PROFORMA FOR PREPARATION OF STATUS REPORT FOR PROPOSAL OF A NEW RESEARCH PROJECT

RPP I

Sub Project: HORTIIHRCIL2015 031 (6)

Optimisation of resource use for rose under protected and open conditions

Project Investigator

Dr. S. Sujatha

Co-Investigators

Dr. TejaswiniDr. G. R. Smitha

Collaborators

Dr. R. H. Laxman

Division of Floriculture and Medicinal CropsICAR-Indian Institute of Horticultural Research

Hessarghatta Lake (PO), Bengaluru

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ANNEXURE - I

INDIAN COUNCIL OF AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH

PROFORMA FOR PREPARATION OF STATUS REPORTFOR PROPOSAL OF A NEW RESEARCH PROJECT

1. Institute Name: ICAR-Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Bengaluru2. Title of the project: Optimisation of resource use for rose under protected and open

conditions3. Type of research project: Basic/Applied/Extension/Farmer Participatory/Other (specify)4. Genesis and rationale of the project

Rose (Rosa spp) occupies the top most position among cut flowers in national and international markets and is endowed with large spectrum of commercial potentialities in medicinal and industrial sectors. Roses (Rosa hybrida L.) are one of the most important commercial crops grown for a variety of purposes such as pot plant, garden plant and cut flower production. It is an important cut flower and accounts for 60-70% of total cut flower trade in the global market (Singh et al., 2001). The cultivated area under rose is around 26330 ha in India with a production of 91750 tonnes of loose flowers and 120.95 lakh numbers of cut flowers. The productivity level of rose (loose flower) is only 3.5 t/ha indicating a huge yield gap. The trend is similar in case of cut flower production. Rose is mainly grown under open conditions in India. In recent years, rose cultivation in poly houses became popular for export of quality flowers. Although the cut flowers are grown mainly for the export market under protected condition, their requirement is also on the rise in the domestic market as well. Arka Swadesh variety is released by ICAR-IIHR for cut flower purpose. Rose variety ‘Arka Swadesh’ that has shining foliage and flowers of attractive red colour with flower yield of about 145 flower stalks/m2/year, is released in 2011 by ICAR-IIHR for cut flower production. In 2016, two cut flower varieties Arka Ivory and Arka Pride were identified for release with yield level of 110 and 120 flower stalks /m2/yr.

Arka Parimala, which is released for open cultivation, has red-purple coloured fragrant flowers with a yield level of 5.5 to 6.0 lakh loose flowers/acre/year. It is also suitable for short stock cuttings and concrete. The available reports with respect to the requirement of various resources in case of commercial rose cultivars are divergent and most of the work is done for soil less culture and hydroponic culture of cut flowers in other countries. The ability of various rose rootstocks for improving the resource use in rose needs to be investigated. Understanding of nutrient and water requirement and their interactions in ornamental crops is essential to maintain the quality of cut flowers. However, the most of the available information on input requirement of rose is for soil less culture and protected conditions. The review of information indicates that the input requirement of rose plants vary with the type and fertility of soil, cultivar and age, and size and vigour of the plant. Its cultivation is very scientific and precise to optimize profit per unit of input investment. Thus, there is a need to optimise resource use for cut flower cultivars and to increase the profitability. With this background, the present study is initiated in rose for optimizing the use of critical resources like root stocks, land, water and nutrients.

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5. Knowledge/Technology gaps and justification for taking up the present project

The input requirement for IIHR rose varieties have not been standardized both under open protected conditions. Most of the work done on cut flower rose production under green house/protected conditions is done in soilless culture in other countries. The recommendations adopted for commercial varieties are being followed. This study helps to optimize the input requirement of rose and to find out resource use efficiency in open and protected conditions based on growth, yield and soil fertility. This study also helps to develop package of good agricultural practices for rose with the possibility of accruing increased net come.

