7.2 KEGEMILANGAN KERAJAAN JOHOR
Transcript of 7.2 KEGEMILANGAN KERAJAAN JOHOR
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KEGEMILANGAN KERAJAAN JOHOR
Disusun Oleh : PN. HJH. ROSIAH BT. HASAN
Sumber Rujukan dan Penghargaan:�Sejarah Tingkatan 1 � DBP�Gred A Sejarah KBSM Tingkatan 1 2 3 � Cerdik Publications�Encarta Encyclopedia�Rujukan Internet
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7.2 KEGEMILANGAN KERAJAANJOHOR
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1. JOHOR SEBAGAI PUSAT PERDAGANGAN
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i. Johor menjadi pelabuhan entrepot setelah berjayamenguasai kawasan di Sumatera, Tanah Melayudan pulau-pulau di sekitar Johor.
ii. Kapal dagang Johor berdagang hingga ke Malukudan Makasar
iii. Pelabuhan Johor pula didatangi oleh pedagang dari- Canton (Guangzhao) dan Amoy- Belanda dan Inggeris
iv. Semasa pemerintahan Sultan Mahmud Shah, pelabuhan Johor berpindah dari Batu Sawar ke Riau.
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vi. Peranan Pelabuhan Riau dalam Pemerintahan KerajaanJohor:
� Pandangan Thomas Silcher yang menjadi gabenorBelanda di Melaka yang mengatakan tentang bilangankapal yang banyak di pelabuhan Riau.
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RIAU- sumber: internet
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�Kepelbagaian barang yang terdapat di siniBarangan luar � benang emas, kain sutera
putih, teh, tembikar dantembaga.
Barangan tempatan � damar, tikar, bijih timah,sagu, minyak, lada hitam,pinang, ikan masin, garam, kayu gaharu dan beras
Johor juga terkenal sebagai pembekal kaincorak baru.
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� Kemudahan pelabuhan- gudang- tempat membaiki kapal
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� Sistem Perdagangan
i. Tukar barang � sistem barter
ii. Matawang- semasa pemerintahan Sultan Alauddin Riayat
Shah II gunakan mata wang emas, perak dantimah.Mata wang emas � masMata wang perak � kupangMata wang timah � Katun
- Mata wang asing yang digunakan Dolar Sepanyol,Dolar Mexico dan Duit Belanda
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� Sistem Cukai Berpatutan
10 keping mas1 bahara timah
6 keping mas1 bahara ladahitam
Kadar CukaiBarangan
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� Sistem Naungan
-Setiap pedagang diberi jaminan keselamatanmelalui sistem naungan
-Pedagang luar dilindungi oleh Bendahara, Raja Indera Bongsu, Temenggung dan Laksamana.
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� Peranan Orang Laut yang sangat setia
-Mengumpul hasil hutan-Mengumpul hasil laut-Pendayung kapal kerajaan-Pengawas perairan-Penunda-Penunjuk arah-Pengawal pelabuhan
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� Keistimewaan Pelabuhan Johor sendiri
-Terlindung dari tiupan angin monsun-Pintu masuk bahagian selatan ke Selat Melaka.-Mengawal aktiviti lalu lintas kapal dari baratdan timur
-Pedagang dapat merancang perjalananperdagangan mereka melalui tiupan anginmonsun
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� Faktor lain
-Johor merupakan pusat membuat kapalpesisir pantai:
BantengKolekPencalangPencacap
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2. PERKEMBANGAN PERSURATANMELAYU
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i. Johor masyur sebagi pusat perkembanganpersuratan Melayu pada abad ke 17.
ii. Antara karya yang dihasilkan ialah- Hikayat Hang Tuah- Sejarah Melayu- Karya sejarah, bahasa dan buku ilmu Islam.
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MANUSKRIP HIKAYATHANG TUAH
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iii.Hikayat Hang Tuah menceritakan:
- Keberanian dan kegagahan pahlawan Melayumelalui watak Hang Tuah, Hang Jebat, HangLekir, Hang Lekiu dan Hang Kasturi.
- Kegemilangan Kesultanan Melayu Melaka.
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iv.Sejarah Melayu
- ditulis di Melaka- disusun semula oleh Tun Seri Lanang- naskhah yang menjadi sumber pensejarahan
Melayu dan dokumen kebudayaan Melayu.
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NASKHAH SEJARAH MELAYUYANG DICETAK SEMULA
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v. Karyawan besar Johor
-Raja Haji Ahmad-Raja Ali Haji
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vi.Teknik percetakan
- Naskhah asal ditulis menggunakantulisan jawi
- Kemudian cetakan dibuat menggunakan�cap batu� pada abad ke 19.
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vii.Johor juga merupakan pusatpengajian ilmu Islam ketika MakamTauhid menjadi pusat pemerintahankerajaan Johor.
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