4 Monthly disease report - April 2014 · Monthly report on livestock disease trends as informally...

Monthly report on livestock disease trends as informally reported by veterinarians in South Africa

April 2014

Level of Reporting

The following practices and laboratories (94) submitted reports during April 2014:

Mpumalanga (12)

Balfour – dr. Louis van Jaarsveld

Bethal – dr. Hardus Pieters

Delmas – dr. Johan Jooste

Ermelo – dr. Gert Oosthuizen

Ermelo – dr. Ben Potgieter

Grootvlei – dr. Neels van Wyk

Lydenburg – drs. Trümpelmann and Steyn

Nelspruit – dr. André Beytell

Middelburg – drs. Fourie and Rabie

Piet Retief - drs. Niebuhr and Weber

Standerton – dr. Kobie Kroon

Volksrust – dr. André Visser

Gauteng (5)

Bapsfontein – dr. Evert Olivier

Bronkhorstspruit – drs. De Bruin, De Bruin, Rudolph and Slabber

Krügersdorp - drs. Jeffery, Van Eeden and Walker

Onderstepoort Veterinary Academic Hospital – proff. Prozesky and Shakespear, drs. Annandale, Blignaut, Carrington, Gratwick, Grobler, Harmse, Holm and O’Dell

Pretoria – dr. Hanneke Pienaar

Limpopo (6)

Bela-Bela (Warmbath) – drs. Du Toit, Hansen, Bester and Herbst

Machado (Louis Trichardt) – drs. Harris, Klopper and Jacobs

Modimolle (Nylstroom) – drs. Hüber, Bredell and Barnard

Mokopane (Potgietersrus) - dr. Henk Visser

Tzaneen – dr. Pieter Cordier

Vaalwater - dr. Hampie van Staden

North West (9)

Christiana - dr. Pieter Nel

Leeudoringstad - dr. Ian Jonker

Kuruman – dr. Gerhard vd Westhuizen

Rustenburg – drs. Gaigher, Grobler, Sparks, Van Egdom, Van Rooyen, Goosen and Van Rensburg

Schweizer-Reneke - dr. N.J. Heyns

Stella – dr. Magdaleen Vosser

Swartruggens – dr. Roselle Hartwigsen

Ventersdorp – dr. Olof Marais

Vryburg – drs. Labuschagne and De Jager

Free State (16)

Bethlehem – drs. Basson, Strydom and Strydom

Bloemfontein - dr. Stephan Wessels

Bothaville – dr. Johan Blaauw

Clocolan – drs. Marwick and Wasserman

Dewetsdorp – dr. Marike Badenhorst

Frankfort - dr. Dries Lessing

Harrismith - drs. Pretorius, Thirion and Nel

Hoopstad - dr. Kobus Pretorius

Kroonstad – drs. Daffue, Eksteen, Van Zyl and Van der Walt Ladybrand- drs. De Vos and Nel

Memel – dr. Neil Nixon

Parys – drs. Wessels and Van den Berg

Viljoenskroon - dr. Johan Kahts

Villiers - drs. I. Hattingh and W.D. Hauptfleish

Winburg – drs. Albertyn and Albertyn

Zastron – dr. Phillip Brandt

KwaZulu-Natal (15)

Bergville - drs. Ariena Shepherd

Dundee – dr. Jacqui Marais

Eshowe – drs. Pryke and Hoffman

Estcourt – drs.Turner, Tedder, Taylor, Tratschler, Van Rooyen and Alwar

Greytown – dr. Mike Caldicott

Howick – drs. Hughes, Lund, Gordon, Allison and Taylor

Kokstad – drs. Clowes and Shivers

Mooi River – drs. Fowler, Hartley and Mallet

Mtubatuba – dr. Trever Viljoen

Pietermaritzburg – dr. Phillip Kretzmann

Pietermaritzburg – dr. Rick Mapham

Pongola – dr. Heinz Kohrs

Underberg - drs. Collins, King and Delaney

Underberg – dr. Pete Dommett

Vryheid – dr. Gert Theron

Eastern Cape (9)

Adelaide – dr. Steve Cockroft

Alexandria - dr. Johan Olivier

Aliwal North – drs. Troskie and Strauss

Cradock – dr. Frans Erasmus

Graaff- Reinet - dr. Roland Larson

Humansdorp - drs. Van Niekerk, Jansen Van Vuuren, Barker and Kotze

Somerset East – drs Farrel and Louw

Stutterheim – dr. Dave Waterman

Jeffreys Bay – drs. Lategan, Hoek and McFarlane

Western Cape (15)

Beaufort West – drs. Pienaar and Grobler

Caledon – drs. Retief and Rissik

Ceres – dr. Marc Walton

Darling – drs. Van der Merwe and Adam

George - drs. Strydom, Truter and Pettifer

Heidelberg – dr. Albert van Zyl

Malmesbury – drs. Bosman and Groenewald

Malmesbury – dr. Otto Kriek

Oudtshoorn – dr. Glen Carlisle

Riversdal – drs. Du Plessis, Taylor and De Bruyn

Stellenbosch – dr. Alfred Kidd

Swellendam – dr. Jacques Malan

Vredenburg - dr. Izak Rust

Wellington – dr. William van Zyl

Northern Cape (4)

Calvinia – drs.Dirk and Lizanne de Beer

Kathu – dr. Jan Vorster

Kimberley – drs. Van Heerden and Swart

Upington - dr. Ian Vorster

Feed lots (1)

Drs. Morris and Du Preez

Laboratory reports (3)

Summary of reports received in April 2014 Internal parasites Roundworms Due to late rains that fell in many parts of the country roundworm infestations and especially wireworm were widespread. Numerous outbreaks led to production losses and mortalities. Lambs were the most susceptible animals. In the feedlots many deaths were reported. More and more reports of parasites resistant to various anthelmintic groups are received. Farmers should ask their veterinarian to assist them in doing tests to assess which drug groups are to be used for parasite control. Tapeworms Lambs were the most vulnerable class affected. These parasites could also be resistant to certain anthelmintic groups. Alarming was the report from the feedlots that the incidence of measles is increasing probably due to polluted water sources. The loss of a positive calf could mean a loss of about a R1 000. Flukes Animals will most probably be put to grazing in vleis during the upcoming winter. Water sources and with them the intermediate hosts (snails) will concentrate and outbreaks of liver fluke and conical fluke will occur. Contact your local veterinarian for a preventative control programme before animals are put into vleis for grazing. External parasites Blue ticks Numerous reports were received of African and Asiatic red water, Anaplasmosis and Lumpy skin disease transmitted by these ticks. It is imperative that preventative measures are in place to control these parasites and diseases. Bont-‐legged ticks These ticks caused foot abscesses and sores and bacterial infections entering these wounds resulted in abscesses and sitting disease as reported by feedlot vets. Cases of sweating sickness were reported. These ticks also attach in the tail switch where they are difficult to see. Bont ticks These ticks transmit heartwater and reports of this deadly disease were received. With their long mouth parts causing wounds, bacteria enter leading to abscesses.

Dr. Marijke Henton -Idexx SA Johannesburg

Dr. Annelize Jonker – State Vet Lab, Stellenbosch

Dr. Lucy Lange – Pathcare, Cape town

Brown ear-‐ticks The best time to control these three host ticks is during autumn and winter time when larval stage is prevalent on cattle. Tick paralysis The Karoo paralysis ticks are causing problems after cold spells and the first outbreaks were reported. Other external parasites that caused problems were flies (opthalmia), biting flies (anaplasmosis, lumpy skin disease), blow flies (fly strike,wool loss), screw worm (sores and abscesses), tstetse flies (nagana) midges (blue tongue, African Horse sickness) and mites (sheep scab, mange, wool loss). Venereal diseases Biosecurity measures should not be slackened especially to prevent trichomonosis and vibriosis causing huge economic losses. Discuss the testing of the herd for these diseases with your veterinarian. Bovine brucellosis To control and eradicate this zoonotic disease needs an immense effort of all role players (State veterinary services, private veterinarians, farmers, farm workers, farmer and breeder associations, auctioneers, etc). Other diseases Bacterial diseases Diseases reported that were caused by bacteria were E. coli, salmonellosis, Corynebacterium, clostridial diseases such as blackquarter,swelled head, red gut, blood gut, botulism, tetanus, pasteurellosis, enzootic abortion, opthalmia, mastitis Viral diseases A few cases of IBR, BVD, Enzootic bovine leucosis, warts and orf were reported Toxicities The following were reported: Cardiac glycoside poisoning (witstorm, vaalstorm, tulip, slangkop), Cestrum, Cynanchum poisoning, facial exzema, geeldikkop/dikoor, kikuyu, Lantana, prussic acid, seneciosis, vermeersiekte, water contamination, urea, blue green algae and snake bite. For other conditions and multifactorial diseases refer to the detailed report.

Dr Danie Odendaal of the Veterinarian Network has kindly given the LHPG permission to publish the 4 approaches to disease prevention. These 4 steps form the basis to help farmers to reduce the risk of disease on the farm. Contact your veterinarian to find out more about the disease monitoring system of the Veterinarian Network.

The 4 Approaches to Disease Prevention

1.Increase general resistance,

2.Increase specific resistance,

3.Decrease exposure and

4.Prevent exposure.

The development process of every disease is different and therefore the prevention or management of every disease also needs a different approach to prevent or interrupt the process. Basically, 4 approaches are used in the prevention of specific diseases. These approaches can be used as a single approach but in most cases a combination of two or more approaches is used to reduce the risk of disease. These approaches will now be discussed in the context of disease resistance on a herd health basis.

General Disease Resistance Within a dairy cattle population, there will be different levels of resistance to a specific disease between animals, even if the animals have not been exposed to the disease before. If the level of resistance is depicted in a graph it normally forms a “Bell curve”-‐

1.A few animals have no or little resistance (left hand side of the curve).

2.Most of the animals have an average level of resistance (middle part of the graph). 3.A few animals have very good resistance (right hand side of the curve). In the middle of this graph is a line that depicts the cut-‐off point which is the minimum resistance needed to prevent the animal from becoming sick .

For demonstration purposes we now express the number of animals at each level of resistance in a cumulative format in order to easily determine the number of animals below the cut-‐off point (susceptible animals). In this example herd of 430 animals there are 240 animals below the cut-‐off point and for the purposes of this demonstration they are then identified as animals that can become sick if the herd is exposed to a specific disease.

General disease resistance is influenced by many factors like breed, sex, age, stage of production and especially nutritional status.

Impact of Increased Exposure or Decreased Resistance

The number of animals that become sick can to a very large extent be influenced by two factors:

1.Increase in the number of disease-‐causing organisms that the animal is exposed to. 2.A decrease in the general resistance due to factors like underfeeding, especially during critical stages in the production cycle like just after calving. The level of general disease resistance will play a larger (e.g. “dirty cows” =

endometritis) or smaller (e.g. lumpy skin disease) role depending on the type of disease-‐causing organism or factor involved. Increased exposure for example can move the cut-‐off point to the right, meaning that a larger part of the population becomes susceptible to a specific disease.

An increase in exposure can have a dramatic effect on the extra number of animals that will become susceptible. In this example it increased from 240 to 370 animals, due to an increase in exposure to the disease-‐causing organisms. An example of how this occurs in practice is if a few animals in an unvaccinated herd become sick, the disease-‐causing organisms multiply in these animals and cause a very high exposure to the rest of the animals in the herd.

Disease Prevention Strategies In most instances more than one approach to disease prevention must be employed in order to effectively control a disease, especially in a dairy herd that needs to produce on a daily basis. Controlling a very complex disease like Staphylococcus areus mastitis in a herd is such an example.

1.Firstly the general disease resistance must be improved by good parasite control and good nutritional management, especially during the dry period and after calving. On its own, this approach cannot control the spread of this infectious form of mastitis.

2.Secondly the specific resistance against this disease-‐causing organism must be stimulated. This was not possible before but with the new effective vaccine which will be on the market shortly, this will be possible. 3.Thirdly the level of exposure must be decreased through identification and culling of chronically affected carrier animals and the use of effective dry cow mastitis remedies prescribed by the herd veterinarian.

If more than one approach to disease prevention is used effectively in combination, up to a 100% of a vaccinated herd can be protected. It must still be appreciated that there is a large variation between the prevention approaches needed for all the different diseases that affect dairy animals. Some industry specific disease like claw infections will always occur, but need to be managed in such a way as not to exceed a set limit.

The fourth and final approach to disease prevention is to prevent exposure completely. This is most important in the case of diseases for which there are no vaccines, no treatment available, or where the herd is currently free of this disease. Most of our state controlled diseases can be named as examples: •Bovine tuberculosis •Foot and mouth disease (controlled without vaccination in the disease-‐free area of South Africa). Certain uncontrolled diseases from which the herd is currently free must also be prevented by this approach, for example Johne’s disease. In this case a large part of the herd is very susceptible, either because the animals were never exposed to this disease, or because no vaccination is available to increase the specific resistance of the animals. General resistance will not protect all the animals in the herd against these diseases if new animal are introduced into the herd. Disease reporting and an early warning system are needed to reduce the risk of new diseases entering a farm.

Very good biosecurity measures are needed to keep these diseases out of the herd which include: •Only buying in tested disease-‐free animals. •Limit the movement of people and trucks on the farm. •Quarantine facilities for animals that enter the farm. •Good perimeter fences and gates. Reports received from 94 practices and laboratories during April 2014

Month: Nov 2011

Table of Contents

Internal Parasites

Roundworms in general, Resistant Round Worms, Wireworm, Brown stomach-worm, Eye worm (Thelazia rhodesii), Tape Worms, Parafilaria,

Liver fluke, Conical Flukes, Cysticercosis

External Parasites

Blue ticks, Resistant blue Ticks, Heartwater (Bont) ticks, Brown ear-ticks, Bont-legged ticks, Red-legged ticks , Paralysis ticks, Biting lice (red lice),

Sucking lice (blue lice), Scab mites, Mange Mites, Nuisance Flies, Blowflies, Screw-worm , Nasal bot larvae , Midges

Tick-borne Diseases

African red water, Asiatic red water, Anaplasmosis, Heartwater, Sweating Sickness, Corridor disease

Insect Transmittable Diseases Lumpy skin disease, Three-day-stiffsickness, Blue tongue, Nagana

Venereal Diseases Trichomonosis, Vibriosis

Bacterial Disease (other)

Blackquarter, Pulpy Kidney, Swelled head disease, Redgut (cattle), Blood gut (Sheep), Tetanus, Botulism, Salmonellosis , Brucella abortus, Brucella

ovis, Bovine Tuberculosis, Leptospirosis, Pseudomonas, Septicaemia, Enzootic Abortion, E.coli, Bovine Dermatophilosis (Senkobo disease),

Fusibacterium necrophorum

Protozoal diseases (other) Coccidiosis

Fungal diseases Ringworm

Viral Diseases (other)

BMC, Rabies, BVD (Bovine viral diarrhoea), IBR (Infectious bovine rhinotracheitis), BRSV (Bovine respiratory syncytial virus), Enzootic

Bovine Leucosis (EBL), Orf, Warts

Poisonings (Plant)

Cardiac glycoside poisoning, Cestrum, Cynanchum poisoning, Facial eczema, Geeldikkop/Dikoor, Kikuyu poisoning, Lantana, Other, Prussic

acid poisoning, Seneciosis, Tulip Poisoning, Vermeersiekte (Gaigeria spp.)