6. Critical review of present status of the technology at national and international levels along with complete references

National and InternationalA number of factors are responsible for ensuring regular production of superior quality cut

flowers under protected environment and loose/cut flowers in open condition. Suitable climatological factors, varieties, optimum irrigation regime and nutrition, and bending are some of the important factors which govern the production of superior quality rose under protected conditions. Very meagre information is available on protected cultivation of cut roses in India. Rose growers are practicing varied spacing with different nutritional levels for different varieties. Despite it’s wide popularity, little attention has been given to input use and comprehensive production technology in rose. Hi-tech rose cultivation in protected condition is capital intensive with huge initial investment and high input use, but it performs better in terms of realization of returns and employment generation in comparison to traditional farms (Sivaramane et al., 2008).Water requirement:

Roses are considered as high water use plants, but little is known about their quantitative water use. Water stress at flowering stage is crucial for flowering crops and mild water stress reduces the growth (Androniki et al., 2010). The crop coefficient for roses is not known, but is thought to be 80% to 90% of reference evapotranspiration (ETo) (Karlik et al., 2003). The frequency and quantity of irrigation depends on soil texture and climate. The review by Raviva and Blom (2001) indicated that data regarding WUE of roses are relatively scarce and WUE varies between 1.7-2.8 g kg -1 in soil less cultivation under protected condition, grown in a recirculating nutrient solution. Nutrient requirement:

The nutritional recommendations for rose cultivation are scarce and divergent. Among nutrients, potassium is particularly important for rose cultivation, since it affects plant tolerance to infections, quality and provides longer postharvest life of the cut flowers. According to Horst (1989), nutrient deficiency in rose plants, particularly K, varies considerably, depending on the cultivar and growth medium used. The DRIS indices indicated that most yield limiting nutrients are potassium, nitrogen and zinc under open field cultivation of roses (Anjaneyulu, 2006). Rose follows cyclic

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nutrient uptake patterns induced by flower harvests (Takeda and Takahashi, 1998). Dry matter production and allocation to the different organs of rose flower shoots indicated strong decrease in growth rate of stem and leaves just after flower bud appearance (Gutierrez Colomer, 2006). This suggests the need for regular application of nutrients.

The differences in rootstock nutrient uptake and accumulation patterns, particularly in newer recirculating hydroponic production systems or under conditions of poor water quality, could significantly affect rose scion flower yield and thus deserve research attention (Cabrera, 2001).

The study by Cabrera (2002) highlighted significant differences in rose plant biomass allocation patterns (S/R ratios) and plant nutrient status as affected by rootstock selection and indicated the need for careful consideration of rootstocks under stressful soil, environmental and crop management conditions. The author further concluded that significant effect of rootstock selection on plant nutritional status also call for its consideration in the management of modern rose production systems.

The differences are noticed in nutrient uptake efficiency especially of K, Ca and Mg by different cultivars (Santos et al., 2007). Further, it is suggested that fertilization should be split as much as possible, provided that it is economically feasible. Application of NPK is found to increase number of flowers/plant, stalk length and number of flowers/shoot under poly house conditions. Response for application of Zn, Fe, and Cu is also reported in rose (Joshi et al. 2002). The nutrient removal by rose plants is higher under protected cultivation when compared to open cultivation due to removal of long stalks/stems frequently (Gurav et al. 2005). The multivariate technique revealed greater imbalance of Fe and Zn, followed by K under protected conditions and Ca, Mg, Fe and Zn under open conditions in rose (Anjaneyulu and Raghupathi, 2010).

At Pantnagar, integrated use of poultry manure 4 kg+ 25:20:15 g NPK/m2 +VAM is found better for plant growth and flower yield of rose in loose flower cultivar Gruss-en-Teplitz in open conditions (Singh et al., 2006). Singh (2007) reported that inorganic fertilizers alone (50:40:30 g/m 2) or integrated use of FYM (4 kg/m2)+remaining NPK through inorganic fertilizers are comparable in terms of flower number and diameter of flower in loose flower cv. Gruss-en-Teplitz in open conditions at Pantnagar. It is concluded that fertigation of nitrogen and phosphorus @ 300 ppm each applied at weekly intervals is found optimum for growth, development, high yield and longer vase life and the high concentration of nitrogen does not give further benefits (Singh et al., 2007). The K requirement is higher under protected conditions for rose (Rosa indica) cv. Passion (Waikar and Jadhav, 2012).

