5. Tools&Platform
Transcript of 5. Tools&Platform
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TOOLS ANDENVIRONMENTUSED
APPLICATION : DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
(STUDENT INFORMATION SYSTEM)
OPERATING SYSTEM : WINDOWS XP (Professional)
FRONT END /GUI TOOLS : VISUAL BASIC 6.0(Professional)
RDBMS/BACK END : ORACLE 8i
ODBC DRIVERS : (I) MICROSOFT ODBC FOR ORACLE
(II) ORACLE ODBC DRIVER
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ABOUTWINDOWS XPFeatures
Business Value: The Windows XP goes through beyond providing the
essential, such as File, Print and communication. It is engineered specifically
to let companies reliably and economically use emerging technologies to
improve business profitability and increase their agility in an ever-changing
market place.
Flexible Integration: You can deploy new servers into your existing network
one at a time, upgrade individual NT4.0 servers, upgrade top down through
out your organization or any where in between. You can add Windows NT 4.0
Servers to your existing Windows XP, Novell Netware or UNIX Based
Environments as see immediate improvements in performance, reliability and
manageability.
A faster operating system: Windows XP includes tools that help your
computer run faster than Windows 95 and Windows 98 without adding new
hardware. Windows XP includes a suite of programs designed to optimize your
computers efficiency, especially when used together.
Maintenance wizard: Maintenance wizard helps us get the best performance
from our system. We can run Maintenance wizard to make our programs run
faster, check our hard disk for problems, and free hard disk space. By
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scheduling these utilities to run on a regular basis, we can make sure that our
computer is performing at its best. For example, by leaving our computer on
overnight, we can schedule them to run at a specified time each night, once a
week, or another interval of our choice. For more information about
Maintenance wizard.
Disk Defragmenter: Disk Defragmenter optimizes the speed with which our
programs load and run. With quick startup and shutdown, we can work, play
games, and explorer the Internet faster and more efficiently.
Entertainment with XP: Windows XP makes our computer more entertaining
by introducing new features such as enhanced television, video playback, and
support for new hardware such as digital cameras, CD writers etc. These
enhancements provide us with hours of fun.
New hardware and graphics: Windows XP supports a variety of new
hardware devices, such as DVD, force-feedback joysticks, digital audio
speakers, digital cameras, scanners, CD writers and recording devices.
Improved plug and play capabilities make installing new hardware even easier.
We can also enjoy improved graphics, especially 3-D graphics, and video
playback.
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Windows XP supports the following hardware standards
Using USB devices: USB defines a class of hardware that makes it easy to
add serial devices to our computer. USB support is built to the WDM
specification so that future updates of Windows will support current drivers.
Using IEEE 1394 devices: IEEE 1394 defines a class of hardware that
makes it easy to add serial devices to our computer
Accelerated Graphics Port (AGP): A new interface specification that is
designed especially for the throughput demands of 3-D animation
Using DVD Player to play DVD discs: With DVD Player, we can play DVD
discs from a DVD drive connected to our computer.
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ABOUTORACLE8iOracle 8i
Oracle is structured query language (SQL), is the set of commands that
all program and users must use to access data within the Oracle Database.
Application program and Oracle tools often allow users to access the data base
without directly using SQL, but, these application in turn must use SQL when
Executing the users request.
History of SQL
The paper, A relational model of data for large shared data
banks by Dr. E F Codd, was published in June 1970 in the association of
Computer Machinery (ACM) journal, communication of the ACM. Codds Model
is now accepted as the Definitive Model for relational Data base management
System (RDBMS). The Language, Structured English Query Language
(SEQUEL) was developed by IBM corp., to use Codds Model. SEQUEL later
became SQL. In 1979, Relational Software Inc. (now ORACLE Corp.)
introduced the first commercially available implementation of SQL. Today SQL
is accepted as the standard RDBMS language.
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Oracle 8i Features
Oracle 8i can handle ten times more data and ten times more users than
Oracle 8i by providing unprecedented scalability using network technology to
support tens of thousands of users. Oracle 8i can deliver speed and
performance for any user population while lowering the cost of the computing
infrastructure. Oracle 8i, the worlds most powerful object-relational database
is the heart of the open, standards-based Network Computing Architecture.
