6 Product Specifications. perancangan produk. teknik industri
6 Product Specifications
Transcript of 6 Product Specifications
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Product Specifications
Teaching materials to accompany:Product Design and Development
Chapter 6
Karl T. Ulrich and Steven D. Eppinger5th Edition, Irwin McGraw-Hill, 2012.
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Produc t Des ign and Develop m ent Karl T. Ulrich and Steven D. Eppinger5th edition, Irwin McGraw-Hill, 2012.
Chapter Table of Contents:1. Introduction2. Development Processes and Organizations3. Opportunity Identification4. Product Planning5. Identifying Customer Needs6. Product Specifications
7. Concept Generation8. Concept Selection9. Concept Testing10. Product Architecture11. Industrial Design12. Design for Environment13. Design for Manufacturing14. Prototyping15. Robust Design16. Patents and Intellectual Property17. Product Development Economics18. Managing Projects
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Concept Development Process
Perform Economic Analysis
Benchmark Competitive Products
Build and Test Models and Prototypes
IdentifyCustomer
Needs
EstablishTarget
Specifications
GenerateProduct
Concepts
SelectProduct
Concept(s)
SetFinal
Specifications
PlanDownstreamDevelopment
MissionStatement Test
ProductConcept(s)
DevelopmentPlan
Target Specs
Based on customer needsand benchmarking
Final Specs
Based on selected concept,feasibility, models, testing,and trade-offs
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Outline
Nature of specifications Spec vs. specs. Target vs. final specs. Process for setting target specs
Process for setting final specs
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Spec vs. Specs
A spec consists of a metric, a unit, anda value
Specs has a set of specs.
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Target vs. Final Specs
Target specs: the hope and aspirationof the design (ideal and marginal)
Refined specs: trade-offs amongdifferent desired characteristics. Intermediate specs
Final specs It is in the projects contract book
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Nature of Specifications
The reference point for functionalitydesign and quality planning
A product assembly usually requires ahierarchy of specs, for the final productand each of its components
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The Product Specs Process1. Set Target Specifications
Based on customer needs and benchmarks Develop metrics for each need
Set ideal and acceptable values2. Refine Specifications
Based on selected concept and feasibility testing Technical and economic modeling
Trade-offs are critical3. Reflect on the Results and the Process
Critical for ongoing improvement
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Procedure for establishing
target specifications1. Identify a list of metrics and measurement
units that sufficiently address the needs
2. Collect the competitive benchmarkinginformation
3. Set ideal and marginally acceptable targetvalues for each metric (using at least, atmost, between, exactly, etc.)
4. Reflect on the results and the process
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Process for setting the final
specifications1. Develop technical models to assess technical feasibility. The
input is design variable and the output is a measurement usinga metric.
2. Develop a cost model of the product.3. Refine the specifications, making tradeoffs, where necessary to
form a competitive map.4. Flow down the final overall specs to specs for each
subsystem (component and part).
5. Reflect on the results to seeWhether the product is a winner, and/orHow much uncertainty there is in the technical and cost model, orWhether there is a need to develop a better technical model.
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Product Specifications Example:Mountain Bike Suspension Fork
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Start with the Customer Needs
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Metrics Exercise:
Ball Point PenCustomer Need:
The pen writes smoothly.
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Establish Metrics and Units
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Link Metrics to Needs
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Benchmark on Customer Needs
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Assign Marginal and Ideal Values
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Perceptual Mapping Exercise
Chocolate
C r u n c
h
Hershey sw/ Almonds
Hershey sMilk Chocolate
NestlCrunch
KitKat
Opportunity?
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Specification Trade-offs
Score on Monster (Gs)
Trade-off Curvesfor Three Concepts
E s
t i m a
t e d M a n u
f a c
t u r i n g
C o s
t ( $ )
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Set Final Specifications
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Quality Function Deployment(House of Quality)
technicalcorrelations
benchmarkingon needs
customerneeds
engineeringmetrics
target and final specs
relativeimportance
relationships betweencustomer needs andengineering metrics
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Profit margin
Where:M: profit marginP: priceC: cost
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Target Cost
Where:C = target costP = price to the end user
Mi = the margin at the i th stage.
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Mark upMarkup = P/C - 1
Where:P: priceC: cost
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Chapter 6 HW
Metric Exercise: Ball Point Pen
Identify five possible metrics and the unit of measure for a customerneed as stated below:
The pen writes smoothly.