50120140505003

International Journal of Computer Engineering and Technology (IJCET), ISSN 0976-6367(Print),

ISSN 0976 - 6375(Online), Volume 5, Issue 5, May (2014), pp. 21-31 © IAEME

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A NEW APPROACH OF MULTI-HOMING NETWORK MOBILITY

SYSTEM WITH TROUBLESHOOTING PACKET LOSS ENHANCEMENT

Dr. Mahmood Zaki Abdullah

Computer & Software Engineering Department

College of Engineering, The University of Al-Mustansiriyah, Baghdad, Iraq

ABSTRACT

Internet considered as the most important types of wide area networks and the most

important sources for information, that is because its ability to give many electronic services, like

email, communication services, voice over IP, Internet telephony and other services, to get these

services requires accessing to the web server. It is obvious that to make sure the connection oriented

with the Internet service providers, requires remaining and operating the received device within the

arriving zone of Internet signal, and this device will stop to receive this Internet signal, if it moves to

a new position lies outside this area. The researchers presented through their scientific researches

many ideas and ways of ensuring the continued achievement of the Internet access, despite of the

mobility of the recipient device outside the area of the original service provider, the flow of these

ideas led to do a new networking technique known as multi-homing mobility technique, the

researchers are developed several topologies and protocols to suit their operation with this kind of

mobile networks. This paper presents a new approach for developing the multi-homing mobility

network system that increases the performance operation in spite of the far mobility of the recipient

device to new positions. This approach gives also a new way of network topology, new protocols of

programming internetworking devices, as well as applying the mobile IP addressing for sending and

receiving the packets between the Internet service provider and the mobile recipient, and gives a

reliable algorithm for enhancing troubleshooting packet loss. To test and check the ability of this

approach, we design a hypothetical multi-homing mobility network system that operates under these

proposed algorithms, apply packet tracer v.5 simulator for testing the performance of this proposed

approach.

Keywords: Multi-Homing Network, Mobile IP, Fragmentation, Troubleshooting Packet Loss.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COMPUTER ENGINEERING &

TECHNOLOGY (IJCET)

ISSN 0976 – 6367(Print)

ISSN 0976 – 6375(Online)

Volume 5, Issue 5, May (2014), pp. 21-31

© IAEME: www.iaeme.com/ijcet.asp

Journal Impact Factor (2014): 8.5328 (Calculated by GISI)

www.jifactor.com

IJCET

© I A E M E



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I. INTRODUCTION

The wireless networks are the major and important types of networks, they offer many

services to many hosts, a host that uses wireless technology can be mobile. Multiple overlapping

wireless technologies create a connectivity rich environment and challenge, to allow mobile hosts

take advantage of the various wireless technologies for improving its communication channel to the

network, it is obvious that the wireless communications may stop when changing from one network

attachment point to another, or when the mobile enters an area with no wireless coverage, to

overcome this problem many researchers presented many ideas and ways, one of these ways was to

use multiple wireless technologies at the same time, they can create a resilient communication

channel that overcomes the problems presented by mobility and by wireless. In order to use of all the

available wireless technologies, a mobile host has to connect to multiple networks simultaneously,

this type of connectivity is known as multi-homing. In this paper we propose a mobility solution

based on dynamic multi-homing, where a host connected to a constantly changing set of networks. In

fact the hardware connection of dynamic multi-homing needs three elements, a way of finding

available wireless networks, transport protocols that use the multiple available networks, and a

location service to allow corresponding hosts to communicate with mobile hosts in their new

networks, figure (1) shows the elements of a mobile network architecture of the multi-homing

connection [1], [2].

Fig.1: Schematic diagram of the elements of mobile network architecture [3]

II. RELATED WORKS

Luiz Claudio Schara Magalhaes in 2005 [1], presented the design of a transport layer host

mobility architecture, the main components of this architecture are a link layer manager, to mediate

access to the communication infrastructure, he designed a multiplexing transport protocol framework

that allows the construction of multiplexing transport suited to different classes of traffic.

R. Moskowitz, and P. Nikander in 2006 [9], presented a new method such as HIP that brings

new namespaces into the protocol stack to separate the semantics of identity from IP addresses. HIP

introduces a new namespace called HI (Host Identity), which is independent of the IP addresses, to

identify hosts in the network.

E. Nordmark, M. Bagnulo, and Shim in 2009 [10], aimed to support IP multi-homing, to

manage multiple IP addresses in one host, shim inserts a sub layer into the network layer, while SCTP

designs a new transport-layer protocol.

Pekka Nikander, Andrei Gurtov, and Thomas R. Henderson in 2010 [11], presented and

provided an in-depth look at HIP, discussing its architecture, design, benefits, potential drawbacks,



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and ongoing work, the HIP protocols have been carefully designed to take middle boxes into account,

providing for overlay networks and enterprise deployment concerns.

Jozef Wozniak in 2012 [12], presented an overview of the most popular and promising

methods of handling mobility in IP networks, covering ISO-OSI layers 2+, 3, as well as layer 3+ and

layers 4 and 7 of mobility solutions.

