5 2 2018-NAPS-07 Perforating for Hydraulic Fracturing Next ...
Transcript of 5 2 2018-NAPS-07 Perforating for Hydraulic Fracturing Next ...
![Page 1: 5 2 2018-NAPS-07 Perforating for Hydraulic Fracturing Next ...](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042122/625844e8bb920b46b53d102c/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
2018-NAPS-07AUTHOR:JimGilliatPerforatingProductChampionBakerHughes,aGECompany
PerforatingforHydraulicFracturingNextGenerationTechnologiesforUnconventionalCompletions
![Page 2: 5 2 2018-NAPS-07 Perforating for Hydraulic Fracturing Next ...](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042122/625844e8bb920b46b53d102c/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Introduction
TheUltimateGoalofPerforatingUnconventionalCompletions
§ Optimizethefracturingtreatment§ Makesureproppantisdivertedintoeverycluster.§ Reduceoreliminatetortuosity§ Reduceoreliminatecompetingfracturesystems
NAPS-07-18/PerforatingforHydraulicFracturing
![Page 3: 5 2 2018-NAPS-07 Perforating for Hydraulic Fracturing Next ...](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042122/625844e8bb920b46b53d102c/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Introduction
NAPS-07-18/PerforatingforHydraulicFracturing
§ PropertiesAffectingtheFractureOrientationandGrowth:• RockProperties• BeddingPlanes• ArtificialBarriers• PorePressure• NetPressure
§ PerforationsareNear-WellboreFrictionSources:i. PerforationFriction,influencedby:Diameter,Numberand
Dischargecoefficientii. FractureTortuosityiii. MultipleFractures.
Perforationshaveastrongimpactonthesefactors
Current systems address (i) byoptimizing the number of shotsand diameter.
Systems to assist in reducingtortuosity, and eliminating nearwellbore multiple fracture widthrestrictions are rather limited….
![Page 4: 5 2 2018-NAPS-07 Perforating for Hydraulic Fracturing Next ...](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042122/625844e8bb920b46b53d102c/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Tortuosity
NAPS-07-18/PerforatingforHydraulicFracturing
• DeviatedWells• Slantedwell-borecausesfracturetwisting
• PoorDepthofPerforationPenetration• Verypoorwell-borecommunication
• PerforationPhasingMisalignment• phasingmissesminimumhorizontalstress
• LongPerforatedIntervals• Multiplefracturesmayinitiate
• NaturallyFracturedReservoirs• FormationsWithVeryHighLeak-off
• Createdfracturewidthtoonarrow• WhenUsingNewtonianFracturing
• Narrowwidthgeneration
![Page 5: 5 2 2018-NAPS-07 Perforating for Hydraulic Fracturing Next ...](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042122/625844e8bb920b46b53d102c/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
CausesofNearWellboreTortuosity
NAPS-07-18/PerforatingforHydraulicFracturing
Reorientationtowardspreferredfractureplane
Initiationintheannulus
InitiationofShearCracks
MultipleHydraulicfracturesCompetingforFracWidth
ConsequencesofTortuosity
• PrematureScreenOutDuetoProppantBridging
• UnabletoPumpthetreatment(PressureOut)
![Page 6: 5 2 2018-NAPS-07 Perforating for Hydraulic Fracturing Next ...](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042122/625844e8bb920b46b53d102c/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
FracOptimizedCharges
NAPS-07-18/PerforatingforHydraulicFracturing
• Uniformholesize• -improveddistributionoftreatingfluids• -reducedfrictionandtortuosity• -moreefficientsanddistribution• -assistswithcostreductions
• QuickerRampuptotreatingpressures• Reducedvariationinflowarea.
![Page 7: 5 2 2018-NAPS-07 Perforating for Hydraulic Fracturing Next ...](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042122/625844e8bb920b46b53d102c/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
FracOptimizedCharges
NAPS-07-18/PerforatingforHydraulicFracturing
• Uniformholesizeprobablydoesnotdoallthethingsthatareclaimed.
• EHDchangesveryquicklyduetoerosiononceinjectionratesareestablished,especiallythoseperforationsnearesttheplaneofprincipalstress.
• Oncethefluidstreamgoesfromturbulenttolaminarflow,theerosionwillstop.
• UniformEHDtakestheperforationoutoftheequation,afterthatit’sthereservoirthatwilldictatefracturesuccess.
• Theyprobablyhelpminimizescreenouts.
![Page 8: 5 2 2018-NAPS-07 Perforating for Hydraulic Fracturing Next ...](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042122/625844e8bb920b46b53d102c/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
FracOptimizedChargesWhyTheseSpecificEHDNumbers
NAPS-07-18/PerforatingforHydraulicFracturing
• Formostofthesoftwareusedintheindustry,thesearetheEHDnumbersusedforfracturedesign.
• AnychangeinEHDmakestheresultlookodd,ina“cookiecutter”operation,deviationfromnormalisnotagoodthing.
