5th Estate for Tenth Anglo-Israel Colloquium, Jerusalem, 2013
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Transcript of 5th Estate for Tenth Anglo-Israel Colloquium, Jerusalem, 2013
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The Internet and the Fifth Estate
Bill Dutton
Balliol College & Oxford Internet Institute
University of Oxford
Prepared for the Tenth Anglo-Israel Colloquium, Mishkenot Sha’ananim, Jerusalem, 14-17 November 2013.
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Role of the Internet: a New Conventional Wisdom
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Reconfiguring Access: Information, People, Services, Technology
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A New Organizational Form:Enabling Networked Individuals
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• 2003, 2005, 2007, 2009, 2011, 2013• Cross-sectional Surveys versus Panels• Multi-Stage Probability Sample • England, Scotland & Wales
• Respondents: 14 years and older
• Face-to-face Interviews, High Response Rates
• Sponsorship for 2013 from the Nominet Trust, Ofcom, UK Research Councils, dot.rural
• Component of World Internet Project (WIP)
Oxford Internet Surveys
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Empowering Networked Individuals
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Press since the 18th Century - the ‘Fourth Estate’
Internet in the 21st - enabling a Fifth Estate
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The Fifth Estate
Enabling a critical mass of individuals to source their own information, and network with other individuals in ways that support distributed social accountability in business and industry, government, politics, and the media.
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“[Edmund] Burke said there were Three Estates in Parliament; but, in the Reporters’ Gallery yonder, there sat a Fourth Estate more prominent far than they all. It is not a figure of speech, or witty saying; it is a literal fact – very momentous to us in these times.”
Thomas Carlyle (1831), Heroes and Hero-Worship, at www.gutenberg.org.etext/1091
The Fourth Estate
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Feudal Estates into the 21st Century
Estates Feudal Modern
Clergy Public Intellectuals
Nobility Business, Industry and Economic Elites, including Internet Industrial Elites
Commons Government and Politicians
‘4th Estate’ Press Journalists and the Mass Media
Mob Civil Society, Networked Individuals, Mobs
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Montesquieu’s Tripartite System into the 21st (US Separation of Powers)
Estates Tripartite Modern US Parallel
Courts Judiciary
Monarch Executive
Parliament Legislative
‘4th Estate’ Press Journalists and the Mass Media
Mob Civil Society, Networked Individuals, Mobs
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Networked Institutions, such as in e-Health
Networked Individuals:
going to the Internet for health and medical information
networking patients, e.g., UK Children With Diabetes Advocacy Group (500 Families)
networking physicians, e.g., Sermo
Networked Institutions v Networked Individuals
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Arenas: Networked Institutions Networked Individuals
News Online journalism, BBC Online, Live Micro-Blogging
Netizens, Citizen Journalists, Bloggers, Whistleblowers, Leaks, Churnalism.org, Hacking Blacklash
Government Digital Democracy, E-Consultation, e-Voting, Surveillance
Obama campaign, Aung San Suu Kyi, Arab Springs, Anti-Bribery Websites, 38 Degrees
Education Online Learning, Multimedia Classrooms, MOOCs
Backchannels, Informal Learning, Rate My Teacher, Khan Academy
Health and Medical NHS Direct, e-mailing safety alerts
Going to the Internet for health information, networks of patients, physicians
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Fifth Estate not a Substitute for Institutions
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Fifth Estate Strategies
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Martha Payne, 9 yr old girl writes blog for school project in Scotland: ‘NeverSeconds’
- Produced content: photos & reviews school lunch in 2012
- Distributed on her blog: neverseconds.blogspot.com/
- Censored by her institution (her primary school’s council)
-8,859,514 pages views
-Fostered debate over the quality of school lunches nationwide and worldwide
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Fifth Estate Strategies
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Sermo: a Collaborative Network Organisation
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Fifth Estate Strategies
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Pollution Monitoring Mobile Apps
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Networked Individuals
• Financial Times 5 March 2013• Shandong Province, China• Online exposure of ground water
contamination• Smartphone apps documenting
smog and air pollution• China’s new anti-pollution measures
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Fifth Estate Strategies
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Enemies of the Fifth Estate
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The Politics of Protecting the Fifth Estate
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• Oxford Internet Surveys: 2003, 2005, 2007, 2009, 2011, 2013 and World Internet Project (WIP)
• The Internet Values Project: OII in collaboration with INSEAD, comScore, WEF, and ictQATAR
• The Performance of Distributed Problem-Solving Networks (DPSN) Project (2007-8)
• The Oxford e-Social Science Project (OeSS), Economic and Social Research Council (2005-12)
• The Fifth Estate Project, supported by the OII, Oxford Internet Surveys (2003-13), and June Klein, Electronic Boardroom™
Research Foundations