Volume 25 April/May 2013

Issued by the Africa Institute of South Africa (AISA) Issued by the Africa Institute of South Africa (AISA)

and passada music while appeas-ing their appetites with the deli-cious Ghanaian fufu, Ethiopian injera or Moroccan couscous.

Africa day is a day, when Afri-cans, while walking high in the sands of the Kgalagadi, watching the majestic views and appreci-ating the beauty of our flora and fauna at table mountain, taking a boat trip to Goree Island and en-joying sunset on the beach of Sali

in Dakar; they find joy in telling each other about the stories of astronomical and astrological prowess of the Dogon people and the deeds of Queen Nzinga of Angola, bravery in the Kingdom of Songhay in West Africa and Ma-pungubwe Kingdom in Southern Africa.

Africa day affords Africans an

E ach year, on the 25th of May Africans from all walks of life celebrate Africa Day. The roots of

Africa Day hark back to 1963 when the Organization of African Unity (OAU) was instituted in Addis Aba-ba, Ethiopia.

To many, the creation of OAU epitomized a ‘Day of Africa’. Fifty years later, 25 May continues to gain international recognition as

Africa Day, a day when, regardless of their geographic location or circumstances, Africans come together to celebrate the idea of African unity.

Whether they are in the dusty streets of Lagos in Nigeria or in leafy suburbs of Sandton in Johan-nesburg, on this day, Africans come together to dance to the Angolan kizomba music, they dance to Mozambican marrabenta

THEMBANI MBADLANYANA

50 years of the OAU: What is

the meaning of Africa Day

ONE BIG FAMILY… Chairperson of AU Commission Dr Nkosazana Dlamini Zuma joined by African Union Heads of States pose for a family photo at the African Union headquarters in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.

Continues on page 2

Africa Day and AU Ju-bilee Page 1, 2, 3, 4

Child Protection Week Page 8

World Economic Fo-rum Conference Cape Town Page 3

Health matters at the AU Summit Page 9

PICTURE: GCIS

April/May 2013 Volume 25

Issued by the Africa Institute of South Africa (AISA) 2

Editorial

F ifty years after the founding of the Organi-sation of African Unity (OAU) – Africa must

unite or parish. This sounds more like an ultimatum to the continent of Africa.

As I was attending the third annual scramble for Africa con-ference during the Africa month, I could tell that not only the youth in the Arab Africa where tired of being excluded, not only farm workers in De Doorns were sick and tired of slave salaries, also the scholars could tell that the people want to be involved in the affairs of their motherland.

Various scholars called for the African Union and African gov-ernments to involve the general public when making decisions. The Third Tshwane declaration was unanimously passed and delivered to the AU summit in Addis Ababa Ethiopia. However, it’s still not clear if this call fell into the right or deaf ear. That declaration has been detailed out in this issue.

One should also commend the African heads of states for delib-erating on many issues perti-nent for Africa’s sustainable peace, stability, health and de-velopment. Amongst those is-sues, was the announcement of the formation of the Africa’s Rapid Response Force to coun-ter the rebel forces that are destabilising and ousting demo-cratically elected governments in the continent.

The recent death of the South African soldiers in the hands of the Seleka rebels in Central Afri-can Republic will always come to mind when we touch on the issue of peace and security in Africa. May their Souls Rest in Peace!

The issue of health were dealt with in details when the AU heads of states met on a working lunch to discuss the scourge of HIV/Aids, Malaria and TB. It’s enlightening to see that all Afri-can leaders bow to fund their own initiatives. The time for waiting for the west to come with the terms and conditions coloured funding is long past. Africa must take financial re-sponsibility for its own problems.

We could not talk about the AU Jubilee without talking about the South African liberation struggle, both against colonial-ism and the more ruthless apartheid. For that reason, the freedom day celebration fea-tured prominently in this issue. The national orders that saw South African citizens and for-eign nationals being awarded a token of appreciation to those that stood by us.

The World Economic Forum which was held in Cape Town and the South African National Child Protection Week also fea-tured prominently in this issue.

With these and other issues that are making world head-lines, enjoy your reading.

Send your letters to : media@ai.org.za

opportunity not only to retell their own stories, embrace and celebrate their cultures and her-itage, but to also take pride on their sense of shared identity and to celebrate their unity in diversity.

It provides the opportunity for those Africans who are separat-ed from the mother continent to reconnect with Africa. It serves as a reminder to Africans in dias-pora and those in the continent about the connectedness of Afri-cans and their common struggles over many decades.

In recent years, Africa Day has also come to represent symbol-ism of the highest order. It has come to be associated with dip-lomatic functions, musical con-certs, art exhibitions and aca-demic seminars and confer-ences. But when stripped of its symbolism- what does Africa Day mean to different Africans of different backgrounds, regions, ages and generations?

What is the significance and/or essence of Africa Day? What does it mean to millions of un-employed African youth, to the continent’s poorest households that continue to live under 1$ US dollar a day and to the most vulnerable amongst us women and children?

Can Sahrawi people, Congo-lese, Somalis, South Sudanese, Malians and people in Central African Republic walk talk and pride themselves for being Afri-

cans while dominant systems of governance exclude them in nov-el ways and their governments are struggling to fulfil their re-sponsibility to protect them?