Network Computing Architecture allows IT organizations to spend less time
struggling with interoperability issues and more time focusing on deploying
solutions. Standards-based network architectures make it possible to
introduce objects into mainstream enterprise environments. Oracle 8is
development environment allows users to ease into object-relational
functionality while providing the industrial strength properties required by
network-based applications. Furthermore, because existing applications are
upward-compatible to Oracle 8i, investment protection in your legacy
applications is assured. Oracle 8i also provides Object Views, a unique object-
relational functionality within Oracle 8i, allowing object-oriented applications
to integrate with relational data, eliminating the need to rewrite existing
relational applications.
Platform Independent
Network based architectures involve multiple hardware and software
platforms and Oracle 8i delivers on all the major platforms, including UNIX
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and NT. Enterprises that explorer the competitive advantages of network
computing will soon discover that Oracle 8is data management, security,
reliability, and ease of use, is uniquely designed to meet the new demands of
the network era. For mainframe systems, parallel servers environments, or
desktops, Oracle 8i is the database of choice.
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ABOUTVISUALBASICHistory of Visual Basic
Visual Basic evolved from BASIC (Beginners All-purpose Symbolic
Code). Prof. - John Kemeny and Thomas Kurtz of Dartmouth College as a
language for writing simply programs developed BASIC in the mid-1960s.
BASICs primary purpose was to held people how to program. The wide spread
use of BASIC with various types of computer and led to many enhancement to
the language. With the development of the Microsoft Windows Graphical User
Interface (GUI) in the late 1980s and the early 1990s, the natural evolution of
BASIC was Visual Basic. Microsoft Corporation creates Visual Basic in 1991.
Visual Basic greatly simplifies Windows Application development. Since 1991
six versions have been released. In year 1990s Visual Basic 1.0 version was
released. Visual Basic 2.0 version was faster, more powerful and even easy to
use than Visual Basic 1.0 version. Visual Basic 3.0 added simply way to control
the most powerful database. Visual Basic 4.0 version being to turn Visual Basic
into a fully object oriented language. Visual Basic 5.0 version added the ability
to male our own controls. Visual Basic 6.0 version has added some long
desired language features even more Internet power. Visual Basic is worlds
most widely used Rapid Application Development Language.
Features of Visual Basic
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The Visual Basic language facilitates a structured and disciplined
approach to computer program design. Visual Basic is a GUI, therefore the
programmer creates the GUI and writes code to describe what happens when
the user interact with the GUI. A programmer can create application in Visual
Basic with impressive representation. The important features of Visual Basic
are summarized below:
Visual Basic is an event driven programming language.
Visual Basic is a Graphical User Interface.
Visual Basic provides a strong set of Data types. It provides powerful
graphical facility.
There is different type of control structure available in Visual Basic
and efficient looping commands.
Visual Basic has a debugging and error handling facility.
Visual Basic enables us to end the program of drop into the debugger
for isolation and repair.
Visual Basic as a Front end
Visual Basic is a powerful programming system for developing
sophisticated, graphical applications for Microsoft Windows environment. Its
productivity has been enhanced by addition of a complete set of tools to
simplify rapid application development and Internet tackling.
What exactly is Visual Basic? Visual refers to the method used to
create the graphical user interface (GUI), which uses illustration, rather than
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writing numerous lines of code to describe the appearance, function and
location of interface elements. Basic refers to the BASIC programming
language, a widely preferred language by many programmers for its
simplicity. Visual Basic has evolved from the original BASIC language and now
contains several hundred statements, functions, and keywords, many of which
relate directly to the Windows GUI.
With the release of Visual Basic 6, it is possible to work with ADO
(ActiveX Data Objects) which features a simpler object model than DAO or
RDO. Data Environment is a new ActiveX designer that enables the user to
visually manage database connection and commands.
A Visual Basic Project
A project isn't the same as an application .A project is the thing we use
to create an application, such as a "traditional" program, a Dynamic Link
Library, or an ActiveX control. When we think of creating a Visual Basic
program like baking a cake: we mix ingredients together, bake them, and pull
a cake out of the oven. Similarly, we put forms, modules, and controls
together, compile them, and get a Visual Basic application. In Visual Basic, a
project is the group of all the files that make up our program. These might
include forms, modules (blocks of code not attached to a form), graphics, and
ActiveX controls. Other types of files may also be part of a project. The first
thing to keep in mind about a project is that as we create our program, each
form, module, graphic, and ActiveX control is saved as an individual file .
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TABLE: Common file types in a Visual Basic 6 project
File Type Description
FRM FormBAS Module
FRX Automatically generated file for every graphic in your project
OCX ActiveX control
CLS Class module
VBP Visual Basic project
Detailed information about all the program's files is stored in the project
file. The project file lists all the files our program uses, as well as details such
as the project name and how the IDE should be configured while we work on
this particular project. Project files have the extension VBP.
