5. Ectoparasites
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Transcript of 5. Ectoparasites
7/27/2019 5. Ectoparasites
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ECTOPARASITESParasitology Department
Medical Faculty of USU
7/27/2019 5. Ectoparasites
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Ectoparasites
General
Definition:
parasites which live on the surface of a
host and are dependent on at least one
gene or its product from that host to
complete their own life cycle
(Dr.Clive Bennet 1998)
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Ectoparasites
General
Ectoparasite infestations are often seen in
pediatric patients
Typical infestations result from arthropods
such as: Mites, Lice, Bugs, and Flea
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Mites
There are some arthropoda belonging to
order Arcarina such as, Itch mites(Sarcoptes scabies), and harvest mites/ red
bug mites (Trombiculidae).
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Itch Mites(Sarcoptes Scabies)
features
Adult female: ± 0.4mm long
It burrows into stratum corneum layer of skin
Eggs: laid in burrows, glossy, white andsmooth, lays2-3 eggs/day; hatch in 3-4 days
Larvae grise to skin surface and mature in14 to 17 days.
Adult females: life span 30 days
Adult male: dies shortly after mating
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Scabies
features
Gravid female scabies mite
Burrow of Sarcoptes
consisting adult female
and eggs
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Scabies
Epidemiology
Transmissions:
Close contact such
as; holding hands,
sharing towel, clothingor bedding
Personal contact:
sleeping together,sexual
Breeding environments:
In overcrowded living
conditions
Elderly nursing homes
In school children
playing together
Roommates Sexual patrners
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Human scabies
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Scabies
Prevention
Avoid sharing personal stuff
Check family members
Clothing and underwear should changed
regularly
Have regular bathing
Keep all bedding well laundered
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Harvest Mites (Red bug mites)/
Trombiculidae
General
Infected stage is the
larvae as known
chiggers
Chiggers attach theskin of a host and
bite, causing a wheal
of intense itching and
severe dermatitis.
Some species are
vectors of the
rickettsiae that
causes scrub typhus.
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Lice
Features
Ordo pthiraptera;subordo: anoplura
Dorso-ventrally
flattened bodies
wingless Permanent
ectoparasites of mammals: sucking
blood Nocturnal feeding
Those parasitic tohumans are: bodylouse, head louse and
pubic louse
Lice live on the bloodof a host, obtained bypiercing the skin andsucking the bloodthrough their mouthparts.
The area bittenbecomes itchy andinflammed, and ofteninfected fromscratching
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Body Louse
General
Due to: Pediculushumanus corporis
Body lice are found
on the body andclothing or beddingused by infestedpeople. Occasionally
eggs are attached tobody hair
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Body Louse
Adult female louse her can lay up to 150 eggs aday during 20-day adultlife span.
Eggs hatch in 7-10 days,and the larvae matureinto adults in 9 days
Lives and lays eggs inthe seams (layers) of clothing
The adult louse emergesfrom clothing to take ablood meal, usually atnight.
Lives and lays eggs
in the seams
(layers) of clothing
The adult louse
emerges from
clothing to take ablood meal, usually
at night
General Epidemiology
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Body Louse
Medical important
Dermatitis
Vector of diseases:
o Trench Fever:
o Louse borne
epidemic typhus
o Louse borne
relapsing fever
Transmission:
o Fecal
contamination
o Body crushingo Physical contact
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Body Louse
Prevention and control
Personal hygiene
Changing and washing the clothing in water
hotter than 60ºC, preferably followed byironing
Permethrin in lotion, shampoo, emulsion, and
powder
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Head Louse
General
Due to: Pediculus humanus capitis
Definition: parasitic insectsm found on the
heads of people
Commonly found on the scalp, behind the ears
and near the neckline at the back of the neck.
Children 3-10 years are commonly affected
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Head Louse
General
The adult female louse
lays 7 to 10 eggs daily in
egg casings (nits) that
are cemented to the baseof hair shafts
Eggs hatch in 8 to 10
days, mature in 8 to 15
days, and live 9 to 30
days as adult
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Head Louse
epidemiology
Transmission: head to head contact iscommon during play at school and at home;
Wearing clothing, such as hat, scarves, coats etc
Using infested combs, brushes, or towels Lying on a bed, couch, pillow, carpet that has
recently been in contact with an infested person
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Head Louse
Medical important
o Itchy
o Erythema
o Discomforto Secondary infection:
o Vagabond’d disease: darkened, thickened
skin (hyperceratination)o Plica polonica: exudate, fungus grow, a fetid
odor
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Head Louse
Prevention and control
o Personal hygiene
o Regularly washing with soap and
warm water o Regularly combing with ordinary
comb
o Permethrin in lotion, shampoo, emulsion, andpowder
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Pubic louse
Due to: Pthirus pubis
Dwells primarily:pubic region
But it also be foundin armpits and rarelyin beards,mustaches,
eyebrows andeyelashes
Medical important:intense pruritis
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Bugs/ Cimex lectularus
General
It belongs to ordoHemiptera
Wingless
Reddish brown Nocturnal feeders
Thermal sensitive, thermaldeath point is 44-45ºC
After blood meal (10-15mins) retreats to itshiding place
Able to suffer long fasts
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Bugs/ Cimex lectularus
Epidemiology
Can live without any food
for over a year
Migrate from empty house
for inhabited area Active in warm climate and
hibernate in cold weather
Public transportations and
public gathering places arecommon avenues for the
dissemination of bed bugs
Carried easily in clothing,
traveling bags, suitcases,
and laundry
The bite itself is notpainful but erythema and
itching develop later
(swelling and irritation)
No convincing evidencethat it is a vector of any
human or animal
pathogen
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Wings are absent
Flattened laterally
Three pairs of legs for
jumping (specialized)
Varying in color from light to
dark brown
Both sexes of fleas takeblood-meals
Immature stages are free
living
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After taking blood-meals, females fertilized,
burrows into the skin where it is soft.
(such as: toes, foot, soft skin around thegenital region)
People habitually sitting on the ground
(children); the buttock may often be
infected
On the biting site will be very itchy and
inflamed, secondary infections (ulcer &
pus)
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FLEAS
EPIDEMIOLOGY
• Transmitter of
bubonic plague:
caused by Yersinia
pestis ( Disease of rodents; human
secondarily
infected). Mostimportant species:Xenopsylla cheopis .
Transmitter of
Typhus: Murine
Typhus or flea-
borne typhus.Caused by
Rickettsia mooseri .
Infection fromfeces/crushed
bodies of infected
fleas
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FLEAS
Medical important
section female tunga
PENETRATES THE SKIN
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