Would these people really care about celebrating Africa Day while they are relegated to the extremities of the political sys-tem and while they continue to live in appalling conditions, lead-ing lives marred by vulnerability and lack of resilience?

Can millions of Africans find joy in celebrating this important day in the calendar of the conti-nent even though recent sus-tained African economic growth has not translated into improve-ments in their lives?

As long as some Africa systems of governance are not in line with people’s aspirations and needs, Africa Day will be difficult to celebrate with a joyful heart.

As long as unconstitutional changes of governments, ab-sence of durable peace, corrup-tion, bad governance, human rights violations, women and child abuse are still prominent features of African public dis-course, it would be difficult to convince ordinary Africans to cherish this day. As one young African recently observed, as long as Eskia Mphahleles, Wole Soyinkas, Chinua Achebes, Tsitsi Dangarembgas, Ngugi Wa Thion-gos and Ayi Arhams continue to play second fiddle to the Shake-spears of the world, then cele-

brating Africa Day will not be a meaningful exercise.

As Nkwame Nkrumah pointed out five decades ago, for Africa Day to be cemented into the fabric of our collective con-sciousness and to be accorded the prominence it deserves, “there is a need for Africans to explain their own culture, and interpret their own thought and soul life, if the complete truth is to be given to the other races of the earth”.

Therefore, it suffices to say that, this day should be used as a space to reflect not only on the inspiring milestones that have been achieved by the leaders of the continent since the formation of the OAU 50 years ago, but also on lived experiences, current realities and challenges faced by their motherland, Africa. Africa Day should transcend symbolism- it should move beyond being a symbolic affair.

Africa Day should not only be reduced into a day of festivities, but rather, it should also be used as an opportunity to engage in strategic conversations about the past, the present and the future.

It should be a day when Afri-cans assess and reconstruct their past, understand the present, tell new narratives, churn out new ideas and craft new visions for a peaceful and prosperous Africa. Africa Day should be

used to send out a positive mes-sage to all nations of the world that, “Africa Matters and Africa is the Future”.

Hundreds of delegates from around the world who partici-pated in the 3rd Scramble for Africa Conference organized by Africa Institute of South Africa (AISA) between 20-21 May 2013 rightfully observed that, un-doubtedly, Africa’s future is bright. Indeed, Africa is having a sense of urgency and Africa is alive with possibilities.

However, Africans, including ordinary people, can only cele-brate the many Africa Days to come with a sense of dignity, pride and joy and nations of the world are to join the Old Romans in saying “Semper aliquid novi ex Africa” (from Africa always come something new), ONLY if African policy makers and lead-ers intensify their efforts in bringing about improvements in peoples’ lives and their commit-ment is followed by actions in addressing endemic structural, policy and governance (both economic and political) challeng-es facing the continent. Mbadlanyana is a Research Specialist in the Governance and Security Programme of the Africa Institute of South Africa (AISA). This article was originally pub-lished on www.sabc.co.za/news.

… what is the meaning of Africa Day? Continued from Page 1

RESTORATIVE JUSTICE IN AFRICA From Trans-dimensional Knowledge to a Culture of Harmony

Editors: Dani Wadada Nabudere and Andreas Velthuizen ISBN: 978-0-7983-0358-3 Size: 240mm x 160mm Extent: 154 Pages Availability: April 2013 Published: AISA This book was inspired by the need of post-conflict societies to manage knowledge resources in such a way that it creates lasting restoration of durable peaceful relationships among people. It aims to demonstrate the chal-lenges of the management of knowledge for restorative justice in Africa and the principles and practices by which these chal-lenges can be met.

To achieve this aim they ap-plied what they call the ‘Trans-dimensional Knowledge Man-agement Model (TDKM-M)’ to specific cases of restorative jus-tice in South Africa, Rwanda, Uganda, Kenya and Liberia. After an analysis of the case studies, the authors successfully demon-strated the challenges of the management of knowledge for

restorative justice in Africa and the principles and practices by which these challenges can be met. The authors revealed com-mon challenges to restorative justice such as establishing the ‘truth’; the institutionalization of recommendations by truth and reconciliation bodies; the handling of non-cooperative offenders; and replacing of ‘good’ values’ with ‘bad’ values as major challenges to restora-tive justice.

To meet these challenges, they propose certain principles of trans-dimensional restorative justice: the establishment of ‘a trans-dimensional knowledge foundation’ (not some version of ‘the truth’); leadership in the implementation of strategies and plans; restoration or estab-lishment of good relations among all people (not only the ruling elites); the identification of tacit and unseen factors that will determine successful resto-ration of these relationships; and changing these tacit and unseen factors.

Volume 25 April/May 2013

Issued by the Africa Institute of South Africa (AISA) 3

Liberation will make Africa a “Champion”

IN SOUTH AFRICA, the celebra-

tions of the African Union’s (AU)

50th anniversary kicked-off on

May 20 with the official opening

of the third annual Scramble for

Africa Conference held at the

Manhattan Hotel.

