NEWSLETTER 6_EN.pdfHoang Nhat Son Mai Van Tai Chu Chi Thiet Tran Anh Tuan Secretary Hoang Thu Thuy...

NEWSLETTER

RESEARCH INSTITUTE FOR AQUACULTURE No.1

Address: Dinhbang, Tuson, Bacninh, Vietnam

Phone: +84 3 827 3069; Fax: +84 3 827 3070

Email: [email protected]; website: www.ria1.org

RIA1 joined in the emergency national program to control the spread of an acute

hepatopancreatic necrosis syndrome (AHPNS) affecting shrimps

Some biological characteristics and maintaining technique for super small size

Rotifer Proales similis

Effects of feed and stocking density on growth and survival rate of Nile tilapia

fingerlings overwinter

Aquaculture technical support activities in the Republic of Rwanda, central Africa

ISSN 1859-4174

Issue 6

Apr - June 2012

mailto:[email protected]

http://www.ria1.org/

2 RIA1’s Newsletter. Issue 6 (Apr - Jun 2012)

Printing license number: 37/GP-XBBT, 25 April 2011, Authority of Press, Ministry of Information and Communications

This document is copyrighted by Research Institute for Aquaculture No.1

No reproduce at any mean without agreement of Research Institute for Aquaculture No.1

In This Issue

Editor-in-Chief’s letter 4

News 5

Effects of feed and stocking density on growth and survival rate of Nile tilapia fingerlings overwinter 8

Some biological characteristics and maintaining technique for super small size Rotifer Proales similis 9

Study on inducing the artificial spawning of Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus 11

Research results of some common pathogens in hard clam Meretrix sp. in Hai Phong 12

The visiting of Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA) to RIA1 14

Thesis defense ceremony for Master of Science in Aquaculture batch 19 14

The visiting of Uzbeks businessmen to RIA1 15

Program for filming team on Norwegian ODA in Vietnam 15

Study tour programme for Namibian delegates 16

The achievements of Building Bivalve Hatchery Production Capacity in Vietnam and Australia Project (FIS 2005/114) 17

Aquaculture technical support activities in the Republic of Rwanda, central Africa 21

EDITORIAL BOARD

Editor-in-Chief

Phan Thi Van

Deputy Editor

Nguyen Huu Ninh

Editorial members

Nguyen Huu Nghia

Vu Thi Ngoc Lien

Tran Thi Kim Chi

Nguyen Thi Thu Hien

Nguyen Thi Dieu Phuong

Hoang Nhat Son

Mai Van Tai

Chu Chi Thiet

Tran Anh Tuan

Secretary

Hoang Thu Thuy

Editor of this English issue

Milan Van der Velden

Cover page’s photo:

RIA1’s experts and staffs in the

Republic of Rwanda

Taken by: Bui The Anh


Editor-in-Chief’s letter

Dear readers,

The first half of 2012 has

passed, this is the time we

review the achievements for

the last 6 months and

identify the constraints for

better implementation in the

coming time.

The institute has implemented its research projects

according to work plan. Some primarily successful

results are reported in this issue. Especially, in the

last second quarter, RIA1 has together with other

related organizations under Ministry of Agriculture

and Rural Development have actively participated

the important task to control the spread of an acute

hepatopancreatic necrosis syndrome (AHPNS) in

cultured shrimps. RIA1’s organization and human

resources have been reviewed and re-arranged

following the Government’s regulations in order to

serve better its research and related activities. RIA1

continues international collaboration activities as one

of its strengths, with Africa, Central and Southern

Asia. Also, the aquaculture MSc batches 19th and

20th under education cooperation between RIA1 and

Hanoi Agriculture University have successfully

defended theses and thesis proposals respectively.

The achievement have been gained in the first 6

months are solid base for RIA1 to successfully

implement the 2012 plan and open new development

prospects.

Respectfully,

Phan Thi Van

Editor in Chief

RIA1’s Newsletter. Issue 6 (Apr - Jun 2012) 5

News

Military training for RIA1’s officers in

2012

Tran Van Chi

In May 2012, staffs of RIA1, Fisheries College (FC)

and Vietnam Refractory Factory took part in a

military training course during two weeks. The

opening ceremony was held at FC, Mr. Nguyen Van

Ly, the Vice Rector of the College had the opening

speech. On behalf of the FC’s Military Board, Mr.

Nguyen Anh Xuan announced the regulations of time

and training schedule of the Military Board of Tu Son

town.

Next, staffs joined in the Political - Law education

program with contents such as i) Regimes and

policies on national defence and army rear; ii) Basic

problems about national policies, religion of the

Communist Party and Government; iii) Conspiracies

against peace, riot of the enemies; iv) Some

documents on policy and Militia’s Law. In the end of

program, staffs had a writing test for contents

above.

In the following days, staffs were trained directly by

commanders from Military Board of Tu Son town at

training sites. In the last day, each platoon made the

propaganda mission itself.

The training course on military was successfully

completed. All staffs took part in the program, they

complied with regulations. The results of writing and

firing test were good. Translated by Hoang Thuy

Volleyball tournament celebrating Uncle

Ho’s birthday

Minh Hau

On the occasion of the 122th birthday of President Ho

Chi Minh, in May 18th 2012, the volleyball tournament

was organized by RIA1’s Communist Party, Trade

Union, Directorate Board and Youth Union. There

were Departments and Centres taking part in the

tournament.

The match was between Applied Biology Dept. and

Genetics & Selection Dept. with CEDMA &

Aquaculture Engineering and Technology Transfer

Centre. Although this was a small tournament, every

player tried his best and dedicated nice attacks.

