7.1 Chromosomes and Phenotype Set up Cornell Notes on pg. 77 Topic: 7.1 Chromosomes and Phenotype:...
-
Upload
victoria-bates -
Category
Documents
-
view
225 -
download
0
Transcript of 7.1 Chromosomes and Phenotype Set up Cornell Notes on pg. 77 Topic: 7.1 Chromosomes and Phenotype:...
![Page 1: 7.1 Chromosomes and Phenotype Set up Cornell Notes on pg. 77 Topic: 7.1 Chromosomes and Phenotype: Autosomal Genetic Disorders Essential Questions: 1.Why.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062318/56649f2f5503460f94c4a189/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
7.1 Chromosomes and PhenotypeSet up Cornell Notes on pg. 77
•Topic: 7.1 Chromosomes and Phenotype: Autosomal Genetic Disorders
•Essential Questions:
1.Why is it impossible to have a “carrier” of an autosomal dominant disorder?
2.1 Atoms, Ions, and Molecules
7.1 Chromosomes and Phenotype: Autosomal Genetic Disorders
KEY CONCEPT The chromosomes on which genes are located can affect the expression of traits.
1. Why is it impossible to have a “carrier” of an autosomal dominant disorder?
![Page 2: 7.1 Chromosomes and Phenotype Set up Cornell Notes on pg. 77 Topic: 7.1 Chromosomes and Phenotype: Autosomal Genetic Disorders Essential Questions: 1.Why.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062318/56649f2f5503460f94c4a189/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
7.1 Chromosomes and Phenotype
KEY CONCEPT The chromosomes on which genes are located can affect the expression of traits.
![Page 3: 7.1 Chromosomes and Phenotype Set up Cornell Notes on pg. 77 Topic: 7.1 Chromosomes and Phenotype: Autosomal Genetic Disorders Essential Questions: 1.Why.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062318/56649f2f5503460f94c4a189/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
7.1 Chromosomes and Phenotype
• Many human genetic disorders are caused by autosomal genes, and can be predicted the same as flower color, or Pea shape
• Autosomal genetic disorders: disorders that have no relation to the sex of an individual• Can be male or female in equal porportions
Ex: Albinism
![Page 4: 7.1 Chromosomes and Phenotype Set up Cornell Notes on pg. 77 Topic: 7.1 Chromosomes and Phenotype: Autosomal Genetic Disorders Essential Questions: 1.Why.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062318/56649f2f5503460f94c4a189/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
7.1 Chromosomes and Phenotype
– Autosomal recessive disorder: Any offspring with two recessive genes (cc) will have the disease/disorder
C c
C
c cc
Cc
Cc
CC
Disorder
Ex: Cystic Fibrosis
![Page 5: 7.1 Chromosomes and Phenotype Set up Cornell Notes on pg. 77 Topic: 7.1 Chromosomes and Phenotype: Autosomal Genetic Disorders Essential Questions: 1.Why.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062318/56649f2f5503460f94c4a189/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
7.1 Chromosomes and Phenotype
– A carrier is heterozygous (Cc) for a recessive disorder and does not show any signs or symptoms, but can pass on the disorder to their offspring
C c
C
c cc
Cc
Cc
CC*carrier
*carrier Disorder
Ex: Cystic Fibrosis
![Page 6: 7.1 Chromosomes and Phenotype Set up Cornell Notes on pg. 77 Topic: 7.1 Chromosomes and Phenotype: Autosomal Genetic Disorders Essential Questions: 1.Why.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062318/56649f2f5503460f94c4a189/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
7.1 Chromosomes and Phenotype
Video: Autosomal Recessive Disorders (4m52s)
Pg. 76 Take at least 10 bullets
![Page 7: 7.1 Chromosomes and Phenotype Set up Cornell Notes on pg. 77 Topic: 7.1 Chromosomes and Phenotype: Autosomal Genetic Disorders Essential Questions: 1.Why.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062318/56649f2f5503460f94c4a189/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
7.1 Chromosomes and Phenotype
– Albinism is a autosomal recessive disorder characterized by a lack of pigment in skin, hair, and eyes.