This year’s conference was

held under the theme “50 years

after the founding of the OAU:

Africa must unite or perish”.

Close to 60 delegates from all

over the African continent and

the Diaspora presented discus-

sion documents at the two-day

conference which ended on

Tuesday, May 21.

At the opening the Tshwane

University of Technology’s Re-

search Professor, Mammo Muchie

from Ethiopia told the conference

that the African liberation month

was chosen in order to address

the challenges of continued

scramble for Africa and to oppose

it. Prof. Muchie further told the

conference to continue living the

spirit of liberation.

”We hope the series of confer-

ences will continue, our team

spirit grow and the opportunity

to make Africa the champion

with liberation against any form

of coloniality increase. The

space is open for all of us to

contribute all we can and above

all build strong and trustful net-

working that endures with hard

work as fun,” said Prof. Muchie.

The conference sought to ex-

plore the various mechanisms

employed by the AU in Africa’s

integration and sustainable de-

velopment over the past 50

years. It also examined current

practices and propose realistic

alternatives for ensuring that the

AU attains the vision of an inte-

grated, prosperous and peaceful

Africa in the next 50 years and

beyond.

The Third Annual Scramble for

Africa Conference is produced

concrete and implementable

recommendations in the form of

the Third Tshwane Declaration

to pass on to the 50 Years Pan-

Africanism and the African Re-

naissance celebrations at the AU

in Addis Ababa that held from 25

– 27 May.

The conference is organised by

the Africa Institute of South Afri-

ca (AISA) in partnership with the

City of Tshwane, Tshwane Uni-

versity of Technology, Thabo

Mbeki African Leadership Insti-

tute, Ditsong National Cultural

Museum of South Africa, Nation-

al Research Foundation and the

Department of Arts and Culture.

The local celebration was to

culminate at the Union Buildings

lawns on Saturday, May 25 with

the national Africa Day celebra-

tion. The event was aimed at

uniting Africans and celebrating

their different cultures and herit-

age. The Africa Day Celebration

comes as a token of highlighting

the economic potential that ex-

ists on the African continent.

The celebration would see a

series of events, including a car-

nival, gala dinner and showcas-

ing of African arts and culture. It

attracts dignitaries from all over

Africa and is crowned by a huge

musical concert with perfor-

mances by various African

artists.

ADZILIWI NEMATANDANI

AFRICAN REDEMPTION… Professor Alphonse Keasley, University of Colorado’s Deputy Vice-Chancellor with AISA’s CEO, Prof. Phindile Lukhele-Olorunju at the opening of the Third Annual Scramble for Afri-ca Conference.

PICTURE: CITY OF TSHWANE

Not just GDP measurement, but its quality as well

With the speculated annual growth of five percent in 2012/2013, sub-Saharan Africa continues its transformative journey from a developing conti-nent to a hub of global growth. However, panelists at the World Economic Forum believe that economic diversification is es-sential for African economies to build buffers against vulnerabil-ity in a volatile world.

They argued that creating a savings culture and increased tax base to help fund intra-African trade and investment

and reduce African countries’ dependence on customs reve-nues are other factors that could provide buffers against volatility and improve trade flows by lessening the incentive for countries to impose non-tariff barriers.

According to the Nigerian Fi-nance Minister, Ngozi Okonjo-Iweala, Africa’s growth rates are not a flash-in-the-pan as shown by the fact that, even in the un-certain economic climate global-ly, Africa continues to grow. She said it was however, important

to find ways to step up the growth and make it inclusive.

Okonjo-Iweala’s sentiment was echoed by Pravin Gordhan, South African Minister of Fi-nance, who said it is not only the measurement of gross do-mestic product that is im-portant, but the quality of that GDP. He said Africa needs to produce a new model of growth based on inclusivity and create new economic institutions both within and between countries to support it. The flow of capital out of the continent has to be

stemmed to increase the availa-bility of investible capital within Africa.

“Although foreign direct in-vestment in Africa is growing, much of it is still going into the resources sector. The challenge of the next five years is to lay the basis for greater diversification based on countries’ comparative advantage. The time has certain-ly come for Africa to start talking about what it is going to do for itself,” Gordhan said.

He added that Africans should take advantage of the increased

confidence and interest in the continent by negotiating better terms of trade. However, he cautioned that the new self-confidence now evident in Afri-ca itself should not lead to hu-bris.

Although according to the World Bank, almost half of Afri-ca’s countries have attained mid-dle-income status, at the same time, the continent’s positive outlook is threatened by fluctu-ating commodity prices, rising inequality and youth unemploy-ment.

AFRICA FIRST… African Union Chairperson Dr Nkosazana Dlamini Zuma at the World Economic Forum.

ADZILIWI NEMATANDANI

PICTURE: GCIS

BILATERAL… President Jacob Zuma holds bilateral talks with Benin President Bon Yayi on the margins of the World Economic Forum

April/May 2013 Volume 25

Issued by the Africa Institute of South Africa (AISA) 4

The Jubilee Year must de-clare and work fastidiously towards ensuring that Afri-ca’s entering into a com-plete post-colonial condi-tion becomes a reality.