Foliar spray of 0.3 per cent ZnSO4 + 0.3 per cent MnSO4 + 0.3 per cent FeSO4 increases the flower yield and quality of flower (Jagtap et al., 2012). Rupali et al (2013) reported that the nutrient dose of 50:30:50 g NPK/m2 is required for maximum number of flowers in rose under protected cultivation. The study by Vasudevan and Kannan (2014) clearly indicated that plant growth parameters, yield and quality of flowers are superior at higher nutrient dose @ 208:104:104 g NPK/m2/year + foliar application of 0.5% EDTA+ soil and foliar application of B. megaterium and B. amyloliqufaciens each@ 10 ml/m2) for the var. Tajmahal under poly house cultivation.

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References:

1. Androniki Bollaa, Demetrios V, Magdalene Koukourikou-Petridou, Dora Chimonidou. 2010. Photosynthetic parameters and cut-flower yield of rose ‘Eurored’ (H.T.) are adversely affected by mild water stress irrespective of substrate composition. Scientia Horticulturae 126: 390-394.

2. Anjaneyulu K and Raghupathi HB. 2010. Multivariate diagnosis of nutrient imbalance in rose grown under open and protected conditions using CND and PCA. Indian J Agric Sci. 80(12): 1058-1061.

3. Anjaneyulu K. 2006. Diagnosis and recommendation integrated system (DRIS) ratio norms and identification of yield limiting nutrients in rose grown under open field conditions. J. Ornamental Horticulture 9(1):12-15.

4. Cabrera RI. 2002. Rose yield, dry matter partitioning and nutrient status responses to rootstock selection. Scientia Horticulturae 95:75-83.

5. Cabrera RI. 2001. Effect of NaCl-salinity and nitrogen fertilizer form on yield and tissue nutrient status of roses. Acta Horticulturae 547, 255–260.

6. Gurav SB, Singh BR, Katwate SM, Sable RN, Kakade DS and Dhane AV. 2005. Influence of N, P and K on yield and quality in rose under polyhouse conditions. J Ornamental Hortic 8(3):228-9.

7. Gutierrez Colomer RP, Gonzalez-Real MM and Baille A. 2006. Dry matter production and partitioning in rose (Rosa hybrida) flower shoots. Scientia Horticulturae 107:284-291.

8. Horst RK. 1989. Compendium of rose diseases. The American Phytopathological Society: Minnesota, USA, 50p.

9. Jagtap HD ,  Golliwar VJ and  Thakre SA . 2012. Effect of foliar application of micronutrients on growth and flowering of rose under polyhouse conditions. Asian J Hortic 7 (1): 25-27  

10. Joshi KI, Parekh NS, Jadav RG and Kikani KP. 2002. Influence of micronutrients spray on growth and yield of Deshi red rose (Rosa damascena). The Indian annual XVIII, pp 91 – 95. All India Rose Convention, Indian rose federation, Jabalpur.

11. Karlik JF, Becker JO, Pemberton HB and Schuch UK. 2003. Field Rose Production. In: AV Roberts, T Debener and S Gudin (eds.), Encyclopaedia of Rose Science 2:580-587.

12. Raviv M, Medina Sh, Shamir Y, Gil’ad Sh, Duvdevani O, Shor Y and Schayer R. 1993. Clonal variability among Rosa indica rootstocks: morphology, horticultural traits and productivity of scions. Scientia Horticulturae 53: 141–148

13. Raviva M and Blom TJ. 2001. The effect of water availability and quality on photosynthesis and productivity of soilless-grown cut roses: Review. Scientia Horticulturae 88: 257-276

14. Rupali S, Singh R, Bhardwaj S and Singh A. 2013.  Optimization of NPK doses in rose cv. super star under protected conditions. Annals Biol 29(2): 217-220.

15. Santos JM, Barbosa JG, Martinez HEP, Grossi JAS, Cecon PR, Rodrigues HP and Finger FL. 2007. Nutrient Content in Soil Grown Roses Affected by Drip Irrigated Potassium Doses. Proc. IV IS on Rose Research and Cultivation. HB Pemberton (ed) Acta Hortic (ISHS) 751: 93-98.

16. Singh AK, Deepti Singh and Shiva Jauhari. 2006. Response of manures and bio-fertilizers on growth and flowering in rose. J Ornamental Hortic 9(4):278-281.

17. Singh AK. 2007. Response of integrated nutrient management on growth and flowering attributes in rose. J Ornamental Hortic 10(1): 58-60.

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18. Singh G, Kumar R, Sidhu GS and Aulakh MS. 2007. Effect of nutrition through fertigation on growth, flower production and nutrient status of leaves in rose. Indian J Ecology 34(1):34-35.