![Page 8: 7.1 Chromosomes and Phenotype Set up Cornell Notes on pg. 77 Topic: 7.1 Chromosomes and Phenotype: Autosomal Genetic Disorders Essential Questions: 1.Why.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062318/56649f2f5503460f94c4a189/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
7.1 Chromosomes and Phenotype
![Page 9: 7.1 Chromosomes and Phenotype Set up Cornell Notes on pg. 77 Topic: 7.1 Chromosomes and Phenotype: Autosomal Genetic Disorders Essential Questions: 1.Why.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062318/56649f2f5503460f94c4a189/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
7.1 Chromosomes and Phenotype
![Page 10: 7.1 Chromosomes and Phenotype Set up Cornell Notes on pg. 77 Topic: 7.1 Chromosomes and Phenotype: Autosomal Genetic Disorders Essential Questions: 1.Why.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062318/56649f2f5503460f94c4a189/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
7.1 Chromosomes and Phenotype
![Page 11: 7.1 Chromosomes and Phenotype Set up Cornell Notes on pg. 77 Topic: 7.1 Chromosomes and Phenotype: Autosomal Genetic Disorders Essential Questions: 1.Why.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062318/56649f2f5503460f94c4a189/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
7.1 Chromosomes and Phenotype
A a
A
A
A a
a
a
Fill out these punnett sqs. What is the probability that the offspring will have albinism?
Genotype:Phenotype:Carriers?:Are either of the parents albino?
Genotype:Phenotype:Carriers?:Are either of the parents albino?
mom mom
dad dad
![Page 12: 7.1 Chromosomes and Phenotype Set up Cornell Notes on pg. 77 Topic: 7.1 Chromosomes and Phenotype: Autosomal Genetic Disorders Essential Questions: 1.Why.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062318/56649f2f5503460f94c4a189/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
7.1 Chromosomes and Phenotype
A a
A
A
A a
a
a
AA Aa*carrier
AA Aa*carrier
Genotype: AA, AaPhenotype: •O% albino•100% non-albinoCarrier?: 50% carrierParents?: Neither parent is albino
Aa*carrier
aa*disorder
Aa*carrier
aa*disorder
Genotype: AaPhenotype: •50% albino•50% non-albinoCarrier?: 50% carrierParents: Father is albino
![Page 13: 7.1 Chromosomes and Phenotype Set up Cornell Notes on pg. 77 Topic: 7.1 Chromosomes and Phenotype: Autosomal Genetic Disorders Essential Questions: 1.Why.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062318/56649f2f5503460f94c4a189/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
7.1 Chromosomes and Phenotype
Both Mom and Dad have to either have the disorder or be carriers for offspring to be affected with an autosomal recessive disorder!
![Page 14: 7.1 Chromosomes and Phenotype Set up Cornell Notes on pg. 77 Topic: 7.1 Chromosomes and Phenotype: Autosomal Genetic Disorders Essential Questions: 1.Why.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062318/56649f2f5503460f94c4a189/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
7.1 Chromosomes and Phenotype
Video: ABC’s Special Report: Albinism- Caught between light and dark (6m54s)
![Page 15: 7.1 Chromosomes and Phenotype Set up Cornell Notes on pg. 77 Topic: 7.1 Chromosomes and Phenotype: Autosomal Genetic Disorders Essential Questions: 1.Why.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062318/56649f2f5503460f94c4a189/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
7.1 Chromosomes and Phenotype
• Autosomal DOMINANT Disorders: any offspring with a dominant allele will have the disorder– Dominant disorders are uncommon– No carriers! ( Hh- would show the trait)
H h
h
h
*anywhere there is an H the child will have the disease
Hh hh
Hh hh
Disorder
Disorder
![Page 16: 7.1 Chromosomes and Phenotype Set up Cornell Notes on pg. 77 Topic: 7.1 Chromosomes and Phenotype: Autosomal Genetic Disorders Essential Questions: 1.Why.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062318/56649f2f5503460f94c4a189/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
7.1 Chromosomes and Phenotype
Treacher Collins Syndrome is an autosomal Dominant disorder.It can lead to the person having no cheekbones (so the eyes droop), and they may also have a cleft palate and under developed ears.