Poisonings Water contamination, Urea Poisoning, Snake Bite, Blue-green algae

Macro Nutritional Problems

Energy deficiency, Protein deficiency, Phosphate deficiency, Calcium deficiency

Micro Nutritional Problems

Copper deficiency, Zinc deficiency, Selenium deficiency, Vitamin A deficiency

Multi-factorial Disease Conditions

Abortions, Abscesses, Abscesses in general, Bladder stones, Blindness, Bloat, Blood gut (sheep and goat), Blue udder, Diarrhoea, Eye Cancer,

Eye infections, Joint Ill, Lameness/Foot Problems, Lung infection, Mastitis in general, Navel Ill, Redgut (Sheep)

Metabolic Diseases Acidosis, Displaced abomasum, Ketosis, Milk Fever

Reproductive diseases

Dystocia (Difficult Births), Endometritis, Metritis, Poor conception, Retained afterbirth, Uterus prolaps, Vaginal (Cervical) prolaps

Climatical Cause Heat stress

Residues Drug residues

Internal Parasites

Roundworms in general ^

PROVINCE Mpumalanga Gauteng Limpopo North West

Free State

Kwazulu-Natal

Eastern Cape

Western Cape

Northern Cape

Average 2.2 (10) 2.3 (3) 2.0 (1) 3.0 (5) 2.9 (7) 2.6 (19) 2.5 (4) 2.3 (3) 2.0 (1)

Level of importance scale: 1 = one case, 2 = more than one case but less than ten and 3 = more than 10 cases reported

Beef 1.0 (1) 2.0 (1) 2.5 (6) Dairy 1.0 (1) 1.0 (1) 2.0 (1) Sheep 2.7 (6) 2.3 (3) 2.0 (1) 3.0 (3) 3.0 (6) 2.9 (9) 2.5 (2) 2.5 (2) 2.0 (1) Goat 2.0 (2) 3.0 (2) 2.7 (3) 3.0 (1) 2.0 (1)

Mpumalanga Balfour, Balfour Dierekliniek

Beef: 1, Sheep: 2, Goat: 2 Delmas, Delmas Konsultasie Dienste

Sheep: 3 Ermelo, Joubertstraat Dierekliniek

Sheep: 3 Grootvlei, Grootvlei Dierekliniek

Sheep: 3 Middelburg , Middelburg Dierehospitaal

Sheep: 3 Nelspruit, Nelspruit Animal Hospital

Dairy: 1 Haemonchus infestation with severe anaemia and emaciation: malnutrition a contributing factor

Volksrust, Volksrust Dierehospitaal Sheep: 2, Goat: 2

Gauteng Bronkhorstspruit, Kerkstraat Dierekliniek

Sheep: 2 Krugersdorp, Krugersdorp Dierehospitaal

Sheep: 2 Pretoria, Anima Veterinary Consulting Rooms

Sheep: 3 Limpopo

Mokopane, Dr Henk Visser Sheep: 2

North West Christiana, Christiana Dierehospitaal

Sheep: 3, Goat: 3 Leeudoringstad, Leeudoringstad Dierekliniek

Sheep: 3, Goat: 3 Stella, Stella Dierekliniek

Sheep: 3 Free State

Frankfort, Frankfort Dierekliniek Sheep: 3

Harrismith, Harrismith Dierehospitaal Sheep: 3

Deaths 3 weeks after dosing. Farmers are still buying anthelmintics on the recommendations of the cooperatives while there are worm resistance to most of the products. Some farmers treat the lambs only against tape worm,

deaths occur due to roundworm infestation Kroonstad, Kroonstad Dierehospitaal

Sheep: 3 Memel, Memel Veterinary Clinic

Sheep: 3 Viljoenskroon, Viljoenskroon Dierekliniek

Sheep: 3 Villiers, Wilgepoort Dierekliniek Vennootskap

Beef: 2, Sheep: 3 Kwazulu-Natal

Bergville, Tugela Vet Clinic Sheep: 2

Dundee, Endumeni Herd health Sheep: 3

Estcourt, Estcourt Vet Clinic Beef: 1, Dairy: 1, Sheep: 3, Goat: 3

Howick, Howick Veterinary Clinic Beef: 3

Kokstad, E.G.Veterinary Services Beef: 3, Sheep: 3

Mooi River, Mooirivier Vet Clinic Sheep: 3

Mtubatuba, Mtubatuba Animal Clinic Beef: 2, Goat: 2

Pietermaritzburg, Richmond Veterinay Clinic Beef: 3, Sheep: 3, Goat: 3

Underberg, Underberg Veterinary Surgery Sheep: 3

Underberg, Waterford Farm, Underberg Sheep: 3

Vryheid, Vryheid Veterinary Clinic Beef: 3, Sheep: 3 Eastern Cape

Aliwal North, Uitspan C Troskie Sheep: 2

Humansdorp, Humansdorp Veterinary Clinic Sheep: 3, Goat: 3

Jeffreys Bay, Cape Cross Veterinary Hospital Dairy: 2

Western Cape Beaufort West, Beaufort West State Vet

Goat: 2 Long-necked bankruptworm in kids, severely affected.

George, George Animal Hospital Sheep: 3

Heidelberg WC, Heidelberg Dierekliniek Sheep: 2

Northern Cape Kathu, Kathu Dierekliniek

Sheep: 2

Resistant Round Worms ^


Free State

Kwazulu-Natal

Eastern Cape

Western Cape

Northern Cape

Average 2.3 (8) 2.0 (2) 1.0 (1) 3.0 (4) 2.5 (6) 2.4 (5) 2.5 (4) 3.0 (2)


Sheep 2.5 (6) 2.0 (2) 1.0 (1) 3.0 (3) 2.5 (6) 2.4 (5) 2.5 (4) 3.0 (2) Goat 1.5 (2) 3.0 (1)


Sheep: 2, Goat: 1 Ermelo, Joubertstraat Dierekliniek

Sheep: 3 Ermelo, Moregloed Veterinere Spreekkamer




Goat: 2 Overstocking of farm

Standerton, Econovet Sheep: 3 Gauteng

Pretoria, Anima Veterinary Consulting Rooms Sheep: 2

Pretoria, Onderstepoort Academic Hospital and Production Animal Clinic

Sheep: 2 Limpopo

Modimolle, Kranskop Dierekliniek Sheep: 1



Sheep: 3 Wireworm resistance to macrocyclic lactones, benzimidazoles, salicylanilides

Swartruggens, Swartruggens Veterinary Clinic Sheep: 3

Free State Bethlehem, Bethlehem Animal Hospital

Sheep: 3 Wireworm

Bloemfontein, Dr Stephan Wessels Sheep: 3

Harrismith, Harrismith Dierehospitaal Sheep: 1

Hoopstad, Hoopstad Dierekliniek Sheep: 3

Memel, Memel Veterinary Clinic Sheep: 3

Villiers, Wilgepoort Dierekliniek Vennootskap Sheep: 2

Kwazulu-Natal Bergville, Tugela Vet Clinic

Sheep: 2 Dundee, Endumeni Herd health

Sheep: 3 Kokstad, E.G.Veterinary Services

Sheep: 3 Underberg, Underberg Veterinary Surgery

Sheep: 2 Particularly a problem in autumn. Drug resistance is a factor and many farmers still not educated in terms of

working with resistance/ detecting resistance and clever treatment strategies (holistic). It’s still a mind set of treat all (blanket treatment).


Eastern Cape Aliwal North, Uitspan C Troskie

Sheep: 2 Cradock, Cradock Veterinary Clinic

Sheep: 3 Graaff-Reinet, Graaff Reinet Veterinary Clinic

Sheep: 2 Somerset East, Bosberg Veterinary Clinic

Sheep: 3 Resistance to levamisole, closantel, macrocyclic lactones, benzimidazoles

Western Cape George, George Animal Hospital

Sheep: 3 Riversdal, Riversdal Dierekliniek

Sheep: 3

Wireworm ^


Free State

Kwazulu-Natal

Eastern Cape

Western Cape

Northern Cape

Average 2.3 (8) 3.0 (2) 2.6 (13) 2.9 (8) 2.5 (2) 2.5 (2)


Dairy 1.0 (1)

Sheep 2.5 (6) 3.0 (1) 2.7 (11) 2.8 (6) 2.5 (2) 2.5 (2)

Goat 2.0 (1) 3.0 (1) 2.0 (2) 3.0 (2) Mpumalanga

Balfour, Balfour Dierekliniek Sheep: 2, Goat: 2

Bethal, Bethal Dierekliniek Sheep: 2

Ermelo, Moregloed Veterinere Spreekkamer Sheep: 2

Moxidectin resistance Grootvlei, Grootvlei Dierekliniek


Dairy: 1 Haemonchus infestation with severe anaemia and emaciation: malnutrition a contributing factor

Piet Retief, Pets Vet Hospital Sheep: 3

Standerton, Econovet Sheep: 3 Limpopo


Wireworm causing severe production losses and deaths in both the small stock and game industry Goat: 3


Sheep: 3 Bloemfontein, Dr Stephan Wessels

Sheep: 3 Bothaville, Cape Cross Bothaville Veterinary Hospital

Sheep: 3, Goat: 3 Frankfort, Frankfort Dierekliniek

Sheep: 3 Harrismith, Harrismith Dierehospitaal

Sheep: 3 Hoopstad, Hoopstad Dierekliniek

Sheep: 3 Kroonstad, Kroonstad Dierehospitaal

Sheep: 3 Ladybrand, Ladybrand Dierekliniek


Sheep: 3 Parys, Parys Dierehospitaal

Sheep: 1, Goat: 1 Winburg, Winburg Dierekliniek

Sheep: 3 Eastern Cape

Adelaide, Adelaide Veterinary Clinic Sheep: 3

Cradock, Cradock Veterinary Clinic Sheep: 3

Wireworm infestation in sheep on irrigated pastures Graaff-Reinet, Graaff Reinet Veterinary Clinic

Sheep: 3 Perennial problem for farmers

Goat: 3 Humansdorp, Humansdorp Veterinary Clinic

Sheep: 2 Jeffreys Bay, Cape Cross Veterinary Hospital


Sheep: 3, Goat: 3 Western Cape


Riversdal, Riversdal Dierekliniek Sheep: 3

Northern Cape De Aar, De Aar Veterinary Clinic

Sheep: 2 Kimberley, Kimberley Dierekliniek

Sheep: 3

Brown stomach-worm ^


Free State

Kwazulu-Natal

Eastern Cape

Western Cape

Northern Cape

Average 2.0 (1) 2.0 (2)


Sheep 2.0 (1) 2.0 (2) Eastern Cape

Humansdorp, Humansdorp Veterinary Clinic Sheep: 2

Western Cape Caledon, Overberg Veterinary Hospital

Sheep: 2 Heidelberg WC, Heidelberg Dierekliniek

Sheep: 2

Eye worm (Thelazia rhodesii) ^


Free State

Kwazulu-Natal

Eastern Cape

Western Cape

Northern Cape

Average 1.0 (1)


Beef 1.0 (1) Free State

Kroonstad, Kroonstad Dierehospitaal Beef: 1

Tape Worms ^


Free State

Kwazulu-Natal

Eastern Cape

Western Cape

Northern Cape

Average 1.6 (8) 2.5 (2) 3.0 (2) 1.9 (7) 2.0 (5) 1.5 (2) 1.0 (1)


Beef 1.0 (1) 1.5 (2) Dairy 1.0 (1) Sheep 2.0 (3) 2.5 (2) 3.0 (2) 2.0 (5) 2.0 (4) 2.0 (1) 1.0 (1) Goat 1.7 (3) 2.0 (1) 1.0 (1)


Beef: 1, Dairy: 1, Sheep: 1, Goat: 1 Ermelo, Moregloed Veterinêre Spreekkamer


Goat: 2 Volksrust, Volksrust Dierehospitaal

Sheep: 2, Goat: 2 Gauteng

Bronkhorstspruit, Kerkstraat Dierekliniek Sheep: 3


North West Stella, Stella Dierekliniek

Sheep: 3 Ventersdorp, Buffelsvlei Dierekliniek

Sheep: 3 Free State


Ficksburg, Ficksburg Dierekliniek Sheep: 2

Frankfort, Frankfort Dierekliniek Sheep: 2

Parys, Parys Dierehospitaal Beef: 2, Sheep: 1

Villiers, Wilgepoort Dierekliniek Vennootskap Beef: 1, Sheep: 2 Kwazulu-Natal

Estcourt, Estcourt Vet Clinic Sheep: 2, Goat: 2

Mtubatuba, Mtubatuba Animal Clinic Sheep: 2




Sheep: 2 Humansdorp, Humansdorp Veterinary Clinic

Goat: 1 Western Cape

Ceres, Ceres Veterinary Hospital Sheep: 1 One flock

Parafilaria ^


Free State

Kwazulu-Natal

Eastern Cape

Western Cape

Northern Cape

Average 2.0 (1)


Beef 2.0 (1) Kwazulu-Natal

Mtubatuba, Mtubatuba Animal Clinic Beef: 2

Liver fluke ^


Free State

Kwazulu-Natal

Eastern Cape

Western Cape

Northern Cape

Average 2.5 (2) 2.0 (1) 1.2 (5) 1.9 (9) 2.0 (2)


Beef 2.5 (2) 1.0 (3) 2.0 (6) 2.0 (1) Dairy 2.0 (1) Sheep 2.0 (1) 1.5 (2) 1.5 (2) 2.0 (1)

Mpumalanga Ermelo, Moregloed Veterinere Spreekkamer

Beef: 3 Grootvlei, Grootvlei Dierekliniek

Beef: 2 Gauteng

Pretoria, Anima Veterinary Consulting Rooms

Sheep: 2 Free State


Memel, Memel Veterinary Clinic Beef: 1, Sheep: 2


Estcourt, Estcourt Vet Clinic Beef: 2, Dairy: 2



Pietermaritzburg, Richmond Veterinay Clinic Beef: 2

Underberg, Underberg Veterinary Surgery Beef: 1


Vryheid, Vryheid Veterinary Clinic Beef: 3

Western Cape George, George Animal Hospital

Beef: 2, Sheep: 2

Conical Flukes ^


Free State

Kwazulu-Natal

Eastern Cape

Western Cape

Northern Cape

Average 1.0 (2) 1.8 (4) 3.0 (1) 2.0 (1) 2.0 (2)


