3rd November 2015 Republic Polytechnic - moe.gov.sg · FOREWORD The 2015 Individualised Research...

3rd November 2015

Republic Polytechnic

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FOREWORD

The 2015 Individualised Research Study (IRS) Exhibition showcases research projects of outstanding quality completed by GEP pupils and students in schools with the Integrated Programme (IP). These projects reflect our pupils’ diverse range of interests in the humanities and social sciences, mathematics and various sciences.

The IRS aims to prepare GEP pupils to become independent learners and to give them opportunities to explore specific areas of interest in both breadth and depth. When pupils undertake a 10-month research project, they learn critical and creative thinking skills, as well as essential values and dispositions as young researchers. They also acquire effective communication skills as they present their research to an audience comprising adults and their peers. The work done in IRS contributes in a significant way to equipping our pupils with 21st century competencies.

It is indeed heartening to observe pupils’ enthusiasm, creativity and perseverance in completing their projects. Projects showcased this year are featured at the poster exhibition and at the oral presentation.

We continue to showcase projects by the secondary students in schools with the Integrated Programme (IP). This year, we have six more IP schools coming on board to share their projects. These projects provide our Primary 6 pupils a glimpse of the type and quality of research work they can aspire to do in secondary school.

We would like to acknowledge the important role of our teacher-mentors who have painstakingly guided our pupils. The teacher-mentors have been instrumental in facilitating interest-based inquiry of our pupils.

We hope that the IRS experience and the range of projects showcased at the IRS exhibition will fire the imagination of our pupils and instil in them a healthy appetite for exploration and investigation into future areas of interest.

Mrs Deborah Tan Director Gifted Education Curriculum Planning and Development Division Ministry of Education

PROGRAMME (PRIMARY)

0830 TO 1700 HOURS

Programme School (P4 Audience)

Sess

ion

A

Time Activity Venue

0830 - 0850 Arrival Outside LT E5 HPPS NYPS SHPS

0850 - 0900 Briefing LT E5

0900 - 1030 Oral presentation

1030 - 1100 Break Outside Agora Hall

1100 - 1230 Poster Exhibition Agora Hall

Sess

ion

B 0830 - 0850 Arrival Outside Agora Hall NYPS

TNS

0850 - 0900 Briefing Agora Hall

0900 - 1030 Poster Exhibition

1030 - 1100 Break Outside LT E5

1100 - 1230 Oral presentation LT E5

1230 - 1300 Lunch (for poster and oral presenters/helpers)

(for teachers looking after the poster and oral presenters/helpers) Programme School

(P4 Audience) Time Activity Venue

Sess

ion

C 1300 - 1320 Arrival Outside LT E5 ACS(P)

CHS(P) NHPS

1320 - 1330 Briefing LT E5

1330 - 1500 Oral Presentation

1500 - 1530 Break Outside Agora Hall

1530 - 1700 Poster Exhibition Agora Hall

Sess

ion

D 1300 - 1320 Arrival Outside Agora Hall RGPS

RS

1320 - 1330 Briefing Agora Hall

1330 - 1500 Poster Exhibition

1500 - 1530 Break Outside LT E5

1530 - 1700 Oral presentation LT E5

PROGRAMME (SECONDARY)

0830 TO 1715 HOURS

Programme School (P6 Audience)

Sess

ion

E

Time Activity Venue

0830 – 0850 Arrival Outside LR W4A HPPS NYPS SHPS

0850 – 0900 Briefing LR W4A

0900 – 1030 Oral presentation

1030 – 1100 Break Outside Agora Hall

1100 – 1230 Poster Exhibition Agora Hall

Sess

ion

F 0830 – 0850 Arrival Outside Agora Hall NYPS

TNS

0850 – 0900 Briefing Agora Hall

0900 – 1030 Poster Exhibition

1030 – 1100 Break Outside LRW4A

1100 – 1230 Oral presentation LR W4A

1230 - 1330 Lunch (for poster and oral presenters/helpers)

(for teachers looking after the poster and oral presenters/helpers) Programme School

(P6 Audience) Time Activity Venue

Sess

ion

G 1300 – 1320 Arrival Outside LR W4A ACS(P)

CHS(P) NHPS

1320 – 1330 Briefing LR W4A

1330 – 1515 Oral Presentation

1515 – 1545 Break Outside Agora Hall

1545 – 1700 Poster Exhibition Agora Hall

Sess

ion

H 1300 – 1320 Arrival Outside Agora Hall RGPS

RS 1320 – 1330 Briefing Agora Hall

1330 – 1500 Poster Exhibition

1500 – 1530 Break Outside LR W4A

1530 – 1700 Oral presentation LR W4A

Note: Sessions G and H are repeats for Sessions E and F.

ORAL PRESENTATIONS (PRIMARY)

VENUE: LT E5

SESSION/

TIME SCHOOL PROJECT PRESENTER(S)

A 0900

to 1030 hours

HPPS Why Is My Dog’s Voice So Ruff? (Abstract no. 22)

Ng Yit Khuin Althan

HPPS How Accurate Is GPS Location Information In Urban Singapore? (Abstract no. 23)

Ong Junheng Owen

NYPS The Viability Of Peel Adhesives (Abstract no. 47)

Ching Wei Quan Daniel

NYPS NYPS Traffic Study (Abstract no. 48)

Khong Jing Yi

SHPS Decorated And Brightly-Coloured Trash Bins (Abstract no. 76)

Amir Izaaz Bin Mohammad Faiz

SHPS Social Well-Being Of Pupils In SHPS (Abstract no. 77)

Chen Hui Hsuen Letitia

B 1100

to 1230 hours

NYPS What Are The Factors That Prevent Shoppers From Bringing Their Bags To Fairprice Supermarkets When They Shop? (Abstract no. 49)

Phoon Choy Yee Crystal

NYPS Which CCAs Provide Pupils With The Most Exercise So As To Build Up Their Physical Fitness? (Abstract no. 50)

Phua Kai Jie

TNS The Practice of Filial Piety: Pupils’ Knowledge (Abstract no. 88)

Han Matthew

TNS TNS Pupil’s Saving Habits And Perceptions On Saving (Abstract no. 89)

Ho Enki Faith Lam Chi Thim Timothy

TNS Who Is Responsible For The Cleanliness Of TNS? (Abstract no. 90)

Wee Zhuo Lin

ORAL PRESENTATIONS (PRIMARY)

VENUE: LT E5

SESSION/


C 1330

to 1500 hours

ACS(P) Preserving Cut Lemons From Growth Of Mould (Abstract No. 8)

Tan Shaen En Lucas

CHS(P) What Is The Most Effective Way To Store Kai-Lan? (Abstract No. 14)

Lim En Hao

CHS(P) Does The Prolonged Use Of Hand Phones Affect One’s Non-Verbal Communication Skills? (Abstract No. 15)

Ling En Ze Isaac

NHPS The Effectiveness Of Tuition ─ To Tutor Or Not To Tutor, That Is The Question (Abstract No. 32)

Goh Su En Lee Jia E Jeanette

NHPS Food For Thought: Does Skipping Breakfast Affect Memory? (Abstract No. 33)

Liu Benedict Peng Zikang Tew En Hao

D 1530

to 1700 hours

RGPS Why Do Middle-Aged Women In Singapore Watch Korean Drama? (Abstract No. 59)

