4 April 20121 Md. Ashraful Islam Professor, Department of MechE BUET, Dhaka, BANGLADESH Past...

4 April 2012 1

Md. Ashraful Islam Professor, Department of MechE

BUET, Dhaka, BANGLADESH

Past Experiences and Current Challenges of Solar Energy Usage in Bangladesh

1. Brief Energy Scenario of Bangladesh2. Solar Potential in Bangladesh3. Experiences of Solar Use in Bangladesh4. Challenges in Using Solar5. What BUET Can Do

Agenda:

Low Carbon Energy for Development: Past Experiences and Future Challenges 4-5 April 2012, Holywell Park, Loughborough University, UK

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1. Brief Energy Scenario of Bangladesh Growth of Primary Fuel Supply


Combustible renewable and waste

(Traditional Biomass)Gas

(indigenous)

Oil (imported)

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1. Brief Energy Scenario of Bangladesh …Share of Primary Fuel Supply in 2008

Total Primary Fuel Supply (TPES) in 2008 = 28 MTOE

Per Capita TPES = 0.18 TOE


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1. Brief Energy Scenario of Bangladesh ….

Generation: 29,247 Million Unit

Fuel Share Electricity Generation (FY 2010)

FO3.00%

Diesel1.76%

Hydro2.50% Coal

3.53%

Gas89.21%

Solar (PV) Electricity 70 MWp installed until now

LCED: Past Experiences and Future Challenges, 4-5 April 2012, Holywell Park Loughborough University, UK

Per Capita Elect Consumption: 208 kWh Access to Grid Electricity: 32% CO2 Emission : About 45 Million Tons/yr

CO2 Emission of from Energy Sector

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2. Solar Potential in Bangladesh

LCED: Past Experiences and Future Challenges, 4-5 April 2012 Holywell Park Loughborough University, UK

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Sunshine Hour

Solar Insolation (kWh/m2)

BangladeshLatitude: 20-27 N

Longitude: 88-93 EDaily Solar Insolation:

4-6 kWh/m2

Pattern of Solar Insolation and Sunshine Hour

Solar Flux: 0.67 kW/m2 (monthly avg) Solar PV potential: 10,000 MW (using about

0.05% of the land, @ 20% cell efficiency)

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2. Solar Potential in Bangladesh …. Options for Harnessing Solar Energy


Options Technology/System Applications

Solar PV SHS, SSHS, Pico Solar (Standalone, Grid connected, Micro grid), etc.

Electricity for Domestic /

Commercial

Solar Thermal

Solar Water Heating:Flat Plate and/or Concentrating Collectors (parabolic trough/dishes), Solar Pond

Hot Water for Domestic /

Commercial/ Industrial

Solar Air Heating:Solar collectors for food processing

Hot air for Commercial

Solar Power Generation: Concentrating Collectors (parabolic trough/dishes) and/or Heliostats

Electricity for Commercial/

Industrial

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3. Experiences of Solar Use in Bangladesh

Year Projects/Activities

1980 Assessment and Technological Use of Solar Energy started at BUET; DU; BAEC

1988 “Sandwip Solar PV Demonstration Program,” BAEC (GOB funded) Operated satisfactorily till April 1991 cyclone and water surge.

1993 REB pilot project “Diffusion of Renewable Energy Technologies at Karimpur and Nazarpur unions of Narsingdi Sadar Thana” financed by France Govt.

Three Battery Charging Stations and 806 SHS were installed. Engineers, Students and Teachers of different institutes like Dhaka

University, BUET, IUT, DUET etc., and Employees of Govt. Organizations like LGED, PDB, BCSIR, Ministry etc. were trained on solar system under this project.

2.1 History of Solar PV in Bangladesh


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3. Experiences of Solar Use in Bangladesh ….


1998 Local Government Engineering Department (LGED) installed solar systems funded by UNDP

To explore opportunities for community based renewable energy options for different applications and its multipurpose use in off-grid areas of Bangladesh.

