55thth Lesson Lesson

By Christos N. HadjichristidisBy Christos N. Hadjichristidis

MEA CULPAMEA CULPA

Today’s 1st quote is from the Romans here is the Today’s 1st quote is from the Romans here is the Greek one: “Greek one: “Ο Τολμών Νικά Ο Τολμών Νικά (who dares, wins)”(who dares, wins)”

Revision of the course’s objectives:Revision of the course’s objectives:– No more grammatical jargon!No more grammatical jargon!– Focus on speaking & listening activitiesFocus on speaking & listening activities– Places to visit & shopping suggestionsPlaces to visit & shopping suggestions– Emphasis on the most commonly used phrasesEmphasis on the most commonly used phrases– Get you to speak Greek Get you to speak Greek ASAPASAP – Grammar will be incorporated within the activities Grammar will be incorporated within the activities

The different ways of asking ‘How The different ways of asking ‘How are you doing?’are you doing?’

SingularSingular

(Informal)(Informal)

PluralPlural

(Formal)(Formal)

MeaningMeaning Possible answersPossible answers

Τι κάνεις;Τι κάνεις; Τι κάνετε;Τι κάνετε; How are How are youyou

doing?doing?

ΚαλάΚαλά

(ευχαριστώ)(ευχαριστώ)

Πώς είσαι;Πώς είσαι; Πώς είστε;Πώς είστε; How are How are you?you?

Πολύ καλάΠολύ καλά

(ευχαριστώ)(ευχαριστώ)

Πώς πας;Πώς πας; Πώς πάτεΠώς πάτε How’s How’s everything everything with you?with you?

Έτσι κ’ έτσιΈτσι κ’ έτσι

(ευχαριστώ)(ευχαριστώ)

Countries & NationalitiesCountries & NationalitiesCountryCountry NationalityNationality

EnglishEnglish GreekGreek masculinemasculine femininefeminine

GreeceGreece ΕλλάδαΕλλάδα ΈλληναςΈλληνας ΕλληνίδαΕλληνίδα

CyprusCyprus ΚύπροςΚύπρος ΚύπριοςΚύπριος ΚύπριαΚύπρια

EnglandEngland ΑγγλίαΑγγλία ΆγγλοςΆγγλος ΑγγλίδαΑγγλίδα

WalesWales ΟυαλίαΟυαλία ΟυαλόςΟυαλός ΟυαλήΟυαλή

IrelandIreland ΙρλανδίαΙρλανδία ΙρλανδόςΙρλανδός ΙρλανδέζαΙρλανδέζα

AmericaAmerica ΑμερικήΑμερική ΑμερικανόςΑμερικανός ΑμερικανίδαΑμερικανίδα

AustraliaAustralia ΑυστραλίαΑυστραλία ΑυστραλόςΑυστραλός ΑυστραλέζαΑυστραλέζα

Scotland Scotland ΣκωτίαΣκωτία ΣκωτσέζοςΣκωτσέζος ΣκωτσέζαΣκωτσέζα

Introducing yourselvesIntroducing yourselves

You’ll be given a card stating your name, nationality and You’ll be given a card stating your name, nationality and purpose of visit. Introduce yourself to the class as follows:purpose of visit. Introduce yourself to the class as follows:

Με λένε (Με λένε (Mark/Clare) [Me lMark/Clare) [Me leene …]ne …]– I am called (Mark/Clare)I am called (Mark/Clare)

Είμαι (Άγγλος/Αγγλίδα)Είμαι (Άγγλος/Αγγλίδα) [ [iime me AAnglos/Anglnglos/AngliiTHa]THa]– I am (English [man], English [woman])I am (English [man], English [woman])

Είμαι εδώ για διακοπές/δουλείαΕίμαι εδώ για διακοπές/δουλεία [ [iime eTHme eTHoo gia gia ThiakopThiakopees/THoulis/THouliaa]]– I am here for (holidays/work)I am here for (holidays/work)