Loh Li Ann Jillian Ashleigh

RGPS Singapore’s Tray Returning Initiative (Abstract No. 60)

Kwan Rae Yann Janae

RGPS Are Males Better Drivers Than Females? (Abstract No. 61)

Tan Ninn Taesha

RS Elements Of Fast-Food Advertisements That Appeal To P5 GEP Rosythians (Abstract No. 71)

Lam Jing Xiang Matthew

RS Effect(s) Of Using Social Media Websites On Relationships Between Child And Family (Abstract No. 72)

Tiu Yu-En Sarah Sivakumar Avanthika

RS Which Brand’s Juice Has The Most Vitamin C? (Abstract No. 73)

Quek Yi Heng Titus

ORAL PRESENTATIONS (SEONDARY)

VENUE: LR W4A

SESSION/


E 0900

to 1030 hours

&

G 1330

to 1515 hours

ASC(I) Infallible Or Inaccurate: Cracking The Singapore Graciousness Index (GI) From The Domestic Helpers’ Perspective (Abstract No. 94)

Dylan Tay Tze Kiat Goh Cheng Arn David Pan Jia-Cheng Jason Timothy Tan Kai Bryan

ACS(I) Studying The Effects Of Flavonoid And Vanillin Extracts On The Mitotic Index Of Allium Cepa Root Tips (Abstract No. 95)

Chen Jiawei Darren Chang Hon Yau

DHS Effects Of Probiotics On Brain Functions (Abstract No. 105)

Zhang Tianyi Dong Yuzhen

HCI A New Watering Can (Abstract No. 108)

See Rui Qian Xavier Jedrick Goh Jek Rei Shane Wang Eu-Huei Shaun Wang Eu-Syang

HCI Time Travel: Getting Around 2030 (Abstract No. 109)

Ryan Tan Jinn Nathanael Chia Shiau Jiun Shawn Cheng Wei Xuan Yap Kang Ren Gabriel

NUSHS** Home-Made Pesticide (Abstract No. 122)

Li Weixi Hu Yinghe

NUSHS** Skyglow Mapping Of Singapore (Abstract No. 123)

Sidharth Chambocheri Veetil Benjamin Chia Yit Loong Lim Tse Xiong Brendan

**NUSHS projects will be presented only in Session G.

ORAL PRESENTATIONS (SECONDARY)

VENUE: LR W4A

SESSION/


F 1100

to 1230 Hours

&

H 1530

to 1700 hours

NYGH 本土的艺术教育，在多大程度上有

助于培养学生的创意和灵感

The Effect Of Art Education On Inspiring And Nurturing Creativity (Abstract No. 115)

Koh Fang Yun Tan Chor Leng Claudine Zhang Jun Yue

NYGH 我国青少年对本地审查制度的理解

及看法

Teenagers’ Perception Of Censorship Of Social Media (Abstract No. 116)

Wu Fan Angie Tan Tan Pei Han Weng Xueqi

RGSS The Effects Of Indian Ayurvedic Herbs And Traditional Chinese Herbs On The Digestion Of Soluble Milk Protein By Pepsin (Abstract No. 125)

Punniyakotty Buvani Kulasekaran Ajitha Muthukrishnan Vaishnavi

RGSS Singapore – A 'Cool' City (Abstract No. 126)

Gillian Cheong Yuyan Mak Su-Wen Anne Rachyl Tan Syn Yee

RI 3 Case Studies Of Mr Subhas Anandan, In Correspondence To His Character, And The Lasting Impact He Left Behind In Singapore (Abstract No. 127)

Karthisankar P. K. Irwin Teo Jin Kai Kang Yu Chen Koh Jiao Hao Lee Rui Quan Jeremy

RI Of What Significance Is The Spirit Of Kampung To Modern Singapore? (Abstract No. 128)

Cheng Wentuo Benjamin Chek Bharath Anantham Chan Yen Chiok Zachary Chua Kah Hau Luke

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((PPRRIIMMAARRYY))

NO. ABSTRACT 1 Poster

TIME AND SELF-MANAGEMENT OF ACS (P) P5 PUPILS ANG RIYOU

Anglo-Chinese School (Primary) Teacher-supervisor: Mdm Chui Yuen Phun

The project aimed to find out how time/self-management affected the timeliness of work submitted by P5 pupils from ACS (Primary). When pupils did not meet deadlines, it hampered the teachers’ monitoring efforts. Teachers also lost precious curriculum time as they looked into the submission of work and held pupils accountable for their work. 49 pupils from the P5 GEP and 30 pupils from the P5 mainstream classes participated in a survey. It was found that 20% of pupils in both GEP and Mainstream groups handed in work on time either all the time, or most of the time. These pupils had a common strategy – create a schedule and adhere to it through being faithful to task and exercising perseverance.

2 FACTORS THAT AFFECT THE EFFECTIVENESS OF REMOVING CHOCOLATE STAINS

Poster CHEW RAYNER Anglo-Chinese School (Primary) Teacher-supervisor: Ms Ng Yuqin Kimberly

The aim of the project was to find the best way to remove chocolate stains from cotton cloth. A series of experiments was conducted with independent variables such as temperature of water, amount of detergent used, time lapse between staining and washing, and brand of detergent. The most expensive and least expensive brand on the supermarket shelf were chosen, as well as two other brands whose prices were in between. It was found that the best way to remove chocolate stains was to (a) wash the stain at

70o C, (b) use 16 g of detergent per litre of water, and (c) ensure that no

more than 16 hours elapsed from staining to washing. Of the 4 brands used, it was also found that the most expensive brand was not the most effective.

NO. ABSTRACT

3 HOW MUCH HARM DOES CYBERBULLYING CAUSE? Poster LOH ZI QUAN KEITH

Anglo-Chinese School (Primary) Teacher-supervisor: Ms Ho Ying Feng Hanni

Cyberbullying is a problem that is not frequently reported in schools. Studies have shown that victims of cyberbullying could face more serious emotional harm than victims of face-to-face bullying (Hinduja & Patchin, 2009). 19 Primary 5 GEP pupils from ACS (Primary) were given face-to-face (physical, verbal and psychological) and cyberbullying scenarios, and then asked to rate their likelihood of reporting the incidents, and their feelings about the scenario. Only 36% of respondents were likely to report instances of cyberbullying compared to 67% who would report physical bullying. Physical bullying was shown to be the most emotionally harmful followed by cyberbullying, psychological, and then verbal bullying. The suggestion is that schools should do more to teach pupils how to manage cyberbullying, as well as to report such incidents to a trusted adult.

4 Poster

PERCEPTION OF ENRICHMENT CLASSES BY P5 GEP PUPILS IN ACS (P) LOW YEW KENG TIMOTHY

Anglo-Chinese School (Primary) Teacher-supervisor: Mdm Josephine See

7 in 10 parents send their children to enrichment classes as they think that these classes will help their children achieve better academic excellence (The Straits Times, August 28, 2012). 38 P5 GEP pupils from ACS (Primary) were surveyed on their perceptions of enrichment classes and whether the extra hours of classes contributed to higher stress levels. 50% of pupils perceived that enrichment classes helped them improve their concepts and grades. However, from the perceived stress scale (PSS) score, this group of pupils were also highly stressed. Pupils who attended more than 3 hours had higher PSS scores than those who attended less than 3 hours of enrichment classes.