![Page 17: 7.1 Chromosomes and Phenotype Set up Cornell Notes on pg. 77 Topic: 7.1 Chromosomes and Phenotype: Autosomal Genetic Disorders Essential Questions: 1.Why.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062318/56649f2f5503460f94c4a189/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
7.1 Chromosomes and Phenotype
If Mom or Dad have the disorder 50/50 chance the offspring will also have the disorder.
T t
t
t
Tt*disorder
tt
Tt*disorder
tt
Genotype: Tt, ttPhenotype:•50% will have TCS•50% non-TCS
Genotype:Phenotype:
![Page 18: 7.1 Chromosomes and Phenotype Set up Cornell Notes on pg. 77 Topic: 7.1 Chromosomes and Phenotype: Autosomal Genetic Disorders Essential Questions: 1.Why.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062318/56649f2f5503460f94c4a189/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
7.1 Chromosomes and Phenotype
Video: Ashley’s Story- Treacher Collins Syndrome (5m11s)
![Page 19: 7.1 Chromosomes and Phenotype Set up Cornell Notes on pg. 77 Topic: 7.1 Chromosomes and Phenotype: Autosomal Genetic Disorders Essential Questions: 1.Why.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062318/56649f2f5503460f94c4a189/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
7.1 Chromosomes and PhenotypeSet up Cornell Notes on pg. 79•Topic: 7.1 Chromosomes and Phenotype: Sex-linked Genes
•Essential Questions:
1. Describe how Sex-linked genes are expressed differently in men than women.
2.1 Atoms, Ions, and Molecules
7.1 Chromosomes and Phenotype: Sex-linked Genes
1. Describe how Sex-linked genes are expressed differently in men than women.
![Page 20: 7.1 Chromosomes and Phenotype Set up Cornell Notes on pg. 77 Topic: 7.1 Chromosomes and Phenotype: Autosomal Genetic Disorders Essential Questions: 1.Why.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062318/56649f2f5503460f94c4a189/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
7.1 Chromosomes and Phenotype
Genes on sex chromosomes are called sex-linked genes. – Y chromosome genes in mammals are responsible for
male characteristics.– X chromosome genes in mammals affect many traits.
![Page 21: 7.1 Chromosomes and Phenotype Set up Cornell Notes on pg. 77 Topic: 7.1 Chromosomes and Phenotype: Autosomal Genetic Disorders Essential Questions: 1.Why.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062318/56649f2f5503460f94c4a189/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
7.1 Chromosomes and Phenotype
• Gene expression is often related to whether a gene is located on an autosome or a sex chromosome– Sex chromosomesSex chromosomes: determine gender– Autosomes: all other chromosomes- no relation to gender
• All genes that Mendel studied were autosomes• Most traits are the result of autosomal genes
![Page 22: 7.1 Chromosomes and Phenotype Set up Cornell Notes on pg. 77 Topic: 7.1 Chromosomes and Phenotype: Autosomal Genetic Disorders Essential Questions: 1.Why.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062318/56649f2f5503460f94c4a189/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
7.1 Chromosomes and Phenotype
• Because the X and Y chromosomes have different genes, sex-linked genes have a pattern of expression that is different from autosomal genes
![Page 23: 7.1 Chromosomes and Phenotype Set up Cornell Notes on pg. 77 Topic: 7.1 Chromosomes and Phenotype: Autosomal Genetic Disorders Essential Questions: 1.Why.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062318/56649f2f5503460f94c4a189/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
7.1 Chromosomes and Phenotype
– because Males have no second copies of sex-linked genes ALL of a male’s sex-linked genes are expressed
– So even if all the sex-linked genes of a male are recessive, they will be expressed
Only 1 Y, and 1 X
![Page 24: 7.1 Chromosomes and Phenotype Set up Cornell Notes on pg. 77 Topic: 7.1 Chromosomes and Phenotype: Autosomal Genetic Disorders Essential Questions: 1.Why.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062318/56649f2f5503460f94c4a189/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
7.1 Chromosomes and Phenotype
• Female mammals have an XX genotype.