Revision of Greek numbers: 1-12Revision of Greek numbers: 1-12

00 μηδένμηδέν meeTHmeeTHeenn

11 έναένα eenana 77 επτά/επτά/

εφτάεφτά

epteptaa /eft /eftaa

22 δύοδύο dhdheeeeoo 88 οκτώ/οκτώ/

οχτώοχτώ

oktokto/o/

ohtohtoo

33 τρίατρία trtreeeeaa 99 εννέα/εννέα/

εννίαεννία

ennenneeaa//

ennienniaa

44 τέσσερατέσσερα tesseratessera 1010 δέκαδέκα THekaTHeka

55 πέντεπέντε ppeendende 1111 ένδεκαένδεκα enTHekaenTHeka

66 έξιέξι eexeexee 1212 δώδεκαδώδεκα THTHooTHekaTHeka

‘‘Dice-cards’ ActivityDice-cards’ Activity

The objective of this activity is to revise the The objective of this activity is to revise the pronunciation of Greek numbers: 0 – 12pronunciation of Greek numbers: 0 – 12– You’ll be given a set of cards or dice and you have to try You’ll be given a set of cards or dice and you have to try

to pronounce each card’s number or the numbers of the to pronounce each card’s number or the numbers of the two dice thrown and the sum two dice thrown and the sum

– Making bets is not recommended, however should you Making bets is not recommended, however should you wish to bet remember that there will be a tiny 25% fee wish to bet remember that there will be a tiny 25% fee for the house (for educational purposes of course)!for the house (for educational purposes of course)!

– Perhaps we should repeat the ‘International song Perhaps we should repeat the ‘International song competition Activity’ since it brought such good luck to competition Activity’ since it brought such good luck to Greece – well we’ll listen to the song instead!Greece – well we’ll listen to the song instead!

Lottery ActivityLottery Activity

Select six lottery numbers between 1 and Select six lottery numbers between 1 and 49 and tell the person next to you which 49 and tell the person next to you which numbers you have chosen. Your partner numbers you have chosen. Your partner notes them down in figures. You then notes them down in figures. You then change roles. Finally the two lists are change roles. Finally the two lists are compared and any discrepancies sorted. compared and any discrepancies sorted. When ready pass the numbers to me – When ready pass the numbers to me – guess two of my lucky numbers correctly guess two of my lucky numbers correctly and win two ‘Colloquial Greek’ cds (Do not and win two ‘Colloquial Greek’ cds (Do not forget to write down your name!) forget to write down your name!)

1313 ΔεκατρίαΔεκατρία (THekatr(THekatriia)a) 3030 ΤριάνταΤριάντα (tri (triaanda)nda)

1414 ΔεκατέσσεραΔεκατέσσερα (Thekat(Thekateesera)sera)

3333 Τριάντα τρίαΤριάντα τρία (tri(triaanda trnda triia)a)

1515 ΔεκαπέντεΔεκαπέντε (Thekap(Thekapeende)nde) 4040 ΣαράνταΣαράντα (Sar (Saraanda)nda)

1616 ΔεκαέξιΔεκαέξι (THeka(THekaeexi)xi) 4444 Σαράντα τέσσεραΣαράντα τέσσερα (sar(saraanda tnda teesera)sera)

1717 Δεκαεπτά/δεκαεφτάΔεκαεπτά/δεκαεφτά (Thekaept(Thekaeptaa,THekaeft,THekaeftaa))

5050 ΠενήνταΠενήντα (pen (peniinda)nda)

1818 Δεκαοκτώ/δεκαοχτώΔεκαοκτώ/δεκαοχτώ (Thekaokt(Thekaoktoo, THekaoht, THekaohtoo))

6060 ΕξήνταΕξήντα (Ex (Exiinda)nda)

1919 ΔεκαεννιάΔεκαεννιά (THekaeni(THekaeniaa)) 7070 ΕβδομήνταΕβδομήντα (evTHom(evTHomiinda)nda)

2020 ΕίκοσιΕίκοσι((iikosi)kosi) 8080 ΟγδόνταΟγδόντα (ogTH(ogTHoonda)nda)

2121 Είκοσι έναΕίκοσι ένα ( (iikosi kosi eena)na) 9090 ΕνενήνταΕνενήντα (enen(eneniinda)nda)