NO. ABSTRACT

5 WILL THE PRESENTATION OF VEGETABLES ENTICE CHILDREN AGED 2-5 YEARS TO EAT THEM?

Poster HENG TIAN PING THADDEUS Anglo-Chinese School (Primary) Teacher-supervisor: Mdm Josephine See

This project aimed to find out if the presentation of vegetables could entice children to eat them. Most parents are worried that their children do not like to eat vegetables, and hence are at risk of malnutrition. Data was collected by surveying 111 parents. Dieticians, and kindergarten teachers, including one principal were also interviewed. The surveys and interviews revealed that children could be encouraged to eat vegetables by making the vegetables look more appealing through the way they are cut and presented. 6 children aged 2 – 5 years were shown pictures of vegetables and asked to choose which they would be more willing to eat. Results showed that attractive presentation would be more effective in enticing the toddlers to eat vegetables, but it would have not much impact on the older children.

6 IS IT TRUE THAT P5 GEP PUPILS IN ACS (P) WHO FOLD ORIGAMI HAVE BETTER SPATIAL ABILITY?

Poster TAN TIONG OON NATANAEL Anglo-Chinese School (Primary) Teacher-supervisor: Ms Ho Ying Feng Hanni

Origami is related to spatial ability because both require 3-dimensional visualisation (http://web.jhu.edu/cty/STBguide.pdf). This project aimed to find out if the practice of folding origami improves one's spatial ability. A spatial ability test which requires pupils to mentally fold a 2-dimensional net of a cube and visualise it in its 3-dimensional form was given out to 48 P5 GEP pupils in ACS (Primary). They were also asked if they folded origami. 6 pupils who scored 7/10 or more were then randomly chosen to do the second spatial ability test. They were also monitored on the time they took for completion. Results from the second test showed that those who folded origami finished faster (on average 10 seconds) than those who did not. The findings suggested folding origami improved spatial ability in participants.

NO. ABSTRACT 7

SAFE STAIN REMOVAL

Poster WONG WAI CHUNG NATHANIEL Anglo-Chinese School (Primary) Teacher-supervisor: Mdm Chui Yuen Phun

The project aimed to find out if there could be an effective and safe alternative to commercially available fabric stain removers. Many people use commercial stain removers, which contain toxic chemicals such as 2-Butoxyethano, petrochemicals and ammonia. These chemicals can harm humans and the environment. An experiment with 5 items showed that lemon juice, vinegar and corn flour were all comparable in terms of effectiveness in removing Milo stains, while salt and baking soda were not. However, none of these items were able to remove the stains completely, and their effectiveness was impacted by factors such as the duration the stain was left to set.

8 PRESERVING CUT LEMONS FROM GROWTH OF MOULD Oral TAN SHAEN EN LUCAS

Anglo-Chinese School (Primary) Teacher-supervisor: Ms Ng Yuqin Kimberly

This project aimed to study the effectiveness of different methods in discouraging the growth of mould on cut lemons. Cut lemons were subjected to 7 different preservation methods. These included (a) placing the cut lemons in transparent sealed containers, (b) sealing the cut lemons with aluminium foils; and (c) coating the cut surface of the lemons with 5 different consumables: sugar, table salt, cinnamon powder, sodium bicarbonate and distilled vinegar. The lemons were observed for changes in moisture, skin and pulp colour, smell, mould growth and pH daily until the most effective preservation method was identified. It was found that coating cut lemons with cinnamon was most effective in discouraging mould growth for at least 10 days, followed by sodium bicarbonate, salt, sugar, vinegar, transparent sealed containers and aluminium foil.

NO. ABSTRACT

9 Poster

SAVING HABITS OF P4 AND P5 GEP PUPILS IN CHS LEE SENG YANG ALOYSIUS

Catholic High School (Primary) Teacher-supervisor: Mr Tan Cheng Kwang

This project aimed to find out the saving habits of P4 and 5 GEP pupils in CHS (Primary). According to a publication by the University of Minnesota, good money habits do not come naturally and it is important for children to start young to learn about earning, spending, sharing, borrowing and saving (http://www.extension.umn.edu/family/personal-finance/youth-and-money/adult-resources/docs/teaching-children-money-habits-for-life.pdf). A survey of 87 P4 and P5 GEP pupils showed that 92% of them know what good saving habits are. However, only 56% of them practise the habits actively. The findings of this research suggest that parents/schools could do more (e.g. through games) to educate their children/pupils about the concept of money and the importance of regular saving.

10 SHOULD RULES BE IMPLEMENTED ON THE STOMP WEBSITE TO PREVENT

ABUSE OF THIS SOCIAL PLATFORM? Poster LOH CHEE SENG ELGIN

Catholic High School (Primary) Teacher-supervisor: Mdm Ramona Bte Kamis

The project aimed to find out the opinions of teachers and P5 GEP pupils from CHS (Primary), on the need for rules on the Stomp website to prevent abuse of this social platform. Stomp depends largely on the contributions of netizens. The lack of strict regulations ‘encouraged voyeurism through sensationalism and fabrication of articles. This is a form of cyberbullying and is detrimental to innocent citizens.’ (https://www.techinasia.com/singapores-largest-voyeurism-site-stomp-faces-public-backlash-citizens-call-shutdown/). 46 P5 GEP pupils and 54 teachers were surveyed. 91% of the teachers and 87% of the pupils surveyed supported the need for censorship. Interviewees from Media Literacy Council and Touch Services shared the belief that educating users to be accountable for their actions is more effective than censorship. They recommended more programmes to promote awareness of the dangers and repercussions of cyberbullying.

NO. ABSTRACT

11 ARE WATERPROOF PLASTERS REALLY WATERPROOF? Poster TAN JUN WEI

Catholic High School (Primary) Teacher-supervisor: Ms Munawarrah Sultana Unwar

Labels found on plasters are useful as they help consumers select the type of plasters that can best protect the wound and keep it dry. This research aimed to determine if plasters labelled as ‘waterproof’ keep wounds dry. Several brands of plasters, commonly found in pharmacies and supermarkets, were chosen for their different materials and labelling. The different plasters were stuck on pig skin and exposed to 3 types of liquids namely tap, rain and chlorinated water. The plasters were removed and placed on blotter paper. A rolling pin was used to apply consistent pressure and the area of wet blotter paper was measured using a grid. The findings of this experiment revealed that applying waterproof plasters did not keep the wound dry during the experiment, contradicting the “waterproof” label.

12 Poster

HOW DOES OCD AFFECT ADOLESCENTS IN WHAT THEY DO OR SAY? TAN YONG HAN TRAVIS

Catholic High School (Primary) Teacher-supervisor: Ms Thum Chuay Lin

The project aimed to find out how Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD) affects what adolescents do or say. Dr Adrian Loh, Visiting Consultant, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, IMH, shared with TODAY Newspaper that the IMH Child Guidance Clinics see between 100-200 adolescents with OCD yearly. The findings from interviews with a Visiting Consultant, a Senior Clinical Psychologist, a Senior Nurse at IMH, and an agency Programme Co-ordinator showed that adolescents with OCD tend to be anxious and rigid. They are perfectionists. They can be repetitive in their daily behaviour. For instance they wash their hands frequently to reduce their anxiety that stem from intrusive thoughts. They seek constant reassurance. Adolescents suffering from moderate to severe OCD may be socially withdrawn and lack interest in engaging in activities as their illness becomes the ‘centre’ of their lives.