2003 Infrastructure Development Company Ltd. (IDCOL) promotes dissemination of SHS in the remote rural areas with the financial support from the World Bank, Global Environment Facility (GEF), KfW, GTZ, ADB and IDB.

IDCOL started the program in January 2003 and its initial target was to finance 50,000 SHSs by the end of June 2008.

IDCOL implements the program through 30 partner organizations (POs) including Grameen Shakti, BRAC, etc.

Until December 2011, IDCOL financed about 1.2 million SHSs

2.1 History of Solar PV …


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3. Experiences of Solar Use in Bangladesh ….


1980 Assessment and Technological Use started at Academia (BUET, DU, etc.) through academic programs and research projects.

1990 to date

Some researches were/are being conducted in different institutions like BUET, DU, IUT, RUET, KUET, CUET, BAU BCSIR, BAEC on the system design, heat transfer and fluid flow characteristics of solar water heating and power generation.

Solar Water Heaters are in very limited use. This technology didn’t get momentum due to appropriate policy interventions.

No feasibility study has been carried out to assess the power generation potential yet.

2.2 History of Solar Thermal Energy


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3. Experiences of Solar Use in Bangladesh ….Present State of the Solar PV Systems


About 1.3 million SHSs are installed so far (capacity of 70 MWp, IRE, DU) which is about 1.2% of the capacity of the conventional power plants.

Several solar irrigation projects are implemented by Rahimafrooz Renewable Energy Limited (RREL), BUET, GIZ and other organizations.

Grid-collected solar systems are gaining momentum because of appropriate policy changes.

Micro-grid solar PV systems are becoming more attractive than stand alone off-grid systems. Some research activities are going on in universities.

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3. Experiences of Solar Use in Bangladesh ….Role of BUET in Promoting Solar Use in Bangladesh


Assessment of Solar Potential and Test of Efficacy of solar technology started at BUET since 1980 through both academic and research programs.

Center Energy Studies (CES), BUET was established in 1984 and collaborates studies and research among energy experts from different departments of BUET, and also maintains contacts with national and international agencies/organizations such as BPDB, REB, BCSIR, IEB, UNESCO, GIZ, USAID etc. to work together for the development of the energy sector in Bangladesh.

The CES trained about 200 Engineers/Professionals on renewable energy in Bangladesh.

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3. Experiences of Solar Use in Bangladesh ….Role of BUET in Promoting Solar Use in Bangladesh …


During 2000-2001, MED, BUET completed a collaboration project on ‘Photovoltaic Technology for Bangladesh’ with Loughboroug University, UK.

In August 2003, CES, BUET organized a national training workshop on “Renewable Energy Education in Bangladesh” funded by UNESCO.

In 2010, CES, BUET completed a project on ‘Development of Energy Auditing Course in Bangladesh’ funded by USAID.

In 2011, IICT, BUET completed a project on ‘DEVELOPING A LOW COST MULTIPLE MOTOR SWITCHED PHOTOVOLTAIC POWERED IRRIGATION SYSTEM’ funded by Bangladesh Academy of Sciences under BAS-USDA Agriculture Fund.

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4. Challenges in Using Solar Energy


Challenges in using solar energy may be classified as:

1 Technological Improvements in Efficiency, Reliability, and Sustainability

2 Economical Making the solar technologies cost effective

3 Policy Formulating appropriate policies at right time to attract stakeholders

4 Sociological Earning users’ acceptability and confidence

5 Management Formulating appropriate management protocol in planning, installation and maintenance of the solar technologies

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4. Challenges in Using Solar Energy ….


4.1 Technological Challenges Technological development

Scope for improvement in efficiency and innovation in low cost material.

Energy storage/battery is still a major stumbling block

Durability, Sustainability and Reliability Quality assurance of solar components before installment. Reliability of the technology has significant impact on its popularity. Evaluation of installed solar PV systems surely help enhance

confidence of the users.