Finally, the result was 2:2, to satisfy both teams.

The tournament created a healthy atmosphere and

enhanced the solidarity between RIA1’s staffs.

Translated by Hoang Thuy

Training in drill-ground. Photo Minh Hậu


News

RIA1 celebrated International Children’s

day for the children of its staff

Minh Hau

In order to encourage young children of RIA1’s staff,

in the evening of May 31st 2012, the Trade Union and

Youth of RIA1 celebrated a party on occasion of the

International Children’s day (1st June)

At the party, the children joined in interesting games

and received nice toys. The party created a cozy and

fun atsmosphere, impressing the attendants through

lively games.

On behalf of the Organizing Board, Ms. Nguyen Thi

Thieu Anh - President of Trade Union gave the

reward to the excellent and good children in 2011 -

2012 school year.

By giving meaningful gifts and greetings, RIA1’s staff

wishes to bring the young children a fun time and

motivation to learn. Translated by Hoang Thuy

RIA1 joined in the emergency national

program to control the spread of an acute

hepatopancreatic necrosis syndrome

(AHPNS) affecting shrimps

Dang Thi Lua

Acute Hepatopancreatic Necrosis Syndrome

(AHPNS) has been reported in shrimp farms in some

Asian countries such as China, Malaysia, Thailand

and Vietnam. In Vietnam, the AHPNS has caused

massive death of cultured shrimp in the shrimp

farming areas. In 2011, the outbreak occurred within

a small shrimp farming area, concentrated mainly in

the south of Vietnam. By the year 2012, it has

occurred throughout the country, including the south

(Soc Trang, Bac Lieu, Tra Vinh, Kien Giang, Ben Tre

and Ca Mau provinces), the north (Hai Phong, Nghe

Performing a dance. Photo Minh Hau

Funny games for children. Photo Minh Hau


News

An and Quang Ninh provinces) and in the central

parts of Vietnam (Phu Yen and Khanh Hoa

provinces).

The shrimp disease outbreak usually occurs in black

tiger shrimp (Penaeus monodon) and white-leg

shrimp (P. vannanmei) from 10 to 45 days after

stocking. Diseased shrimp showed the following

clinical signs: shell-soft, body colour changes, soft

hepatopancreas, swollen or shrivelled

hepatopancreas and acute necrosis on

hepatopancreas structure. So far, causative agents

of the disease outbreaks have not been determined.

Because of the urgency and seriousness of the

shrimp disease outbreaks, the minister of the

ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development

(MARD) has formally decided to establish the

Steering Committee on the prevention of shrimp

disease outbreaks (Decision no.1254/QĐ-BNN-

TCTS) and gives directions for the implementation

of the national program on AHPNS (Directions

no.1862/CT-BNN-TCTS). An urgent task "Research

on acute hepatopancreas necrosis syndrome

(AHPNS) of shrimp and precaution” is presided over

by Directorate of Fisheries (D-Fish) and performed in

cooperation with organizations such as the

Department of Animal Heath (DAH), Research

Institute for Aquaculture No I, II, III (RIAs), Can Tho

University (CTU), Institute of Biotechnology (IBT),

Institute of Agricultural Environment (IAE) and the

Institute of Oceanography (IO). The urgent task

started at the end of May 2012 and is planned to

finish at the end of this year.

In order to implement the national emergency

program to control the AHPNS affecting shrimps, the

Board of directors of RIA 1 has formally requested

the Institute to focus manpower and facilities for

involving in the national emergency program. At the

moment, there are at least 3 centres and sub-

institutes involved in the program, including Centre

for Environment and Disease Monitoring in

Aquaculture (CEDMA), the sub-institute for

Aquaculture Research in North Central (located in

Cua Lo, Nghe An province) and the National

Broodstock Centre for Mariculture species (located in

Quy Kim, Hai Phong province).


Science and Technology

Effects of feed and stocking density on

growth and survival rate of Nile tilapia

fingerlings overwinter

Ngo Phu Thoa, Milan Van der Velden, Lennart

Teunissen

Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) is a high

economic value species for aquaculture. Total

products and culture areas have been increasing

rapidly over the last decade. In Northern Vietnam,

the demand for all male Nile tilapia fingerlings

estimated of over 300 millions/year. The demand

for fingerlings is usually highest at the beginning

of culture season (March - April). However, the

breeding season of Nile Tilapia in Northern

Vietnam starts in April to June. Hence, there is a

gap between the supply and the demand of

farmers for tilapia fingerlings during period from

March to April. This gap is now fulfilled by tilapia

fingerlings imported from abroad, mainly China,

Taiwan and The Philippines and transported from

Southern provinces. Those fingerlings were not

always checked the quarantine and varies in

quality. From 2011 to 2013, a project entitled

“Study on produce all male tilapia under winter

condition in the North of Vietnam” has been

implementing and sponsored by Ministry of

Agriculture and Rural development. The research

program aimed to meet the demand of tilapia of

famers in the North of Vietnam. Research on

over-wintering process for Nile tilapia is one

among three main activities.

From stocking size of 21 days tilapia 0.83±0.02g/fish

which produced in the autumn season, the

experiment were designated to test three densities

(30, 40 and 50 fish/m2) and three levels of protein

(30, 35 and 40%) on tilapia culture under winter

conditions. The earthen ponds were cover by nylon

and well’s water pump from 2 am to 8 am every day.

The treatments were designed by Completely

Randomized Design with three replicate.

Environmental parameters (DO, temperature and

pH) were measured every day (8 am and 2pm).