III. THEORETICAL BACKGROUND

From figure (1), we can conclude that each mobile network can be consisted of home

network, home agent, foreign agent, foreign (or visited) network, and correspondent. The data

transfer to the mobile system in this type of network technique based on the following procedure [4]:

1- IP destination address, network prefix determines physical subnet.

2- Sender sends to the IP address of mobile network (MN).

3- Host agent (HA) intercepts packet proxy ARP.

4- Host agent (HA) tunnels packet to foreign agent lies at the foreign network (FA), by

encapsulation process.

5- Foreign agent forwards the packet to the mobile network (MN).

While the data transfer from the mobile system to the receiver is occurred when the sender

sends to the IP address of the receiver as usual, (FA) works as default router. Figure (2) illustrates the

procedure of data transfer to or from mobile system [4].

Fig.2: Schematic diagram of the data transferring to or from the mobile system [4]

IV. MOBILE IP ENTITIES

The multi-homing mobility technique based on many factors or parameters, one of these

factors is the Mobile IP address, the aspects of this addressing state that in Mobile IP a mobile host is

assigned an IP address on its home network, called the mobile host’s home address. Packets that are

delivering from a correspondent host to the mobile host are always addressed to the home address of

the mobile host. If the correspondent host is aware that the mobile host is mobile, then the

correspondent host can encapsulate its packets and forward them directly to the mobile host’s new

location without traversing the home network, when the mobile host connects to a foreign network, it

identifies and registers with a foreign agent, or registers directly with its home agent. When

registering, the mobile host acquires a care-of address defining its current location [5], figure (3)

shows the Mobile IP entities.



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Fig.3: Schematic diagram of the Mobile IP entities [5]

The Mobile IP has two addresses for a mobile host: one home address and one care-of

address. The home address is permanent; the care-of addresses changes as the mobile host moves

from one network to another, When the mobile host and the foreign agent are the same, the care-of

address is called a co-located care-of address, Mobile IP does not use a new packet type for agent

advertisement; it uses the router advertisement packet of ICMP, and appends an agent advertisement

message, the movement of the mobile host is transparent to the rest of the Internet, finally we can

summarize that Mobile IP uses two IP addresses, home address, where the IP address assigned to the

mobile node, making it logically appear attached to its home network. In Care-of address, an IP

address at the mobile node's current point of attachment to the Internet, when the mobile node is not

attached to the home network. In Home network the network at which the mobile node seems

reachable, to the rest of the Internet, by virtue of its assigned IP address, while foreign network, the

network to which the mobile node is attached when it is not attached to its home network, and on

which the care-of address is reachable from the rest of the Internet, at terminology phase, a router on

the home network that effectively causes the mobile node to be reachable at its home address even

when the mobile node is not attached to its home network, while a router on the foreign network that

can assist the mobile node in receiving datagrams delivered to the care-of address [6].

V. PROPOSED MULTI-HOMING MOBILITY NETWORK SYSTEM

As mentioned before the conventional multi-homing mobility network based on the

correspondent device sends the packet to its home agent router at the home network, this router will

deliver this packet to a foreign agent router at a foreign network, during this transferring of packet,

the mobile IP addressing can be applied to ensure the end-to-end sending and receiving, figure (4)

shows the concepts of conventional multi-homing mobility network [7].

Fig.4: Schematic diagram of the conventional multi-homing architecture [7]



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When a host moves from one network to another, the IP addressing structure needs to be

modified, the home address is permanent; it associates the host to its home network, the network that

is the permanent home of the host. The care-of address is temporary. When host moves from one

network to another, the care-of address changes; it is associated with the foreign network, the

network to which the host moves. Figure (5) shows this concept [8].

Fig.5: Schematic diagram of the data transfer in multi-homing mobility system [8]

From figure (8), we can notice that multi-homing procedure can be applied through three

phases, phase-1-agent discovery, phase-2-registeration and phase-3-data transfer; the algorithmic

procedure of these phases can be summarized through below steps [8]:

1- The mobile host when at home sends agent solicitation message to home agent (router).

2- The home agent (router) sends a response agent advertisement message to mobile host.

3- When the movement occurs, the mobile host (at a new position) sends agent solicitation

message to foreign agent (router).

4- The foreign agent (router) sends agent advertisement response message to a mobile host (at a

new position).

5- The mobile host (at a new position) sends registration request message to a foreign agent

(router), then the foreign agent (router) will send a registration request message to a home

agent (router).

6- The home agent (router) will send a registration reply message to a foreign agent (router, then

the foreign agent (router) will send a registration reply message to a mobile host after

movement.

7- Finally, the mobile host at its new position, will transfer the data to a remote host.



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From this fact we adapt the architecture of the above conventional multi-homing mobility

network to a newer architecture, our proposed design suggested that we can expand the Internet

service provider signal to cover a wide area, this can be done by using multiple wireless router which

were connected to a central ISP, these routers can be amplified the attenuated ISP signal as well as

managed the derivation of packets, figure (6) shows the proposed multi-homed mobility system.