2222 Είκοσι δύοΕίκοσι δύο ((iikosi THkosi THiio)o) 100100 Εκατό(ν)Εκατό(ν) (ekat (ekatoo(n))(n))

““Introducing your Family” ActivityIntroducing your Family” Activity

‘‘Asking a Greek about his/her particular Asking a Greek about his/her particular place of origin & introducing your family’place of origin & introducing your family’

Needs: Needs: – Greek numbers 0-100Greek numbers 0-100– Asking questions like (Asking questions like (How many children do How many children do

you have?you have? How old are you/they) politely How old are you/they) politely – The verb to beThe verb to be– The verb to haveThe verb to have– Brief notes on articles & nounsBrief notes on articles & nouns

How old are you? (…and more)How old are you? (…and more) Be aware! Greeks ask all kinds of personal questions!!Be aware! Greeks ask all kinds of personal questions!! Πόσο χρονών είσαιΠόσο χρονών είσαι//είσαστε; – είσαστε; – (p(pooso hronso hronoon n iisese//isastisastee??))

– How old are you?How old are you? Είστε/είσαστε παντρεμένος; (Είστε/είσαστε παντρεμένος; (manman) /παντρεμένη ) /παντρεμένη

((womanwoman) – () – (iiste pandremste pandremeenosnos?? (for a man) (for a man) pandrempandremeenini?? ( for a woman) ( for a woman)– Are you married?Are you married?

Πόσα παιδιά έχετε; - (Πόσα παιδιά έχετε; - (ppoosa paiTHisa paiTHiaa eexete)xete)– How many children do you have?How many children do you have?

These are just cultural differences and the questions are These are just cultural differences and the questions are not intended to make you feel uncomfortablenot intended to make you feel uncomfortable

Differences between Greek- EnglishDifferences between Greek- English While in English the personal pronoun is always used While in English the personal pronoun is always used

together with the verb in order to distinguish the person together with the verb in order to distinguish the person that it is referring to, in Greek this is not necessary.that it is referring to, in Greek this is not necessary.The ending of the verb itself differs from the first person The ending of the verb itself differs from the first person to the second and so on, and this indicates whether the to the second and so on, and this indicates whether the speaker is referring to himself or herself, or to another speaker is referring to himself or herself, or to another person or persons:person or persons:

Sg.Sg. 11 είμαιείμαι I amI am

22 είσαιείσαι you are you are

33 είναιείναι (s)he/it is(s)he/it is

Pl.Pl. 11 είμαστεείμαστε we arewe are

22 είστεείστε you areyou are

22 είσαστεείσαστε

33 είναιείναι they arethey are

A very useful verb (I have)A very useful verb (I have)

First-conjugation verbs are those that, in their active First-conjugation verbs are those that, in their active present tense, have the stress on the last syllable of the present tense, have the stress on the last syllable of the stem (i.e.: stem (i.e.: γράφγράφωω “I write”“I write”, διαβάζ, διαβάζωω “I read”) “I read”)

Sg.Sg. 11 έχέχωω I haveI have

22 έχέχειςεις youyou

33 έχέχειει (s)he/it(s)he/it

Pl.Pl. 11 έχέχουμεουμε wewe

22 έχέχετεετε youyou

33 έχέχουνουν theythey

Activity DialogueActivity Dialogue Πως σας/σε λένε; Πως σας/σε λένε;

– What’s your name (lit: how do they call you?) (sing/pl)What’s your name (lit: how do they call you?) (sing/pl) Με λένε ΆγγελοΜε λένε Άγγελο

– I’m called AngelosI’m called Angelos Πόσο χρονών είσαι/είσαστε;Πόσο χρονών είσαι/είσαστε; (p (pooso chronso chronoon n iise/se/iisaste?)saste?)

