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Presentation Presentation OnOn

4G-Moving Base Station4G-Moving Base StationPresentedPresented

ByBy

Raja NandiRaja NandiPartha MalakarPartha Malakar

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Table of ContentsTable of Contents1.1. 4G – An Introduction4G – An Introduction2.2. Evolution of Data StandardsEvolution of Data Standards3.3. 3G Vs. 4G3G Vs. 4G4.4. Types of MultiplexingTypes of Multiplexing5.5. Reasons for New ResearchReasons for New Research6.6. Definition Of 4GDefinition Of 4G7.7. Communication ArchitectureCommunication Architecture8.8. 4G Access Option4G Access Option9.9. Future of 4GFuture of 4G10.10. Disadvantages Of 4G.Disadvantages Of 4G.11.11. 5G 5G 12.12. ConclusionConclusion13.13. Bibliography and ReferencesBibliography and References

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4G – An Introduction4G – An Introduction 4G is not one defined technology or standard, but rather a collection of technologies at creating fully packet-switched networks 4G is not one defined technology or standard, but rather a collection of technologies at creating fully packet-switched networks

optimized for data.optimized for data.

4G Networks are projected to provide speed of 100Mbps while moving and 1Gbps while stationary.4G Networks are projected to provide speed of 100Mbps while moving and 1Gbps while stationary.

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Evolution of Data StandardsEvolution of Data Standards Zero Generation Cellular Communication (0G) Zero Generation Cellular Communication (0G)

0G refers to the zero-generation of wireless telephone technology was developed in 1970’s.

0G, or Zero Generation is the mobile telephony standard for Mobile radio telephone

Technologies used in pre cellular systems included the Mobile Telephone System (MTS), Improved Mobile Telephone Service (IMTS), and Advanced Mobile Telephone System (AMTS) systems.

Typically, the transceiver (transmitter-receiver) was mounted in the vehicle trunk and attached to the "head" (dial, display, and handset) mounted near the driver seat.

Evolution of Data Evolution of Data StandardsStandards

First Generation Cellular Communication (1G)First Generation Cellular Communication (1G)

1G refers to the first-generation of wireless telephone technology was developed in 1980’s.

1G had two major improvements:o the invention of the microprocessor o the digital transform of the control link between the phone and

the cell site.

Analog signal

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Evolution of Data Evolution of Data StandardsStandards

Second Generation Cellular Second Generation Cellular Communication (2G) Communication (2G)

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Around 1980’s

Better quality & capacity - More people could use there phones at the same time

Digital Signals – consist of 0’s & 1’s

Evolution of Data Evolution of Data StandardsStandards

Third Generation Cellular Communication (3G)Third Generation Cellular Communication (3G)

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Large capacity and broadband capabilities Allows the transmission of 384kbps for mobile

systems and up to 2Mbps Increased spectrum efficiency –5Mhz

o A greater number of users that can be simultaneously supported by a radio frequency bandwidth

o High data rates at lower incremental cost than 2G–Global roaming

3G vs. 4G3G vs. 4G

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3G 4GLess Complexity, Faster Transmission

Leading U.S. Carrier 3G EVDO network currently averages 400 to 700 Kbps with peak rates up to 2 Mbps.

International Carrier is testing 4Gcommunication at 100 Mbps while moving, and 1 Gbps while stationary.

Circuit and packet switched

3G networks which are a combination of circuit switched and packet switched networks.

4G will be based on packet switching only. This will allow low-latency data transmission.

3G vs. 4G3G vs. 4G

4G4G3G3G

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2G2G1G1G

0G0G

Types of MultiplexingTypes of Multiplexing

FDMA – Frequency Division FDMA – Frequency Division Multiple AccessMultiple Access

Each phone call is allocated Each phone call is allocated one frequency for the entire one frequency for the entire duration of the callduration of the call

FDMAFDMA is a channel access is a channel access method used in multiple-method used in multiple-access protocols as a access protocols as a channelization protocolchannelization protocol

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Types of MultiplexingTypes of Multiplexing TDMA - Time Division TDMA - Time Division

Multiple Access Multiple Access

Each phone call is allocated a Each phone call is allocated a spot in the frequency for a spot in the frequency for a small amount of time, and small amount of time, and "takes turns" being "takes turns" being transmitted.transmitted.

It allows several users to It allows several users to share the same frequency share the same frequency channel by dividing the signal channel by dividing the signal into different time slots.into different time slots.

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Types of MultiplexingTypes of Multiplexing CDMA - Code Division CDMA - Code Division

Multiple Access Multiple Access

Each phone call is uniquely Each phone call is uniquely encoded and transmitted encoded and transmitted across the entire spectrum, across the entire spectrum, in a manner known as in a manner known as spread spectrum spread spectrum transmission.transmission.