19. Takeda T and Takahashi K. 1998. Seasonal changes of macro-element absorption in solution cultured roses. J Japanese Soc Hortic Sci 67: 116–122

20. Vasudevan V and  Kannan M . 2014. Effect of fertigation, micronutrients and Bacillus sp for maximizing the yield, quality and disease management of rose (Rosa hybrida var. Tajmahal) under greenhouse conditions. Trends in Biosci 7(13): 1500-1503.

21. Waikar AU and  Jadhav SB . 2012. Response of different potassium fertilizer levels through fertigation on rose (Rosa indica) cv. passion under protected cultivation. Int J Agric Engineering 5 (1): 12-15.

7. Brief note on Proprietary/Patent Perspective (for projects related to technology development)/Ethics/Animal Welfare/Bio Safety Issues

8. (a) Expected output

Optimum input requirement for rose under protected and open conditions

Use efficiency of critical resources like land, water and nutrients.

Reduction in production cost

(b) Clientele/Stake holders (including economic and socio aspects)i. Rose growers and researchers

9. Signatures

Project Leader Co-PI I Co-PI II

(Dr. S. Sujatha) (Dr. Tejaswini) (Dr. G. R. Smitha)

Collaborator 1

(Dr R. H. Laxman)

10. Comments and signature

[Head of Division]

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ANNEXURE- II

INDIAN COUNCIL OF AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH

RESEARCH PROJECT PROPOSAL PROFORMA FOR INITIATION OF A RESEARCH PROJECT (RPP - I)

1. Institute Project Code (to be provided by PME Cell)

2. Project Title: Optimisation of resource use for rose under protected and open

conditions

3. Key words: Rose, varieties, nutrition, plant density, irrigation, poly house

4. (a) Name of the Lead Institute: ICAR-Indian Institute of Horticultural Research

(b) Name of Division/ Regional Centre / Section: Ornamental Crops

5. (a) Name of the Collaborating Institute(s):

(b) Name of Division/ Regional Centre/ Section of Collaborating Institute(s)

6. Project Team Name(s) and designation of PI, CC-PI and all project Co-PIs, with time proposed to be spent)

S.No

Name, designation and institute

Status in the project (PI/Co-PI)

Time to be spent (%)

Work components to be assigned to individual scientist

1 Dr. S.SujathaPrincipal Scientist, Division of Floriculture and Medicinal crops, ICAR-IIHR

PI 55% Laying out of experiment 2,treatment imposition, collection of soil and leaf samples, general maintenance and recording observations in exp. 1 and 2. Nutrient analysis of soil and plant samples

2 Dr .TejaswiniPrincipal Scientist, Division of Floriculture and Medicinal crops, ICAR-IIHR

Co-PI 10% Recording flower attributes in Exp. 1

3 Dr G R Smitha, Scientist (Sr. Scale),Division of Floriculture and Medicinal crops, ICAR-IIHR

Co-PI 10% Seasonal variations in growth and flower quality parameters in Exp.2

4 Dr. R. H. LaxmanPrincipal Scientist,Division of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, ICAR-IIHR

Collaborator 10% Recording of physiological parameters at regular intervals

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7. Priority Area to which the project belongs

(If not already in the priority area, give justification)

8. Project Duration: Date of Start: April, 2017; Likely Date of Completion: March, 2020

9. (a) Objectives

1. To assess the influence of root stocks and nutrition on growth and yield of cut flower rose

(cv. Arka Swadesh) in protected condition

2. To quantify the optimum resource requirement for cut flower rose based on yield and soil

and leaf nutrient status in protected condition

3. To assess the possibility of cut flower production in open condition in comparison to loose flower production and standardise the input use for optimum yields

(b) Practical utility

Optimisation of resource use results in development of package of good agricultural practices, increased yield and income per unit area, and reduction in input cost.