Beef 1.0 (2) 2.0 (3) 3.0 (1) 2.0 (2) Dairy 2.0 (1) Sheep 1.0 (1)


Beef: 1 Ermelo, Joubertstraat Dierekliniek

Beef: 1 Free State

Bloemfontein, Dr Stephan Wessels Beef: 3

Frankfort, Frankfort Dierekliniek Beef: 2



Eastern Cape Humansdorp, Humansdorp Veterinary Clinic

Dairy: 2 Western Cape

Ceres, Ceres Veterinary Hospital Beef: 2 2 herds

Swellendam, Swellendam Dierehospitaal Beef: 2

Cysticercosis ^


Free State

Kwazulu-Natal

Eastern Cape

Western Cape

Northern Cape

Average 2.0 (2)


Beef 3.0 (1) Dairy 1.0 (1)

Mpumalanga Delmas, Delmas Konsultasie Dienste

Dairy: 1 Nelspruit, Nelspruit Animal Hospital

Beef: 3 Cases at local abattoir diagnosed on meat inspection: all animals ex-feedlot

External Parasites

Blue ticks ^


Free State

Kwazulu-Natal

Eastern Cape

Western Cape

Northern Cape

Average 2.3 (12) 1.8 (4) 2.5 (2) 3.0 (3) 2.5 (8) 2.6 (16) 2.5 (4) 2.4 (5)


Beef 2.4 (9) 1.7 (3) 2.5 (2) 3.0 (3) 2.6 (7) 2.6 (15) 2.5 (4) 2.3 (3) Dairy 1.7 (3) 2.0 (1) 3.0 (1) 3.0 (1) Sheep 2.0 (1) 2.0 (1)


Beef: 2 Delmas, Delmas Konsultasie Dienste

Beef: 3, Dairy: 3 Ermelo, Joubertstraat Dierekliniek


Beef: 1 Middelburg , Middelburg Dierehospitaal

Beef: 3 Blue ticks parasitize cattle on a large scale before winter. Slight frost was seen on a few farms and some cattle

had severe tick infestation causing anaemia. Nelspruit, Nelspruit Animal Hospital

Beef: 2, Dairy: 1 Piet Retief, Pets Vet Hospital

Beef: 3, Dairy: 1 Standerton, Econovet

Beef: 2 Volksrust, Volksrust Dierehospitaal

Beef: 3 Gauteng

Bronkhorstspruit, Kerkstraat Dierekliniek Beef: 2

Pretoria, Anima Veterinary Consulting Rooms Beef: 2, Sheep: 2

Pretoria, Onderstepoort Academic Hospital and Production Animal Clinic Beef: 1

Limpopo Modimolle, Kranskop Dierekliniek

Beef: 2 Mokopane, Dr Henk Visser

Beef: 3 North West

Leeudoringstad, Leeudoringstad Dierekliniek Beef: 3

Schweizer-Reneke, NJ Heyns Beef: 3

Blue tick peak in autumn Swartruggens, Swartruggens Veterinary Clinic

Beef: 3 Free State

Bethlehem, Bethlehem Animal Hospital Beef: 3



Harrismith, Harrismith Dierehospitaal Beef: 3

Kroonstad, Kroonstad Dierehospitaal Beef: 2, Dairy: 2

Memel, Memel Veterinary Clinic Beef: 3

Villiers, Wilgepoort Dierekliniek Vennootskap Beef: 2


Beef: 1 Dundee, Endumeni Herd health

Beef: 3 Eshowe, Eshowe Veterinary Hospital

Beef: 2 Estcourt, Estcourt Vet Clinic

Beef: 3, Dairy: 3 Howick, Howick Veterinary Clinic

Beef: 3 Ingogo, Gen XY Stud Beef Consultancy

Beef: 3 Kokstad, E.G.Veterinary Services

Beef: 3 Mooi River, Mooirivier Vet Clinic

Beef: 3 Mtubatuba, Mtubatuba Animal Clinic

Beef: 3 Pietermaritzburg, Dr Rick Mapham Cosultancy

Beef: 2 Pietermaritzburg, Richmond Veterinay Clinic

Beef: 3 Pongola, Pongola Animal Clinic

Beef: 2 Underberg, Underberg Veterinary Surgery

Beef: 3 Underberg, Waterford Farm, Underberg

Beef: 2 Vryheid, Vryheid Veterinary Clinic

Beef: 3 Eastern Cape

Alexandria, Alexandria Platteland Spreekkamer Beef: 3

Aliwal North, Uitspan C Troskie Beef: 2

Graaff-Reinet, Graaff Reinet Veterinary Clinic Beef: 2

Somerset East, Bosberg Veterinary Clinic Beef: 3

Western Cape Heidelberg WC, Heidelberg Dierekliniek

Dairy: 3, Sheep: 2 Riversdal, Riversdal Dierekliniek

Beef: 3 Swellendam, Swellendam Dierehospitaal

Beef: 2 Vredenburg, Vredenburg Dierehospitaal

Beef: 2

Resistant blue Ticks ^


Free State

Kwazulu-Natal

Eastern Cape

Western Cape

Northern Cape

Average 1.0 (2) 2.0 (1) 2.2 (5)


Beef 1.0 (1) 2.0 (1) 2.3 (4) Dairy 1.0 (1) 2.0 (1)

Mpumalanga Nelspruit, Nelspruit Animal Hospital

Dairy: 1

Piet Retief, Pets Vet Hospital Beef: 1

Free State Villiers, Wilgepoort Dierekliniek Vennootskap

Beef: 2 Kwazulu-Natal


Pongola, Pongola Animal Clinic Beef: 1



Heartwater (Bont) ticks ^


Free State

Kwazulu-Natal

Eastern Cape

Western Cape

Northern Cape

Average 2.0 (2) 2.0 (4) 2.3 (7) 3.0 (4) 2.5 (15) 3.0 (1)


Beef 2.0 (2) 1.7 (3) 2.3 (4) 3.0 (2) 2.4 (7) 3.0 (1) Dairy 2.0 (1) Sheep 3.0 (1) 2.5 (2) 3.0 (2) 2.7 (3) Goat 2.0 (1) 2.5 (4)


Beef: 1 Nelspruit, Nelspruit Animal Hospital

Beef: 3 Lowveld always an endemic area for Bont ticks


Beef: 1 Pretoria, Anima Veterinary Consulting Rooms

Beef: 3, Sheep: 3 Pretoria, Onderstepoort Academic Hospital and Production Animal Clinic

Beef: 1 Limpopo

Bela-Bela, Warmbad Dierekliniek Beef: 3

Machado, Blouberg Dierekliniek Beef: 3, Sheep: 3

Modimolle, Kranskop Dierekliniek Beef: 1

Mokopane, Dr Henk Visser Beef: 2, Sheep: 2, Goat: 2


Beef: 3, Sheep: 3 Swartruggens, Swartruggens Veterinary Clinic


Dundee, Endumeni Herd health Beef: 3, Sheep: 3

Eshowe, Eshowe Veterinary Hospital Beef: 2

Estcourt, Estcourt Vet Clinic Beef: 2, Dairy: 2, Goat: 3



Pongola, Pongola Animal Clinic Beef: 2, Goat: 2

Underberg, Waterford Farm, Underberg Beef: 3, Sheep: 3 Eastern Cape


Brown ear-ticks ^


Free State

Kwazulu-Natal

Eastern Cape

Western Cape

Northern Cape

Average 2.0 (2) 2.5 (2) 3.0 (1) 2.2 (6)


Beef 2.0 (2) 2.5 (2) 3.0 (1) 2.4 (5) Dairy 1.0 (1)

Mpumalanga Piet Retief, Pets Vet Hospital


Beef: 2 Limpopo

Bela-Bela, Warmbad Dierekliniek Beef: 3

Mokopane, Dr Henk Visser Beef: 2

North West Leeudoringstad, Leeudoringstad Dierekliniek



Ingogo, Gen XY Stud Beef Consultancy Beef: 3



Underberg, Underberg Veterinary Surgery

Beef: 2

Bont-legged ticks ^


Free State

Kwazulu-Natal

Eastern Cape

Western Cape

Northern Cape

Average 1.3 (3) 2.0 (1) 2.3 (3) 2.0 (2) 2.0 (8) 2.0 (2) 2.0 (1)


Beef 1.3 (3) 2.0 (1) 2.0 (2) 2.0 (2) 2.2 (5) 2.0 (1) 2.0 (1) Dairy 1.5 (2) Sheep 3.0 (1) 2.0 (1) Goat 2.0 (1)




Beef: 2 Gauteng


Limpopo Bela-Bela, Warmbad Dierekliniek

Beef: 3, Sheep: 3 Modimolle, Kranskop Dierekliniek

Beef: 1 North West




Beef: 2 Frankfort, Frankfort Dierekliniek

Beef: 3 Kroonstad, Kroonstad Dierehospitaal

Beef: 2, Dairy: 2, Sheep: 2 Memel, Memel Veterinary Clinic

Beef: 2 Parys, Parys Dierehospitaal

Beef: 2, Dairy: 1 Kwazulu-Natal

Pongola, Pongola Animal Clinic Beef: 2, Goat: 2 Eastern Cape


Red-legged ticks ^


Free State

Kwazulu-Natal

Eastern Cape

Western Cape

Northern Cape

Average 1.5 (2) 1.0 (2) 2.3 (6) 2.5 (2) 3.0 (1)


Beef 1.5 (2) 1.0 (2) 2.7 (3) 2.5 (2) 3.0 (1) Dairy 2.0 (2) Sheep 2.0 (1)

Mpumalanga Grootvlei, Grootvlei Dierekliniek


Beef: 2 Gauteng



Free State Kroonstad, Kroonstad Dierehospitaal

Beef: 2, Dairy: 2, Sheep: 2 Memel, Memel Veterinary Clinic


Beef: 3, Dairy: 2 Kwazulu-Natal



Eastern Cape Somerset East, Bosberg Veterinary Clinic

Beef: 3

Paralysis ticks ^


Free State

Kwazulu-Natal

Eastern Cape

Western Cape

Northern Cape

Average 3.0 (1) 1.0 (1) 2.0 (1)


Beef 3.0 (1) Sheep 1.0 (1) 2.0 (1)

Free State Bloemfontein, Dr Stephan Wessels



Eastern Cape Cradock, Cradock Veterinary Clinic

Sheep: 2 Earlier occurrence than normal

Biting lice (red lice) ^


Free State

Kwazulu-Natal

Eastern Cape

Western Cape

Northern Cape

Average 2.0 (1)


Sheep 2.0 (1) Kwazulu-Natal

Kokstad, E.G.Veterinary Services Sheep: 2

Sucking lice (blue lice) ^


Free State

Kwazulu-Natal

Eastern Cape

Western Cape

Northern Cape

Average 2.0 (1)


Sheep 2.0 (1) Kwazulu-Natal


Scab mites ^


Free State

Kwazulu-Natal

Eastern Cape

Western Cape

Northern Cape

Average 1.0 (1) 3.0 (1) 1.0 (1)


Sheep 1.0 (1) 3.0 (1) 1.0 (1) Kwazulu-Natal

Estcourt, Estcourt Vet Clinic Sheep: 1

Eastern Cape Graaff-Reinet, Graaff Reinet Veterinary Clinic

Sheep: 3 Western Cape

Beaufort West, Beaufort West State Vet Sheep: 1

Farmer bought a few rams at an auction but fortunately kept them in a quarantine camp. While they were in quarantine the farmer heard that the farm of origin had an outbreak of sheep scab. Rams were treated before

they came in contact with other sheep.

Mange Mites ^


Free State

Kwazulu-Natal

Eastern Cape

Western Cape

Northern Cape

Average 1.5 (4)


Beef 1.0 (2) Dairy 2.0 (2)


Beef: 1, Dairy: 1 Delmas, Delmas Konsultasie Dienste

Dairy: 3 Grootvlei, Grootvlei Dierekliniek

Beef: 1

Nuisance Flies ^


Free State

Kwazulu-Natal

Eastern Cape

Western Cape

Northern Cape

Average 2.0 (7) 3.0 (1) 2.7 (3) 2.8 (13) 2.8 (4)


Beef 2.0 (2) 3.0 (1) 2.5 (2) 2.7 (6) 2.7 (3) Dairy 2.0 (3) Sheep 2.0 (1) 3.0 (1) 2.8 (4) 3.0 (1) Goat 2.0 (1) 3.0 (3)


Dairy: 1 Delmas, Delmas Konsultasie Dienste


Beef: 2, Dairy: 2, Goat: 2 Volksrust, Volksrust Dierehospitaal

Beef: 2, Sheep: 2 North West

Stella, Stella Dierekliniek Beef: 3

Free State Memel, Memel Veterinary Clinic

Beef: 3 Villiers, Wilgepoort Dierekliniek Vennootskap


Howick, Howick Veterinary Clinic

Beef: 3, Sheep: 3, Goat: 3 Kokstad, E.G.Veterinary Services

Beef: 2, Sheep: 2 Mooi River, Mooirivier Vet Clinic

Beef: 3, Sheep: 3, Goat: 3 Mtubatuba, Mtubatuba Animal Clinic

Beef: 3, Goat: 3 Pongola, Pongola Animal Clinic


Beef: 3, Sheep: 3 Western Cape

Riversdal, Riversdal Dierekliniek Beef: 3, Sheep: 3

Stellenbosch, Stellenbosch Animal Hospital Beef: 2


Blowflies ^


Free State

Kwazulu-Natal

Eastern Cape

Western Cape

Northern Cape

Average 2.0 (3) 1.0 (1) 3.0 (3) 2.0 (1) 2.5 (2) 2.3 (3)


Beef 2.0 (1) 1.0 (1) 3.0 (1) Sheep 2.0 (2) 3.0 (1) 2.0 (1) 2.5 (2) 2.3 (3) Goat 3.0 (1)


Sheep: 2 Volksrust, Volksrust Dierehospitaal

Beef: 2, Sheep: 2 Gauteng


North West Swartruggens, Swartruggens Veterinary Clinic

Beef: 3, Sheep: 3, Goat: 3 Free State


Kwazulu-Natal Mooi River, Mooirivier Vet Clinic

Sheep: 2 Underberg, Underberg Veterinary Surgery



Malmesbury, Bergzight Dierehospitaal

Sheep: 1 Riversdal, Riversdal Dierekliniek

Sheep: 3

Screw-worm ^


Free State

Kwazulu-Natal

Eastern Cape

Western Cape

Northern Cape

Average 2.0 (1) 2.0 (1) 3.0 (4) 2.0 (2) 1.0 (1)


Beef 2.0 (1) 2.0 (1) 3.0 (1) 2.0 (1) 1.0 (1) Sheep 3.0 (2) Goat 3.0 (1) 2.0 (1)