Using the Project Explorer
We can keep track of all the files in our project with the Project Explorer, a
window found on the right side of the Visual Basic IDE. The Project Explorer
provides a method to organize our project's files and allows us to access them
individually in form or code view. We can use the Project Explorer to keep
track of files in your project. Note that OCX and FRX files aren't listed in the
Project Explorer. Most of your interaction with the Project Explorer will be with
its context menu. When you right-click one of your project's files, you'll see a
menu similar to that shown in Figure 5.2. Most of the interaction with project
will be through the Project Explorer's context menu. The context menu allows
us to:
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View the file in a form window or code window
View the properties of the file
Add a form or module to the project
Save the current file
Delete the file from the project
Print the file
Make the Project Explorer float or dock it to the IDE
Hide the Project Explorer
Using Project Groups
Visual Basic 6 allows us to work with more than one project at a time. As we
might imagine, working with multiple forms and modules that are used in
different projects can get pretty confusing. To keep track of everything, we
can use the Project Explorer and aproject group, which is a collection of
projects. Project Groups can be saved as a file, just like a form, module, or
project. They have the extension .vbp
Some important terms of Visual Basic
Project: The project holds together the various forms and the module that
make up a program. Its prime purpose is that, I can open the one project file
marked with VBP (Visual Basic Project) rather than a whole set of forms and
modules.
Forms: The form is the central unit or main focus point of the Visual Basic. In
another way, I say that it take a part of the center of the screen. It is a
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window initially it appears blank on which we can place of paste control to
create our Visual Basic Application. The form can be any size or color.
Control: There are the objects which can be pasted or placed on to a form to
create our Visual Basic application. These may be TEXT BOX, COMMAND
BUTTON, CHECK BOX, LABLE etc. Properties and events can be handled vary
to suit there nature. The Visual Basic tool box contains the tool used to draw
application on our form. Each control can have code attached to it, though not
all we have. Visual Basic has by default 20 different types of control in the tool
box. In tool box the control pointer is also available but, it is not a VB control.
It works only to move to, resize other controls. The different types of controls
are as follows:
1. Text Box: The text box control provides an area to enter or
display text. Sometimes it is called edit field also. Most of the code we write
for textboxes ID to process information, user enter into them. Text can word
wrap automatically or can display a multiple line of text. The usual limit of a
text box in Visual Basic is 32,000 characters.
2. Command Button: The command button can carries out a
command or action when a user push any button or click the mouse. The idea
behind these controls is that when the user moves the mouse to the command
button and click them some assigned function executed. Whatever the task we
required to perform, we just write down the code to the command button.
These will happens when we write the event procedures that tells visual basic
how to respond to the mouse click.
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3. Label: The label control displays text, a user cannot interact with
or modify
4. Frame: The frame control provides a Visual and functional
container for control.
5. Picture Box: The Picture Box control displays bitmaps, icons or
windows metafiles. It displays text or acts as a Visual Container for other
controls.
6. Check Box: The check Box control displays a True/False or
Yes/No option. We can check any number of check boxes on a form at run
time.
7. Option Button: The Option Button control are as a part of an
option group with other option buttons displays multiple choices, from which
user can choose only one.
8. Combo Box: The Combo Box control combined a text box with
a list box. Allows a user to type in a selection or select any item from a drop
down list.
9. List Box: The list box displays a list of items that a user can
choose from.
10. Horizontal & Vertical Scroll Bars: The Horizontal & Vertical
Scroll Bars allows a user to select a value within a range of values.
11. Timer: The Timer control executes timer events at the specified
time intervals.
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12. Drive List Box: The Drive List box control displays and allows a
user to select valid disk drive from the available one.
13. Directory List Box: The directory list box control displays and
allows a user to select directories and their sub directories.
14. File List Box: The file list box control displays and allows a user
to select from a list of files of current directory.
15. Shape: The Shape control adds a rectangle, square, oval or circle
to a form.
16. Line: The line control adds a straight line segments to a form.
17. Image Box: The Image box control displays bitmaps, icons and
metafiles etc.
18i. Data: The Data control enables us to an existing database
and displays information from it on forms.
19. OLE: The OLE container embeds data into a Visual Basic
Application.
20. Pointer: The Pointer provides a way to move and resize forms and
controls.
