tion, her filin# !n!men"e" (ompl!int on )ne 11, 196 in the (iil (!%e &herein %he !"mitte" thep!rti!l le#!lit* !n" !li"it* of the pro5e(t of p!rtition &ith re%pe(t to the !"5"i(!tionto her of the t&o lot% !% her %h!re, ren"ere" %!i" (iil (!%e No+ 9 no lon#er !pre5"i(i!l e%tion to her petition of )l* 0, 1964 for the "elier* of her %h!re

!SS"#2ON the prob!te (ort lo%e% 5ri%"i(tion oer the prob!te pro(ee"in#% pon the or"erof %(h (ort termin!tin# %(h (!%e+

$#LDNoAT!-

 he prob!te (ort lo%e% 5ri%"i(tion of !n e%t!te n"er !"mini%tr!tion onl* !fter the

p!*ment of !ll the "ebt% !n" the rem!inin# e%t!te "eliere" to the heir% entitle" tore(eie the %!me+ he fin!lit* of the !ppro!l of the pro5e(t of p!rtition b* it%elf !lone"oe% not termin!te the prob!te pro(ee"in#+ A% lon# !% the or"er of the "i%tribtion ofthe e%t!te h!% not been (omplie" &ith, the prob!te pro(ee"in#% (!nnot be "eeme"(lo%e" !n" termin!te"; be(!%e ! 5"i(i!l p!rtition i% not fin!l !n" (on(l%ie !n""oe% not preent the heir from brin#in# !n !(tion to obt!in hi% %h!re, proi"e" thepre%(riptie perio" therefor h!% not el!p%e"+ he better pr!(ti(e, ho&eer, for the heir&ho h!% not re(eie" hi% %h!re, i% to "em!n" hi% %h!re thro#h ! proper motion in the%!me prob!te or !"mini%tr!tion pro(ee"in#%, or for re-openin# of the prob!te or!"mini%tr!tie pro(ee"in#% if it h!" !lre!"* been (lo%e", !n" not thro#h !nin"epen"ent !(tion, &hi(h &ol" be trie" b* !nother (ort or )"#e &hi(h m!* th%reer%e ! "e(i%ion or or"er of the prob!te on inte%t!te (ort !lre!"* fin!l !n"e'e(te" !n" re-%hffle propertie% lon# !#o "i%tribte" !n" "i%po%e" of #AS-N!NGSe(tion 1 of >le 90 of the >ei%e" >le% of Cort of 1964 !% &or"e", &hi(h %e(re%

for the heir% or le#!tee% the ri#ht to D"em!n" !n" re(oer their re%pe(tie %h!re%from the e'e(tor or !"mini%tr!tor, or !n* other per%on h!in# the %!me in hi%po%%e%%ionD, re-%t!te% the !fore(ite" "o(trine%+

 he (!%e of Austria %s. eirs o" Kentenilla /99 Phil+ 106= "oe% not (ontrol the pre%ent(ontroer%*; be(!%e the motion file" therein for the remo!l of the !"mini%tr!tri'!n" the !ppointment of ! ne& !"mini%tr!tor in her pl!(e &!% re5e(te" b* the (ort onthe #ron" of l!(he% !% it &!% file" !fter the l!p%e of !bot = *e!r% from O(tober ,1910 &hen the (ort i%%e" !n or"er %ettlin# !n" "e(i"in# the i%%e% r!i%e" b* themotion /-1001=, September 19, 196, 99 Phil+, 1069-1070+ In the (!%e !t b!r, themotion file" b* petitioner for the "elier* of her %h!re &!% file" on )l* 0, 1964,&hi(h i% 5%t more th!n *e!r% from A#%t =, 1961 &hen the !men"e" pro5e(t ofp!rtition &!% !pproe !n" &ithin *e!r% from April , 1960 &hen the ori#in!l pro5e(tof p!rtition &!% !pproe"+ Cle!rl*, her ri#ht to (l!im the t&o lot% !llo(!te" to hern"er the pro5e(t of p!rtition h!" not *et e'pire"+ An" in the li#ht of Se(tion 1 of >le90 of the >ei%e" >le% of Cort of 1964 !n" the 5ri%pr"en(e !boe (ite", the or"er

"!te" <e(ember 1, 1960 of the prob!te (ort (lo%in# !n" termin!tin# the prob!te(!%e "i" not le#!ll* termin!te the te%t!te pro(ee"in#%, for her %h!re n"er the pro5e(tof p!rtition h!% not been "eliere" to her+2hile it i% tre th!t the or"er "!te" O(tober , 1964 b* !#reement of the p!rtie%%%pen"e" re%oltion of her petition for the "elier* of her %h!re% ntil !fter the"e(i%ion in the (iil !(tion for the !nnlment of the pro5e(t of p!rtition /Ciil C!%e9 %he file" on April 10, 1964; the %!i" or"er lo%t it% !li"it* !n" effi(!(* &hen theherein petitioner file" on )ne 11, 196 !n !men"e" (ompl!int in %!i" Ciil C!%e 9&herein %he re(o#ni?e" the p!rti!l le#!lit* !n" !li"it* of the %!i" pro5e(t of p!rtitionin%of!r !% the !llo(!tion in her f!or of lot% No%+ 6= !n" 441 in the "elier* of&hi(h %he h!% been in%i%tin# !ll !lon#


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