Beef: 2 Limpopo



Sheep: 3 Swartruggens, Swartruggens Veterinary Clinic

Beef: 3, Sheep: 3, Goat: 3 Kwazulu-Natal

Mtubatuba, Mtubatuba Animal Clinic Beef: 2, Goat: 2 Eastern Cape


Nasal bot larvae ^


Free State

Kwazulu-Natal

Eastern Cape

Western Cape

Northern Cape

Average 1.0 (1) 3.0 (1) 3.0 (1)


Sheep 1.0 (1) 3.0 (1) 3.0 (1) Mpumalanga

Balfour, Balfour Dierekliniek Sheep: 1 Gauteng


Western Cape Darling, Darling Dierekliniek

Sheep: 3

Midges ^


Free State

Kwazulu-Natal

Eastern Cape

Western Cape

Northern Cape

Average 1.8 (6) 2.8 (12) 2.8 (5) 3.0 (3)


Beef 2.0 (1) 2.8 (5) 3.0 (2) 3.0 (1) Dairy 1.0 (1) 3.0 (1) 3.0 (1) Sheep 2.0 (3) 2.8 (5) 2.7 (3) 3.0 (1) Goat 2.0 (1) 3.0 (1)


Dairy: 1, Sheep: 1 Delmas, Delmas Konsultasie Dienste


Beef: 2, Sheep: 2, Goat: 2 Free State

Clocolan, Clocolan Dierekliniek Beef: 3, Sheep: 3

Harrismith, Harrismith Dierehospitaal Beef: 3, Sheep: 3

Kroonstad, Kroonstad Dierehospitaal Beef: 3, Dairy: 3, Sheep: 3, Goat: 3 Memel, Memel Veterinary Clinic

Beef: 3, Sheep: 2 Villiers, Wilgepoort Dierekliniek Vennootskap


Howick, Howick Veterinary Clinic Sheep: 3


Mooi River, Mooirivier Vet Clinic Beef: 3

Underberg, Underberg Veterinary Surgery Beef: 3, Sheep: 3 Western Cape

Darling, Darling Dierekliniek Beef: 3

Heidelberg WC, Heidelberg Dierekliniek Dairy: 3, Sheep: 3

Tick-borne Diseases

African red water ^


Free State

Kwazulu-Natal

Eastern Cape

Western Cape

Northern Cape

Average 2.0 (4) 2.0 (1) 3.0 (1) 3.0 (1) 2.3 (4) 2.5 (12) 2.3 (3) 2.3 (4)


Beef 2.3 (3) 2.0 (1) 3.0 (1) 3.0 (1) 2.3 (4) 2.5 (11) 3.0 (1) 2.0 (3) Dairy 1.0 (1) 3.0 (1) 2.0 (2) 3.0 (1)


Beef: 3, Dairy: 1 Ermelo, Moregloed Veterinêre Spreekkamer


Beef: 2 Gauteng


Limpopo Machado, Blouberg Dierekliniek

Beef: 3 North West

Swartruggens, Swartruggens Veterinary Clinic Beef: 3

Free State Frankfort, Frankfort Dierekliniek

Beef: 3 Harrismith, Harrismith Dierehospitaal

Beef: 3 Mainly Africa Redwater, blue tick explosion after the good rains in March



Kwazulu-Natal Dundee, Endumeni Herd health

Beef: 3 Number of cases is slowly decreasing as winter approaches




Kokstad, E.G.Veterinary Services Beef: 3



Pietermaritzburg, Dr Rick Mapham Cosultancy Beef: 2


Underberg, Underberg Veterinary Surgery

Beef: 3 Due to increase in tick numbers there have been reports and signs of outbreaks either resulting in deaths or

clinical cases. Mainly happening in herds that have not been vaccinated or where the farmer has forgotten. Most of the time the herds/groups are blocked with Diminazene/ Imidocard



Beef: 3, Dairy: 2 Jeffreys Bay, Cape Cross Veterinary Hospital


Caledon, Overberg Veterinary Hospital Beef: 2

George, George Animal Hospital Beef: 3

Heidelberg WC, Heidelberg Dierekliniek Dairy: 3


Asiatic red water ^


Free State

Kwazulu-Natal

Eastern Cape

Western Cape

Northern Cape

Average 2.0 (10) 2.0 (2) 2.5 (2) 2.2 (5) 2.2 (11) 2.6 (5) 3.0 (4)


Beef 1.9 (9) 2.0 (2) 2.5 (2) 2.2 (5) 2.2 (10) 2.7 (3) 3.0 (3) Dairy 3.0 (1) 2.0 (1) 2.5 (2) 3.0 (1)


Beef: 1 Bethal, Bethal Dierekliniek


Dairy: 3 Ermelo, Joubertstraat Dierekliniek

Beef: 1 Ermelo, Moregloed Veterinere Spreekkamer


Beef: 2 Nelspruit, Nelspruit Animal Hospital

Beef: 1 Piet Retief, Pets Vet Hospital

Beef: 1 Standerton, Econovet


Beef: 3 Gauteng


Krugersdorp, Krugersdorp Dierehospitaal Beef: 2



Beef: 2 Free State

Ficksburg, Ficksburg Dierekliniek Beef: 2






Beef: 1 Dundee, Endumeni Herd health

Beef: 2 Number of cases is slowly decreasing as winter approaches



Greytown, Greytown Veterinary Hospital Beef: 2





Due to increase in tick numbers there have been reports and signs of outbreaks either resulting in deaths or clinical cases. Mainly happening in herds that have not been vaccinated or where the farmer has forgotten. Most

of the time the herds/groups are blocked with Diminazene/ Imidocard Vryheid, Vryheid Veterinary Clinic



Acute outbreaks on 3 farms Humansdorp, Humansdorp Veterinary Clinic

Beef: 3, Dairy: 2 Jeffreys Bay, Cape Cross Veterinary Hospital

Dairy: 3 Stutterheim, Stutterheim Veterinary Clinic

Beef: 2 Farmers are dipping too clean and not maintaining endemic stability. Chemical blocking is prolonging the problem.

Strongly advocate blooding. Acute outbreaks occur and there is often poor response to treatment. Western Cape




Red water cases occur where poor tick control takes place. Farmers advised to step up tick control. Swellendam, Swellendam Dierehospitaal

Beef: 3

Anaplasmosis ^


Free State

Kwazulu-Natal

Eastern Cape

Western Cape

Northern Cape

Average 1.6 (7) 1.0 (1) 1.0 (1) 2.3 (3) 2.1 (10) 2.2 (6) 1.5 (4) 1.8 (10) 2.0 (1)


Beef 1.2 (5) 1.0 (1) 1.0 (1) 2.3 (3) 2.0 (8) 2.0 (5) 1.5 (2) 1.8 (9) 2.0 (1) Dairy 2.5 (2) 2.5 (2) 3.0 (1) 1.5 (2) 2.0 (1)








Beef: 2 Gauteng


Limpopo Mokopane, Dr Henk Visser

Beef: 1 North West

Christiana, Christiana Dierehospitaal Beef: 3


Vryburg, Molopo Dierespreekkamer Beef: 2


Beef: 2 Clocolan, Clocolan Dierekliniek


Beef: 2 We saw acute deaths in 2 -3 year animals. Blood smears were loaded with organisms

Hoopstad, Hoopstad Dierekliniek Beef: 1

Kroonstad, Kroonstad Dierehospitaal Dairy: 2

Ladybrand, Ladybrand Dierekliniek Beef: 3


Parys, Parys Dierehospitaal Dairy: 3

Outbreak in first calving heifers that were not vaccinated Villiers, Wilgepoort Dierekliniek Vennootskap

Beef: 2 Winburg, Winburg Dierekliniek







Eastern Cape Graaff-Reinet, Graaff Reinet Veterinary Clinic

Beef: 1 Jeffreys Bay, Cape Cross Veterinary Hospital

Dairy: 2 Somerset East, Bosberg Veterinary Clinic

Dairy: 1 Stutterheim, Stutterheim Veterinary Clinic

Beef: 2 Disease is spreading and it is very frustrating to control and treat. Blooding is strongly advocated.


Beef: 2 Ceres, Ceres Veterinary Hospital

Beef: 1 Darling, Darling Dierekliniek

Beef: 2 George, George Animal Hospital

Beef: 2 Heidelberg WC, Heidelberg Dierekliniek

Dairy: 2 Malmesbury, Bergzight Dierehospitaal

Beef: 1 Riversdal, Riversdal Dierekliniek

Beef: 3 Resistant parasites on one farm lost 10 and on another farm 25 animals



Vredenburg, Vredenburg Dierehospitaal Beef: 1

Northern Cape Kimberley, Kimberley Dierekliniek

Beef: 2

Heartwater ^


Free State

Kwazulu-Natal

Eastern Cape

Western Cape

Northern Cape

Average 1.0 (3) 2.0 (2) 2.0 (4) 2.8 (4) 1.9 (15) 2.0 (4)


Beef 1.0 (2) 2.0 (1) 1.5 (2) 2.5 (2) 1.8 (6) 2.0 (2) Dairy 2.0 (1) Sheep 1.0 (1) 2.0 (1) 2.5 (2) 3.0 (1) 1.8 (4) 3.0 (1) Goat 3.0 (1) 2.0 (4) 1.0 (1)




Beef: 1 Gauteng

Pretoria, Anima Veterinary Consulting Rooms Beef: 2, Sheep: 2


Beef: 2 Machado, Blouberg Dierekliniek

Sheep: 3 Modimolle, Kranskop Dierekliniek

Sheep: 2 Mokopane, Dr Henk Visser

Beef: 1 North West

Rustenburg, Protea Dierekliniek Beef: 2


Seen in a new herd brought in from the Brits area. No vaccine or block treatment were given. Multiple deaths

occurred. Diseased animals if seen early were treated with doxycycline and they recovered Sheep: 3, Goat: 3 Kwazulu-Natal



Mtubatuba, Mtubatuba Animal Clinic Beef: 3, Sheep: 3, Goat: 3


Pongola, Pongola Animal Clinic Beef: 1, Sheep: 1, Goat: 1

Underberg, Waterford Farm, Underberg Beef: 2, Sheep: 2 Eastern Cape

Humansdorp, Humansdorp Veterinary Clinic Beef: 1, Goat: 1

Somerset East, Bosberg Veterinary Clinic Beef: 3, Sheep: 3

Sweating Sickness ^


Free State

Kwazulu-Natal

Eastern Cape

Western Cape

Northern Cape

Average 2.0 (1) 1.0 (1) 2.0 (2) 2.3 (3)


Beef 2.0 (1) 1.0 (1) 2.0 (2) 2.3 (3) Gauteng

Pretoria, Anima Veterinary Consulting Rooms Beef: 2

Limpopo Modimolle, Kranskop Dierekliniek

Beef: 1 North West



Kwazulu-Natal Pongola, Pongola Animal Clinic



Beef: 3

Corridor disease ^


Free State

Kwazulu-Natal

Eastern Cape

Western Cape

Northern Cape

Average 3.0 (1)




This is a serious problem

Insect Transmittable Diseases

Lumpy skin disease ^


Free State

Kwazulu-Natal

Eastern Cape

Western Cape

Northern Cape

Average 2.5 (11) 3.0 (2) 2.1 (7) 2.1 (7) 1.7 (3)


Beef 2.4 (8) 3.0 (2) 2.0 (5) 2.3 (6) 1.5 (2) Dairy 2.7 (3) 2.5 (2) 1.0 (1) 2.0 (1)



Beef: 2, Dairy: 2 Delmas, Delmas Konsultasie Dienste



Beef: 3 Massive outbreaks up to 100 animals in a herd

Grootvlei, Grootvlei Dierekliniek Beef: 2

Piet Retief, Pets Vet Hospital Beef: 3, Dairy: 3

Volksrust, Volksrust Dierehospitaal Beef: 3


Beef: 3 Tzaneen, Tzaneen Dierekliniek

Beef: 3 Free State

Clocolan, Clocolan Dierekliniek Beef: 1

Frankfort, Frankfort Dierekliniek Beef: 3, Dairy: 2

Harrismith, Harrismith Dierehospitaal Beef: 3, Dairy: 3



Kwazulu-Natal Eshowe, Eshowe Veterinary Hospital


Beef: 2, Dairy: 1 Kokstad, E.G.Veterinary Services



Beef: 3 Transmission by ticks of lumpy skin disease makes perfect sense as this disease is now an all year problem.




Dairy: 2 Riversdal, Riversdal Dierekliniek

Beef: 2 Three outbreaks recorded

Three-day-stiffsickness ^


Free State

Kwazulu-Natal

Eastern Cape

Western Cape

Northern Cape

Average 2.6 (10) 2.7 (3) 2.0 (3) 2.3 (6) 2.3 (9) 2.6 (10) 1.0 (1) 2.0 (1)


Beef 2.5 (8) 3.0 (2) 2.0 (3) 2.3 (6) 2.3 (7) 2.7 (9) 1.0 (1) 2.0 (1) Dairy 3.0 (2) 2.0 (1) 2.5 (2) 2.0 (1)







Beef: 3 Piet Retief, Pets Vet Hospital

Beef: 3, Dairy: 3 Volksrust, Volksrust Dierehospitaal

Beef: 3 Gauteng


Krugersdorp, Krugersdorp Dierehospitaal Dairy: 2



Beef: 2 Modimolle, Kranskop Dierekliniek

Beef: 3 Due to the unavailability of vaccine last year most farmers reported cases of three day stiff sickness



Beef: 3 Leeudoringstad, Leeudoringstad Dierekliniek

Beef: 3 Rustenburg, Protea Dierekliniek

Beef: 2 Schweizer-Reneke, NJ Heyns

Beef: 1 Swartruggens, Swartruggens Veterinary Clinic

Beef: 3 Ventersdorp, Buffelsvlei Dierekliniek

Beef: 2 Free State

Bothaville, Cape Cross Bothaville Veterinary Hospital Beef: 1

Three day stiff sickness in a bull Frankfort, Frankfort Dierekliniek

Beef: 3, Dairy: 2 Harrismith, Harrismith Dierehospitaal

Beef: 3, Dairy: 3 Ladybrand, Ladybrand Dierekliniek

Beef: 1 Memel, Memel Veterinary Clinic

Beef: 3 Viljoenskroon, Viljoenskroon Dierekliniek



Bergville, Tugela Vet Clinic Beef: 2

Dundee, Endumeni Herd health Beef: 3

Mild cases still seen Eshowe, Eshowe Veterinary Hospital


Beef: 2, Dairy: 2 Ingogo, Gen XY Stud Beef Consultancy


Beef: 3 Pietermaritzburg, Richmond Veterinay Clinic




Cradock, Cradock Veterinary Clinic Beef: 1

Three day stiff sickness in a bull Western Cape


Blue tongue ^


Free State

Kwazulu-Natal

Eastern Cape

Western Cape

Northern Cape

Average 2.2 (5) 1.0 (2) 2.3 (6) 2.6 (10) 2.0 (6) 2.5 (2) 2.8 (4) 3.0 (3)