The African Renaissance must be promoted across the globe heralding the important liberation imagi-nation thus ending post-coloniality for good.

The Jubilee year must be an opportunity to providing for Africans coming together and learning to deal with major issues in the world by responding and acting col-lectively with a single voice reflected in and by agreed policy direction and clarity.

The AU must possess clear authority to represent the collective African voice and policy in dealing with and responding to global devel-opments. Without prior AU consent, no outside author-ity should be permitted to intervene militarily in Afri-can affairs. Any African state that uses the military action against African and any other power in the

world must first go through the AU and seek the ap-proval of the AU.

All AU institutions should be upgraded from their current advi-sory roles to decision-making and transforma-tive agencies to promote African agen-cy, dignity, freedom and independ-ence.

All African states should be humble enough to recognise the AU first, com-ing before their respec-tive interna-tional alliances. One aspect that requires immediate attention is a practical and constructive response to defend Africans who face threats outside of Africa. The AU must possess this ability to defend the rights

of all Africans, Diasporas or current citizens, across the world. An insurance scheme to protect African immi-grants covering health and

pensions primarily should be set up, and the AU ac-tively must insist that Afri-cans be covered.

The AU should support the efforts by intellectuals and civil societal organisations

to systematize and sustain Pan-African Congresses. The Pan-African Congresses have gone through four phases: from 1900 to 1945

was the first Phase: from 1945 to 1963 was the second phase and the third phase is from 1963 to now. The 8th people centred African Congresses will take place in January 2014. The principle of African unity focuses first and foremost on all citizens, irrespective of their abilities or vocations.

The AU must make every effort to create the conditions for sus-tainable education so that the people of Africa know and own the AU as their very own organisa-tion. This is a process that must continue until

the final aims are reached, whilst being fully funded by African citizens.

9.The African Diaspora, both historic and current, must be attracted by cre-ating a Returning Talent

Fund and Resources (RTFR) so that all the knowledge that has been lost can be regained. Through such an action the brain drain can therefore be reversed by creating brain gain. The goodwill and sincere efforts by the global friends of Africa which numbers tens of millions should be further incorpo-rated into contributing towards African Unity and Renaissance.

There is a need to create a Pan-African Technology Institute (PATI) that will encourage the production of centres of excellence in key areas of African devel-opment, finally establishing universities with global brand distinctions. This should be part and parcel of the Pan-African University that the AU is supporting, which ought to be initiated in the Jubilee Year. In this regard the AU can promote research teams that work toward fostering inter-African research networks

The Third Tshwane Declaration: 21st May 2013 Hundreds of delegates from around the world participated in the Third Annual Scramble for African Conference. The learned delegates presented sixty papers and deep reflection on where Africa is today and where she ought to be going were clearly articulated. Building up-on the First and Second Tshwane Declarations, the delegates unanimously declared Africa’s future is bright and Africa must stand up by making all Africans to remain committed to advancing the cause of African liberation, unity and renaissance.

Continued on Page 5

Chronic youth unemployment in Africa is caused by lack of essential education Africans must decide on the best education road map in order to empower Africans globally and to liberate as well as to unify the continent. This is according to a Canadian scholar, Prof. Oscar Brathwaite. Prof. Brathwaite was presenting a paper at the Third Annual Scramble for Africa conference held at the Manhattan Hotel to mark the 50 years anniversary of the founding of the Organisation of African Unity (OAU). He argued that quality education is vital to the development of Africa and the empowerment of Africans worldwide. He further said that quality education was a foundation that determines a nation’s development. “Empirical evidence shows a critical mass of African youth experiencing chronic unemploy-ment and underemployment, because they lack the essential education, knowledge and skills to compete in the current job market,” said Prof. Brathwaite. The conference which started on 20th May sought to produce

concrete and implementable recommendations in the form of the Third Tshwane Declaration. Furthermore on education, the conference recommended that the Pan-African education curric-ulum on all key subjects must be redesigned and be consistent with the promotion of African Unity and Renaissance. They agreed that priority must be given to producing a series of textbooks, printed and electron-ic resources stemming from pri-mary education to tertiary level. More than 110 scholars who attended the conference from all corners of the world agreed that African publishing houses such as Real African Publishers that convey the richness of African contribution to world civilization must be produced in various formats and forms of expression. The recommendation also stressed that the AU should raise resources like UNESCO did to produce the series on African history on all areas of learning and training by promoting Afri-can unity and renaissance.

The Pan African Solidarity Educa-tion Network (PASEN) is one of the conference’s networks that focus on education related

matters during the conference. The conference ended on 21st May with the declaration that was passed on to the 50 Years

Pan-Africanism and the African Renaissance at the AU in Addis Ababa Ethiopia held from 25 – 27 May.

ADZILIWI NEMATANDANI

EDUCATION… Delegates at the two-day Scramble for Africa Conference left no stone unturned on edu-cation matters

PICTURE: CITY OF TSHWANE

Volume 25 April/May 2013

Issued by the Africa Institute of South Africa (AISA) 5

...the Third Tshwane Declaration across all academic fields and universities to ensure active and productive closer collaboration. The AU must create a sustainable African Research and Training Area that combines research, science seminars and policy clusters.