– How old are you?How old are you? Είμαι 42Είμαι 42 ( (χρονών)χρονών) ΈχειςΈχεις//Έχετε παιδιά; Έχετε παιδιά;

– Do you have any children?Do you have any children? Ναι έχω ένα αγόρι και ένα κορίτσιΝαι έχω ένα αγόρι και ένα κορίτσι (ne (ne eecho cho eena agna agoori ke ri ke eena korna koriitsi)tsi)

– Yes, IYes, I have ahave a (one) boy and a (one) girl(one) boy and a (one) girl Πόσο χρονών είναι;Πόσο χρονών είναι;

– How old are they?How old are they? Ο Μάρκος είναι 15 και η Φανή Ο Μάρκος είναι 15 και η Φανή ((είναιείναι)) 11 χρονών 11 χρονών

– Mark is fifteen and Fanny is eleven years oldMark is fifteen and Fanny is eleven years old

Where are you from?Where are you from?

Από πού είσαστε/είστε; (Από πού είσαστε/είστε; (apo pu apo pu iisaste/saste/iiste?)ste?)– Where are you from? (plural, polite plural)Where are you from? (plural, polite plural)

Από πού είσαι;Από πού είσαι; (apo pu ise?) (apo pu ise?)– Where are you from? (singular, informal)Where are you from? (singular, informal)

Or if you want to be more specificOr if you want to be more specific– Ποια είναι η ιδιαίτερη πατρίδα σας; (Ποια είναι η ιδιαίτερη πατρίδα σας; (pia ine i iTHieteri pia ine i iTHieteri

patriTHa sas?)patriTHa sas?)– Which is your (particular) homeland? OrWhich is your (particular) homeland? Or– Which is your (particular) place of origin?Which is your (particular) place of origin?

‘‘Particular’ in Greek has dual meaning: (special, Particular’ in Greek has dual meaning: (special, private) private)

I am from …I am from …

Είμαι από Είμαι από

Object Object (Accusative (Accusative case)case)

τοντον Πόρο Πόρο

τοτο Λαγκαδά Λαγκαδά

τηντην Αθήνα Αθήνα

τητη Τζια Τζια

τοτο Πήλιο Πήλιο

τοτο Ναύπλιο Ναύπλιο

... or ... or ((Athens) is my (particular) Athens) is my (particular) homelandhomeland

είναι η ιδιαίτερη πατρίδα μουείναι η ιδιαίτερη πατρίδα μου

Subject Subject (Nominative (Nominative case)case)

οο Πόρο Πόροςς

o o ΛαγκαδάΛαγκαδάςς

ηη Αθήν Αθήναα

ηη Τζι Τζιαα

τοτο Πήλι Πήλιοο

τοτο Ναύπλι Ναύπλιοο

Some useful observationsSome useful observations In Greek a noun (i.e.: the word In Greek a noun (i.e.: the word CanadianCanadian in the phrase I in the phrase I

am Canadian) has to be written differently when it denotes am Canadian) has to be written differently when it denotes different gender:different gender:– Είμαι ΚαναδΕίμαι Καναδόςός – I am – I am CanadianCanadian (man) (man) – Είμαι ΚαναδΕίμαι Καναδέζαέζα – – I am I am CanadianCanadian (woman) (woman)– That means that Greek nouns are inflected for genderThat means that Greek nouns are inflected for gender

In Greek a noun has to be written also differently when is In Greek a noun has to be written also differently when is being used as an object being used as an object thanthan as a subject: as a subject:– Είμαι από Είμαι από τον Καναδάτον Καναδά – – I am from I am from CanadaCanada– Ο ΚαναδάςΟ Καναδάς είναι η πατρίδα μου είναι η πατρίδα μου – – CanadaCanada is my homeland is my homeland– That means that Greek nouns are inflected for case alsoThat means that Greek nouns are inflected for case also

In Greek a noun is almost always preceded by an article (the). In Greek a noun is almost always preceded by an article (the). The noun and the preceding article have to agree in gender, The noun and the preceding article have to agree in gender, case and number.case and number.

Some forms of the definite articleSome forms of the definite article

SingularSingular

MM FF NN

NominativeNominative οο ηη τοτο

AccusativeAccusative το(ν)*το(ν)* τη(ν)*τη(ν)* τοτο

* Has a ν ending when the word immediately following begins with a vowel or with any of the following consonants/consonant combinations: κ, π, τ ,γκ, μπ, ντ, ξ, ψ

How on Earth we can guess the How on Earth we can guess the gender of a given Greek noun?gender of a given Greek noun?