Sheep 2.2 (5) 1.0 (2) 2.6 (5) 2.6 (9) 2.0 (6) 2.5 (2) 2.8 (4) 3.0 (3) Goat 1.0 (1) 3.0 (1)


Sheep: 2 Bethal, Bethal Dierekliniek


Sheep: 1 Piet Retief, Pets Vet Hospital


Sheep: 3 Gauteng


Pretoria, Onderstepoort Academic Hospital and Production Animal Clinic Sheep: 1


Sheep: 3 Leeudoringstad, Leeudoringstad Dierekliniek

Sheep: 3 Rustenburg, Protea Dierekliniek

Sheep: 1

Schweizer-Reneke, NJ Heyns Sheep: 3

Stella, Stella Dierekliniek Sheep: 3

Swartruggens, Swartruggens Veterinary Clinic Goat: 1

Free State Bothaville, Cape Cross Bothaville Veterinary Hospital

Sheep: 3 Dewetsdorp, Platkop Dierekliniek

Sheep: 2 Frankfort, Frankfort Dierekliniek


Sheep: 3 More outbreaks seen mainly with subsistence farmers with 20 -30 sheep, the 100 dose packs are too expensive to

buy Hoopstad, Hoopstad Dierekliniek


Sheep: 2 Parys, Parys Dierehospitaal


Sheep: 3, Goat: 3 Villiers, Wilgepoort Dierekliniek Vennootskap

Sheep: 2 Kwazulu-Natal


Dundee, Endumeni Herd health Sheep: 3

Estcourt, Estcourt Vet Clinic Sheep: 1



Pietermaritzburg, Richmond Veterinay Clinic Sheep: 1


Sheep: 2 Graaff-Reinet, Graaff Reinet Veterinary Clinic

Sheep: 3 Many more cases seen in the first two weeks of this month


Sheep: 3 Blue tongue was recorded on most farms in all districts. Mostly in un-vaccinated young animals. Also in un-

vaccinated Merinos. Animals that were vaccinated once had significant less mortality. Darling, Darling Dierekliniek

Sheep: 3 Malmesbury, Bergzight Dierehospitaal

Sheep: 3 Wellington, Wellington Dierehospitaal

Sheep: 2 Blue tongue in 3 flocks


Sheep: 3 Kimberley, Kimberley Dierekliniek

Sheep: 3 Kuruman, Kuruman Dierekliniek

Sheep: 3

Nagana ^


Free State

Kwazulu-Natal

Eastern Cape

Western Cape

Northern Cape

Average 3.0 (1)




Venereal Diseases

Trichomonosis ^


Free State

Kwazulu-Natal

Eastern Cape

Western Cape

Northern Cape

Average 2.5 (6) 2.0 (1) 2.0 (3) 1.9 (8) 1.8 (5) 1.5 (2) 2.0 (2)


Beef 2.5 (6) 2.0 (1) 2.0 (3) 1.9 (8) 1.8 (5) 1.5 (2) 2.0 (2) Mpumalanga

Delmas, Delmas Konsultasie Dienste Beef: 3

Ermelo, Joubertstraat Dierekliniek Beef: 1


Middelburg , Middelburg Dierehospitaal Beef: 3

Piet Retief, Pets Vet Hospital Beef: 3

Volksrust, Volksrust Dierehospitaal Beef: 3


Beef: 2

North West Schweizer-Reneke, NJ Heyns

Beef: 2 Tested heifers and 2 out of 4 positive

Ventersdorp, Buffelsvlei Dierekliniek Beef: 2



Beef: 1 Bothaville, Cape Cross Bothaville Veterinary Hospital

Beef: 1 Bull positive





Parys, Parys Dierehospitaal Beef: 2

Biosecurity and perimeter fences not up to standard on this specific farm Villiers, Wilgepoort Dierekliniek Vennootskap



Numerous cases with resultant poor conception and pyometra’s in the herd Eshowe, Eshowe Veterinary Hospital





Adelaide, Adelaide Veterinary Clinic Beef: 2

Twopositive bulls Aliwal North, Uitspan C Troskie

Beef: 1 Northern Cape

Kimberley, Kimberley Dierekliniek Beef: 2

Kuruman, Kuruman Dierekliniek Beef: 2

Vibriosis ^

PROVINCE Mpumalanga Gauteng Limpopo North Free Kwazulu- Eastern Western Northern

West State Natal Cape Cape Cape

Average 2.0 (4) 1.0 (1)


Beef 2.0 (4) 1.0 (1) Free State





Eastern Cape Somerset East, Bosberg Veterinary Clinic

Beef: 1

Bacterial Disease (other)

Blackquarter ^


Free State

Kwazulu-Natal

Eastern Cape

Western Cape

Northern Cape

Average 1.7 (3) 1.9 (7) 2.2 (5) 1.5 (2)


Beef 1.5 (2) 2.0 (6) 2.2 (5) 2.0 (1) Dairy 2.0 (1) 1.0 (1) Sheep 1.0 (1)




Beef: 2 Free State





Viljoenskroon, Viljoenskroon Dierekliniek Beef: 1, Sheep: 1

Villiers, Wilgepoort Dierekliniek Vennootskap



Estcourt, Estcourt Vet Clinic Beef: 2



This year and month have been overrepresented as far as Clostridial myositis outbreaks in herds are concerned. Higher rainfall? Increase in nutrient composition and lack of following up with booster vaccinations contributed to

the problem. Vryheid, Vryheid Veterinary Clinic


Adelaide, Adelaide Veterinary Clinic Beef: 2


Pulpy Kidney ^


Free State

Kwazulu-Natal

Eastern Cape

Western Cape

Northern Cape

Average 1.5 (4) 2.0 (1) 3.0 (3) 2.3 (7) 2.0 (1) 1.5 (2) 2.0 (1) 3.0 (1)


Beef 3.0 (1) Sheep 1.5 (4) 2.0 (1) 3.0 (1) 2.3 (7) 2.0 (1) 1.5 (2) 2.0 (1) 3.0 (1) Goat 3.0 (1)



Sheep: 1 Standerton, Econovet


Sheep: 2 Gauteng




Beef: 3 Free State


Clocolan, Clocolan Dierekliniek

Sheep: 3 Frankfort, Frankfort Dierekliniek




Sheep: 1 Villiers, Wilgepoort Dierekliniek Vennootskap







Northern Cape Kuruman, Kuruman Dierekliniek

Sheep: 3 Pulpy kidney especially in sheep of upcoming farmers. More than 200 individual cases in sheep that were not

vaccinated

Swelled head disease ^


Free State

Kwazulu-Natal

Eastern Cape

Western Cape

Northern Cape

Average 2.0 (1) 1.0 (1) 1.5 (2) 1.0 (1)


Beef 2.0 (1) 1.0 (1) Sheep 1.0 (1) 2.0 (1) 1.0 (1)


Beef: 2 Free State


Kwazulu-Natal Estcourt, Estcourt Vet Clinic



Graaff-Reinet, Graaff Reinet Veterinary Clinic Sheep: 1

Redgut (cattle) ^


Free State

Kwazulu-Natal

Eastern Cape

Western Cape

Northern Cape

Average 2.0 (1) 1.0 (1) 1.7 (3) 2.0 (2) 2.0 (2)


Beef 1.7 (3) 2.0 (2) 2.0 (1) Dairy 2.0 (1) 2.0 (1) Sheep 1.0 (1)


Dairy: 2 North West

Christiana, Christiana Dierehospitaal Sheep: 1

Free State Ficksburg, Ficksburg Dierekliniek

Beef: 2 Six deaths due to Clostridium perfringens type A



Kwazulu-Natal Kokstad, E.G.Veterinary Services

Beef: 2 Pietermaritzburg, Dr Rick Mapham Cosultancy



Humansdorp, Humansdorp Veterinary Clinic Dairy: 2

Blood gut (Sheep) ^


Free State

Kwazulu-Natal

Eastern Cape

Western Cape

Northern Cape

Average 1.0 (1) 2.0 (2) 3.0 (1)


Sheep 1.0 (1) 2.0 (2) 3.0 (1) Free State

Dewetsdorp, Platkop Dierekliniek Sheep: 1


Sheep: 2



Sheep: 3

Tetanus ^


Free State

Kwazulu-Natal

Eastern Cape

Western Cape

Northern Cape

Average 1.0 (1) 1.0 (1) 1.0 (1)


Beef 1.0 (1) Sheep 1.0 (1) 1.0 (1)

Mpumalanga Piet Retief, Pets Vet Hospital

Sheep: 1 Gauteng


Kwazulu-Natal Underberg, Underberg Veterinary Surgery

Sheep: 1

Botulism ^


Free State

Kwazulu-Natal

Eastern Cape

Western Cape

Northern Cape

Average 2.0 (1) 2.0 (2)


Beef 2.0 (1) 2.0 (2) North West


Free State Clocolan, Clocolan Dierekliniek


Beef: 1

Salmonellosis ^


Free State

Kwazulu-Natal

Eastern Cape

Western Cape

Northern Cape

Average 2.0 (1) 1.5 (2) 1.5 (4)

Level of importance scale: 1 = one case, 2 = more than one case but less than ten and 3 = more than 10 cases

reported

Beef 1.3 (3) Dairy 2.0 (1) 2.0 (1) Sheep 1.0 (1) 2.0 (1)


Dairy: 2 Preventative vaccination of pregnant cows during the dry period now implemented

Gauteng Bapsfontein, Bapsfontein Dierehospitaal

Dairy: 2 Salmonella Dublin

Pretoria, Onderstepoort Academic Hospital and Production Animal Clinic Sheep: 1


Beef: 2, Sheep: 2 Pietermaritzburg, Dr Rick Mapham Cosultancy


Beef: 1

Brucella abortus ^


Free State

Kwazulu-Natal

Eastern Cape

Western Cape

Northern Cape

Average 2.3 (3) 2.0 (1) 3.0 (1) 2.7 (3)


Beef 2.0 (2) 2.0 (1) 3.0 (1) 2.7 (3) Dairy 3.0 (1)



Beef: 1 Limpopo

Machado, Blouberg Dierekliniek Beef: 2


Beef: 3 Free State




Brucella ovis ^


Free State

Kwazulu-Natal

Eastern Cape

Western Cape

Northern Cape

Average 2.0 (1) 3.0 (1)


Sheep 2.0 (1) 3.0 (1) Free State


Northern Cape Upington, Upington Veterinary Clinic

Sheep: 3 Four adjacent farms with lambing percentages at 35 to 40%. About 80% of rams positive for Brucella ovis. On

semen evaluation 95% of positive ram's semen had 20-50% loose heads.

Bovine Tuberculosis ^


Free State

Kwazulu-Natal

Eastern Cape

Western Cape

Northern Cape

Average 3.0 (1)


Beef 3.0 (1) Free State


Leptospirosis ^


Free State

Kwazulu-Natal

Eastern Cape

Western Cape

Northern Cape

Average 2.0 (1) 2.0 (1)


Beef 2.0 (1) 2.0 (1) Kwazulu-Natal



Beef: 2

Pseudomonas ^


Free State

Kwazulu-Natal

Eastern Cape

Western Cape

Northern Cape

Average 1.0 (1)


Dairy 1.0 (1) Mpumalanga

Delmas, Delmas Konsultasie Dienste Dairy: 1

Septicaemia ^


Free State

Kwazulu-Natal

Eastern Cape

Western Cape

Northern Cape

Average 3.0 (1) 2.0 (1)


Dairy 3.0 (1) 2.0 (1) Mpumalanga


Eastern Cape Jeffreys Bay, Cape Cross Veterinary Hospital

Dairy: 2

Enzootic Abortion ^


Free State

Kwazulu-Natal

Eastern Cape

Western Cape

Northern Cape

Average 1.0 (2) 3.0 (1) 2.0 (1) 3.0 (1)


Sheep 1.0 (1) 3.0 (1) 2.0 (1) 3.0 (1) Goat 1.0 (1)


Sheep: 1, Goat: 1 Gauteng


In two flocks severe abortions, up to 30% abortions. Free State

Kroonstad, Kroonstad Dierehospitaal Sheep: 2

Kwazulu-Natal Underberg, Waterford Farm, Underberg

Sheep: 3 Numerous abortions in two flocks (30% of ewes aborted)

E. coli ^


Free State

Kwazulu-Natal

Eastern Cape

Western Cape

Northern Cape

Average 2.0 (2) 2.0 (1) 2.0 (1) 2.0 (3) 2.5 (2) 2.0 (1)


Beef 2.0 (1) 2.0 (1) 2.0 (1) Dairy 2.0 (2) 2.0 (1) 2.0 (1) Sheep 2.0 (1) 3.0 (1) 2.0 (1)



Dairy: 3 North West




Estcourt, Estcourt Vet Clinic Dairy: 2

E.coli mastitis Kokstad, E.G.Veterinary Services

Beef: 2, Sheep: 2 Eastern Cape

Calvinia, Calvinia Veeartskliniek Sheep: 3

Fifty deaths in lambs, underlying problem Chlamydiosis, on numerous farms Jeffreys Bay, Cape Cross Veterinary Hospital


Malmesbury, Bergzight Dierehospitaal Sheep: 2

Abortions in beef herd, E.coli isolated

Bovine Dermatophilosis (Senkobo disease) ^


Free State

Kwazulu-Natal

Eastern Cape

Western Cape

Northern Cape

Average 2.0 (1)




Fusibacterium necrophorum ^


Free State

Kwazulu-Natal

Eastern Cape

Western Cape

Northern Cape

Average 3.0 (1)




Protozoal diseases (other)

Coccidiosis ^


Free State

Kwazulu-Natal

Eastern Cape

Western Cape

Northern Cape

Average 2.3 (3) 2.0 (3) 2.5 (2) 1.0 (1) 2.0 (4) 2.2 (5) 1.0 (1) 2.0 (1)


Beef 1.0 (1) 2.0 (2) 1.0 (1) Dairy 2.0 (1) Sheep 3.0 (1) 3.0 (1) 2.5 (2) 2.5 (2) 2.5 (2) Goat 2.0 (1) 1.5 (2) 1.5 (2) 2.0 (1) 2.0 (1)