Growth performance was measured every month

and survival rate was calculated at the end of the

experiment then analysed by SPSS software version

17.0.

During the experiment, water temperature in the

treatment ponds was range from 170C to 27.50C

(while the water temperature in normal ponds

fluctuated from 150C to 230C); DO: 3.3 - 5.5 mg/l and

pH from 7.6 to 8.1.

Sampling tilapia over winter. Photo Ngo Phu Thoa



Table 1: Growth performance and survival rate of Nile tilapia fingerling culture with different stocking density under winter conditions

After four months study, the result showed that

growth performance of tilapia in the experiments was

not affected by stocking density. The different on

growth performance of tilapia between treatments

were not significant differences (P>0.05). However,

in term of survival rate there was a significant

difference between treatments (P<0.05). The survival

rate was lowest when Tilapia was cultured with

density of 50 fish/m2 (82.40± 0.45%), while at the

stocking density of 40 and 30fish/m2 the survival rate

was 84.34±0.72% and 85.20±0.52%, respectively.

There was a significant difference in survival rate of

Nile tilapia between treatment of 50 fish/m2 and 40

and 30fish/m2 (P<0.05). However, there was no

significant difference in survival rate of tilapia

cultured at density of 40 and 30 fish/m2 (P>0.05).

Table 2: Growth performance and survival rate of Nile tilapia fingerling feed with different lever of protein under winter conditions

Protein levels Parameters

30% protein

35% protein

40% protein

Average stocking size (g/fish)

0.83±0.021 0.83±0.02

1 0.83±0.02

1

Average harvesting size (g/fish)

3.29±0.161 3.39±0.29

1 3.67±0.09

1

Survival rate (%) 75.37±0.611 85.96± 2.62

2 87.80±1.39

2

Data in the same row having different superscript letters (1,2,3…) are significantly different at α level of 0.05

Similarly, the results indicated that survival rate of

Nile Tilapia overwinter was effected by different

protein levels feeding. Survival rate of tilapia fed 30%

of protein feed was the lowest (75.37±0.61%). On

the other hand, survival rate of tilapia fed 35 and

40% of protein feeds was 85.96± 2.62% and

87.80±1.39%, respectively. There was a significant

difference in survival rate of Nile tilapia between

treatment of 30% protein and 35% and 40% protein

(P<0.05).

Under conditions of this experiment, the stocking

density of 40 fish/m2 and feed contain 35% protein is

suitable for Nile tilapia during overwintering. This

study indicated that overwintering of Tilapia is a good

strategy to supply the fingerlings at early growing out

season in the North of Viet Nam to meet the demand

of the fish farmers. Reviewed by Dr. Nguyen Van

Tien

Some biological characteristics and

maintaining technique for super small

size Rotifer Proales similis

Dinh Thi Hanh

The rotifer, Proales similis belongs to family

Proalidae, phylum Rotifera and is considered as a

super small size rotifer. It has lot of advantages and

potential for rearing small mouth marine fish larvae in

fish propagation. In 2010, Prof. Atshushi Hagiwara

brought the species to the National Broodstock

Centre for Mariculture Species (NBCMS). After

spending lots of time for adaptation and exploration

biological characteristics of P. similis, the centre has

achieved some results and utilized initially this

species as a livefood for marine fish larvae

production. This paper presents some results

biological and ecological characteristic and

Stocking density Parameters

30 fish/m2 40 fish/m

2 50 fish/m

2

Average stocking size (g/fish)

0.83±0.02a 0.83±0.02

a 0.83±0.02

a

Average harvesting size (g/fish)

4.04±0.63a 4.23±0.35

a 3.79±0.38

a

Survival rate (%) 85.20±0.52a 84.34±0.72

a 82.40± 0.45

b

Data in the same row having different superscript letters (a, b, c…) are significantly different at α level of 0.05



purebreds maintaining technique of P. similis at

NBCMS in order to develop and widen the species

as a potential livefood for fish larvae production in

the future.

P. similis has a small body size with the length of 70

- 90µm and wide of 40 - 60 µm; and is 70% smaller

than rotifer, B. rotundiformis size. Body shape is

cylinder, elongate and transparent. The body is

slightly dilated. P. similis has red spot eyes, foot and

toes. Stomach and intestine is not clearly separated.

P. similis is eurhyhaline species and can adapt with

salinities ranged from 5‰ to 40‰. When salinity

exceeds 30‰, P. similis density increases slowly. P.

similis can grow well in salinities ranged from 5 to

30‰ if they are adapted to new salinity environment.

When the salinity difference between stocking and

cultured environments is from 5 - 7‰, the P. similis

density declines very quickly after stocked to new

cultured environment. P. similis can adapt with

temperatures ranged from 18 - 340C. The optimum

temperature for P. similis biomass culture is 26 -

300C. If temperature is over 300C, P. similis

population declines after 3 - 5 days culture. Its

density increases slowly at the temperature between

22 and 240C.When temperature drops below 200C,

there is no increase in P. similis density.

The main food of P similis is microalgae. But there

are a lot of different food utilizations of P. similis

compared to other rotifers. Four feeding treatments

of Nanochloropsis oculata, Isochrysis galbana, yeast

and combination food of microalgae (N. oculata and

I. galbana) and yeast were carried out in the

experiment with P. similis starting density of 500

ind./ml. The result showed P. similis density did not

increase and decline dramatically after two day

experiments when P. similis were given the yeast.