A Pan-African science, tech-nology, engineering, mathe-matics prize with a global distinction similar to the Nobel Fund should be es-tablished which must en-courage inter-African collab-orative networking where the prize is not given to an individual but a group of cross-country researchers or engineers that have col-laborated with the utmost merit. The Diaspora learned communities are expected to be active collaborators and partners.

The AU must endeavour to ensure the visibility of the historical achievements of Africans in order to inspire generations of Africans to replicate the achievements of their ancestors. African indigenous knowledge sys-tems must be the founda-tion for building African modernity and not copying that undermines Africa’s

achievements.

The ‘Africa for Africans’ Movement, that began after the 1776 American War of Independence and was in-spired by Ethiopianism the guiding principle of which is the celebration of African similarities by appreciating whatever differences Afri-cans have, can still contrib-ute towards African Unity and Renaissance in the 21st century. Africa must build social and trust capital along-side stronger human capital in order to manage effective-ly physical, financial and nat-ural capital. Negative brand-ing which includes corruption and massive resource flight from Africa needs to be ur-gently addressed.

The Pan-African education curriculum on all key sub-jects must be redesigned and be consistent with the promotion of African Unity and Renaissance. Priority must be given to producing a series of textbooks, print-ed and electronic resources stemming from primary education to tertiary level. In this case African publish-ing houses like Real African Publishers that convey the richness of African contribu-

tion to world civilization must be produced in various formats and forms of ex-pression. The AU should raise resources like UNESCO did to produce the series on African history on all areas of learning and training by promoting African unity and renaissance.

The African development agenda must be redesigned so that the African economy is transformed structurally from its current agricultural, mineral commodity based foundation, to an integrated inter-African innovative industrial manufacturing modern sustainable econo-my. The issue of land-grab is worrying and needs to be halted immediately. Inter-African agricultural develop-ment as a foundation for industrial development must be promoted.

Integration efforts consist of the four freedoms: labour, goods, services and capital. The AU must get its mem-ber states to promote the free movement of Africans and the Diaspora. In the mean time and immediately models of issuing visas to all Africans at the point of en-try should be adopted by

the AU. Furthermore, infra-structural development linking air, land and sea transports, and communica-tion must be systematically organised and implement-ed. NEPAD must evolve as the planning agency to guide the process of sys-tematic structural transfor-mation with full authority.

Negotiations with multilat-eral agencies and major trading blocs should be con-ducted on an all-African collective, rather than on a national or regional basis.

There should be global Pan-African networks for broad-casting Pan-African develop-ments including culture, as has been established by oth-er states and international organisations. This broad-casting network should en-deavour to quickly achieve global brand recognition.

The key challenge of youth unemployment needs to be addressed at the AU level where job creation can be integrated with learning, training, innovation and entrepreneurship. The AU should establish an entre-preneurship and innovation fund for young persons, as well as a research centre

that identifies and highlights the contemporary sustaina-ble solutions to employ-ment and training challeng-es.

Recalling the fact that fifty years ago the OAU achieved its self-declared aim of de-colonization, we take over the banner of liberation and continue in our path toward realising fully and tirelessly to see Africa rightfully emerge as its own leader in the 21st century. AU must promote the Africanness identity above all identities as the best way of express-ing the rights and freedoms of the people of Africa with full dignity, confidence, self-reliance and liberation.

The Third Tshwane Declaration from South Africa should be communicated primarily to the African Union, all Africans and the many friends of Africa in the world. Drafted by a team lead by Prof. Mammo Muchie, and approved unanimously by all the academ-ics and participants from across the world that attended the Third Scramble for Africa Con-ference held in Pretoria during 20-21 May 2013.

The South African annual com-memoration of the first demo-cratic elections was held at the Union Building in Pretoria on April 27. Freedom day, as it is known, marks the end of many years of oppression, segregation and white minority rule in the southern tip of Africa.

On that day, the South African President, Jacob Zuma paid trib-ute to outstanding South African citizens and foreign nationals by bestowing them with national orders at the presidential guest-house. Amongst those who were awarded was the United States

civil rights activist Reverend Jes-se Jackson.

Reverend Jackson re-ceived the Or-der of the Companions of OR Tambo. He was awarded for dedicating his life to chal-lenging socie-ties and gov-ernments into recognising that all people are born equal, and that every-

one is equally entitled to life, liberty, prosperity and human

rights. Ahead of the awards, the Afri-ca Institute of South Africa (AISA) hosted Reverend Jack-son where he presented a pa-per titled Reflec-tions on the South African Freedom Agenda: Past, Present and

Future in a seminar which was

held at the Sheraton Hotel. In his presentation, Reverend

Jackson spoke with conviction, reminding his audience that they were free but not equal, free but not with adequate re-sources.