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4.2 Economical Challenges This is the most important aspect as far as the popularity of field

application of Solar Technology is concerned. PV is still very expensive and its integration to main power

system make them even more expensive. Mode of financing can play an important role in popularizing

RET. As for example, introduction of micro-credit in Solar PV Home Systems has experienced a tremendous success in Bangladesh. However, when comes to industrial and commercial application, economic viability is important.

In large PV generators, land requirement is a concern and in a country like Bangladesh, it raises the question of loss of agricultural lands.

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4.3 Policy Challenges A clear policy regarding green energy is of utmost importance. The policy should clearly reflect the level of encouragement

towards RE based energy. A conservative approach may hinder the growth of the sector

and on the other hand unplanned growth of the sector may put significant economic pressure on the energy sector.

It is a very important decision for any govt. to reduce the duty and taxation on RE components to encourage import of RE related equipments and gadgets.

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4.4 Sociological Challenges Sociological factors influence the acceptability of a technology

in the field level. Sometimes, people tend to misunderstand the cost-benefit of an

RET and it may dampen the pace of growth It is very important to start a new RET based program with high

degree of reliability even if it makes the systems slightly more expensive. If the confidence of people is dented once due to lack of reliability, it is very difficult to regain it.

With concerted efforts on awareness such challenges can be overcome. It is also important to include topics like global warming for increased awareness.

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4.5 Management Related Challenges

This aspect is often ignored in RE projects resulting in ultimate failure

Proper importance should be given to economic viability and sustainability during the planning stage

Before starting the project, a workable management system should be chalked out for reliable operation, repair and maintenance.

In my experience, poor management is the main cause for failures in small scale RE systems

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5. What BUET Can Do


GoB’s drive towards Solar Energy 3% electricity for domestic, 5% for commercial (lighting and fan

load) to be obtained from Solar 10% total share of power from renewable sources by 2030

BUET and other Academic & Research institutions in Bangladesh have good track record of pioneering works in various fields of Science, Engineering, & Technology, including SOLAR

Keeping in line with this tradition, BUET is in an appropriate position to be a part of the R & D type activities involving Low Carbon Technology

Particular areas of interest in this context are: Solar PV Solar Thermal

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5. What BUET Can Do: Solar PV


BUET has talents and expertise to undertake engineering and technological activities to promote solar PV:

Testing There is no standard testing lab in Bangladesh to ascertain the quality of the panels/modules installed/to be installed.

DPDC/DESCO planned to setup national testing facilities at BUET/DU; but there is no progress in this regard yet.

BUET is looking for requisite equipment and logistics, so that it can provide necessary services in this regard.

Evaluation Installation scenario of PV systems is known to the people so far (70 MW) and the Govt is promoting this through various policy interventions.

There is a need to properly evaluate the effectiveness and impact of this technology.

BUET may work together with stakeholders in evaluating the installed PV systems and help promote this technology

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5. What BUET Can Do: Solar Thermal


Assessment of Potential

Hot water is used in cooking and getting potable water round the year; washing and talking bath in the winter.

Need to assess domestic and commercial use pattern of hot water in Bangladesh

By using solar hot water, 20-25% of the gas consumption can be reduced in both domestic and commercial sectors.

Design and Develop Appropriate Technology

Local expertise may be exploited to design and develop solar collectors using local materials for SWHs.

BUET may take part in the extensive studies to evaluate solar power generation options and potentials.

Govt of Bangladesh can help promote solar thermal technologies through appropriate policy intervention.

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Summary


Solar PV

1. Standard testing lab needs to be setup in BUET to test the efficacy of solar PV components and systems to be installed in future.

2. BUET can develop an appropriate evaluation scheme for the installed PV components/systems to help promote this technology.

Solar

Thermal

1. Solar thermal technologies are attractive in saving fossil fuels.

2. Solar hot water can be encouraged for both domestic and commercial use in Bangladesh through policy interventions.

3. Extensive studies need to be conducted to evaluate solar power generation options in Bangladesh.

4. BUET can undertake R & D projects to develop SWHs and Solar power generation systems using local resources.

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4 April 20121 Md. Ashraful Islam Professor, Department of MechE BUET, Dhaka, BANGLADESH Past...

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