When P. similis were fed the combination food, they

reached the highest density of 746 ind./ml after 4

cultured days. The highest densities were 1856 and

2357 ind./ml after 7 - 8 cultured days when P. similis

were given N.oculata and I. galbana microalgae,

respectively.

P. similis purebreds maintaining technique is carried

out in glass flasks with volumes ranged from 100 –

500ml and each flask is covered by a cotton cap and

shaken lightly once a day during purebreds

maintenance. The starting density is about 100

ind/ml. P. similis are fed N.oculata microalgae which

are kept at the density of 2.106cells/ml during

maintaining. Salinity is about 22 - 23‰ and

temperature varies between 22 and 240C.

Conducting the renewal of purebreds is after 10 - 12

days of culture or in the case cultured volume is full.

When the culture volume is full, one third of

maintaining volume is converted to a new flask. With

some above study results, NBCMS has maintained

pure P. similis and used initially the species for mass

culture and marine fish larvae production. Reviewed

by Dr. Le Van Khoi

P. similis purebreds maintaining. Photo Dinh Thi Hanh



Study on inducing the artificial spawning

of Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus

Pham Hong Nhat, Ngo Phu Thoa, Nguyen Van Dai

Tilapia has been one of the most important species

for aquaculture in Viet Nam. Polyploidy of Tilapia is

known as a great solution to control the number of

tilapia in the cultured pond. Inducing artificial

spawning is one of the most important step affected

to create polyploidy.. Some

studies showed that HCG,

RLH-A and DOM can be

used for induced spawning in

Tilapia. However, there is

litte study on using hormones

for artificial spawning of

Tilapia in Vietnam. Hence,

the aim of this study is to

investigate the suitable

hormone and dosage for

inducing the artificial

spawning of Tilapia. From

April to June, 2012, tilapia broodstocks (size 500-

800g/fish) were cultured for maturation and spawning

in Genetics and Selection Department, RIA1.

Different treatments of dosages and hormones (HCG

and a combination of LRH-A and DOM)

for breeding were used in this study:

HCG hormone with 03 dosages: 2500IU,

3000IU and 3500IU kg-1 female ;and

combination of LRH-A and DOM with 02

dosages: LRH-A 30mg + DOM 10mg

kg-1 female and LRH-A 45 mg + DOM

15mg) kg-1 female.

In the treatments using HCG hormone,

the tilapia females were injected only one time and

males were received one third of the female’s dose.

With the combination of LRH-A and DOM hormones,

the fish were given two injections. In the initial

injection, the fish were given one fourth of the total

dose and done before 6 hours of the final injection.

Dose of tilapia males was one third of female’s dose

and the fish were injected at the same time as the

final dose in the female’s injection.

Spawning rate and effected time of each treatment

were recorded.

Hormones injection Collecting tilapia eggs for fertilization Photo: Pham Hong Nhat

Table: Spawning rate and effected time of tilapia induced artificially spawning by different hormones and doses

Dosage (kg

-1 female)

Spawning rate (%)

Effected time (h)

Average Start End

2500IU 23.33 ± 4.40b 33.67 32 36

3000 IU 61.11 ± 3.36a 27.89 25 31

3500IU 65.56 ± 4.98a 18.44 17 20

30mg LRH-A + 10mg DOM 12.22 ± 4.65b 32.11 31 34

45mg LRH-A + 15mg DOM 7.78 ± 2.61b 33.44 32 35



Using HCG hormone with the dose of 3500IU/kg of

body weight showed good results in term of spawing

rate and effected time. The fastest effected time from

17 hours to 20 hours after hormonal induction

(average of 18.44 hours) was observed at the HCG

dose of 3500IU/kg. Average effected time was 27.89

hours at a dose of 3000 IU/kg and varied between 32

hours and 33 hours with the other HCG dosages.

Spawning rates had 65.56± 4.98% and 61.11 ±

3.36% when using 3000IU/kg and 3500IU/kg HCG

respectively and were significantly (P<0.05) higher

than those of the others (P<0.05). Spawning rate

only reached from 7.78 ±2.61 % to 23.33±4.40 %

when injected with the dosages of LRH-A 45mg +

DOM 15mg/kg, LRH-A 30mg + DOM 10mg/kg and

HCG 2500IU/kg. The study showed that HCG

hormone at the doses of 3000-3500IU/kg can be

used for inducing artificial spawning of tilapia. These

results are very useful for further research in order to

achieve long term goals that is producing triploidy of

tilapia from crossing between tetraploi and diploid

brooders of tilapia. Reviewed by Dr. Le Van Khoi

Research results of some common

pathogens in hard clam Meretrix sp. in

Hai Phong

Nguyen Thi Thu Hien, Tran Thi Nguyet Minh

In Hai Phong, the tidal areas potential for hard clam

culture are located in Cat Hai, Tien Lang and Do Son

(Bang La) districts. Along with the fast development

of clam industry in terms of area and density,

diseases has been occurred in all clam culture areas,

causing significant economic losses for farmers.

From 2006 to 2008, no disease outbreak was

observed in Cat Hai, Hai Phong. However, in 2009 -

2010, the disease outbreaks have been observed in

hard clam cultured in many areas with high

mortalities. The hard clam floated on sand, opened

shell and then died. In 2010, the clam mortality was

about 90%, accounting for about 40ha at Hien Hao

commune, Cat Hai district. Similarly, the mortality

was observed in Phu Long commune, Cat Hai

district, however, the economic loss was much

smaller because commercial clam could be

harvested.

Under the project “Research on identifying the

current situation of disease on clam Meretrix sp.

cultured in Hai Phong and precaution”, some

common pathogens in hard clam are described.