On that day AISA’s Chief exec-utive, Prof Phindile Lukhele-Olorunju paid homage to the South African struggle heroes and heroines. She told the semi-nar that her institute commits itself to ensuring the defence of the sacred freedom that the people of South Africa had won as a result of a long, difficult and

costly struggle. “is capable of acting as a

bridge between the academic and policymaking communities, serving in the public interest as an, arguably, independent voice that translates applied and basic policy research into a language and form that is understanda-ble, reliable, and accessible for policymakers and the general public,” said Prof Lukhele-Olorunju

Prof Lukhele-Olorunju said the event was historic because it came at a time when South Afri-cans, from all walks of life were preparing themselves to com-memorate 19 years of freedom and democracy.

“This is the time when Afri-cans, celebrating the great work that our continental body, the African Union (AU), continues to do in trying to bring a durable peace in the continent. It comes at a time when the AU, through its evolving African Peace and Security Architecture (APSA), is continuing with its strides to-wards a transformed, peaceful, secure and prosperous Africa, as demonstrated by the deploy-ment of Africa Forces in Somalia under the auspices of African Union Mission in Somalia (AMISOM),” she added.

More than 100 delegates attended the seminar. AISA was hosting Reverend Jackson for the second time in two years.

Continued from Page 5

Freedom Agenda: Past, Present and Future

We are free but not equal,

we are free but not with ade-

quate re-sources.

HUMAN RIGHTS CHAMPION… Rever-end Jesse Louis Jack-son receives the Or-der of OR Tambo in silver for dedicating his life to challenge societies and govern-ments to recognise that all people are born equal, and that everyone is in equal measure entitled to life, liberty and pros-perity.

OTSILE MALEBACO

PICTURE: GCIS

April/May 2013 Volume 25

Issued by the Africa Institute of South Africa (AISA) 6

… Africa through lens glance

BILATERAL… President Jacob Zuma holds bilateral talks with Nigerian President Good-luck Jonathan during his visit to South Africa.

ULULATION… Supporters arrive for the Presidential inauguration of Kenya's fourth President Uhuru Kenyatta held at the Kasarani sports complex in Nairobi, Kenya.

FREEDOM FOR ALL… Entertainers adorn streets in Pretoria during the Freedom Day celebrations.

EDUCATION… Delegates at the third An-nual Scramble for Africa Con-ference dis-cussed many issues perti-nent for Afri-ca’s educa-tion. Over 118 delegates attended the conference from all over the continent and diaspora.

COMPANIONSHIP… Reverend Jesse Jackson addresses AISA Freedom Seminar ahead of the 2013 National Orders ceremony in Pretoria.

JUBILATION… Entertainers from different African countries perform during the 50th anniversary celebration of the African Union at the Millennium Hall in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.

LEADING THE WAY… President Jacob Zuma with Nigerian President Goodluck Jonathan, President of South Sudan Salva Kirr and Democratic Republic of Congo President Joseph Kabila Kabange and other African heads of states at the inauguration ceremony of Uhu-ru Kenyatta held at the Kasarani sports complex in Nairobi, Kenya.

Volume 25 April/May 2013

Issued by the Africa Institute of South Africa (AISA) 7

REGIONAL COOPERATION… Minister of International Relations and Coop-eration Maite Nkoana-Mashabane at the Southern African Development Community (SADC) Summit held on the side-lines of the African Union 21st Ordinary Session of the African Union Assembly in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.

DINING FOR AFRICA… Minister of Arts and Culture, Paul Mashatile flanked by AISA staff at the Africa Day Gala Dinner held at the Sandton Convention Centre in May.

FINDING SOLUTIONS FOR AFRICA’S DEVELOPMENTAL CHALLENGES… Delegates at the third An-nual Scramble for Africa Conference held in Manhattan Hotel many issues pertinent for Africa’s development. Over 118 delegates attended the conference from all over the continent and dias-pora.

MANDELA LEGACY… Deputy President Kgalema Motlanthe hands over the refurbished premises and archival facilities of the Nelson Mandela Centre of Memory to Sophia Williams-De Bruyn in Jo-hannesburg.

REBIRTH OF THE CONTINENT… Minister in the Presidency Trevor Manuel during the 15th African Renaissance conference held at the Inkosi Albert Luthuli International Convention Centre in Durban, KwaZulu-Natal

BLESSED HANDS THAT GIVETH… Executive Director of the African Centre for the Constructive Resolu-tion of Disputes (ACCORD), African Union Commission Chairperson Nkosazana Dlamini Zuma, KwaZu-lu-Natal Premier Dr Zweli Mkhize and Ambassador Billy Modise during the gift handover at the AC-CORD House in Durban.

April/May 2013 Volume 25

Issued by the Africa Institute of South Africa (AISA) 8

We pledge to take proactive action to end child abuse ADZILIWI NEMATANDANI

According to Save the Children South Africa, millions of children around the world are in danger of abuse, neglect, exploitation and violence – at home, in school, in the community or during humanitarian emergen-cies.

In recent years, South Africa has seen an increase in children migrating from Zimbabwe, Mozambique, Lesotho and Swa-ziland, to seek a better life. Some children migrate without an adult caregiver.

Since 2010, Save the Children South Africa’s focus has been on strengthening coordination be-tween key government depart-ments and civil society organisa-tions, as well as building the ca-pacity of duty bearers tasked with making decisions in the best in-terests of children who migrate.