Fig.6: Schematic diagram of the proposed multi-homing mobility architecture

To increase the speed of packet delivery through these agents with few bit error rate, the

segment-fragmentation algorithm was applied, as it was stated at reference [8].

VI. PROPOSED ALGORITHM FOR TROUBLESHOOTING ENHANCEMENT

To enhance the bit error rate of transferring data, a proposed troubleshooting packet loss

algorithm applied to check the errors occur in the outbound and inbound segments format, that

means checks for IP packet addressing, mobile IP addressing, the orientation of the original data,

format, checks for correct and match routes., and finally checks for the connection to ISP if it is

terminated on single router or multiple routers, figure (7) shows the steps for multi-homing mobility

network algorithm with troubleshooting packet loss enhancement.



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Fig.7: Algorithmic Flowchart of Multi-homing mobility network system with Troubleshooting

Packet Loss Enhancement

Start

Troubleshooting

Algorithm

Is

the orientation of

data at outbound segment

similar to that in next hop

inbound

?

No

Read

The IPs of all the hosts,

Multi-homed Networks

And Routers

Yes

End

Multi-homing mobility

Algorithm

Start

Multi-homing mobility

Algorithm

Compute for one of addresses

of multi-homed hosts to packet,

(assign for source address and

destination address), apply

segment-fragment for sending

total segments.

Compute for mobile IP format,

from routing table search for

matching route to the

destination host.

Is

the mobile

route correct ?,

and receive ACK

for each fragment?

No

Yes

Is

the total route

correct ?,

and receive ACK

for total fragments?,

and the process net

exceed time out?

Yes

Compute again for mobile

IP address and matching

routes.

No

Compute for segment-

fragmentation again, and

compute for mobile IP format.

End

Troubleshooting

Algorithm



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VII. IMPLEMENTATION AND PRACTICAL RESULTS

This section contains all the practical results that validate and verify our proposed multi-

homing mobility network, these results can be obtained by applying the Packet Tracer v.5 network

simulator, and before beginning this simulation we programmed all the PCs. and the internetworking

devices with the required IPs and proposed protocols. We found that all the mobile segments of data

that can be sent from the source to final destination end through the proposed multi-homed mobility

network system and multi ISPs. will reach this destination correctly without any damaged as shown

in figure (8), figure (9), figure (10), and figure (11).

(a) (b) Fig.8: (a) Illustrates the initialization process of PCs. and internetworking devices with IP’s address

(b) Represents the outbound of the PDU at device correspondent pos.1.

(a) (b) Fig.9. (a) Illustrates the transferring of packet from a device at correspondent pos.1 to first wireless

router,

(b) Represents the outbound of the PDU format that reaches the first wireless router.



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(a) (b) Fig.10. (a) Illustrates the transferring of packet from a wireless device to central ISP wireless router,

(b) Represents the outbound of the PDU format that reaches the central ISP wireless router

(a) (b) Fig.11. (a) Illustrates the transferring of packet from a central ISP wireless router to a home agent

wireless router.

(b) Represents the outbound of the PDU format that reaches home agent wireless router at home

network.

Another test can be done by considering a hypothetical multi-homing mobility network

system, this system applied and operated with the proposed algorithm, considering a source host

transfers between many positions along 1000 meter, these positions could be covered by three

ISPs., through three wireless routers, each router programmed with this proposed algorithm, we

found that the data obtained with applying segmentation and troubleshooting were more accurate



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as compared with these obtained without segmentation and troubleshooting check, so we noticed

also that the bit error rate (BER) will not exceed (0.0002) for this proposed algorithm during the

whole trip, while it may be increased rapidly without that, figure (12) shows the differences

between the two algorithms. Also we noticed that increasing in the number of wireless routers that

may be connected to a central ISP devices will increase the area of arrival of ISP signal, increase

the area of connection for the mobile network to a home agent, also we can use an access point

device either instead of wireless router or as an extra amplification and accessing device

connected to a wireless router in order to expand the area of connection.

Fig.12: Illustrates the bit error rate (BER) – Mobility characteristic for conventional and proposed

algorithm

VIII. CONCLUSION

From this paper we can conclude the following points:

1- The multi-homing mobility network gives us the reliability and flexibility of maintaining

connection to ISP signal in spite of moving the sending device far away from its original

position.

2- The multi-homing network applies many special protocols, like host identity protocol HIP,

and other protocols which facilitate the transferring of packets through the internetworking

devices.

3- The multi-homing mobility network system can apply a special type of addressing, like

mobile IP, which assist the mobile packets to reach their final destinations.

4- The segment-fragmentation technique will assist and increase the speed of the transferring

packets in a multi-homing mobility network system, also the troubleshooting packet loss

enhancement algorithm will assist the speed and the accuracy of transferring data.

5- There are another modern techniques of multi-homing mobility, these techniques can be used

the ability of satellite system which provide ISP signal, to change its position in the space

and supply another region on the earth with ISP signal, this type of technique is called

satellite based multi-homing mobility network.



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