Perkinsus infection

In 2010, 120 hard clam, including 60 clam samples in

Cat Hai, 30 samples in Tien Lang and 30 samples in

Duong Kinh district were collected for parasite study.

By using Thioglycollate medium and Lugol stain

(Ray, 1966), hard clam is found to be infected with

Perkinsus with 73.33% in Cat Hai, 40% in Tien Lang

and 36.67% in Kinh Duong. However, the intensity of

Perkinsus was low (1-10 hypnospores/cultue) (Fig.)



In 2011, hard clam samples were collected in Hien

Hao, Dong Bai and Phu Long communes of Cat Hai

district and checked for Perkinsus. The results

showed that the perrcentages of Perkinsus sp

fluatuated from 19.67 - 30.72% with low intensity

infections.

Although hard clam was infected with Perkinsus, no

clinical signs were observed in gills and mantle of the

clams. According to Melba G.Bondad-Reantaso et al

(2005), Perkinsus olseni infection can disrupt the

connective tissue and epithelial cells, some hosts

may form abscesses. The 8 mm diameter pustules

can appear in infected clam.

Vibrio sp infection

In 2010, Vibrio were isolated in hard clam collected

from Tien Lang and Cat Hai districts with rates from

26.67% to 40.74%. Among these, the highest rate

(40.74%, n = 27) was observed in Tien Lang district

and the lowest rate (26.67%, n = 30) was observed

in Cat Hai District. In terms of species, there were 7

Vibrio strains isolated from hard clam in Hien Hao

commune, Cat Hai district; and 4 Vibrio strains were

isolated from hard clam collected from Tien Lang

district.

Among Vibrio sp isolates, V.

alginolyticus and V. vunificus were

isolated with higher frequency than

others, so they were selected for

artificial infection experiments.

The infection experiments showed that

Vibrio-infected hard clam had clinical

signs including black spots on mouth,

weak and thin clam compared to normal

control clam. The infection with V.

vulnificus (concentration of 18.108 cfu/ml) presented

the death at day7 with mortality from 25 to 35%/tank

(n = 20 clam/tank). For V.alginolyticus infection, the

experimental clam looked normal at concentration of

18.106cfu/ml, showed black spot shell at

concentration of 18.107cfu/ml after 72h infection and

at concentration of 18.108cfu/ml after 48h infection.

However, no mortality was observed in the

experiment of V. alginolyticus infection

Thus, V.alginolyticus and V.vunificus could be

causative agents in hard clam. To sum up, Perkinsus

sp and Vibrio sp were commonly isolated from hard

clam cultured in Hai Phong during 2010 and 2011.

Reviewed by Dr. Dang Thi Lua

Fig.(A&B): Perkinsus sp infected in gill and mantle of hard clam (100X), B (400X) (Tran Thi Nguyet Minh, 2009)


Education, Training and International Cooperation

The visiting of Japan International

Cooperation Agency (JICA) to RIA1

Hoang Thuy

On 13th April, the Study Team of JICA was led by Mr.

Ron Zweig, he visited and worked with RIA1 in order

to conduct a study on future agricultural, fisheries

and food security strategies in the ASEAN region. Dr.

Phan Thi Van (Leader of RIA1), MSc. Nguyen Huu

Nghia (Head), MSc. Vu Thi Ngoc Lien (Deputy Head)

of Information, International Cooperation and

Education Dept. welcomed the team.

At the meeting, the contents were discussed on

strategic issues related to the future of aquaculture

and fisheries in Vietnam such as i) national strategy

of food security which focuses on objectives, duties

and solution regarding to fisheries sector; ii) national

aquaculture development strategies and orientation

by 2020 to cope with food security strategies; iii)

RIA1’s recent contribution to food security; iv)

challenges to aquaculture including effect of climate

change, the knowledge and understanding of

aquaculture contribution to human development in

particular poverty alleviation, food security and

nutrition is inadequate; v) RIA1’s strategies to

contribute to food security (in accordance with the

national aquaculture strategy by 2020).

At the end of the meeting, it is hoped that JICA will

consider and make recommendations on policies

and effective strategies to help Vietnam and

especially RIA1 having long-term food security

strategies in aquaculture.

Thesis defense ceremony for Master of

Science in Aquaculture batch 19

Nguyen Hai Dang

On 12th May 2012, Hanoi Agricultural University

(HUA) and Research Institute for Aquaculture No.1

(RIA1) held the Thesis defence ceremony for 20 MSc

students of the 19th batch (2011 - 2012) at RIA1.

Attending the ceremony, there were Professor, Dr.

Nguyen Van Dinh, Deputy Director of HAU Graduate

School and 2 officers: M.S. Vu Thi Dan, M.S. Nguyen

Phuc Hung. Representatives of RIA1 included Dr.

Phan Thi Van - Leader, Dr. Nguyen Huu Ninh and

Dr. Tran Dinh Luan - Deputy director of Institute; Mr.

Nguyen Huu Nghia - Head and Ms. Dang Thi Oanh

of Information, International Cooperation & Education

Dept.

The thesis examining committee comprises of

prestigious managers and scientists from MARD,

Meeting before the defense ceremony. Photo: Hai Dang



HUA, RIA1, RIMF. There were 3 committees with 5

members for each.

With the efforts of each student and the spirit of

responsibility and the serious-minded Committees’

members, the ceremony was successfully

completed. Some theses are excellent that marked 9

points, 10 theses were graded from 8.0 to 8.9. The

others were graded from 7.0 to 7.9.