The organisation has increased awareness amongst local com-munities on the invisibility of children on the move, especially girls, and their particular vulner-ability to exploitation and abuse, as well as the need for better protection for local vulnerable children.

The South African Department of Social Development launched the 2013 National Child Protec-tion Week (CPW) at the Durban International Convention Centre (ICC) on 27 May.

At the launch, Social Develop-ment minister, Bathabile Dlamini said the governments its com-mitment to continue its efforts to address violence against women and children through partnerships and effective rele-vant implementation of policies and programmes.

“We pledge to take proactive action to end the abuse, neglect and exploitation of children in our country. Today we pledge to work to identify more child vic-tims of abuse, neglect and ex-ploitation, and to help and pro-tect them.,“ she said.

Child Protection Week is com-memorated in the country annu-ally to raise awareness of the rights of children as articulated in the Children's Act of 2005. The campaign that began in 1997 also aims to mobilise all sectors of society and communities in the effort of ensuring care and protection for children.

PROTECTING INNOCENT BLOOD… Minister of Social Development Bathabile Dlamini delivers a keynote address and official opening of the conference held at Inkosi Albert Luthuli Inter-national Convention Centre in Durban.

This year the CPW was com-memorated from 27 May to 2 June under the theme, “Working Together to Protect Children”.

The launch of this year’s CPW corresponded with the opening of the Orphans, Vulnerable Chil-dren and Youth (OVCY) Confer-ence on 27 May.

The conferences served to promote and strengthen coordi-nation among different role-players providing services to orphans and other vulnerable children and youth.

This year’s conference was held under the theme “Changing Children’s Lives – What Works” and it will covered tracks on strengthening families and com-munity based responses as a support system for OVCY; peer sharing and learning about best practices for enhancing availabil-ity of high quality, timely data for policy and programmatic deci-sion making; addressing factors that render children vulnerable and exploring effective ap-proaches to build resilience; as well as showcasing best practices in strengthening coordination among key stakeholders. PICTURE: GCIS

In the past few months cases of raped children, some barely out of their nappies were reported across South Africa. In Limpopo, three toddlers aged two and five were raped in separate incidents in the Tzaneen area. According to media reports, few weeks later an eight year-old girl

died after being raped, allegedly by an uncle, at Elim outside Ma-khado while another three year-old was raped, also allegedly by an uncle in Mankweng.

In another shocking incedent, Lukhanyo High School Grade 10 pupil Keamogetswe Sefularo, was killed in an allegedly satanist

attack by fellow pupils. It was reported that Sefularo died after she was lured into the veld and stabbed, allegedly by a friend from her school.

Following the shocking preva-lence of these rape and killing incidents, the Africa Institute of South Africa (AISA) organised a

seminar on the root cause of child abuse, molestation and violence against children.

The joint seminar was ad-dressed by Dr Amelia Kleijn, an independent social worker and consultant together with AISA’s Chief Executive, Professor Phindile Lukhele-Olorunju.

Dr Kleijn’s presentation was titled, Why do some men rape babies, and according to her, it dovetails on Prof Lukhele-Olorunju’s article, It takes a vil-lage, but it starts with parents, which was also published by the Star newspaper on 12 February 2013.

Dr Kleijn’s presentation was a collection of data from the inter-view she had with incarcerated men serving correctional sen-tences for the rape of children under the age of three years.

She told the seminar that men who participated in her study had appalling parental relationships with terrible consequences.

“These men have childhood psycho-social histories associated with physical and emotional abuse, as well as neglect, experi-enced most particularly from their mothers, within a milieu of desperate poverty. Such depriva-tion and maltreatment possibly led to attachment difficulties and hampered the development of adequate resilience,” she added.

At the same breadth, Prof Lukhele-Olorunju’s presenta-tion shared the same sentiment arguing that home is the centre point of what happens later in life and that every child is born in a home and brought up by an adult.

Although Dr Kleijn’s presenta-tion focused on the rape perpe-trated by adults on children, delegates also discussed the role of parents and teachers in the safety and development of children.

Prof Lukhele-Olorunju directed thorny questions to different segments of the society.

“Have we failed to play our part as parents and guardians? How many of us can beat our chests and say we have done our best in instilling good val-ues to our children and they are fully responsible for what they become in future?

How many children can de-fend their parents in terms of being role models for them? How many parents are availa-ble for their children to engage with?” asked Prof Lukhele-Olorunju.

Dr Kleijn has done work for the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC), the Department of Social Develop-ment (DSD) as well as Khulisa Management Services.

It takes a community to protect children

FROM LEFT… AISA’s Chief Research Specialist in Governance and Security, Dr Sehlare Makgetlaneng, Dr Amelia Kleijn and AISA’s CEO, Prof Phindile Lukhele-Olorunju during the child protection seminar.