NO. ABSTRACT

13 EFFECTIVENESS OF THE INTERMINGLING CLASS SYSTEM IN CHS (P) Poster TING BRENNAN NATHANAEL

Catholic High School (Primary) Teacher-supervisor: Mr Tan Mun Sing

In CHS(P), P5 and P6 GEP pupils attend Art, PE and Music lessons with mainstream pupils in Gifted Education-Mainstream (GEM) classes. P4 GEP pupils also attend Higher Chinese lessons in GEM classes. The aim of the project was to find out how effective GEM classes were in encouraging GEP pupils to interact with mainstream pupils. A survey was administered to 47 P4 and 45 P5 GEP pupils, of which 45 P4 and 38 P5 GEP pupils gave valid responses. Most GEP pupils found GEM classes effective. 61% of the respondents enjoyed GEM classes and 57% made friends through the system. However, there was not much interaction outside GEM classes. Hence it is recommended that there should be additional activities such as camps and outings.

14 Oral

WHAT IS THE MOST EFFECTIVE WAY TO STORE KAI-LAN? LIM EN HAO

Catholic High School (Primary) Teacher-supervisor: Ms Thum Chuay Lin

The project aimed to find out which way of storing Kai-Lan keeps the vegetable fresh for the longest time. Websites like http://wholenewmom.com/kitchen-tips/store-leafy-greens-best-way-to-store-leafy-greens/ state that storing vegetables with as little moisture and air as possible works best. An experiment was conducted over one week, using Kai-lan of the same size and shape. Samples of Kai-lan were stored in air-tight container, stored in zip-lock bag with air drawn out, wrapped in newspaper, stored in a plastic bag and wrapped with cling film. The surface area of yellow patches, black spots and crumpled edges were measured with a 0.2 cm by 0.2 cm grid daily. Results indicated that zip-lock bag with air drawn out was the most effective way to store vegetables. The air-tight container was effective, but did not perform as well.

NO. ABSTRACT

15 DOES THE PROLONGED USE OF HAND PHONES AFFECT ONE’S NON-VERBAL COMMUNICATION SKILLS?

Oral LING EN ZE ISAAC Catholic High School (Primary) Teacher-Supervisor: Mdm Munawarrah Sultana Unwar

This research aimed to investigate if prolonged use of hand phones affected non-verbal communication in children. 100 parents of children between the ages of 7 to 12 were surveyed. 35% of these parents reported their children used their hand phones for more than an hour each time while the rest used their hand phones for less than 1 hour. However, 43% of all the parents observed that their children were distracted during conversations, with ‘no face-to-face conversation’ being most common. Children within this sample population were also observed within social contexts such as gathering of family friends. They showed signs of distraction including lack of ‘face to face conversation’ and ‘constant checking of devices when talking’. This suggested a likely association between prolonged hand phone use and non-verbal communication. Further study is necessary to verify the findings.

16 THE DIABETES CHECK Poster AUNG SUU-ANN

Henry Park Primary School Teacher-supervisor: Ms Ng Swee Chin Madelene

The aim of the research was to find out whether P5 GEP pupils in HPPS would change their diet after finding out about diabetes. Diabetes is becoming common in Singapore, even among children. However, not many children know that it can lead to heart disease and kidney failure. A pre-survey on sugar intake was conducted on 20 P5 GEP pupils. A brochure about diabetes was given to them two weeks later and a post-survey conducted. About 1/3 of the respondents had reduced their sugar intake. However, another 30% with high sugar intake were unwilling to change their diet. It is recommended that school canteens remove vending machines and/or introduce low sugar menus. Parents should also be involved in the awareness building process.

NO. ABSTRACT

17 SMRT ANNOUNCEMENTS – SUCCESS OR FAILURE? Poster CHEE ZI ZUAN JOASH

Henry Park Primary School Teacher-supervisors: Ms Peh Yunn Chyn

With the increase in the number of Mass Rapid Transit (MRT) lines in recent years, it is important that the announcements at interchange stations be easy for commuters to understand so that they can navigate within the stations and move to the correct platform to board the trains. The aim of this research was to find out whether the current announcement system at MRT interchange stations is effective and how they can be further improved. A survey conducted with 42 P5 GEP pupils in HPPS and eight working adults revealed that 57% of them were either “always” or “most of the time” able to find their way around the stations if they were to only rely on the announcements made during their transit. 43% of the respondents found that the current announcement system is effective. 14% wished that the announcements could be more detailed and longer while 24% wished that it could be less detailed and shorter.

18 Poster

WHAT CAN BE DONE TO LESSEN THE AMOUNT OF HOMEWORK GIVEN? GOH CHEN YU

Henry Park Primary School Teacher-supervisors: Ms Peh Yunn Chyn

Denise Pope, a Stanford researcher found that too much homework could negatively affect children, leading to greater stress, poor health and less time for friends, family and extracurricular pursuits. This project aimed to find out how much homework was given to HPPS P5 GEP pupils and whether these pupils felt that the amount of homework given was appropriate. The survey with all 41 P5 pupils in the programme revealed that all respondents were given homework during weekdays and the majority was given homework during the weekends. Most respondents reported that they required 1-2 hours to complete their homework. While 84% of the respondents felt that they were able to cope with the amount of homework given, 52% felt the homework given was either not useful or they were not sure if it helped in their studies.

NO. ABSTRACT

19 HOW TO PROMOTE SUBBUTEO AMONG P5 GEP PUPILS IN HPPS? Poster LIM DING HENG

Henry Park Primary School Teacher-supervisors: Mr Yip Yew Fei

Subbuteo is a tabletop version of soccer in which players use their fingers to flick miniature figures of footballers in front of the ball in order to strike it towards the goal. The author observed that this game is not popular amongst his schoolmates and hence would like to conduct an investigation to find out how Subbuteo could be promoted among P5 GEP pupils in HPPS. A survey of all the P5 GEP HPPS pupils showed that only 12% of the respondents knew what Subbuteo was. 67% of the respondents were interested to find out how to play this game. Some ways that respondents suggested to promote the game included the use of posters, advertisements, workshops, internet articles and setting up Subbuteo as a Co-Curricular Activity (CCA) in the school.

20 IDEAL ASSOCIATION FOOTBALL (SOCCER) PLAYERS: KNOWING THE RULES! Poster NG KHAI CHIH


The researcher observed that his schoolmates did not seem to know the rules of association football (soccer) well which had led to arguments and misunderstandings during game play. The aim of the project was to find out how much P4 and 5 GEP pupils in HPPS knew about the rules of association football. A survey conducted with 68 P4 and 5 pupils showed that only 7.4% of the respondents were able to answer at least 50% of the items in the survey questionnaire. 5 articles were written to help increase the knowledge of association football amongst P4 and 5 GEP pupils.

NO. ABSTRACT

21 MY DREAM LAPTOP Poster NG TZE LOONG JEROME THOMAS


The project aimed to find out what features P5 GEP pupils in HPPS wished to have in their dream laptop. The researcher observed that laptops are used widely and there are many models of laptops with different features in the market. A survey conducted on 41 P5 GEP pupils from HPPS revealed that 86% wished that their laptops could be waterproof. 86% hoped that laptops could be foldable for greater portability. More than 50% of the respondents hoped that their laptops could have an eye/voice password security feature and a built-in solar panel-cum-charger. More than 80% of the respondents also valued high resolution screen, quick reaction speed and a large amount of hard disk storage.