Finally, all students of the 19th batch have graduated

from the Master training program in Aquaculture after

two years of study and research at the RIA1. We

wish you all good health and success in your new

tasks. Translated by Hoang Thuy

The visiting of Uzbeks businessmen to

RIA1

Hoang Thuy

On May 18th, a group of businessmen from

Uzbekistan visited and worked with RIA1. They were

warmly welcomed by Dr. Phan Thi Van (Leader of

RIA1), MSc. Ngo Phu Thoa of Genetics and

Selection Dept.), MSc. Nguyen Duc Tuan (Deputy

Heads of Aquatic Resource and Inland Fisheries

Dept.), MSc. Vu Thi Ngoc Lien (Deputy Heads of

Information, International Cooperation and Education

Dept.). The aims of the visit were to investigate and

study on aquaculture and poultry farming in Vietnam.

On behalf of RIA1, Dr. Phan Thi Van gave brief

history and features of RIA1 and recent results in

research, training courses, education programs and

aquaculture technology transfer. The leader of the

Uzbeks delegation in his reply highly appreciated the

achievements of RIA1 and expects to learn

aquaculture techniques in Vietnam, particularly in

broodstock production and grow out culture of some

economically interesting fish species. Uzbeks group

also shared information and experiences of sturgeon

culture.

In the end, Dr. Phan Thi Van thanked for the visiting

of Uzbeks businessmen and wishes to promote

aquaculture development cooperation between

Uzbekistan and Vietnam.

Program for filming team on Norwegian

ODA in Vietnam

Hoang Thuy

From 29th May to 5th June 2012, a team of NORAD

visited Vietnam to take some short films on the

results of development cooperation between Norway

and Vietnam.

The films will be produced in Norway as part of a

larger project in connection with the anniversary:

NORAD 50 years. The films should communicate 1)

the results of Norwegian assistance and 2) new

issues and future development. The films wil try to

convey that aid is essential to people’s everyday

lives.

Working with Uzbeks businessmen. Photo: Hoang Thuy



The team took some short films on the results of the

project Building Advanced Research, Education

and Extension Capacity of RIA1 sponsored by

NORAD (Project code: SRV-0033) in Bac Ninh, Hai

Duong and Cat Ba from 30 to 31st May. Dr. Phan Thi

Van Leader and Dr. Tran Dinh Luan - Deputy

Director of RIA1 and Heads of Applied Biology Dept.;

CEDMA; Information, International Cooperation &

Education Dept. warmly welcomed the team.

The team interviewed RIA1’s staffs about their

research and some activities in laboratories and

ponds were also filmed. One of the outstanding

results of the project is Nile tilapia strain (NOVIT 4),

which is currently considered the best one in

Vietnam, having fast growth and better cold

tolerance. Now, RIA1 is still researching on Nile

tilapia (10th generation) in order to maintain and

improve the quality of this species and to select the

11th generation.

Then, the team went to Hai Duong to visit and film

some models of tilapia culture of households who

were sponsored by the project and the cage culture

area in Cat Ba Island of National Broodstock Centre

for Mariculture Species (RIA1).

Study tour programme for Namibian

delegates

Hoang Thuy

From the 9th to 19th of June, a study tour program

was held for members of Ministry of Fisheries and

Marine Resources (Namibia) by RIA1 under the

South - South Cooperation Program for Technical

Assistance from Vietnam to Namibia for Aquaculture

Development. In this trip, they would like to seek

partnerships and survey the training programs on

aquaculture with Ministry of Agriculture and Rural

Development (Vietnam) for their staffs. During 10

days, they visited and worked with MARD (Hanoi),

National Broodstock Centre in the South (Cai Be -

Tien Giang), Fisheries Faculty (Ho Chi Minh

University of Agriculture and Forestry), RIA1, Van

Sanh (Ho Chi Minh City) and DABACO (Bac Ninh)

fish mills, National Broodstock Centre in the North

(Hai Duong), and visited small scale feed production

and integrated fish farming in Tu Ky (Hai Duong).

In the closing meeting of the trip, Namibian delegates

thanked for the warm welcome of agencies of

Vietnam, especially for RIA1. They wish that the

training program on aquaculture will be

Namibian delegates in RIA1. Photo: Hai Dang

Filming at RIA1. Photo: Hoang Thuy



supplemented by giving the training course on

genetics, nutrition, feed production, fish pond

techniques, and marine culture of Vietnam.

The achievements of Building Bivalve

Hatchery Production Capacity in Vietnam

and Australia Project (FIS 2005/114)

Cao Truong Giang

FIS2005/114 is an ACIAR funded collaborative

project of research and development between the

Research Institute for Aquaculture No1 and Industry

& Investment NSW’s Port Stephens Fisheries

Institute. The projects primary aim is to select bivalve

species suitable for commercial production and to

develop appropriate hatchery technology for key

bivalve species. The project has been instrumental in

helping Vietnam, through RIA1, to develop and

perfect technologies for mollusk seed production,

particularly oysters. The project began 5 years ago in

Quang Ninh, Hai Phong, Nam Dinh and Thai Binh

provinces and has provided significant assistance to

the development of mollusc culture in these areas.

Micro-algal production:

Before the commencement of the Project, the

National Marine Broodstock Centre (NMBC) at Cat

Ba had only five algal species in stock used for

feeding rotifers, otter clams and estuarine oysters.

Performance of the cultures was limited and

production volumes were low (maximum 2.5 m3). The

system has now been advanced significantly since

has the project.

