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Session I.4.4

Part I Review of Fundamentals

Module 4 Sources of Radiation

Session 4 Sealed and Unsealed Sourcesand Isotope Generators

IAEA Post Graduate Educational CourseRadiation Protection and Safety of Radiation Sources

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Overview

In this session we will discuss the characteristics of sealed and unsealed sources, and isotope generators that are used to produce radioactive material

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Sealed Source

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Sealed Source

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Sealed Source

18 mm19 mm

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Sealed Source

19 mm

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Sealed Source

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Sealed Source

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Unsealed Source

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Isotope Generators

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Parent Daughter52Fe 52mMn62Zn 62Cu68Ge 68Ga72Se 72As82Sr 82Rb

118Te 118Sb122Xe 122I

Isotope Generators

Parent Daughter128Ba 128Cs191Os 191mIr

195mHg 195mAu81Rb 81mKr178W 178Ta188W 188Re

115Cd 115mIn

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Parent Half Life Daughter Half Life66Ni 2.3d 66Cu 5.1m

69mZn 0.6d 69Zn 55m112Pd 0.9d 112Ag 3.2h115Cd 2.2d 115mIn 4.5h128Ba 2.4d 128Cs 3.6m132Te 3.2d 132I 2.3h188W 69.4d 188Re 17h

224Ra/212Pb 3.7d 212Bi 1h225Ra 14.8d 213Bi 46m

Isotope Generators

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Where to Get More Information

Cember, H., Johnson, T. E., Introduction to Health Physics, 4th Edition, McGraw-Hill, New York (2008)

Martin, A., Harbison, S. A., Beach, K., Cole, P., An Introduction to Radiation Protection, 6th Edition, Hodder Arnold, London (2012)

Attix, F. H., Introduction to Radiological Physics and Radiation Dosimetry, Wiley and Sons, Chichester (1986)

Firestone, R.B., Baglin, C.M., Frank-Chu, S.Y., Eds., Table of Isotopes (8th Edition, 1999 update), Wiley, New York (1999)