22 WHY IS MY DOG’S VOICE SO RUFF? Oral NG YIT KHUIN ALTHAN

Henry Park Primary School Teacher-supervisor: Ms Peh Yunn Chyn

This research aimed to find out how much P5 GEP pupils in HPPS know about the common behaviours exhibited by dogs and cats and to increase their awareness of such behaviours. Two rounds of surveys were administered to 42 pupils. In the first survey, respondents were asked to interpret different animal behaviours. About 60% of the respondents were unable to interpret the behaviours of cats correctly for 6 out of 8 items and the behaviours of dogs correctly for 5 out of 8 items. Answers were then shared with the respondents after they had taken the first survey. A second survey with four different scenarios depicting the behaviour of dogs and cats was then administrated to the same group of pupils to find out how much the respondents had learnt from the first survey. On average, the pupils showed increased awareness in their responses.

NO. ABSTRACT

23 HOW ACCURATE IS GPS LOCATION INFORMATION IN URBAN SINGAPORE? Oral ONG JUNHENG OWEN

Henry Park Primary School Teacher-supervisor: Mr Yip Yew Fei

The aim of this project was to find out how accurate the reception of GPS location information was in Singapore. With the widespread use of smartphones with GPS, more and more people are relying on such applications on their smartphones for navigation. As buildings in urban Singapore are built close together, this can affect the accuracy of the GPS information. Through conducting a survey on GPS application usage and observations on the accuracy of the GPS location information using two different smartphones, the reception of GPS information in Singapore meets the general expectations of the respondents. Based on these results, it could be concluded that the reception of GPS location information on smartphones is generally accurate and hence recommended for use.

24 HOW DO NHPS P5 PUPILS FEEL ABOUT THE CHINESE LANGUAGE? WHAT EXACTLY DO THEY DISLIKE ABOUT IT?

Poster CHIA SI NUO DEBORAH, TOH YIH WEI, HO CLOEY Nan Hua Primary School Teacher-supervisor: Mrs Lee Ai Foon

Many NHPS P5 pupils claim that they dislike Chinese. A phenomenon commented on by many parents on social media platforms. This project aimed to find out why NHPS pupils disliked the subject and what could be done to help them develop interest in the subject. To achieve this aim, 72 P5 pupils were surveyed, and 5 were interviewed. The findings revealed that pupils had difficulties completing exercises in Chinese comprehension, as they were unable to score even though they knew the answers. Additionally, it was found that the reading of Chinese books and the use of games during lessons were more effective than tuition classes in developing interest in the subject.

NO. ABSTRACT

25 Poster

WHICH BRAND OF ANTIBACTERIAL SOAP IS THE MOST EFFECTIVE IN KILLING BACTERIA?

FU WEIFENG, YU QI YUAN Nan Hua Primary School Teacher-supervisor: Ms Gwendolyn Hew

The aim of this project was to investigate which brand of antibacterial soap was most effective in eliminating bacteria. The findings from a survey with 36 P5 GEP pupils at NHPS showed that most pupils believed that antibacterial soap had the ability to destroy germs effectively. However, many pupils were unable to identify the brand of antibacterial soap which was most effective in eliminating bacteria. In order to find out, bacteria was cultivated and an equal volume was placed in 5% dilution of each brand of soap. After 24 hours, the number of colonies of bacteria present was recorded. The results of the experiment revealed that among the four brands of soap tested, Brand B had an inherent advantage and was the most effective in eliminating bacteria.

26 EFFECTIVENESS OF TELEVISION ADVERTISEMENTS Poster LIM CHERN HOWE RYAN, JI ZHIHANG, WU BANGQIANG

Nan Hua Primary School Teacher-supervisor: Ms Pek Hai Lin

The aim of the project was to find out if television advertising was as effective in influencing consumers to buy a product as Facebook advertisements. According to an Adweek Media/Harris Interactive survey conducted in 2010, it was reported that people were less responsive to television advertisements than they were to Facebook advertisements. A survey on approximately 75 adults was conducted through an online website. The findings from the project revealed that television advertisements were effective in increasing the likelihood that a consumer would buy the advertised product. In fact, television advertisements outperformed Facebook advertisements in this aspect.

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27 REPELLING ANTS Poster LIU YU JIE, HANG QIAN YU

Nan Hua Primary School Teacher-supervisor: Ms Gwendolyn Hew

The aim of the project was to find out which organic and non-toxic

substance was most effective at repelling ants from food. Organic substances could deter ants from moving towards a food source. However, according to Tate, 2010, in her blog Networx, the Home Improvement Network, there was no conclusion which substance was most effective at repelling ants. In order to find out, experiments were conducted using Pharaoh Ants (Monomorium pharaonis). Sugar water was used as food for the ants, while lemon, pepper, chili and garlic were used as ant repellents. Based on the results, garlic was the most effective and consistent in repelling ants. Lemon and pepper had no effect on the ants, while chili was only effective in some instances.

28 Poster

CARBON FOOTPRINT OF WATER PROCESSING AND PRODUCTION OOI XUAN SHAN, QUEK RYAN, TEO PHILBERT


The aim of the project was to determine how people would respond to information on the differences in carbon footprint incurred by tap water and bottled water. Many people have been drinking water without knowledge of the carbon footprint incurred in the production of tap water and bottled water. A survey conducted with 36 Primary 5TAG pupils from NHPS revealed that 58% of the pupils drank water directly from the tap. After being shown a set of slides which explained the carbon footprint generated by bottled water, 27% who reported that they initially drank only from bottled water indicated that they would convert to drinking tap water. This showed that given convincing statistics, pupils were willing to make an effort to change their water drinking habits in a bid to help conserve the environment.

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29 DOES TUITION HELP TO IMPROVE P5 NHPS PUPILS’ GRADES? Poster YEO HUI MIN RACHEL, LOH YI QING

Nan Hua Primary School Teacher-supervisor: Ms Alice Teng Rui Chin

According to The Straits Times, Singaporean parents spent a lot of money on tuition for their children in 2014. However, there was much speculation about whether tuition was useful (Lee, 2013). The aim of the project was to identify the subject for which tuition was most effective among NHPS P5 GEP pupils. A survey was conducted with 52 P5 GEP pupils to find out if tuition helped to improve their results, as well as their opinions on the effectiveness of the tuition received. It was discovered that the number of pupils who showed an improvement in examination results after receiving Chinese tuition was the highest compared to that of pupils who received English, Mathematics and Science tuition. Hence, it was concluded that Chinese tuition was more useful than English, Mathematics and Science tuition.

30 CONGESTION ON MRT PLATFORMS Poster ZHANG XINHAI, CHEN GUANGYUAN, NEO SOUW CHUAN


It was observed that over-crowding at MRT platforms during peak hours was a pertinent problem which all regular Singaporean commuters faced on a daily basis. The aim of the project was to find a feasible solution to this problem. After rounds of discussion and brainstorming, it was proposed that signboards that stated the estimated number of people at the platform and the total amount of waiting time needed to board a train be installed outside the MRT stations. The estimations would be made by the staff at the station. If the waiting time was not acceptable, commuters could choose to change their mode of transport. The public was asked how feasible they thought the idea was on a scale of 1 to 5, with five being very good. 80% of the respondents gave a rating of 3 and above. Half of the respondents indicated that they would change their mode of transport if the waiting time was not acceptable to them.