– Expression of sex-linked genes is similar to autosomal genes in females.
– X chromosome inactivation randomly “turns off” one X chromosome
– ensures that females, like males, have one functional copy of the X chromosome in each body cell
![Page 25: 7.1 Chromosomes and Phenotype Set up Cornell Notes on pg. 77 Topic: 7.1 Chromosomes and Phenotype: Autosomal Genetic Disorders Essential Questions: 1.Why.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062318/56649f2f5503460f94c4a189/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
7.1 Chromosomes and Phenotype
X
• X Chromosome inactivation example: Tortoiseshell and Calico Cats (always female)
• The female cats have white fur; and black (b) oror orange fur (B) alleles on their X Chromosomes- these will be expressed randomly
• Males have white fur; and one sex-linked gene for either black (b) or orange (B) fur
![Page 26: 7.1 Chromosomes and Phenotype Set up Cornell Notes on pg. 77 Topic: 7.1 Chromosomes and Phenotype: Autosomal Genetic Disorders Essential Questions: 1.Why.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062318/56649f2f5503460f94c4a189/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
7.1 Chromosomes and Phenotype
X X
X
Y
b b
B X X
B bX-chromosome inactivation
Black
![Page 27: 7.1 Chromosomes and Phenotype Set up Cornell Notes on pg. 77 Topic: 7.1 Chromosomes and Phenotype: Autosomal Genetic Disorders Essential Questions: 1.Why.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062318/56649f2f5503460f94c4a189/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
7.1 Chromosomes and Phenotype
X X
X
Y
b b
B X X
B bX-chromosome inactivation
Orange
![Page 28: 7.1 Chromosomes and Phenotype Set up Cornell Notes on pg. 77 Topic: 7.1 Chromosomes and Phenotype: Autosomal Genetic Disorders Essential Questions: 1.Why.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062318/56649f2f5503460f94c4a189/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
7.1 Chromosomes and Phenotype
X X
X
Y
b b
B X X X X
X Y X Y
B b bB
b b
![Page 29: 7.1 Chromosomes and Phenotype Set up Cornell Notes on pg. 77 Topic: 7.1 Chromosomes and Phenotype: Autosomal Genetic Disorders Essential Questions: 1.Why.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062318/56649f2f5503460f94c4a189/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
7.1 Chromosomes and Phenotype
Males only have one X chromosome so one color will be present (recessive OR dominant)
Female cats have two X chromosomes. •Each patch of fur can be different depending on which X chromosome “turns off”
![Page 30: 7.1 Chromosomes and Phenotype Set up Cornell Notes on pg. 77 Topic: 7.1 Chromosomes and Phenotype: Autosomal Genetic Disorders Essential Questions: 1.Why.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062318/56649f2f5503460f94c4a189/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
7.1 Chromosomes and Phenotype
X X
X
Y
B b
b X X X X
X Y X Y
B b bb
B b
Calico Black
![Page 31: 7.1 Chromosomes and Phenotype Set up Cornell Notes on pg. 77 Topic: 7.1 Chromosomes and Phenotype: Autosomal Genetic Disorders Essential Questions: 1.Why.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062318/56649f2f5503460f94c4a189/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
7.1 Chromosomes and Phenotype
• What are the chances of getting a black cat?• 50% black cats• What are the chances of getting an orange, male cat?• 25% orange male cat• What are the chances of a male cat being orange? • 50% male orange cat• What are the chances of a female being calico?• 50% female calico
Answer the questions about your cat cross:
![Page 32: 7.1 Chromosomes and Phenotype Set up Cornell Notes on pg. 77 Topic: 7.1 Chromosomes and Phenotype: Autosomal Genetic Disorders Essential Questions: 1.Why.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062318/56649f2f5503460f94c4a189/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
7.1 Chromosomes and Phenotype
Color blindness is a recessive sex-linked trait.