OTSILE MALEBACO

PICTURE: OTSILE MALEBACO

Volume 25 April/May 2013

Issued by the Africa Institute of South Africa (AISA) 9

CONTRIBUTORS EDITOR IN CHIEF: Prof. Phindile Lukhele-Olorunju

EDITOR: Adziliwi Nematandani

ASSISTANT EDITOR: Otsile Malebaco

LANGUAGE EDITOR AND PROOF READING:

Pamela Morwane

WRITERS IN THIS ISSUE:

Thembani Mbadlanyana

Otsile Malebaco

Adziliwi Nematandani

PHOTOGRAPHY

Otsile Malebaco

GCIS

City of Tshwane

LAYOUT:

Adziliwi Nematandani

GRAPHICS:

Otsile Malebaco

CONTACTS:

Embassy House

1 Bailey Lane

(Cnr Edmond Street)

Arcadia

Pretoria, South Africa

Switchboard: +27 12 304 9700

Tel: +27 12 304 9729/51 E-mail media@ai.org.za

The leadership of the African Union (AU) considers AIDS, Tu-berculosis, Malaria and other infectious diseases as emergen-cies requiring bold action, un-precedented levels of financial investments as well as sustained political leadership. President Jacob Zuma told the lunch meeting of the AIDS Watch Afri-ca (AWA) action committee of Heads of State and Government held in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.

The meeting was aimed at re-flecting on the progress made in the first year of the implementa-tion of the Roadmap for Shared

Responsibility and Global Solidar-ity for AIDS, TB and Malaria -2015). It was also to examine the guidelines on the implementation of the Roadmap.

President Zuma indicated that the scourge of HIV and AIDS counts amongst the major chal-lenges that have faced the Afri-can continent. He said Africa has had to contend with a significant burden of disease due to emerg-ing and re-emerging epidemics, a wide variety of communicable diseases and more recently a looming challenge of non-communicable diseases.

He however, acknowledged the progress already made. He said, over the past two decades, sig-nificant progress has been made through a wide variety of mecha-nisms at the international level such as the UN Declaration on Universal Access, the MDGs, whilst at the Regional level, the efforts have been guided by nu-merous declarations such as the Abuja Declaration, 2001, the Abuja Call to Action, the Frame-work on Sexual and Reproductive Health, amongst many others.

“Whilst a significant compo-nent of resources dedicated to

addressing these epidemics and diseases came from the develop-ment community, Africa is now in a stronger position to lead, define and drive its own devel-opment and more importantly an increasing number of African governments are increasing their domestic allocation to the health sector and in particular to the fight against HIV, AIDS, TB, Ma-laria and other diseases,” Presi-dent Zuma said.

He added that success in slow-ing down and eventually eradi-cating these diseases requires bold leadership, innovation, flex-ibility, investing in research to generate the evidence required to inform policy, robust plan-ning, precise execution and a good monitoring and evaluation framework.

According to the AU, the annu-al number of people newly in-fected with HIV in Africa has been reduced by 25% since 2001 while the number of children acquiring HIV infection has also declined by 24% between 2009 and 2011. The number of people who died from AIDS-related causes was 32% lower in 2011 than in 2005.

Since 2001, nearly 13 million people in Africa have been reached with TB treatment while the burden of malaria in Africa is down by one third, and eight countries are already achieving the targeted reduction of 75% in the incidence of malaria since 2000.

The scourge of HIV/AIDS still poses a bigger challenge on Africa

AFRICA UNITE… President Jacob Zuma is ushered to a multipurpose hall for a working lunch at the African Union headquarters in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.

ADZILIWI NEMATANDANI

PICTURE: GCIS

Editors: Tuntufye Mwamwenda and Phindile Lukhele-Olorunju ISBN: 978-0-7983-0371-2 Size: 240mm x 170mm Extent: 700 Pages Availability: May 2013 Price: R275.00 Published: AISA

The Triumph and Prosperity of Education in Africa examines education in the continent of Africa for the past thirty years, with emphasis on the two dec-ades, when Ministers of Educa-tion of the African Union (AU) made various resolutions and goals of what they want achieved at four various levels of the education system, namely early childhood development,

primary, secondary and universi-ty education. Such resolutions and goals were made in light of Africa’s social, political, econom-ic and national development.

The book was put together with an emphasis to examine the ex-tent to which such goals and reso-lutions were being reached in light of the deadline of the year 2015, set for the world millenni-um development goals (MGDs). Moreover, special attention was paid to the following important aspects: education language poli-cy as a medium of instruction; human capital flight as reflected in the brain drain in Africa; and indigenous knowledge systems.

Twenty-two African scholars from fifteen African countries of

the five regions of the continent examine the state of the educa-tion system in different countries.

The book exposes the enor-mous strides that Africa has made at all levels of the educa-tion system – early childhood education, primary, secondary and higher education levels. It is recommended that all Africans and people from other countries read this book in order to appre-ciate the strides Africa has made in transforming the education system and advancing its people. To Order Contact: Africa Institute of South Africa Tel: +12 304 9700 Fax: +12 323 8153 Email: publish@ai.org.za

TRIUMPH AND PROSPERITY OF EDUCATION IN AFRICA

Tel: +27 12 304 9700 Fax:+27 12 323 8153 Email: ai@ai.org.za Website: www.ai.org.za

Embassy House 1Bailey Lane Arcadia Pretoria

Africa Institute of South Africa PO Box 630 Pretoria South Africa 0001