The range of algal species has been expanded to

eight with the addition of three new cultures from

Australia. Algal conservation methods have been

advanced and RIA.1 staffs now have the skills to

maintain cultures on agar plates, reducing the

chances of contamination. A new system of culture

vessels has been introduced with the maximum

production volume increased using large-scale

concrete tanks. Overall, system reliability has

increased, output is greater, cultures densities are

higher and algal quality has improved.

Bivalve seed production

Before 2007, Bivalve seed production technology in

Vietnam was limited. The average survival rate in the

hatchery from larvae to spat of oysters such as

C.rivularis and C.gigas was only 3-8% and overall

production was very low. Production success for

otter clams and hard clams was similar with survival

rates from larvae to spat ranging from 3 - 5% and 3-

7%, respectively. Early attempts by RIA1 and the

BIM Company using oyster broodstock from Taiwan

and mainland China did succeed in producing spat,

however, survival rates during seed production were

poor.

From 2008 to 2011, the collaborative project

improved techniques to the point that more than 200

million oyster spat and nearly 20 million otter clam

seed were produced for fishermen in Quang Ninh

and Hai Phong provinces. In addition, the project

also produced millions of hard clam spat that were

provided to Nam Dinh and Thai Binh provinces.

The improvement of hatchery techniques for oysters

saw the survival rate from larvae to seed (0.5 cm in



size) increase to over 13%, with subsequent survival

to 2.5cm reaching over 70%. The average survival

rate for otter clams in the hatchery increased to an

average 16.1%, while the survival of hard clam

larvae to spat increased to more than 10% with a

good healthy appearance.

The techniques developed in the project have been

passed on to local clam hatcheries in provinces of

Quang Ninh, Hai Phong, Thai Binh, and Nam Dinh,

which now produce between 20 million to 40 million

of spat per year.

Recently, oyster production techniques were

extended to include the production triploid oyster

seed. An experimental batch of 20,000 spat with a

triploid percentage of approximately 90% was

produced and deployed to the field for performance

assessment. Within 4 months, the growth of triploid

oysters was greater than that of diploids and their dry

meat weight was also diploids. While evaluation of

triploids continues, they appear to hold great promise

for local farmers in the future.

Mollusc grow-out

Before 2007, the development of culture of some

mollusk species in Vietnam, such as C. rivularis, L.

phillipinarum, M. lyrata. was sporadic and farmers

lacked suitable culture techniques, resulting in poor

return on investment.

+ Pacific Oyster: The project has helped to establish

growout culture techniques for oyster with survival

rate of 70%, (over 3.5 tonnes per raft),

delivering hundreds of million spats to

farmers and companies in Quang Ninh

and Hai Phong. Some households can

produce about 200 tonnes of oyster at

marketable size annually.

+ Otter clam: The growout techniques

have been transferred to key farmers on

Cat Ba (Haiphong) and Vandon

(Quangninh). The growth rate of otter

clams has been assessed using 3 different

methods: hanging tray culture on the raft,

trays put on the sand and seeds spread

on the bottom. After 10 months the

average size on clams grown with each

method were 43.78gr/, 45.84gr and 47.12gr per

individual respectively. The average survival rate of

the clams has been 65%.

+ Hard clam: Growout technology for hard clams (M.

meretrix, M. lyrata) has been been successfully

transferred to Nam Dinh, Thai Binh, and some

southern provinces of Vietnam and after 8-10 months

1-Oysters settled on strings for grow-out 2-Single seed oysters C.gigas

3-Otter clam L. phillipinarum 4-Hard clam M.lyrata. Photo Cao Truong Giang



of culture, the average production estimated about

20 tonnes/ha.

Training and technical transfer:

Throughout the project a number of training and

technical transfer activities occurred. Initially, two RIA

1 staff members were trained in advanced algal

culture techniques in Australia. Trainees were

instructed in methods for storage handling and

production of algae, which they in turn put into

practice in Vietnam. Algal species from Australian

culture collections were introduced to Vietnam along

with an array of new algal culture equipment and

techniques.

Four technicians have been trained in larval rearing

(larvae and spat rearing). Three Australian senior

scientists came to Vietnam to transfer techniques for

larval and spat rearing and triploid spat production to

RIA1 staff. In addition, the project also involved in

training 25 undergraduates and 3 postgraduate

students in Vietnam.

An emphasis has been placed on transferring seed

production techniques (Hard clam: M. meretrix, M.

lyrata, Pacific Oyster, and Otter clam) to local clam

hatcheries in Nam Dinh, Thai Binh, Quang Ninh,

Haiphong and southern provinces of Vietnam. These

techniques have been adopted and are being used

to increase overall bivalve seed production within

these provinces.

Techniques developed by the Project have proved

reliable than that in the past. The application of new

techniques has increased the cost effectiveness in

seed production and grow-out culture. Moreover,

they are now supporting the management of mollusc

resources and conservation of mollusc species for

sustainable mollusc culture.

The benefit of Mollusc culture

The development of mollusc culture in northern

Vietnam has brought significant social and economic

benefit. At the outset of the project, oyster production

was insignificant and otter clam production was low.

Within 5 years, oyster production has climbed to over

7000 tonnes and employs over 1500 people from

coastal communities. The production of otter clams

has now reached 1500 tonnes each year. Together

these industries are now offering gross income of

US$ 10 million at the farm gate.

Socio-economic benefit

Before 2007, people living on Island District of Van

Don were largely dependent on fishing, however

overexploitation of natural fisheries resources led to

rapid decline that threatened the livelihood of fishers.

