4G Networks

Aditya Kowtha

Recap Of All The ‘G’s’ 0G : First signs of Wireless Telephony Technology in play

1G : Almost all systems of this generation were analog systems with voice being the most common traffic (AMPS)

2G : Successor of 1G. Digital Cell Technology which makes use of Time Division Multiple Access (GSM)

3G : Wide Area Cellular Telephone networks which evolved to incorporate high-speed internet access and video telephony (CDMA 2000)

More about 3G It provides for transmission speeds up to 384 kbps and

download speeds up to 144kbps

3G has greater capacity and better spectrum efficiency than 2G networks

The popular 3G standards are CDMA 2000 and WCDMA

The global 3G subscriber base accounts for only 6.7% of the overall customer base

UMTS is a very popular 3G standard and is capable of operating at 2.1Ghz

What’s wrong with 3G?? Cost involved in upgrading the base stations to

be compatible with 3G is very high

Base stations need to be close to each other

Very high spectrum licensing costs and tremendous network deployment costs

3G cannot support Bluetooth Based WAN networks due to bandwidth restrictions

Motivation for 4G before 3G has been fully deployed 3G performance may not be sufficient to meet

needs of future high-performance applications like multi-media, full-motion video, wireless teleconferencing

  There are multiple standards for 3G making it

difficult to roam and interoperate across networks. Global mobility and service portability are of utmost importance

Need for a digital packet network that utilizes IP in its fullest form with converged voice and data capability

Motivation for 4G before 3G has been fully deployed Researchers have come up with spectrally more

efficient modulation schemes that can not be retrofitted into 3G infrastructure

3G is based on primarily a Wide-area concept. We need hybrid networks that utilize both wireless LAN (hot spot) concept and cell or base-station wide area network design

Increased need for Wider Bandwidth

What is 4G anyways?? A 4G system will be able to provide a

comprehensive IP solution where voice, data and streamed multimedia can be given to users on an "Anytime, Anywhere" basis, and at higher data rates than previous generations

4G is being developed to accommodate QoS and bandwidth requirements set by forthcoming applications like wireless broadband access, MMS, Mobile TV,HDTV content etc

Ideally, 4G aims at providing a lowest bandwidth of 100 Mbps and can go up to 1 Gbps

Features of 4G Networks: An “All IP” Digital Packet Switched Network

High network capacity allowing more users per cell

Smooth handoffs across heterogeneous networks

Interoperability between existing wireless standards

Seamless connectivity and Global roaming across multiple networks

A data rate of at least 100 Mbps between any two points in the world

Features of 4G Networks Uses IPv6 addresses

Exceeds the coverage range of 3G networks by ten times

Enables full interactive video services

A focus on 4G Networks

Comparison of 3G and 4G NetworksFeature 3G and 2.5G

Networks4G Networks

Driving Architecture Predominantly voice driven

Converged Data and Voice over IP

Network Architecture Wide Area-Cell Based Hybrid-Integration of Wireless LAN (Wi-Fi, Bluetooth) and WAN

Speeds 384kbps to 2Mbps 20Mbps to 100 MbpsBandwidth 5 to 20 MHz 100 MHzSwitching Design Basis

Circuit and Packet Switched

All digital packetized voice

IP A number of air link protocols including IP 5.0

All IP (IP 6.0)

Components of 4G Networks Access Schemes: 4G Networks use OFDMA

access schemes

IPv6: 4G will be based on packet switching only. This will require low-latency data transmission

Advanced Antenna Systems

Software Defined Radio (SDR): The goal of this design is to produce a radio that can receive and transmit a new form of radio protocol just by running new software.

Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA)

An All IP 4G Network Architecture

Challenges for 4G Networks

Design Considerations for 4G Networks How to achieve the ALL IP functionality??

How to achieve mobility and smooth handoffs??

How to achieve Quality of Service??

Initial Solution to Fast Handover

Handover Signal Flow

QoS in 4G Networks Goal: Reliable Support for End-to-End IP QoS

Challenges and Requirements:

Allocate and Control resources in the access networks

Maintain User Connectivity and QoS while user is on the move

Make security, mobility and QoS work together

QoS Broker Functionality:

Q0S Architecture

Active Corporate Progress in 4G Networks Sprint Nextel announces Wi-Max as the next 4G

Technology Platform in collaboration with Intel, Samsung and Motorola

A nationwide broadband wireless network servicing 100 million customers will be ready by 2008

The 4G Mobility Network will be using Sprint’s exclusive 2.5GHz channel to deliver high quality services to customers

Verizon is also actively moving towards deployment of 4G Mobile Networks

What is needed to build 4G Networks of the future?? Integration among different Network Topologies

Non disruptive Implementation and Migration

Standardization of Wireless Networks

More coordination among Spectrum Regulators

Lower Price points slightly higher than the available alternatives

Cons of 4G Networks Too many current 3G standards delay migration

to 4G networks

4G networks are not backward compatible

Require advanced handsets with faster processors to handle advanced voice and video services

A lot of handover problems exist with current 3G and 2G networks

Conclusion Although 4G Networks offer a lot of promise,

there is a long way to go before we can experience their full potential. At this point of time, it is just an abstract potentially feasible idea which will take care of the shortcomings in the previous and current generations of Wireless Mobile Technology

References http://www.4g.co.uk/PR2006/2063.htm http://www.mobileinfo.com/3G/4GVision&Technolo

gies.htm http://www.ee.usyd.edu.au/~rkibria/Research.htm http://mobilesociety.typepad.com/mobile_life/200

6/12/the_daidalus_pr.html http://portal.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=647153.716

819 http://www.techrepublic.com http://www.wikipedia.com http://www.google.com

Questions??

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