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31 COMICS VERSUS ENCYCLOPEDIAS Poster ZHAO YUANRUi, YUAN HAOXIANG, WANG JUNHUAI

Nan Hua Primary School Teacher-supervisor: Ms Gwendolyn Hew

The aim of the research was to find out if reading Young Scientist comics was more effective than Life Science encyclopedia in helping pupils retain facts related to Plants and Nutrition. A pre-survey revealed that there were people who thought that comics contained important Science facts. On the other hand, there were others who thought that encyclopedias were far more accurate and helped pupils learn better. A survey and a test were conducted with 52 NHPS P5 GEP pupils after they had completed reading the comics and the encyclopedia. The results revealed that learning through comics was more engaging for most of the boys and some of the girls. However, the encyclopedia was more effective in helping approximately 10 % of the pupils retain knowledge on Plants and Nutrition. The results showed that pupils should use the Young Scientist comics to obtain a brief idea of the topic before reading Life Science encyclopedias to delve deeper into a particular topic.

32 THE EFFECTIVENESS OF TUITION ─ TO TUTOR OR NOT TO TUTOR, THAT IS THE QUESTION

Oral GOH SU EN, LEE JIA E JEANETTE Nan Hua Primary School Teacher-supervisor: Ms Alice Teng Rui Chin

Based on the Household Expenditure Survey 2012/13, Singapore households spent S$1 billion on private tuition and other educational courses. A 2015 Straits Times survey found that seven in ten parents send their children for tuition. However, it was not clear if the money and time spent on tuition improved academic performance. The aim of this research was to determine if there was any correlation between the time spent on tuition by P4 to P6 pupils in NHPS and their academic performance. A total of 86 pupils (29 with tuition, and 57 without tuition) were surveyed. The survey results showed that 34% of the pupils with tuition felt that it did not improve their academic performance. In fact, they felt that having tuition reduced their likelihood of attaining a higher score. A comparison of grades was made between pupils with and without tuition. More than half of the pupils without tuition scored between 76 and 100 while only 48% of the pupils with tuition scored between 76 and 100.

NO. ABSTRACT 33 FOOD FOR THOUGHT: DOES SKIPPING BREAKFAST AFFECT MEMORY? Oral LIU BENEDICT, PENG ZIKANG, TEW EN HAO

Nan Hua Primary School Teacher-supervisor: Mr Thomas Lim Kok Thiong

Pollitt (1995), a researcher in childhood nutrition had noted that children often skipped breakfast and that the habit had a negative effect on their learning. The aim of the project was to find out whether skipping breakfast affected the retention of information among P5 GEP pupils in NHPS. A memory test revealed that skipping breakfast led to a 29.1% decline in the retention of information among pupils who usually consume breakfast. Additionally, it was found that the consumption of breakfast resulted in a 12.5% increase in the retention of information among pupils who do not usually consume breakfast. This led to the conclusion that the consumption of breakfast is beneficial to the mind. Parents, teachers and pupils need to be aware of the importance of consuming breakfast.

34 THE LINK BETWEEN COLOURS AND PERFORMANCE ON CONCENTRATION TESTS

Poster CHIA SHEVONNE Nanyang Primary School Teacher-supervisor: Mr Vo Van Hung

The aim of the project was to determine which background colour is best for tasks requiring concentration like doing puzzles. There is disparity in current research regarding this - some claim that red and green are the most effective (Hatta et al., 2002; Kwallek and Lewis, 1990) while others report that blue works better (Elliot et. al., 2007). A concentration test called ‘Rotations’ adapted from Cambridge Brain Sciences which involved determining whether a given grid figure was the image of another after rotation was administered to 89 P6 GEP pupils in NYPS. Results showed that green led to the greatest percentage of accurate responses (86.67%), followed by red (85.56%), white (82.5%), blue (82.22%) and yellow (75.79%). It is recommended that green and red items are placed at visible spots when one executes concentration-demanding tasks.

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35 Poster

DO P5 GEP PUPILS WHO PLAY CHESS PERFORM BETTER IN SOLVING MATHEMATICS PROBLEMS?

GOH JUN WEI ELLIOT Nanyang Primary School Teacher-supervisor: Mdm Mok Sze Hui

The aim of the project was to find out if P5 GEP pupils who played chess performed better in solving Mathematics problems. Chess playing involves choosing appropriate strategies to counter moves from the opponent, a skill used when solving Mathematics problems. Through conducting a survey questionnaire with 61 P5 GEP pupils, it seemed that those who played chess, which consisted of 56% of the sample population, did better in solving Mathematics problems. From interviews with 1 chess historian and coach, and 6 past and present school-team chess players, all the interviewees agreed that puzzle games and other brain games such as Sudoku contribute positively to a person’s general academic abilities, memory and thinking abilities.

36 ARE P5 GEP PUPILS IN NANYANG PRIMARY SCHOOL (NYPS) AUDITORY, VISUAL OR KINESTHETIC LEARNERS?

Poster KWEK SI YIH CHRISTINE Nanyang Primary School Teacher-supervisor: Mrs Geraldine Ortega

The aim of this project was to find out the proportion of auditory, visual and kinesthetic learners in P5 GEP pupils in NYPS. Knowing one’s learning type can help in one’s studies and help the teachers plan their lessons (T. Sparella 2015). A survey with 20 questions crafted to identify learning types was given out to 80 P5 NYPS GEP pupils. From 76 responses received, there were 28% auditory learners, 25% kinesthetic learners, 11% visual learners and 33% were from 4 mixed-learning types. Knowing that there is a higher proportion of auditory and kinesthetic learners, teachers can adjust their teaching methods to better suit the needs of these pupils by including more oral explanations and activities that are related to the subject.

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37 WHAT BENEFITS DO PARENTS EXPECT FROM THEIR CHILD’S INTAKE OF SUPPLEMENTS IN PRIMARY SCHOOLS? ARE THE CHILDREN KEEN TO TAKE THE SUPPLEMENTS?

Poster LIM SIYAO RACHEL Nanyang Primary School Teacher-supervisor: Mdm Guo Xinyi Cindy

Many pupils in NYPS take supplements without knowing why. The project aimed to find out what were benefits the parents expected their children to gain through supplement intake and promote awareness of the purpose for supplement intake. Surveys were given to 2 categories of pupils over a span of three months to have a fair representation of responses across the levels, 50 each from both the lower and upper primary levels. Results showed that 56% of the parents expected boosts in their children’s general health and pupils from the upper primary levels took more supplements than those in the lower primary levels.