A normal man marries a woman who is a carrier for color blindness. Predict the heredity of their offspring. (Use “b” to show color blindness)
Phenotypes:
Male-______% colorblind______% Non-colorblind______% Carrier
Female-______% colorblind______% Non-colorblind______% Carrier
![Page 33: 7.1 Chromosomes and Phenotype Set up Cornell Notes on pg. 77 Topic: 7.1 Chromosomes and Phenotype: Autosomal Genetic Disorders Essential Questions: 1.Why.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062318/56649f2f5503460f94c4a189/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
7.1 Chromosomes and Phenotype
Color blindness is a recessive sex-linked trait.
A normal man marries a woman who is a carrier for color blindness. Predict the heredity of their offspring. (Use “b” to show color blindness)
Phenotypes:
Male- 50% Colorblind50% Non-CBNO CARRIERS
Female- 0% Colorblind50% Non-CB50% carrier
X X
X
Y
B b
BX X X X
X XY Y
B B
B
B b
b
![Page 34: 7.1 Chromosomes and Phenotype Set up Cornell Notes on pg. 77 Topic: 7.1 Chromosomes and Phenotype: Autosomal Genetic Disorders Essential Questions: 1.Why.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062318/56649f2f5503460f94c4a189/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
7.1 Chromosomes and Phenotype
A white-eyed male fly mates with a red eyed female fly to produce: 24 white-eyed males, 27 white-eyed females, 26 red-eyed males, and 23 red-eyed females. Can this trait be sex-linked? Prove your answer by completing 2 test crosses. (r=white eyes)
Phenotypes:
Male-____% Red eyes____%White eyes
Female-____% Red eyes____%White eyes
![Page 35: 7.1 Chromosomes and Phenotype Set up Cornell Notes on pg. 77 Topic: 7.1 Chromosomes and Phenotype: Autosomal Genetic Disorders Essential Questions: 1.Why.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062318/56649f2f5503460f94c4a189/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
7.1 Chromosomes and Phenotype
A white-eyed male fly mates with a red eyed female fly to produce: 24 white-eyed males, 27 white-eyed females, 26 red-eyed males, and 23 red-eyed females. Can this trait be sex-linked? Prove your answer by completing 2 test crosses. (r=white eyes)
Phenotypes:
Male- 100% Red eyes0% White eyes
Female- 100% Red Eyes0% White eyes
X X
X
Y
R R
rX X X X
X XY Y
R r
R
R r
R
White eyes is a recessive sex-linked trait.
![Page 36: 7.1 Chromosomes and Phenotype Set up Cornell Notes on pg. 77 Topic: 7.1 Chromosomes and Phenotype: Autosomal Genetic Disorders Essential Questions: 1.Why.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062318/56649f2f5503460f94c4a189/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
7.1 Chromosomes and Phenotype
White eyes is a recessive sex-linked trait.A white-eyed male mates with a red eyed female to produce: 24 white-eyed males, 27 white-eyed females, 26 red-eyed males, and 23 red-eyed females. Can this trait be sex-linked? Prove your answer by completing 1-2 test crosses. (r=white eyes)
Phenotypes:
Male- 50% Red eyes50% White eyes
Female- 50% Red Eyes50% White eyes
X X
X
Y
R r
rX X X X
X XY Y
R r
R
r r
r