Mpumalanga Ermelo, Moregloed Veterinere Spreekkamer


Goat: 2 Piet Retief, Pets Vet Hospital

Dairy: 2 Gauteng

Bronkhorstspruit, Kerkstraat Dierekliniek Goat: 2


Pretoria, Onderstepoort Academic Hospital and Production Animal Clinic Goat: 1


Sheep: 3 Coccidiosis in lambs

Machado, Blouberg Dierekliniek Sheep: 2


Beef: 1 Free State


Bothaville, Cape Cross Bothaville Veterinary Hospital Sheep: 2, Goat: 2

Kroonstad, Kroonstad Dierehospitaal Goat: 1


Beef: 2, Sheep: 2 Mtubatuba, Mtubatuba Animal Clinic

Beef: 2, Goat: 2 Underberg, Waterford Farm, Underberg




Goat: 2 Angora kids

Fungal diseases

Ringworm ^


Free State

Kwazulu-Natal

Eastern Cape

Western Cape

Northern Cape

Average 1.3 (3) 1.0 (1) 2.0 (1) 2.0 (2) 1.3 (3) 2.0 (1)


Beef 1.0 (2) 1.0 (1) 2.0 (1) 2.0 (2) 1.3 (3) Dairy 2.0 (1) 2.0 (1)




Beef: 1 Gauteng



Beef: 2 Free State



Kwazulu-Natal Mtubatuba, Mtubatuba Animal Clinic



Beef: 1 Western Cape


Viral Diseases (other)

BMC ^


Free State

Kwazulu-Natal

Eastern Cape

Western Cape

Northern Cape

Average 2.0 (3) 1.0 (1) 2.0 (4) 1.0 (1) 1.5 (4) 1.0 (1) 2.0 (1) 1.0 (1)


Beef 2.0 (3) 1.0 (1) 2.0 (4) 1.0 (1) 1.5 (4) 1.0 (1) 2.0 (1) 1.0 (1) Mpumalanga

Balfour, Balfour Dierekliniek Beef: 2

Ermelo, Moregloed Veterinere Spreekkamer Beef: 2

Cattle on a game farm Volksrust, Volksrust Dierehospitaal

Beef: 2 Gauteng





Beef: 2 Vaalwater, Vaalwater Dierespreekkamer

Beef: 2 North West


Free State Harrismith, Harrismith Dierehospitaal



Beef: 1 Winburg, Winburg Dierekliniek



Eastern Cape Adelaide, Adelaide Veterinary Clinic

Beef: 2 Four cases


Beef: 1 BMC in a buffalo

Rabies ^


Free State

Kwazulu-Natal

Eastern Cape

Western Cape

Northern Cape

Average 1.0 (1)


Beef 1.0 (1) Mpumalanga


BVD (Bovine viral diarrhoea) ^


Free State

Kwazulu-Natal

Eastern Cape

Western Cape

Northern Cape

Average 2.0 (1) 1.0 (1) 2.0 (1) 2.0 (1)


Beef 2.0 (1) 1.0 (1) 2.0 (1) Dairy 2.0 (1)


Beef: 2 North West


BVD in a stud bull Kwazulu-Natal



Dairy: 2

IBR (Infectious bovine rhinotracheitis) ^


Free State

Kwazulu-Natal

Eastern Cape

Western Cape

Northern Cape

Average 2.0 (1) 2.0 (1) 2.0 (1) 2.0 (1)


Beef 2.0 (1) 2.0 (1) Dairy 2.0 (1) 2.0 (1)


Dairy: 2 Free State





BRSV (Bovine respiratory syncytial virus) ^


Free State

Kwazulu-Natal

Eastern Cape

Western Cape

Northern Cape

Average 1.0 (1)


Dairy 1.0 (1) Eastern Cape


Enzootic Bovine Leucosis (EBL) ^


Free State

Kwazulu-Natal

Eastern Cape

Western Cape

Northern Cape

Average 3.0 (1) 3.0 (1) 1.0 (1) 1.3 (3) 2.0 (1) 1.0 (2)


Beef 3.0 (1) 1.0 (1) 1.5 (2) 1.0 (2) Dairy 3.0 (1) 1.0 (1) 2.0 (1)


Dairy: 3 North West




Estcourt, Estcourt Vet Clinic

Dairy: 1 Pietermaritzburg, Dr Rick Mapham Cosultancy




Western Cape Stellenbosch, Stellenbosch Animal Hospital


Beef: 1

Orf ^


Free State

Kwazulu-Natal

Eastern Cape

Western Cape

Northern Cape

Average 1.0 (2) 1.0 (1) 2.0 (2) 2.3 (3) 1.0 (2) 2.0 (2)


Sheep 1.0 (1) 2.0 (1) 2.3 (3) 1.0 (1) 2.0 (2) Goat 1.0 (1) 1.0 (1) 2.0 (1) 1.0 (1)



Goat: 1 Gauteng



Goat: 2 Swartruggens, Swartruggens Veterinary Clinic

Sheep: 2 Free State

Kroonstad, Kroonstad Dierehospitaal Sheep: 2

Parys, Parys Dierehospitaal Sheep: 2



Goat: 1 Kokstad, E.G.Veterinary Services



Riversdal, Riversdal Dierekliniek

Sheep: 3 Few hundred sheep were affected

Warts ^


Free State

Kwazulu-Natal

Eastern Cape

Western Cape

Northern Cape

Average 1.5 (2) 3.0 (1) 2.3 (3) 2.2 (6) 1.0 (1) 1.7 (3)


Beef 1.0 (1) 3.0 (1) 2.3 (3) 2.0 (5) 1.0 (1) 1.7 (3) Dairy 2.0 (1) Sheep 3.0 (1)



Dairy: 2 North West









Underberg, Underberg Veterinary Surgery Beef: 3, Sheep: 3




Heidelberg WC, Heidelberg Dierekliniek Beef: 2

Malmesbury, Dr Otto Kriek Beef: 1


Poisonings (Plant)

Cardiac glycoside poisoning ^


Free State

Kwazulu-Natal

Eastern Cape

Western Cape

Northern Cape

Average 1.0 (1) 1.0 (2) 2.0 (1) 2.0 (3)


Beef 1.0 (1) 1.0 (1) 2.0 (1) Dairy 1.0 (1) Sheep 2.0 (1) 2.0 (2)

Mpumalanga Bethal, Bethal Dierekliniek


Estcourt, Estcourt Vet Clinic Beef: 1, Dairy: 1 Western Cape


Witstorm poisoning Northern Cape

De Aar, De Aar Veterinary Clinic Beef: 2

Vaalstorm Sheep: 2

Upington, Upington Veterinary Clinic Sheep: 2

Suspect tulip or slangkop poisoning

Cestrum ^


Free State

Kwazulu-Natal

Eastern Cape

Western Cape

Northern Cape

Average 3.0 (1) 2.3 (3) 3.0 (1)


Beef 3.0 (1) 2.3 (3) 3.0 (1) North West


Numerous cattle died Free State




Eastern Cape


Eleven deaths on two farms

Cynanchum poisoning ^


Free State

Kwazulu-Natal

Eastern Cape

Western Cape

Northern Cape

Average 3.0 (1) 3.0 (1)


Beef 3.0 (1) Sheep 3.0 (1)

Eastern Cape Alexandria, Alexandria Platteland Spreekkamer

Beef: 3 Six deaths on two farms

Western Cape Riversdal, Riversdal Dierekliniek

Sheep: 3

Facial eczema ^


Free State

Kwazulu-Natal

Eastern Cape

Western Cape

Northern Cape

Average 2.0 (2)


Beef 2.0 (1) Sheep 2.0 (1)


Beef: 2, Sheep: 2

Geeldikkop/Dikoor ^


Free State

Kwazulu-Natal

Eastern Cape

Western Cape

Northern Cape

Average 1.0 (1)


Sheep 1.0 (1) Free State


Kikuyu poisoning ^


Free State

Kwazulu-Natal

Eastern Cape

Western Cape

Northern Cape

Average 2.0 (1) 3.0 (1)


Beef 2.0 (1) 3.0 (1) Kwazulu-Natal


Western Cape Riversdal, Riversdal Dierekliniek

Beef: 3 10 calves were poisoned

Lantana ^


Free State

Kwazulu-Natal

Eastern Cape

Western Cape

Northern Cape

Average 3.0 (1)




Indigenous cattle seem to be more resistant to Lantana poisoning

Other ^


Free State

Kwazulu-Natal

Eastern Cape

Western Cape

Northern Cape

Average 1.0 (1) 2.0 (1) 1.0 (1) 3.0 (1) 3.0 (1)


Beef 1.0 (1) 2.0 (1) 1.0 (1) 3.0 (1) 3.0 (1) Mpumalanga

Ermelo, Joubertstraat Dierekliniek Beef: 1

Soya poisoning Free State


Ergot due to Claviceps paspali Kwazulu-Natal


Copper poisoning

Eastern Cape Stutterheim, Stutterheim Veterinary Clinic

Beef: 3 Oak acorn poisoning, 54 weaners lost, exposed to acorns when weaned onto an overgrazed pasture with oak

trees. Nephrosis confirmed on histopathology. Western Cape


Poisoning due to mouldy silage

Prussic acid poisoning ^


Free State

Kwazulu-Natal

Eastern Cape

Western Cape

Northern Cape

Average 1.0 (1)


Sheep 1.0 (1) Eastern Cape


Seneciosis ^


Free State

Kwazulu-Natal

Eastern Cape

Western Cape

Northern Cape

Average 1.0 (1)



Pietermaritzburg, Dr Rick Mapham Cosultancy Beef: 1

Tulip Poisoning ^


Free State

Kwazulu-Natal

Eastern Cape

Western Cape

Northern Cape

Average 2.0 (1) 1.0 (1) 1.5 (2) 2.0 (2)


Beef 2.0 (1) 1.5 (2) 1.0 (1) Dairy 1.0 (1) Sheep 3.0 (1)

North West Vryburg, Molopo Dierespreekkamer




Beef: 2 Somerset East, Bosberg Veterinary Clinic



15 sheep died- tulip poisoning was confirmed Stellenbosch, Stellenbosch Animal Hospital

Beef: 1

Vermeersiekte (Gaigeria spp.) ^


Free State

Kwazulu-Natal

Eastern Cape

Western Cape

Northern Cape

Average 1.0 (1)


Sheep 1.0 (1) Mpumalanga

Balfour, Balfour Dierekliniek Sheep: 1

Poisonings

Water contamination ^


Free State

Kwazulu-Natal

Eastern Cape

Western Cape

Northern Cape

Average 3.0 (1) 2.0 (1)


Beef 2.0 (1) Dairy 3.0 (1)



Heidelberg WC, Heidelberg Dierekliniek Beef: 2

Urea Poisoning ^


Free State

Kwazulu-Natal

Eastern Cape

Western Cape

Northern Cape

Average 1.0 (2)





Snake Bite ^


Free State

Kwazulu-Natal

Eastern Cape

Western Cape

Northern Cape

Average 1.0 (1)


Beef 1.0 (1) Mpumalanga


Blue-green algae ^


Free State

Kwazulu-Natal

Eastern Cape

Western Cape

Northern Cape

Average 1.0 (1) 1.0 (1) 1.0 (1)


Beef 1.0 (1) 1.0 (1) Dairy 1.0 (1)





Beef: 1

Macro Nutritional Problems

Energy deficiency ^


Free State

Kwazulu-Natal

Eastern Cape

Western Cape

Northern Cape

Average 2.8 (4) 2.0 (1) 2.5 (4) 3.0 (2) 3.0 (1)


Beef 2.5 (2) 2.5 (2) 3.0 (2) Dairy 3.0 (1) 3.0 (1) Sheep 3.0 (1) 2.0 (1) 2.5 (2)


Beef: 2, Dairy: 3 Middelburg , Middelburg Dierehospitaal

Beef: 3 During this time of the year grazing has little nutritional value. Sheep appear to be fat and healthy but this is due to the wool fleece. However underneath there is no muscle and fat accumulation. Now is the time to supplement

energy through licks. Fortunately fields with soya become available. Sheep: 3


Sheep: 2 Energy and protein imbalance



Beef: 3 Farmers have changed to winter licks in April due to the fact that the cows are losing weight fast.


Winburg, Winburg Dierekliniek Beef: 2



Beef: 3 Too little energy and calcium and too much phosphate given


Dairy: 3

Protein deficiency ^


Free State

Kwazulu-Natal

Eastern Cape

Western Cape

Northern Cape

Average 2.0 (1) 2.0 (1) 2.0 (2) 1.0 (2) 3.0 (1)


Beef 2.0 (1) 1.0 (1) Dairy 2.0 (1) 1.0 (1) 3.0 (1) Sheep 2.0 (1) 2.0 (1)


Dairy: 2


Sheep: 2 Energy and protein imbalance


Sheep: 2 Winburg, Winburg Dierekliniek


Estcourt, Estcourt Vet Clinic Beef: 1, Dairy: 1 Eastern Cape


Phosphate deficiency ^


Free State

Kwazulu-Natal

Eastern Cape

Western Cape

Northern Cape

Average 2.0 (1) 2.0 (1) 2.0 (2)


Beef 2.0 (1) 3.0 (1) Dairy 2.0 (1) 1.0 (1)


Dairy: 2 North West




Dairy: 1

Calcium deficiency ^


Free State

Kwazulu-Natal

Eastern Cape

Western Cape

Northern Cape

Average 3.0 (1) 2.0 (1) 2.5 (2) 3.0 (1)


Beef 2.5 (2) Dairy 3.0 (1) 3.0 (1) Sheep 2.0 (1)


Dairy: 3





Too little energy and calcium and too much phosphate given Eastern Cape


Micro Nutritional Problems

Copper deficiency ^


Free State

Kwazulu-Natal

Eastern Cape

Western Cape

Northern Cape

Average 2.0 (1) 3.0 (1) 2.0 (1)


Beef 3.0 (1) Sheep 2.0 (1) 2.0 (1)





Sheep: 2

Zinc deficiency ^


Free State

Kwazulu-Natal

Eastern Cape

Western Cape

Northern Cape

Average 2.0 (1)


Beef 2.0 (1) Eastern Cape


Selenium deficiency ^


Free State

Kwazulu-Natal

Eastern Cape

Western Cape

Northern Cape

Average 2.0 (1) 1.0 (1) 3.0 (1) 2.3 (6) 2.7 (3)


Beef 2.5 (4) 3.0 (1) Dairy 2.0 (1) 3.0 (1) 2.5 (2) Sheep 1.0 (1) 3.0 (1) 1.0 (1)


Dairy: 2 Gauteng










Dairy: 2 Jeffreys Bay, Cape Cross Veterinary Hospital

Dairy: 3 Somerset East, Bosberg Veterinary Clinic

Beef: 3

Vitamin A deficiency ^


Free State

Kwazulu-Natal

Eastern Cape

Western Cape

Northern Cape

Average 2.0 (1) 3.0 (1) 3.0 (1)


Beef 3.0 (1) 3.0 (1) Dairy 2.0 (1)


Dairy: 2 North West


Kwazulu-Natal


Multi-factorial Disease Conditions

Abortions ^


Free State

Kwazulu-Natal

Eastern Cape

Western Cape

Northern Cape

Average 2.0 (5) 1.0 (1) 1.0 (1) 3.0 (3) 2.3 (8) 2.0 (12) 2.0 (1) 2.0 (7) 3.0 (1)


Beef 2.0 (2) 3.0 (2) 2.0 (4) 2.1 (7) 2.0 (1) 2.3 (4) Dairy 3.0 (1) 1.0 (1) 2.0 (2) Sheep 1.5 (2) 1.0 (1) 1.0 (1) 3.0 (1) 2.5 (4) 2.0 (4) 1.0 (1) 3.0 (1)


Sheep: 1 Delmas, Delmas Konsultasie Dienste


Beef: 2 Standerton, Econovet


Bronkhorstspruit, Kerkstraat Dierekliniek Sheep: 1 Limpopo



Beef: 3, Sheep: 3 Stella, Stella Dierekliniek

Beef: 3 Free State

Bothaville, Cape Cross Bothaville Veterinary Hospital Beef: 2

Clocolan, Clocolan Dierekliniek Sheep: 3

Hoopstad, Hoopstad Dierekliniek Sheep: 3




Bergville, Tugela Vet Clinic Beef: 2, Sheep: 2

Estcourt, Estcourt Vet Clinic


Beef: 3, Sheep: 2 Kokstad, E.G.Veterinary Services





Humansdorp, Humansdorp Veterinary Clinic Beef: 2


Sheep: 1 Abortions due to Chlamydophyla (enzootic abortion)

Darling, Darling Dierekliniek Dairy: 2

Abortions noted when dairy cows brought in for 100 day pregnancy diagnosis confirmation. Numerous resorbtions between 28-40 days after insemination.