38 DOES KNOWING SINGAPORE’S PRE-INDEPENDENCE HISTORY HELP NYPS P5 GEP PUPILS TO DEEPEN THEIR SENSE OF BELONGING?

Poster LOH SEE MIN ASHLEY Nanyang Primary School Teacher-supervisor: Mr Mohamad Sapiee bin Mohamad Sabar

The aim of this project was to find out if knowing Singapore's history helped NYPS P5 GEP pupils to increase their pride and affinity to Singapore. This topic was inspired by the SG50 Golden Jubilee edition of ‘The Little Red Dot’ newspaper, which showcased the changes and improvements Singapore experienced since pre-independence days. The survey results from 58 NYPS P5 GEP pupils showed that pupils with better knowledge of Singapore’s pre-independence history have a higher sense of pride and affinity than those who have little knowledge. It is also discovered that learning about Singapore from the P4 GEP Social Studies syllabus has been attributed to the good knowledge of Social Studies amongst the P5 pupils. It is suggested that the syllabus should be continued to be taught and also shared with the mainstream pupils.

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39 HOW PREVALENT IS STRESS AMONGST P5 NYPS META PUPILS? Poster LUM LAP HANG ABNER

Nanyang Primary School Teacher-supervisor: Mr Mohamad Sapiee bin Mohamad Sabar

The aim of the project was to find out how prevalent stress was amongst P5 NYPS META pupils. Newspaper articles reporting about the increasing number of Singaporeans suffering from stress today suggest that stress could be a health concern. In a survey of 92 P5 NYPS META pupils, many were found to be stressed, with 21.7% being highly stressed. It was also found that the pupils who were less stressed would opt to talk to their parents, unlike their highly-stressed counterparts. It was suggested that schools can help pupils to manage stress better by considering the following: reduce the number of projects assigned, extend pupils’ recess time and include more excursions and PE lessons in the curriculum.

40 THE POWER OF SUGGESTION Poster NEO YI TING CHLOE

Nanyang Primary School Teacher-supervisor: Mdm Mok Sze Hui

Decision making is widely perceived as a logical process. However, in real life, decision making is often influenced by the inherent bias of the individual and external suggestions such as visual inputs intended to elicit strong emotional responses. The aim of this research was to determine whether the power of suggestion affected decision making in children who were identified as highly intellectual. A survey questionnaire was conducted on 93 P5 GEP pupils of NYPS. From the results, it could be concluded that the power of suggestion via recent visual input(s) did affect decision making in P5 GEP pupils from NYPS. It was also noted that both males and females were equally affected by the power of suggestion.

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41 ARE PRE-SCHOOL CHILDREN CONSUMING ENOUGH WATER AND DO THEY HAVE HEALTHY DRINKING HABITS?

Poster ONG CHI JUAY Nanyang Primary School Teacher-supervisor: Mrs Geraldine Ortega

This project aimed to find out if pre-school children were drinking sufficient water compared to non-water beverages like Milo, milk and fruit juices. Pre-school children were selected as the target group because bad habits should be changed at a young age. A survey was given out to 74 parents of children in a pre-school and it was found that 61% of parents did not have sufficient knowledge of the amount of water pre-school children should consume and often allowed their children to consume non-water beverages. This led to the children’s bad drinking habits which could in turn lead to health problems in the future. Thus, a game was created in an attempt to increase awareness.

42 WHAT IS THE IMPACT OF A SCENTED AMBIENCE ON CUSTOMERS IN A

RETAIL SHOP? Poster PHUA KIA ERN JAYDENE

Nanyang Primary School Teacher-supervisor: Mr Chan Tai Yao

The aim of the project was to investigate the impact of a scented ambience on customers in a retail shop. This project can help retail shop owners know what type of scent to have in their retail shop as part of their marketing effort in attracting more customers. Through conducting a survey on 52 people who were willing to do the survey, it could be concluded that with fresh and refreshing scents (e.g. woody or oriental) in a retail shop, people would tend to stay longer in a retail shop given the pleasant shopping environment. This could then increase the chances of them buying more products. Hopefully, with this information, retail shop owners will be able to attract more customers to their shops and benefit from this project.

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43 Poster

WHAT ARE THE TOP 3 FACTORS AFFECTING THE PARENTS’ CHOICES OF ORGANIC VERSUS CONVENTIONAL BABY FOOD FOR THEIR BABIES?

POH QI YING CHABEL Nanyang Primary School Teacher-supervisor: Ms Guo Xinyi Cindy

In Singapore, there are mainly two types of baby food ─ Non-organic and Organic. The project aimed to find out what the top three factors affecting parents’ choices of baby food were, and which type was more popular. The purpose was to enable companies importing products to be more efficient when choosing which types to bring in for local consumers, resulting in greater consumer satisfaction. Data was gathered through an online survey over a course of two weeks and a total of 109 responses was received. After analysing the data, the conclusion was that the top three factors affecting choice were food safety, followed by country of manufacture and finally nutritional value. Parents surveyed were also more inclined toward buying organic food for their children.

44 WHAT TYPE OF VEGETABLES DO P5 PUPILS LIKE TO EAT? Poster SIN KAI JIE LUKE

Nanyang Primary School Teacher-supervisor: Ms Chee Sow Har

This project aimed to find out the types of vegetables P5 pupils liked to eat. A research in UK showed that only one in five children ate vegetables regularly. However, it was felt that children need to enjoy eating vegetables as they are important sources of nutrition. Results from a survey of 76 P5 pupils, and observations carried out at the economy rice stall in the school canteen showed that root vegetables were the most popular among pupils. They indicated that they preferred their vegetables to be stir-fried and prepared with meat. This is one of the better methods to retain nutrients. The results could be presented to the economy rice stallholders to prepare vegetables according to the pupils’ preferences in order to promote a healthy diet.

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45 Poster

HOW DOES HAVING A STAY-HOME MOTHER AFFECT A CHILD’S SENSE OF RESPONSIBILITY?

TAN JIA XIN, POH SHUHUI SASHA Nanyang Primary School Teacher-supervisor: Mr Mohamad Sapiee bin Mohamad Sabar

The aim of this project was to find out how stay-home mothers might affect their children’s sense of responsibility. Most mothers in Singapore work full-time, leaving the care of their children to caretakers. It is important for mothers to develop a secure relationship with their children to give them a sense of security and care, which will help them in the future. In a survey conducted on 91 P5 NYPS META pupils, it was found that children of stay-home mothers are more responsible in academic matters, whereas children of working mothers are more responsible in non-academic matters. It was also discovered that stay-home mothers felt that their children were more responsible as compared to those with working mothers.

46 WHAT ARE THE EFFECTS OF LEMON JUICE ON APPLE OXIDATION? Poster YONG QI HAN

Nanyang Primary School Teacher-supervisor: Mdm Chiang Lih Pyng

The aim of this project was to find out the concentration of fresh lemon juice that would keep the apple from oxidizing for the longest time, while ensuring the least wastage of lemon juice when possible. People tend to discard oxidised apple slices more often than other fruits just because of their brown colour, although, the coloration of apple slices does not affect the taste or nutritional value at all. Through an experiment, it was observed that the more concentrated the lemon juice used to coat an apple slice, the longer it took to start oxidising. Thus, it was recommended that pure juice squeezed directly from a lemon be used to coat apple slices to prevent oxidation and thereby reduce unnecessary food wastage. Lemon juice also has the added advantage of being rich in Vitamin C, unlike salt.