• Oncethefracturebegins,EHDcanincreaseinsomeperforationsbyover100%
• AssumptionsaremadeastohowmanyperforationsareactuallyopenandactualEHDatbottomholeconditions.
![Page 9: 5 2 2018-NAPS-07 Perforating for Hydraulic Fracturing Next ...](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042122/625844e8bb920b46b53d102c/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
ThisIsWhyHoleSizeisImportant
NAPS-07-18/PerforatingforHydraulicFracturing
• Themoreperforationsrequired,thegreaterthechanceforcompetingfractures,bridgingandscreenouts
![Page 10: 5 2 2018-NAPS-07 Perforating for Hydraulic Fracturing Next ...](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042122/625844e8bb920b46b53d102c/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Introduction
SoWhatisImportant?
NAPS-07-18/PerforatingforHydraulicFracturing
• Itisimportantthattheshapedchargecanpenetratebeyondthehoopstressboundaryaroundthewellbore.8-10inchesminimum.
• UniformEHDtakestheperforationoutoftheequation,sotospeak.
• It’simportanttoremembertheEHDisonlyimportantuntillaminarflowiscreated.
• Typicallyperforationswithin30⁰ofthestressplanetakethebulkofthefluidandsand.
![Page 11: 5 2 2018-NAPS-07 Perforating for Hydraulic Fracturing Next ...](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042122/625844e8bb920b46b53d102c/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
DevelopaSystem
NAPS-07-18/PerforatingforHydraulicFracturing
Develop a frac-optimized system that optimizes the fracture treatment and improvesreservoir access in unconventional wells.
Key drivers:§ Fewer perforations§ Axial consolidation of flow area and orienting the flow entry to the high side of the lateral.§ Compact and Efficient design§ Improved Reliability
![Page 12: 5 2 2018-NAPS-07 Perforating for Hydraulic Fracturing Next ...](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042122/625844e8bb920b46b53d102c/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
SystemDevelopment
NAPS-07-18/PerforatingforHydraulicFracturing
Phase HoleSizeAverage CurrentSystemHolesize
Penetration CurrentSystem
Penetration
-90° 0.3” - 1” 0.91” 4”-23” 5.0”0° 0.3” - 1” 0.33” 4”-23” 23.0”+90° 0.3” - 1” 0.91” 4”-23” 5.0”
• Gunlength18in.• Spacingbetweencharges1.4in.• Threeshapedcharges• Twobigholechargesonthesides,DeepPenetratoronthehigh-side
• GunSizes:3-1/8”and3-3/8”
+90⁰
-90⁰
0⁰
![Page 13: 5 2 2018-NAPS-07 Perforating for Hydraulic Fracturing Next ...](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042122/625844e8bb920b46b53d102c/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
FracOptimizedSystem
NAPS-07-18/PerforatingforHydraulicFracturing
VideoGoesHere
![Page 14: 5 2 2018-NAPS-07 Perforating for Hydraulic Fracturing Next ...](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042122/625844e8bb920b46b53d102c/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
CaseStudy
NAPS-07-18/PerforatingforHydraulicFracturing
Avg.FOS Avg.CON %DIFF
BreakdownSTP (psi) 9180 9498 -3.5%
Slurry rate (BPM) 56.5 50.6 10.3%
Pad STPmax (psi) 9482 9832 -3.7%
Pad& InitialProppantStage
TimetoFullRate
(min) 12.2 16.4 -35.1%
ProppantStages
Totalavg.massrate
(lb/min) 5386 5135 4.7%
Avg. slurryrate
(BPM) 94.0 90.0 4.3%
STDdevslurryrate
(BPM) 2.04 3.72 -82.3%
• Duringbreakdownstage,FOSexhibiteda300psireductioninbreakdownpressureevenata10%increaseofinjectionrate.
• 35%decreaseintimerequiredtoreachfull,asdesigned,injectionrate.
• Increaseinproppantmassrateof250lb/min.
• 4BPMincreaseinaverageslurryrateduringproppantstages
• 82%decreaseinstandarddeviationofinjectionrateduringproppantstages,indicatinganincreaseinratestability.
![Page 15: 5 2 2018-NAPS-07 Perforating for Hydraulic Fracturing Next ...](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042122/625844e8bb920b46b53d102c/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Conclusion
APerforatingStrategyisCriticaltoFracturingSuccess
§ Designthesystemtoeliminatecompetingfracturesystems
§ Usethechargethatwillpenetratepastthehoopstress§ Considerotherperforatingstrategiestooptimizethe
frac.
NAPS-07-18/PerforatingforHydraulicFracturing
![Page 16: 5 2 2018-NAPS-07 Perforating for Hydraulic Fracturing Next ...](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042122/625844e8bb920b46b53d102c/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
NAPS-07-18AUTHORS:JimGilliatBakerHughes,aGECompany
QUESTIONS?THANKYOU