Some tips:Some tips: All masculine nouns (nominative/singular) All masculine nouns (nominative/singular)

ends in ends in ““ςς”” Almost all feminine nouns end in either “Almost all feminine nouns end in either “αα or or

ηη”” Most neuter nouns end in “Most neuter nouns end in “ο, ι, ο, ι, oror μα μα”” Of course, there are exceptions, and there Of course, there are exceptions, and there

are those words ending in are those words ending in ““οςος””, which can , which can be any gender. be any gender.

Ordering in a cafeteriaOrdering in a cafeteria Τι θα πάρετε/πάρεις παρακαλώ; (Τι θα πάρετε/πάρεις παρακαλώ; (ti tha pti tha paarete/prete/paaris ris

parakalparakaloo))– What will you have (take)?What will you have (take)?

Τι θα θέλατε παρακαλώΤι θα θέλατε παρακαλώ (ti tha th (ti tha theelate parakallate parakaloo))– What would you like?What would you like?

Έχετε εξυπηρετηθεί? (Έχετε εξυπηρετηθεί? (eehete exipiretithhete exipiretithi)i)– Have you been served/helped?Have you been served/helped?

Or if it happens to deal with a not very talkative waiter:Or if it happens to deal with a not very talkative waiter: Παρακαλώ;Παρακαλώ; Yes? Yes? Or even Or even Ορίστε;Ορίστε; Yes? Yes?

Some of the most commonly used Some of the most commonly used Greek verbsGreek verbs

Sg.Sg. 11 θέλθέλωω II wantwant

22 θέλθέλειςεις you wantyou want

33 θέλθέλειει (s)he/it is wants(s)he/it is wants

Pl.Pl. 11 θέλθέλουμεουμε we wantwe want

22 θέλθέλετεετε you wantyou want

33 θέλθέλουνουν they wantthey want

Θα ήθελαΘα ήθελα ένα.......ένα.......

Θα ήθελα ένα(ν) Θα ήθελα ένα(ν) καφέκαφέ

I would like a coffeeI would like a coffee

Θα ήθελα Θα ήθελα μίαμία σαλάτα σαλάταI would like a saladI would like a salad

Θα ήθελα Θα ήθελα έναένα παγωτό παγωτόI would like an ice-creamI would like an ice-cream

Essential vocabulary for the ‘Cafeteria Essential vocabulary for the ‘Cafeteria

ActivityActivity’’λεμονάδαλεμονάδα Make a wild Make a wild

guess!guess!ΟυίσκιΟυίσκι

ΠορτοκαλάδαΠορτοκαλάδα OrangeadeOrangeade ΜεταξάΜεταξά

Χυμός Χυμός πορτοκάλιπορτοκάλι

Fresh Fresh orange juiceorange juice

Ελληνικός Ελληνικός καφέςκαφές

Greek Greek coffeecoffee

ΣόδαΣόδα ΠαγωτόΠαγωτό Ice creamIce cream

ΚόκαΚόκα κόλακόλα Make a wild Make a wild guess!guess!

ΣοκολάταΣοκολάτα

ΖεστήΖεστή

Hot Hot chocolatechocolate

ΜπύραΜπύρα beerbeer Γιαούρτι Γιαούρτι με μέλιμε μέλι

Yogurt with Yogurt with honeyhoney

The Greek coffeeThe Greek coffee

The Greek coffee is traditionally served in The Greek coffee is traditionally served in small cups with the sugar already added small cups with the sugar already added before the coffee is served. So you are before the coffee is served. So you are mainly left with the following choices:mainly left with the following choices:

βαρύς γλυκόςβαρύς γλυκός strong and very strong and very sweetsweet

γλυκόςγλυκός sweetsweet

μέτριοςμέτριος medium sweetmedium sweet

σκέτοςσκέτος no sugar addedno sugar added

Ordering ActivityOrdering Activity

One person starts by saying ‘I’ll have’ and adding an item One person starts by saying ‘I’ll have’ and adding an item of his choice as if s/he were ordering something in a café, of his choice as if s/he were ordering something in a café, e.g.e.g.