Variables in Visual Basic
Variables are defined as the space where we store the values
temporarily when performing calculation with Visual Basic. Variables are
pieces of memory in which the computer store values that are used in
calculation. A Variable in VB can be defined by DIM:
DIM [as ]
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Where is an identifier with the following rules:
1. A variable must begin with an Alphabet.
2. Variable must not exceed 255 Characters.
3. It should be unique within the same scope which is the range from
which the variable can be referenced a procedure, a form and so on.
4. A variable name cannot contain an embedded period or embedded
type declaration character.
[As ] Clause is optional in DIM statement and may be of
type:
TypeName
Storage Size (InBytes)
Range
Integer 2 -32767 to+32767
Long 4 -21474836748 to +21474836747
Single 4 -3.02823E398 to -1.401298E-45
(Negative Values)
1.401298E-45 to 3.028i23E38 (Positive
Values)
Double 8 -1.79769313486231E308 to
-4.94065645841247E-324
4.94065645841247E-324 to
1.79769313486231E308
Currency 8 -922337203685477.5808 to
922337203685477.5807
String 1 byte per
character
0 to 2 billion characters
Byte 1 0 to 255
Boolean 2 True or False
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Date 8i 1 Jan 100 to 31 Dec 9999
Object 4 Any Object Reference
Constant: A constant is a meaningful name that not changed during the
execution. It is either system defined or user defined constants.
Operators: The symbols used within the data/object are called operators.
1. Arithmetic Operator 2. Relational Operator 3. Logical Operator
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Symbols Purpose
+ Addition
- Subtraction
*
Multiplication
/ Division
% Modulus
^ E2000onent
MOD Modulus
Symbols Purpose
= Equal To
< Less than
> Greater Than= Greater Than
Equal to
Not Equal to
Symbols Purpose
AND Logical AND
OR Logical OR
NOT Logical NOT
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1. MSGBOX: This method displays a message in a dialog box and waits for
the user to click a button and return a value indicating the button which is
clicked by user. Syntax is as follows:
MsgBox (Prompt [, Button [, Title [, Help file, Context]]])
Where: Prompt is a string expression displayed as message in the dialog box.
Button is the numeric expression displays the type of button on the
dialog box.
Title is the string expression displayed in the title bar of dialog box.
Help File denotes the help file to be used to provide context sensitive.
2. INPUTBOX: This method displays a dialog box with a message and a text
box control, and, waits for the user to enter the data and click on the
command buttons given there. The Syntax:
InputBox(Prompt [, Title [, Default [, xpos [, Ypos [, Help File,
context]]]]])
Where Prompt: The message appear in the dialog box.
Title: The Title of the dialog box
Default: The Default Input (if any)
Ypos: The coordinates of the upper left corner of the Dialog Box.
Help File: the Name of the help file.
Context: The page number within the help file.
Control Structure: Control Structure allows us to control the execution of the
program. Sometimes we face such situation where we may have to change the
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order of execution or repeat groups of statement until any specified condition
not meet. This keeps the decision structure to check whether any condition
occurred or not then direct computer to contain condition accordingly.
Branching Condition Control Statements:
1.1. IFTHENEND IF Statement
2.2. IFTHENELSEENDIF Statement
3.3. SELECT CASECASEEND SELECT Statement
Looping Conditional Control Statement:
1.1. FORNEXT Looping statement
2.2. DO WHILELOOP Statement
3.3. DOLOOP WHILE Statement
4.4. DO UNTILLOOP statement
5.5. DOLOOP UNTIL statement
MENU
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Most of the simple application of one form and several controls on can
enhance VB application by adding menus. If you want your application provide
a set of commands to users menus offer a convenient and consistent way to
group commands and an easy way to go users access them. MDI (Multiple
Document Interface) applications are used to launch their documents from a
main document as in case of WORD, EXCEL Etc.
Menu Editor of VB can be accessed from Tools menu in the Forms Design
Screen. This utility is used for creating menus. It allows us to create menus for
our application and to define their properties.
MDI APPLICATION
The multiple-document interface (MDI) allows us to create an application
that maintains multiple forms within a single container form known as Parent
From. Application such as Microsoft Excel and Word for Windows have
multiple document Interfaces.
An MDI application allows the user to displays multiple documents at
the same time with each document displays in its own window. Document
windows are contained in a parent window, which provides a workspace for all
the document windows in the application. Our application can have only one
MDI form, which contains all the applications child forms. At runtime, child
forms are displayed within the internal area of the MDI form. When a child
form is minimize it icon appeared on the MDI form.
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