Thanks to ACIAR, this project has offered an

Training course organized in Van Don, Quang Ninh. Photo Vu Van In



opportunity for fishers to develop a new livelihood

with oysters and other bivalve species in Nam Dinh,

Thai Binh, Hai Phong and Quang Ninh provinces.

Together with the culture of otter clams, oysters are

considered highly beneficial as culture can be carried

out with limited investment and basic skills. The

farms are cheap to construct and are commonly

based on bamboo or wooden rafts. Oysters can

reach to marketable size within 8 months, which

offers good profit potential with quick capital

turnover. Oyster culture is also considered beneficial

for the environment as it does not require feed input

and takes nutrients out of the water, which can help

reduce pollution. Finally, the project has also served

to strengthen the cooperative ties between farmers

and companies involved in supply and production of

spat, and those marketing oysters and clams.

The project’s staff discussing the results. Photo Vu Van In


RIA1’s activity abroad

Aquaculture technical support activities

in the Republic of Rwanda, central Africa

Nguyen Van Tien, Bui The Anh, Cao Phan

Thuong, Nguyen Van Hoan

Following the subsidiary agreement signed between

the Governments of Rwanda (GOR) and

Government of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam

(GOTSROV) concerning the responsibilities and

contributions respectively of the two Governments in

regard to the “Inland Lakes Integrated

Development and Management Support Project

(PAIGELAC)” in the Republic of Rwanda and based

on the framework about the exchange and

cooperation in agriculture between the two

Governments, also the request in the letter No.4 of

the African Development Bank (ADB) to cooperate

between Vietnam and Rwanda about the technical

assistant, November 2011, Research Institute for

Aquaculture No.1 (RIA1) has sent 4 experts and

technical assistants to the Republic of Rwanda to

support on aquaculture in the period of 2 and 6

months, respectively. The activities include cage

culture development in reservoirs, monosex tilapia

production following the sex conversion technique

and feed production.

From November 2011 to May 2012, the RIA1 team

has done many activities to support for PAIGELAC

project in the project areas. The experts and

technical assistants have evaluated the status,

advantages and disadvantages of the project

activities, systems that are implemented, and given

the comments, recommendation and implemented

the necessary supporting activities.

In this period, the team has transferred the technique

of Tilapia massive seed production to the fisheries

cooperatives and the Fish Station in Rwanda through

2 training courses for technicians and the members

of the cooperatives on selection of broodstocks,

conditioning for full maturation and incubation of

fertilised eggs, nursing fingerlings in earthen ponds.

Besides, the aquaculture specialists have conducted

the on-hand training to transfer the technology to the

members of cooperatives, workers and technical

staffs of Fish Stations and PAIGELAC project staffs.

In addition, the Vietnam aquaculture specialists and

technicians have given the proper technical

recommendation to improve the condition of

aquaculture ponds as well as aquaculture techniques

to the workers and technicians of the hatcheries

under the support of PAIGELAC project.

More than 10,000 broodstocks of Tilapia have been

selected, in which female contributing about 41%

and 59% male have been conditioned in 4 earthen

ponds. After 3 weeks of conditioning, the full matured

broodstocks have been moved to the hapas to

collect eggs and hatched in the incubation systems.

Guiding to nurse fingerlings in earthen ponds. Photo Bui

The Anh


RIA1’s activity abroad

An incubation system with 32 incubation trays, which

is capable to incubate up to 5 million eggs/year has

been designed and installed at Kigembe Fish Station

with the technology transferred completely. With the

support from Vietnamese specialist and technicians,

Kigembe Fish Station has produced about 1 million

Tilapia fries, in which 0.54 million fries being treated

and 0.46 million fries not being treated by MT

hormone feeding. The 0.46 million fries have been

supplied to the project areas for cage and pond

aquaculture at the size of 70-100 fish/kg.

Regards to the cage aquaculture support, the

Vietnamese specialists and technicians have made

some correction about cage design, feeding tray

setting, feeding rings, aquaculture techniques, etc.

Besides, the specialists have organised the training

courses about the technology and low cost cage

model based on the cages in Vietnam for the

cooperative members as well as instructed to

construct the low cost cage model for cooperatives in

the project areas.

The specialists and technicians have also trained

and instructed the operation of the extruders and

feed production systems for project technical staffs

and cooperative members. Thereof, nearly 2 tons of

feed was produced following the formulation

developed by Vietnamese specialist based on the

local ingredients in Rwanda. After receiving the

technical supports, the entire aquaculture unit

supported by PAIGELAC project in Rwanda could

produce the pellet feed for the fish at different sizes

by themselves.

The general recommendation was given by

Vietnamese specialists for the sustainable

aquaculture and fisheries development in Rwanda

such as capacity building for technical staffs, Tilapia

seed selection, Tilapia massive production, carrying

capacity study for cage culture development, study

on consumption market of aquatic products, diversify

the culture species and select the high value species

for aquaculture.

Based on the great achievements of the technical

support from Vietnam, the Vietnamese delegation

was highly appreciated from the Minister of Ministry

of Agriculture and Animal Resources (MINAGRI) as

well as PAIGELAC project and African Development

Bank about the contribution on the aquaculture

development in Rwanda. Currently, MINAGRI is

continuing to invite Vietnamese specialists to help

Rwanda Government to build the development

projects on aquaculture in the near future.

On-hand training course. Photo Bui The Anh

Training Cuban technician and fishers on production, assembling, installation and operation of wooden cages

Assembling cages

NEWSLETTER 6_EN.pdfHoang Nhat Son Mai Van Tai Chu Chi Thiet Tran Anh Tuan Secretary Hoang Thu Thuy...

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