This allows several users to This allows several users to share a band of frequencies share a band of frequencies (bandwidth).(bandwidth).

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Reasons for New ResearchReasons for New Research

Even though 3G has successfully been Even though 3G has successfully been introduced to mobile users, there are introduced to mobile users, there are some issues that are debated by 3G some issues that are debated by 3G providers and users.providers and users. High input fees for the 3G service licensesHigh input fees for the 3G service licenses

Great differences in the licensing termsGreat differences in the licensing terms

3G phones are expensive3G phones are expensive

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Fourth GenerationFourth Generation

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4G4G3G3G

2G2G1G1G

0G0G

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What is 4G?What is 4G? Fourth Generation TechnologyFourth Generation Technology

Faster and more reliableFaster and more reliable 100 Mb/s 100 Mb/s Lower cost than previous generationsLower cost than previous generations Multi-standard wireless systemMulti-standard wireless system Bluetooth, Wired, Wireless Bluetooth, Wired, Wireless Ad Hoc NetworkingAd Hoc Networking IPv6 CoreIPv6 Core OFDM used instead of CDMAOFDM used instead of CDMA Potentially IEEE standard 802.11nPotentially IEEE standard 802.11n Most information is proprietaryMost information is proprietary

Enhance Mobile GamingEnhance Mobile Gaming Experience enhance wireless capabilities Experience enhance wireless capabilities

that deliver mobile gaming interaction that deliver mobile gaming interaction with less than five with less than five milliseconds.milliseconds.

Play online multiplayer games while traveling at Play online multiplayer games while traveling at high speeds or sitting outside.high speeds or sitting outside.

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Communications Architecture

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Spontaneous self organization Spontaneous self organization of networks of devicesof networks of devices

Not necessarily connected to Not necessarily connected to internetinternet

4G will create hybrid wireless 4G will create hybrid wireless networks using Ad Hoc networks using Ad Hoc networksnetworks

Form of mesh networking–Very Form of mesh networking–Very reliablereliable

Ad Hoc NetworksCommunications Architecture

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4G Access Options4G Access Options

Embed 4G technology into all Embed 4G technology into all end-user devicesend-user devices Develop mobile personal Develop mobile personal gateways gateways

Develop external interfaces Develop external interfaces with 4G peripheralswith 4G peripherals

Advantages Of 4GAdvantages Of 4G

Quickly download files over a wireless network.Quickly download files over a wireless network.

Extremely high voice quality.Extremely high voice quality.

Easily access Internet, IM, Social Networks, Easily access Internet, IM, Social Networks, streaming media, video calling, etc.streaming media, video calling, etc.

Higher bandwidth.Higher bandwidth.

4G is 10 times faster than 3G .4G is 10 times faster than 3G .

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4G-Disadvantages and 5G4G-Disadvantages and 5G New frequencies means new New frequencies means new

components in cell towers.components in cell towers. Higher data prices for consumers.Higher data prices for consumers. Consumer is forced to buy a new Consumer is forced to buy a new

device to support the 4G.device to support the 4G. It is impossible to make your current It is impossible to make your current

equipment compatible with the 4G equipment compatible with the 4G network.network.

4G is only currently available in 4G is only currently available in certain cities within the United certain cities within the United States.States.

5th generation wireless systems5th generation wireless systems) ) denote the next major phase of denote the next major phase of mobile telecommunications standards mobile telecommunications standards beyond the current 4G/IMT-Advanced beyond the current 4G/IMT-Advanced standardsstandards

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ConclusionConclusion

In this seminar I have tried to give an overview of the In this seminar I have tried to give an overview of the 4G-Technology. As with any overview, and especially 4G-Technology. As with any overview, and especially one covering a standard pages long, there are many one covering a standard pages long, there are many details missing.details missing.

I believe, however, that I gave the general flavor of 4G I believe, however, that I gave the general flavor of 4G and the philosophy behind its design.and the philosophy behind its design.

It is a fully IP-based network and will improve data It is a fully IP-based network and will improve data transfer dramatically.transfer dramatically.

In the near future, a 5G cell phone will be created In the near future, a 5G cell phone will be created along with a 5G network based on 4G technologies along with a 5G network based on 4G technologies allowing for the world to connect limitlessly.allowing for the world to connect limitlessly.

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Bibliography and ReferencesBibliography and References

The Mobile CommunicationsThe Mobile Communications         Jochen SchillerJochen Schiller

Communication System Analog & DigitalCommunication System Analog & Digital Sanjay SharmaSanjay Sharma

Communication SystemCommunication System B. P. LathiB. P. Lathi

WEBSITE:- WEBSITE:- www.authorstream.comwww.authorstream.com , , www.academia.edu.inwww.academia.edu.in and       and       https://sites.google.com/site/4gtechnology82https://sites.google.com/site/4gtechnology82

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Thanks for Patience!!!Thanks for Patience!!!