10. Activities and outputs details

Objective wise Activity Month & year Output moniterable targets

% to be carried out in different

years

Scientist responsible

Start Completion

1 2 3

Influence of root stocks and nutrition on growth and yield of Arka Swadesh variety

Recording growth, yield and physiological observationsNutrient analysis of soil and leaf samples

April,2017

Mar.,2020

Growth, yield parameters, resource use efficiency

30 45 25 Dr. S. SujathaDr. TejaswiniDr. R.H.Laxman

Optimisation of input use

Standardisation of input requirement based on yield and physiological parameters, soil fertility status and nutrient uptake pattern

April,2017

Mar., 2020

Optimum nutrient, water and plant density levels, disease/pest incidence

20 40 40 Dr. S. SujathaDr. TejaswiniDr. R.H.LaxmanDr. G R Smitha

Quantification of resource use efficiency

Quantification of use efficiency of inputs, land

April,2017

Mar., 2020

Efficiency of root stock, nutrients, water and land

30 30 40 Dr. S. SujathaDr. R.H.Laxman

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11. Technical Programme (brief)

Experimental Duration : April, 2017 – March, 2020

Experiment 1: Root stock and nutrient accumulation pattern in above ground biomass

Variety: Arka Swadesh (One year old plants); Spacing 30 cm x 25 cm in triangular pattern

Design: Factorial RBD (3 x 2); Replications: 6 (6 plants per treatment)

Factorial set 1: Three root stocks (R. multiflora, Nishkant and Natal Briar)

Factorial set 2: Two nutrition levels

1. 50:15:60 g NPK/m2 in 24 splits + FYM @ 2 kg/m2

2. 60:20:70 g NPK/m2 in 24 splits + FYM @ 2 kg/m2

Need based application of 1% micronutrients in all treatments

Experiment 2: Resource use of cut and loose flower rose cultivars

Open field Poly houseDesign: Split- plot Cut flower (Arka Swadesh) - Replications 5 (6 plants per each treatment)Loose/short stalked cut flower (Arka Parimala) Replications 7 (4 plants per each treatment)

Design: Strip-split plot Replications: 3 (6 plants per each treatment)Main plots (Spacing)

1. 40 cm x 20 cm 2. 45 cm x 15 cm

Main plots (Irrigation levels)1. 0.75 Ep2. 1.0 Ep

Sub plots (Varieties)1. Arka Swadesh 2. Arka Ivory 3. Arka Pride

Sub -plots (Nutrition levels)1. 50:15:60 g NPK/ m2 or plant in 12 splits +

FYM (2 kg/plant) 2. 60:20:70 g NPK/ m2 or plant in 12 splits+

FYM (2 kg/plant) 3. 70:25:80 g NPK/plant or m2 in 12 splits+

FYM (2 kg/plant)

Need based application of micronutrients and NK (5% of NK) as spray and Arka Microbial Consortia @ 2 g/ m2 or plant to all treatments

Sub-sub plots (Nutrition levels)1. 40:10:50 g NPK/m2 in 24 splits + FYM (2

kg/m2) 2. 50:15:60 g NPK/m2 in 24 splits + FYM (2

kg/m2) 3. 60:20:70 g NPK/m2 in 24 splits + FYM (2

kg/m2)4. 50:15:60 g NPK/m2 in 24 splits in first yr +

NPK application based on soil test and yield level from 2nd yr + FYM (2 kg/m2)

Need based application of micronutrients and Arka Microbial Consortia @ 2 g/m2 to all treatments

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Observations:

1. Growth parameters viz., plant height, plant spread, number of primary branches, girth etc.

2. Flower quality attributes viz., number of flowers per plant, total flower yield per plant, stalk length of flowers, size of flowers, vase life of flowers

3. Seasonal variations in growth and flower quality parameters

4. Physiological parameters like leaf area and photosynthetic parameters

5. Soil fertility and leaf nutrient analysis at regular intervals

6. Quantification of use efficiency of resources like nutrients, land, water etc. in open and protected conditions

(a) Instrumentation - Nil(b) Special material- Nil(c) Analytical tools: Nil

12. Financial Implications (` in Lakhs)

(A) Financed by the institute

12.1 Manpower (Salaries / Wages)

S. No. Staff Category Man months Cost (Rs. in lakhs)

1. Scientific 24 40.002. Technical 6 2.00

Total 33 42.00

12.2 Research/Recurring Contingency (Rs. in lakhs)S. No.

Item Year (1) Year (2) Year (3) Total

1. Consumables 1.00 0.25 0.25 1.5013. Travel14. Miscellaneous

(Other costs)1.00 0.25 0.25 1.50

15. Total(Recurring) 2.0 0.5 0.5 3.0

Justification:

12.3 Non-recurring (Equipment):

12.4 Any Other Special Facility required (including cost)

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12.5 Grand Total (12.1 to 12.4) (Rs. in lakhs)

Item Year (1) Year (2) Year (3) Total

Grand Total 16.0 14.5 14.5 45.0

(B) Financed by an organization other than the Institute (if applicable) -(i) Name of Financing Organization- NA(ii) Total Budget of the Project: NA(iii) Budget details: NA

1. Expected Output Optimum input requirement for rose under protected and open conditions

Quantification of use efficiency of critical resources like land, water and nutrients.