Malmesbury, Bergzight Dierehospitaal Beef: 2




Northern Cape Kuruman, Kuruman Dierekliniek

Sheep: 3 Farmers contact veterinarian for advice but do not bring in cases for necropsy

Abscesses ^


Free State

Kwazulu-Natal

Eastern Cape

Western Cape

Northern Cape

Average 1.7 (3) 1.5 (2) 1.0 (2) 3.0 (6) 2.1 (7) 2.2 (16) 1.5 (6)


Beef 1.0 (1) 1.0 (1) 3.0 (3) 2.0 (3) 2.3 (9) 1.7 (3) Dairy 2.0 (2) 1.0 (1) 1.5 (2) Sheep 2.0 (1) 1.0 (1) 3.0 (2) 2.3 (4) 2.5 (4) Goat 1.0 (1) 3.0 (1) 1.5 (2) 1.0 (1)




Beef: 1 Gauteng



Abscesses due to Trueperella (Corynebacterium) Limpopo




Beef: 3, Sheep: 3 Stella, Stella Dierekliniek

Beef: 3, Sheep: 3 Swartruggens, Swartruggens Veterinary Clinic

Beef: 3 Tick bites causing abscesses on the prepuce. Intensive treatment was given to prevent scar tissue formation

Goat: 3 Free State




Villiers, Wilgepoort Dierekliniek Vennootskap Beef: 2, Sheep: 2


Traumatic reticulo-pericarditis due to penetrating wire Kwazulu-Natal







Mtubatuba, Mtubatuba Animal Clinic Beef: 2, Sheep: 2, Goat: 2




Corynebacterium Western Cape

Ceres, Ceres Veterinary Hospital Beef: 2

Malmesbury, Bergzight Dierehospitaal Dairy: 2


Wellington, Wellington Dierehospitaal Beef: 1

Abscesses in one herd Dairy: 1

Abscesses in one herd Goat: 1

Abscesses in one flock

Abscesses in general ^


Free State

Kwazulu-Natal

Eastern Cape

Western Cape

Northern Cape

Average 3.0 (1) 1.0 (2) 2.0 (3)


Beef 1.0 (1) 2.0 (2) Dairy 3.0 (1) Sheep 1.0 (1) 2.0 (1)


Dairy: 3 Gauteng

Pretoria, Onderstepoort Academic Hospital and Production Animal Clinic Beef: 1, Sheep: 1

Free State Dewetsdorp, Platkop Dierekliniek


Beef: 2, Sheep: 2

Bladder stones ^


Free State

Kwazulu-Natal

Eastern Cape

Western Cape

Northern Cape

Average 2.0 (1)




Sheep: 2

Blindness ^


Free State

Kwazulu-Natal

Eastern Cape

Western Cape

Northern Cape

Average 2.0 (4) 2.0 (1)


Beef 2.0 (2) Sheep 2.0 (2) 2.0 (1)

Free State Parys, Parys Dierehospitaal


Beef: 2, Sheep: 2 Zastron, Zastron Dierekliniek

Sheep: 2 Blindness in 2 rams

Eastern Cape Stutterheim, Stutterheim Veterinary Clinic

Sheep: 2

Bloat ^


Free State

Kwazulu-Natal

Eastern Cape

Western Cape

Northern Cape

Average 1.5 (2) 1.5 (2) 2.0 (1)


Beef 1.0 (1) 1.5 (2) Dairy 2.0 (1) 2.0 (1)



Beef: 1 Free State




Dairy: 2

Blood gut (sheep and goat) ^



Average 2.0 (1)




Blue udder ^


Free State

Kwazulu-Natal

Eastern Cape

Western Cape

Northern Cape

Average 2.0 (2) 2.0 (2) 3.0 (1)


Dairy 2.0 (2) Sheep 2.0 (2) 3.0 (1)



Dairy: 3 Free State




Sheep: 3 Mannheimia haemolytica

Diarrhoea ^


Free State

Kwazulu-Natal

Eastern Cape

Western Cape

Northern Cape

Average 2.0 (2) 1.5 (2) 3.0 (1) 3.0 (2) 2.3 (3) 2.2 (10) 2.0 (4)


Beef 1.0 (1) 1.0 (1) 3.0 (1) 3.0 (1) 2.5 (2) 2.2 (5) 2.0 (2) Dairy 3.0 (1) 2.0 (1) 2.0 (1) Sheep 2.0 (1) 3.0 (1) 2.0 (1) 2.5 (2) 2.0 (1) Goat 2.0 (2)



Beef: 1 Gauteng




Beef: 3 Diarrhoea in calves


Beef: 3, Sheep: 3 Free State



Bergville, Tugela Vet Clinic Beef: 1




Mtubatuba, Mtubatuba Animal Clinic Sheep: 2, Goat: 2


Western Cape Ceres, Ceres Veterinary Hospital

Beef: 1 Chronic diarrhoea - adult cow



Wellington, Wellington Dierehospitaal Sheep: 2

Diarrhoea in two week old lambs probably water borne infection

Eye Cancer ^


Free State

Kwazulu-Natal

Eastern Cape

Western Cape

Northern Cape

Average 1.3 (3) 1.0 (1) 2.0 (1) 2.0 (1)


Beef 1.0 (1) Dairy 1.5 (2) 1.0 (1) 2.0 (1) 2.0 (1)









Eye infections ^


Free State

Kwazulu-Natal

Eastern Cape

Western Cape

Northern Cape

Average 1.8 (5) 1.8 (4) 2.0 (5) 3.0 (6) 2.5 (6) 2.4 (16) 2.5 (2) 2.0 (6) 2.3 (3)


Beef 2.0 (2) 1.5 (2) 2.0 (4) 3.0 (4) 2.4 (5) 2.4 (9) 2.0 (1) 1.8 (4) 2.5 (2) Dairy 1.5 (2) 3.0 (1) Sheep 2.0 (1) 2.0 (2) 2.0 (1) 3.0 (2) 3.0 (1) 2.3 (4) 3.0 (1) 2.0 (1) 2.0 (1) Goat 2.3 (3)




Beef: 2, Sheep: 2 Grootvlei, Grootvlei Dierekliniek

Beef: 2 Gauteng

Bronkhorstspruit, Kerkstraat Dierekliniek Beef: 2, Sheep: 2





Beef: 2, Sheep: 2


Tzaneen, Tzaneen Dierekliniek Beef: 2


Beef: 3 Leeudoringstad, Leeudoringstad Dierekliniek

Beef: 3, Sheep: 3 Schweizer-Reneke, NJ Heyns

Beef: 3 Stella, Stella Dierekliniek

Beef: 3, Sheep: 3 Free State







Beef: 2 Howick, Howick Veterinary Clinic

Beef: 3 Ingogo, Gen XY Stud Beef Consultancy



Sheep: 1 Mtubatuba, Mtubatuba Animal Clinic

Beef: 3, Goat: 3 Pietermaritzburg, Richmond Veterinay Clinic

Beef: 2, Sheep: 2, Goat: 2 Pongola, Pongola Animal Clinic

Beef: 2, Goat: 2 Underberg, Underberg Veterinary Surgery






Beef: 1 Removal of an eye due to ulceration







Sheep: 2 Kathu, Kathu Dierekliniek

Beef: 2 Kimberley, Kimberley Dierekliniek

Beef: 3

Joint Ill ^


Free State

Kwazulu-Natal

Eastern Cape

Western Cape

Northern Cape

Average 2.0 (2) 1.0 (1) 1.0 (1) 2.0 (1) 2.0 (1) 1.3 (3)


Beef 2.0 (1) 1.0 (1) 2.0 (1) 2.0 (1) 2.0 (1) Dairy 2.0 (1) Sheep 1.0 (1) 1.0 (2)



Beef: 2 Gauteng

Pretoria, Onderstepoort Academic Hospital and Production Animal Clinic Sheep: 1 Limpopo







Sheep: 1 Swellendam, Swellendam Dierehospitaal

Beef: 2

Lameness/Foot Problems ^


Free State

Kwazulu-Natal

Eastern Cape

Western Cape

Northern Cape

Average 2.0 (5) 1.3 (3) 3.0 (2) 2.3 (12) 2.3 (14) 2.5 (6) 2.7 (3)


Beef 1.5 (2) 1.5 (2) 3.0 (1) 2.3 (7) 2.3 (8) 2.0 (1) 2.7 (3) Dairy 2.0 (2) 2.0 (1) 2.0 (1) Sheep 3.0 (1) 1.0 (1) 3.0 (1) 2.5 (4) 2.5 (4) 2.5 (4) Goat 2.0 (1) 3.0 (1)






Beef: 1 Gauteng





Beef: 3 Due to bont-legged ticks

Sheep: 3 Due to bont-legged ticks


Beef: 3 Foot rot and abscesses

Sheep: 3 Foot rot and abscesses



Harrismith, Harrismith Dierehospitaal Beef: 3, Sheep: 3

Kroonstad, Kroonstad Dierehospitaal Beef: 2, Dairy: 2

Memel, Memel Veterinary Clinic

Beef: 1, Sheep: 2 Viljoenskroon, Viljoenskroon Dierekliniek


Dundee, Endumeni Herd health Beef: 3, Sheep: 3



Mooi River, Mooirivier Vet Clinic Beef: 3, Sheep: 3




Hyalomma (bont-legged ticks) ticks cause problems. Underberg, Underberg Veterinary Surgery



Aliwal North, Uitspan C Troskie Beef: 2, Sheep: 2


Severe problem Graaff-Reinet, Graaff Reinet Veterinary Clinic

Sheep: 3 Many cases of foot abscesses seen

Goat: 3 Many cases of foot abscesses seen

Somerset East, Bosberg Veterinary Clinic Sheep: 2

Due to ticks (Rhipicephalus neumanni) Western Cape




Lung infection ^


Free State

Kwazulu-Natal

Eastern Cape

Western Cape

Northern Cape

Average 2.3 (7) 1.5 (4) 2.0 (3) 2.5 (8) 2.2 (12) 2.2 (11) 1.8 (6) 1.8 (8) 2.0 (1)

Level of importance scale: 1 = one case, 2 = more than one case but less than ten and 3 = more than 10 cases

reported

Beef 2.3 (3) 1.0 (1) 2.2 (5) 2.1 (7) 2.2 (6) 2.0 (1) 2.0 (2) Dairy 2.0 (2) 2.0 (1) 1.0 (1) Sheep 2.5 (2) 2.0 (2) 2.0 (3) 3.0 (2) 2.2 (5) 2.3 (3) 2.0 (4) 1.7 (6) 2.0 (1) Goat 1.0 (1) 3.0 (1) 2.0 (1)



Dairy: 3 Ermelo, Moregloed Veterinere Spreekkamer

Beef: 3, Sheep: 3 Grootvlei, Grootvlei Dierekliniek



Bapsfontein, Bapsfontein Dierehospitaal Sheep: 2

Mainly Mannheimia haemolytica Bronkhorstspruit, Kerkstraat Dierekliniek

Goat: 1 Pretoria, Anima Veterinary Consulting Rooms

Sheep: 2 Pretoria, Onderstepoort Academic Hospital and Production Animal Clinic

Beef: 1 Limpopo

Bela-Bela, Warmbad Dierekliniek Sheep: 2

Machado, Blouberg Dierekliniek Sheep: 2



Beef: 3, Sheep: 3, Goat: 3 Leeudoringstad, Leeudoringstad Dierekliniek

Beef: 3, Sheep: 3 Rustenburg, Protea Dierekliniek

Beef: 1 Schweizer-Reneke, NJ Heyns

Beef: 2 Swartruggens, Swartruggens Veterinary Clinic

Beef: 2 Free State

Bethlehem, Bethlehem Animal Hospital Sheep: 3

Pasteurellosis Bloemfontein, Dr Stephan Wessels

Beef: 3, Sheep: 3 Clocolan, Clocolan Dierekliniek

Beef: 3 Ficksburg, Ficksburg Dierekliniek





Beef: 2, Sheep: 2 Winburg, Winburg Dierekliniek









Eastern Cape Alexandria, Alexandria Platteland Spreekkamer

Beef: 2 Aliwal North, Uitspan C Troskie

Sheep: 2 Calvinia, Calvinia Veeartskliniek

Sheep: 3 Pasteurellosis


Humansdorp, Humansdorp Veterinary Clinic Dairy: 1, Sheep: 1 Western Cape


Pneumonia in blue tongue sheep due to secondary infections Caledon, Overberg Veterinary Hospital

Sheep: 2 Ceres, Ceres Veterinary Hospital

Sheep: 1 Darling, Darling Dierekliniek

Beef: 2, Sheep: 2 Heidelberg WC, Heidelberg Dierekliniek


Sheep: 2 Malmesbury, Dr Otto Kriek

Beef: 2

Pasteurellosis Northern Cape

De Aar, De Aar Veterinary Clinic Sheep: 2

Mastitis in general ^


Free State

Kwazulu-Natal

Eastern Cape

Western Cape

Northern Cape

Average 2.0 (3) 1.0 (1) 1.0 (2) 2.0 (4) 2.3 (8) 2.5 (2) 2.7 (6)


Beef 1.0 (1) 1.0 (2) 2.3 (3) 2.6 (5) 2.0 (1) 2.5 (4) Dairy 2.0 (3) 2.0 (1) 3.0 (1) 3.0 (2) Sheep 1.0 (1) 1.0 (1) Goat 2.0 (1)