Θα πάρω έναν καφέ Θα πάρω έναν καφέ The person on his/her left continues by repeating the The person on his/her left continues by repeating the

original order and adding an item of his/her own choice, original order and adding an item of his/her own choice, e.g. e.g.

Θα πάρω έναν καφέ και μία πορτοκαλάδαΘα πάρω έναν καφέ και μία πορτοκαλάδα The activity continues clockwise around the group, each The activity continues clockwise around the group, each

learner adding another item to the order for as long as the learner adding another item to the order for as long as the learners are able to sustain the orders.learners are able to sustain the orders.

Accepting or Refusing a drinkAccepting or Refusing a drink

A: A: Θα πάρετε/πάρεις ένα ουζό Θα πάρετε/πάρεις ένα ουζό – Will you have an ouzo?Will you have an ouzo?

ΑΑ: : Ναι ευχαριστώ/ Όχι ευχαριστώΝαι ευχαριστώ/ Όχι ευχαριστώ– Yes thanksYes thanks

A: A: Όχι ευχαριστώΌχι ευχαριστώ, , θα πάρω μια μπύραθα πάρω μια μπύρα– No thanksNo thanks, , I’ll have a beerI’ll have a beer

Α&ΒΑ&Β: : Στην υγειά σας/σουΣτην υγειά σας/σου Cheers! To your health! (formal/informal) Cheers! To your health! (formal/informal)

How much …?How much …? Πόσο κάνΠόσο κάνειει αυτ αυτόό; (; (ppooso kso kaani aftni aftoo?)?)

– How much is it?How much is it? Κάνει 6 ευρώ (Κάνει 6 ευρώ (kkaani ni eexi evrxi evroo))

– It’s 6 eurosIt’s 6 euros Πόσο κάνΠόσο κάνουνεουνε αυτ αυτάά ( (ppooso kso kaanune aftnune aftaa?)?)

– How much are they?How much are they? Κάνουνε 8 ευρώ και 50 λεπτά (Κάνουνε 8 ευρώ και 50 λεπτά (kkaanune nune

ochtochtoo evr evroo ke pen ke peniinda leptnda leptaa))– They are 8 euros and 50.They are 8 euros and 50.

Some forms of the definite articleSome forms of the definite article

SingularSingular PluralPlural

MM FF NN MM FF NN

NominativeNominative οο ηη τοτο οιοι οιοι τατα

Essential vocabulary for the ‘Price ActivityEssential vocabulary for the ‘Price Activity’’βούτυροβούτυρο butterbutter κρέαςκρέας meat meat

ελιέςελιές olivesolives σταφύλιασταφύλια grapesgrapes

ψωμίψωμί breadbread ντομάτεςντομάτες tomatoestomatoes

λεμόνιαλεμόνια lemonslemons γιαούρτιγιαούρτι yoghurtyoghurt

φέταφέτα Make a wild Make a wild guess!guess!

μήλομήλο appleapple

κρασίκρασί winewine πορτοκάλιπορτοκάλι orangeorange

Essential vocabulary for the ‘Price ActivityEssential vocabulary for the ‘Price Activity’’ΕφημερίδαΕφημερίδα newspapernewspaper τηλετηλε--κάρτακάρτα Make a wild Make a wild

guess!guess!

τσιγάρατσιγάρα Make a wild Make a wild guess!guess!

ΑντιηλιακήΑντιηλιακή κρέμακρέμα

Sun-tan Sun-tan lotionlotion

ΑσπιρίνεςΑσπιρίνες Make a wild Make a wild guess!guess!

φιλμφιλμ Make a wild Make a wild guess!guess!

ΓραμματόσημαΓραμματόσημα stampsstamps αναψυκτικάαναψυκτικά refreshmentsrefreshments

περιοδικάπεριοδικά magazinesmagazines καπέλοκαπέλο hathat

βιβλίαβιβλία A bit hard to A bit hard to guessguess

μπισκόταμπισκότα biscuitsbiscuits

Shopping Activity’Shopping Activity’