Reduction in production cost due to efficient resource use.

16. Expected Benefits in Economic Terms

Reduction in input cost and increased income per unit area

17. Risk Analysis

Nil

18. Signature

Project Leader Co-PI Co-PI

(Dr. S. Sujatha) (Dr. Tejaswini) (Dr. G. R. Smitha)

Collaborator 1

(Dr R. H. Laxman)

19. Signature of HoD

20. Signature of JD (R)/ Director

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ANNEXURE - III

INDIAN COUNCIL OF AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH

CHECKLIST FOR SUBMISSION OF RPP-I

1. Project Title: Optimisation of resource use for rose under open and protected conditions

2. Date of Start & Duration: April, 2017 and 3 years (April, 2017 – March, 2020)

3. Institute Project: YES or Externally Funded

4. Estimated Cost of the Project : Rs. 45.0 Lakhs

5. Project Presented in the Divisional/Institutional Seminar? Divisional meeting and 87th IRC

6. Have suggested modifications incorporated? -

7. Status Report enclosed -

8. Details of work load of investigators in approved ongoing projects:

Project Leader Co-PI – I Co-PI – IIProj.Cod

e

% Time spent

Date of

start

Date of complet

ion

Proj.Code

% Time spent

Date of

start

Date ofcompletion

Proj.Code

% Time spent

Date of start

Date ofcompletio

n50 April

2017March 2020

10 April 2017

March 2020

10 Nov. 2017

March 2020

Collaborator -1

Proj.Code.

% Time spent

Date of start

Date of compl-etion

10 April 2017

March, 2020

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9. Work Plan/Activity Chart enclosed Yes

10. Included in Institute Plan Activity Yes

11. Any previous Institute/Adhoc/Foreign aided projects on similar lines? No

12. New equipment required for the project No

13. Funds available for new equipment No

14. Signatures

Project Leader Co-PI Co-PI

(Dr. S. Sujatha) (Dr. Tejaswini) (Dr. G. R. Smitha)

Collaborator 1

(Dr R. H. Laxman)

HOD/PD/I/c

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ANNEXURE - IV

INDIAN COUNCIL OF AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH

APPRAISAL BY THE PME CELL OF RPP-I

(Refer for Guidelines ANNEXURE-XI (D))

1. Institute Name

2. Project Title

3. On scale 1-10 give score to (a) to (j)

(a) Relevance of research questions

(b) Addressing priority of the institute and/or National priority

(c) New innovativeness expected in the study

(d) Appropriateness of design/techniques for the questions to be answered

(e) Elements of bias addressed in the study

(f) Adequacy of scientist(s) time allocation

(g) Extent of system review and meta analysis

(h) Effective control to experiments

(i) Economic evaluation and cost efficiency analysis

(j) How appropriately the expected output answers the questions being addressed in the specific subject matter/area (Basic/Applied/Translational/Others)?

*Total Score out of 100

* The score obtained is suggestive of the overall quality ranking of the project

4. Was there any other project carried in the past in the same area/topic?

Yes No

If yes, list the project numbers.

5. Signature of PME Cell In-charge

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RPPI1. Project Title: Optimisation of resource use for rose under

protected and open conditions

Principal Investigator

Dr. S. SujathaPrincipal Scientist,

Division of Floriculture and Medicinal crops, ICAR-IIHR

Co-PI-I Dr. Tejaswini

Principal Scientist, Division of Floriculture and Medicinal crops,

ICAR-IIHR

Co PI - IIDr. G. R. Smitha

Scientist (Sr. Scale) Division of Floriculture and Medicinal crops,

ICAR-IIHR

Collaborator-IDr. R.H.LaxmanPricipal Scientist

Divison of Plant Physiology and BiochemistryICAR-IIHR, Bengaluru