Dairy: 1 Bethal, Bethal Dierekliniek


Dairy: 3 Limpopo



Beef: 1 Rustenburg, Protea Dierekliniek

Beef: 1 Free State


Severe resistant Staphylococcus mastitis Clocolan, Clocolan Dierekliniek











Eastern Cape Cradock, Cradock Veterinary Clinic

Beef: 2 Jeffreys Bay, Cape Cross Veterinary Hospital








Navel Ill ^


Free State

Kwazulu-Natal

Eastern Cape

Western Cape

Northern Cape

Average 2.0 (1) 3.0 (1) 2.0 (1)


Beef 3.0 (1) 2.0 (1) Dairy 2.0 (1)


Dairy: 2 Free State



Beef: 2

Redgut (Sheep) ^


Free State

Kwazulu-Natal

Eastern Cape

Western Cape

Northern Cape

Average 2.0 (1)


Sheep 2.0 (1)

Free State Dewetsdorp, Platkop Dierekliniek

Sheep: 2

Metabolic Diseases

Acidosis ^


Free State

Kwazulu-Natal

Eastern Cape

Western Cape

Northern Cape

Average 1.5 (4) 1.0 (1) 1.0 (1)


Beef 1.0 (1) 1.0 (1) Dairy 1.5 (2) 1.0 (1) Sheep 2.0 (1)

Mpumalanga Bethal, Bethal Dierekliniek

Beef: 1, Sheep: 2 Delmas, Delmas Konsultasie Dienste


Dairy: 1 Accidental intake of Litchi juice effluent from fruit juice factory




Displaced abomasum ^


Free State

Kwazulu-Natal

Eastern Cape

Western Cape

Northern Cape

Average 2.0 (1)




Ketosis ^


Free State

Kwazulu-Natal

Eastern Cape

Western Cape

Northern Cape

Average 3.0 (1) 1.7 (3) 3.0 (1) 2.0 (1)


Beef 1.0 (1) Dairy 3.0 (1) 3.0 (1) Sheep 2.0 (2) 2.0 (1)


Dairy: 3 Free State




Kwazulu-Natal Underberg, Underberg Veterinary Surgery

Dairy: 3 This complex of diseases is always present and is a result of Dry cow nutrition; DCAB and Energy/roughage. This

issue often occurs in the higher producing herds. Western Cape


Milk Fever ^


Free State

Kwazulu-Natal

Eastern Cape

Western Cape

Northern Cape

Average 2.0 (2) 1.0 (2) 1.0 (1) 2.0 (2) 2.0 (1)


Beef 1.0 (1) Dairy 2.0 (2) 1.0 (1) 1.0 (1) 2.0 (2) 2.0 (1)



Dairy: 3 Free State


Kroonstad, Kroonstad Dierehospitaal Dairy: 1


Dairy: 1 Eastern Cape



Western Cape Malmesbury, Bergzight Dierehospitaal

Dairy: 2

Reproductive diseases

Dystocia (Difficult Births) ^


Free State

Kwazulu-Natal

Eastern Cape

Western Cape

Northern Cape

Average 2.0 (6) 1.5 (4) 2.0 (1) 2.0 (4) 1.9 (20) 1.9 (10) 2.0 (4) 2.1 (7) 1.0 (1)


Beef 2.0 (4) 1.5 (2) 2.0 (4) 1.8 (12) 2.2 (6) 2.0 (3) 2.3 (3)

Dairy 2.0 (2) 2.0 (3) 1.0 (1) 2.0 (1) 2.0 (2) Sheep 1.5 (2) 2.0 (1) 2.0 (5) 1.5 (2) 2.0 (2) 1.0 (1) Goat 2.0 (1)







Beef: 1 Gauteng

Bronkhorstspruit, Kerkstraat Dierekliniek Beef: 2, Sheep: 2

Pretoria, Onderstepoort Academic Hospital and Production Animal Clinic Beef: 1, Sheep: 1

Limpopo Mokopane, Dr Henk Visser

Sheep: 2 North West






Beef: 1

Bloemfontein, Dr Stephan Wessels Dairy: 2


Dewetsdorp, Platkop Dierekliniek Beef: 1



Hoopstad, Hoopstad Dierekliniek Beef: 1, Sheep: 1

Kroonstad, Kroonstad Dierehospitaal Beef: 2, Dairy: 2, Sheep: 2



Parys, Parys Dierehospitaal Dairy: 2





Sheep: 1 Estcourt, Estcourt Vet Clinic





Beef: 2, Goat: 2 Underberg, Underberg Veterinary Surgery




Graaff-Reinet, Graaff Reinet Veterinary Clinic Beef: 2



Sheep: 2 Darling, Darling Dierekliniek


Dairy: 2 Malmesbury, Bergzight Dierehospitaal

Dairy: 2, Sheep: 2 Malmesbury, Dr Otto Kriek


Beef: 3 Northern Cape

Kimberley, Kimberley Dierekliniek Sheep: 1

Endometritis ^


Free State

Kwazulu-Natal

Eastern Cape

Western Cape

Northern Cape

Average 1.7 (3) 1.0 (1) 2.0 (1) 3.0 (1)


Beef 2.0 (1) Dairy 1.5 (2) 1.0 (1) 2.0 (1) 3.0 (1)









Metritis ^


Free State

Kwazulu-Natal

Eastern Cape

Western Cape

Northern Cape

Average 2.0 (2) 2.0 (1) 2.5 (2) 2.4 (5) 2.5 (4)


Beef 2.0 (1) 2.5 (2) 2.8 (4) 2.7 (3) Dairy 2.0 (2) 1.0 (1) 2.0 (1)



Dairy: 3 North West










This complex of diseases is always present and is a result of Dry cow nutrition; DCAB and Energy/roughage. This issue often occurs in the higher producing herds.

Western Cape Darling, Darling Dierekliniek


Dairy: 2 Malmesbury, Dr Otto Kriek


Beef: 3

Poor conception ^


Free State

Kwazulu-Natal

Eastern Cape

Western Cape

Northern Cape

Average 2.0 (3) 3.0 (1) 2.2 (6) 2.6 (9) 2.5 (2) 2.5 (2)


Beef 2.0 (1) 3.0 (1) 2.0 (3) 2.9 (7) 2.0 (1) 2.5 (2) Dairy 2.0 (2) 2.0 (1) 3.0 (1) Sheep 2.3 (3) 1.0 (1)



Dairy: 3 Volksrust, Volksrust Dierehospitaal

Beef: 2 North West


Free State Harrismith, Harrismith Dierehospitaal

Beef: 2 Poor conception in cows with calves during mating only 65% - 70% we expect it happened as a result of the dry

conditions during spring Sheep: 2



Zastron, Zastron Dierekliniek Sheep: 3


Sheep: 1 Dundee, Endumeni Herd health

Beef: 3 Generally very poor conceptions in beef cattle. The late season and poor condition have played a role as well as

too many bulls testing positive for trichomonosis. Very low Se levels were also found Estcourt, Estcourt Vet Clinic

Dairy: 2 Howick, Howick Veterinary Clinic



Beef: 3 Late spring and summer rains. Poor grazing and cattle in poor condition at mating.



Usually multifactorial but attention needs to be paid to nutrition, most likely energy being the critical element. We had a slow start to the summer with a very dry spring and not very much food. We suspect an influence on beef

conceptions because of this. Vryheid, Vryheid Veterinary Clinic

Beef: 3 Very long winter, late rain, very cold December caused poor grass growth


Beef: 2 Humansdorp, Humansdorp Veterinary Clinic




Retained afterbirth ^



Average 1.0 (2) 3.0 (1) 2.3 (3) 2.7 (3) 1.8 (6)


Beef 1.0 (1) 3.0 (1) 2.5 (2) 2.7 (3) 2.0 (4) Dairy 1.0 (1) 2.0 (1) Sheep 2.0 (1) 1.0 (1)


Beef: 1, Dairy: 1 North West



Beef: 3 Viljoenskroon, Viljoenskroon Dierekliniek





This complex of diseases is always present and is a result of Dry cow nutrition; DCAB and Energy/roughage. This issue often occurs in the higher producing herds.


Beef: 1, Sheep: 1 Darling, Darling Dierekliniek

Beef: 3 Malmesbury, Bergzight Dierehospitaal

Dairy: 2 Malmesbury, Dr Otto Kriek


Beef: 2

Uterus prolapse ^


Free State

Kwazulu-Natal

Eastern Cape

Western Cape

Northern Cape

Average 1.0 (2) 2.7 (3) 1.5 (4) 1.0 (1) 1.0 (1) 1.5 (4)


Beef 1.0 (1) 2.5 (2) 1.3 (3) 1.0 (1) 1.0 (1) Dairy 1.0 (1) 1.0 (1) Sheep 3.0 (1) 2.0 (1) 1.7 (3)



Beef: 1 North West

Leeudoringstad, Leeudoringstad Dierekliniek Beef: 3, Sheep: 3



Beef: 2 Hoopstad, Hoopstad Dierekliniek






Caledon, Overberg Veterinary Hospital Sheep: 2

Malmesbury, Bergzight Dierehospitaal Beef: 1, Sheep: 2


Vaginal (Cervical) prolapse ^


Free State

Kwazulu-Natal

Eastern Cape

Western Cape

Northern Cape

Average 1.3 (4) 2.0 (3) 1.5 (2) 1.0 (1) 2.0 (2)


Beef 1.5 (2) 2.0 (2) 1.5 (2) 1.0 (1) Dairy 2.0 (1) Sheep 1.0 (2) 2.0 (1) 2.0 (1)


Beef: 1, Sheep: 1 Bethal, Bethal Dierekliniek


Beef: 2 Free State










Climatical Cause

Heat stress ^


Free State

Kwazulu-Natal

Eastern Cape

Western Cape

Northern Cape

Average 1.5 (2)



Balfour, Balfour Dierekliniek Dairy: 1


Residues

Drug residues ^


Free State

Kwazulu-Natal

Eastern Cape

Western Cape

Northern Cape

Average 3.0 (1)




Report received from dr. Marijke Henton – Idexx laboratories Johannesburg

Samples received at Idexx Laboratories

A large number of respiratory tract samples, mostly from cattle in feedlots, were received. So far, the samples yielded all the usual isolates; Mannheimia haemolytica [12], Pasteurella multocida [11], Histophilus somni [7], Mannheimia varigena [2], Mannheimia 8C [2], and Trueperella pyogenes [3].

Pasteurella multocida was also isolated from a case of mastitis in beef cattle. The calves showed respiratory signs as well, and they were probably the source of this unusual cause of mastitis in cattle.

Lung infections in sheep were more varied. One sheep had a combined infection of Mannheimia haemolytica and Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis, and others had respiratory disease due to Histophilus somni, Trueperella pyogenes, and Mannheimia haemolytica as single bacterial causes. A lamb had septicaemic Staphylococcus aureus, probably due to an umbilical infection.

A case of footrot in sheep, which was more severe than usual, was due to a combination of Trueperella pyogenes, Corynebacterium amycolatum and the anaerobe, Porphyromonas. Anaerobes and T. pyogenes act synergistically as each provides growth factors for the other to utilize.

Report received from dr. Lucy Lange: PathCare Vetlab (1 April – 5 Mei 2014)

Disease condition Specie District Comment Pneumonia/Pasteurella Cattle Country wide Hepatotoxicosis Cattle Country wide Campylobacter Cattle Country wide Confirmed with

PCR Tritrichomonas Cattle Country wide Confirmed with

PCR Septicaemia Cattle Country wide Snotsiekte Cattle Namibia Babesiosis Cattle Boland Susceptible

cattle brought in from endemic area

Tulip poisoning Cattle Noord-‐Kaap Shortly after god rains

CCN Cattle Boland Feedlot Hipoproteinaemia Cattle Country wide Neonatal septicaemia and pneumonia

Horses Country wide Especially in Boland

Sarcoid Horses Country wide Squamous cell carcinoma Horses Boland Melanoma Horses Boland Haemangioma Horses Boland Necrotic placentitis Horses Southern Cape

and Boland Abortion – negative for viruses and bacteria

Coccidiosis Horses Boland

Johnes disease Sheep Country wide Worms and coccidia Sheep Country wide Many cases Hipoproteinaemia Sheep West coast,

Namibia

Pneumonia/Pasteurella Sheep Southern Cape Pulpy kidney Sheep Country wide Septicaemia Sheep Country wide Coccidiosis Sheep Boland Blue tongue Sheep Country wide Orf Sheep Namibia Liver necrosis Sheep North West and

Free State Could not confirm plant poisoning. Negative for Rift Valley Fever

Poxvirus (?) Cheetah Namibia Dermatophytosis Bearded Dragon Boland

Feedlot report received from drs. Shaun Morris and Eben du Preez

Cattle

Newly weaned calves and calves bought at auctions were arriving at feedlots and with the change in weather conditions increased morbidity and mortality due to pneumonia were seen.

Anaplasmosis occurred and a few cases of red water were seen. Tick larvae were hidden in the long hair of the calves and were only seen if the hair coat was carefully scrutinized. Every year problems with ticks are seen till deep in winter. Anaplasmosis can occur at any time when periods of stress such as poor weather, nutritional problems and handling of animals take place.

Losses occurred where problems with feeding management occurred. Acidosis with cases of reed gut, bloat and vitamin B 1 deficiency contributed to losses. Abscesses in the liver are a direct result of acidosis and damage of the rumen wall.

Calves with abscesses under the tail usually arrive from areas where bont-‐legged ticks and bont ticks are prevalent. Sitting disease are seen sporadically when the infection spreads to the spinal column. Such animals do not recover and have to be euthanized. Abscesses in the neck are due to infected needles and syringes.

Many animals with ringworm were seen.

Foot rot were still seen when wet kraals were drying off. Hoof and leg problems are unwanted and usually occurs when cattle are loaded and transported to feedlots.

Measles are still a problem in cattle arriving from communal areas. However more and more cases are seen in cattle that were probably infected due to cattle drinking water from polluted rivers. A carcass infected with measles means a loss of about a R1 000.

Sheep

The wet weather and wet kraals led to numerous mortalities. It was mostly the weaker and lighter lambs that were affected.

Groups of lambs heavily infested with wireworm had the biggest problems with adaptation.

Cases of foot rot, foot abscess and blue tongue were seen as well as a few cases of pulpy kidney.

Salmonella infections occurred again this year with lambs having diarrhoea and they eventually die . Such lambs usually arrive at feedlots with a diarrhoea or start with a diarrhoea soon after arrival. This disease is probably induced due to the stress of transport and handling. The infection probably already occurred on the farm of origin.

4 Monthly disease report - April 2014 · Monthly report on livestock disease trends as informally...

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Transcript of 4 Monthly disease report - April 2014 · Monthly report on livestock disease trends as informally...