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47 THE VIABILITY OF PEEL ADHESIVES Oral CHING WEI QUAN DANIEL

Nanyang Primary School Teacher-supervisor: Mdm Chiang Lih Pyng

The objective of this study was to determine the viability of using natural starch adhesives made with the peels of potato, sweet potato and taro, in comparison to commercial liquid glue (as control). The different root peels were placed into a blender and puréed to obtain 20g of adhesive each. The peel adhesives and commercial liquid glue were applied onto two pieces of cardboard each and left to dry for 2 days. Weights were added incrementally until the two pieces of cardboard gave way at the area where the adhesive was applied. Results showed that the potato peel adhesive was the strongest of the three root crops, making it most viable as a useful natural product. Its strength was comparable to commercial liquid glue.

48 Oral

NYPS TRAFFIC STUDY KHONG JING YI

Nanyang Primary School Teacher-supervisor: Mrs Geraldine Ortega

Traffic congestion around NYPS during arrival and dismissal times has been a problem. This project aimed to understand the current traffic congestion problems in NYPS, gather feedback and ideas from parents and pupils, and create a greater awareness of the need to suggest solutions to improve the traffic situation. Through an interview with NYPS Operations Manager, field observations, and surveys of parents, teachers and pupils, it was found that the school’s “landlocked” position, the timing, inadequate wet weather shelter and indiscriminate parking are the major causes. Thus easing the traffic bottlenecks, spreading the traffic volume over time, building extended wet weather shelter and acquiring cooperation from parents are ways that would help to improve the situation.

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49 WHAT ARE THE FACTORS THAT PREVENT SHOPPERS FROM BRINGING

THEIR BAGS TO FAIRPRICE SUPRMARKETS WHEN THEY SHOP? Oral PHOON CHOY YEE CRYSTAL

Nanyang Primary School Teacher-supervisor: Ms Esther Lum Hui Shan

The aim of the project was to find out why many shoppers do not bring their own grocery bags to FairPrice supermarkets. FairPrice has organised a scheme that would allow consumers to get a rebate if they bring their own grocery bag, but according to a study conducted by Singapore Environment Council, Singapore still uses a staggering 3 billion plastic bags a year. A survey was given out to 56 members of the public using convenience sampling. From the findings, 66% of the respondents indicated that giving rebates is not an effective incentive for FairPrice consumers to bring their own grocery bags. Also, 58% of the respondents were unaware of the rebate scheme despite current advertising. Thus, FairPrice should come up with other forms of incentives and improve their advertising techniques.

50 WHICH CCAS PROVIDE PUPILS WITH THE MOST EXERCISE TO BUILD UP THEIR PHYSICAL FITNESS?

Oral PHUA KAI JIE Nanyang Primary School Teacher-supervisor: Mdm Chiang Lih Pyng

Exercise is important for health and fitness. Studies show that we need to take more than 10,000 steps per day to get enough exercise. The objective of this study was to find out the amount of exercise done during PE classes and different CCAs in NYPS by measuring the number of steps taken via the use of commercial activity trackers. From the results, it was found that the three CCAs that provided the most exercise were soccer, basketball and track-and-field. String ensemble and debate provided the least exercise. The data collected also showed that PE classes alone do not provide enough exercise. Thus, it is recommended that pupils participate more in CCAs that have physical activities to keep themselves healthy and fit.

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51 COMMON METHODS OF DIETING Poster AW SI YU

Raffles Girls’ Primary School Teacher-supervisor: Mrs Elaine Chong

The aims of this project were to find out the common methods that people used to lose weight and the possible side effects that might occur as a result so as to raise awareness about the harmful effects of dieting. Peer pressure, amongst other factors, seems to compel many people, especially teenagers, to resort to dieting in order to look good or slim in front of others. However, it is also undeniable that dieting can be harmful to health. The findings from a survey conducted on 66 P5 RGPS GEP pupils show that low-calorie dieting is the most common weight loss method and more than half of the dieters have experienced side effects such as hair loss, nausea and dizziness from attempting different weight loss methods.

52 WHAT ARE THE PERSPECTIVES OF P5 RGPS GEP PUPILS ON GIRLS TAKING UP MARTIAL ARTS?

Poster GWEE SU-EN AMANDA Raffles Girls’ Primary School Teacher-supervisor: Mrs Elaine Chong

Martial Arts originated in East Asia more than two thousand years ago and has since grown to about two hundred individual types. It is practised by more than one hundred million people worldwide. The author has been practising Martial Arts since she was six years old and observed that there are more boys than girls taking this sport. The aim of this project was to find out the perspectives of RGPS P5 GEP pupils on girls practising Martial Arts. Survey findings from 57 respondents showed that 80% of them had positive opinions on girls taking up Martial Arts. 80% of them felt that gender equality was important and that whatever boys could do, girls could too. It can be concluded that P5 RGPS GEP pupils have mostly positive perspectives on girls taking up Martial Arts.

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53 PRAISE AND MOTIVATION Poster LEE KOK XUAN

Raffles Girls’ Primary School Teacher-supervisor: Mdm Ee Bee Yian

According to James Groccia (1992), pupils require some form of stimulus to activate, provide direction for, and encourage persistence in their study and learning efforts. Motivation is what stimulates pupils to acquire, transform and use knowledge while the use of praise could enhance a pupil’s motivation and enjoyment of task. The aim of this project was to find out whether the use of praise would motivate pupils to work harder in their studies. Through a survey on 50 P5 RGPS GEP pupils, it was found that the common praise line used by teachers was “Good Job”. Findings also showed that pupils were often motivated when they received positive praises from their parents or teachers and they tended to work harder after that.

54 NATURAL ANTI-BACTERIAL EFFECTS Poster LIM XIN YI

Raffles Girls’ Primary School Teacher-supervisor: Mdm Kavitha Selvanathan

The aim of this project was to find out which natural cleaning agent kills bacteria most effectively. An experiment was conducted where bacteria was inoculated onto the culture before the cleaning agents were introduced. The petri dish which contained the least amount of bacteria growth on the culture would denote that the cleaning agent introduced in that culture was the most effective cleaning agent. Findings showed that there was a clear association between the pH value of the substance and how prone it was to bacteria growth, proving that when a natural cleaning agent was introduced, the growth of the bacteria would be hindered in comparison to the control. Lemon, followed by white vinegar and rosemary were the best at slowing down bacterial growth or killing them.

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55 Poster

MINECRAFT ─ IS IT JUST ANOTHER VIDEO GAME? LEOW EN-QI NATANIA

Raffles Girls’ Primary School Teacher-supervisor: Mrs Janice Low

Minecraft, a sandbox independent video game that allows players to construct with textured cubes in a 3D procedurally generated world, has taken the world by storm. Minecraft is used as an educational tool in some countries and children are such Minecraft enthusiasts. This project aimed to investigate the extent to which Minecraft featured in the lives of RGPS GEP pupils, their siblings and friends. Why was Minecraft so popular? Did Minecraft players do well in school? Surveys administered via random sampling to 30 RGPS pupils between the ages 7 to 12 revealed that Minecraft was popular amongst children largely because it was an avenue for unlimited creative expression. Minecraft players also did not do poorly in school exams. Hence, it was recommended that Minecraft could be used in Singapore, for the teaching of mathematical concepts, collaborative problem solving, creative thinking and innovative design skills.

56 HOW DOES MUSIC THAT SIX YEAR OLD PRE-SCHOOLERS LIKE OR DISLIKE AFFECT THEIR PERFORMANCE IN A MATH TEST?

Poster ONG JINGWEN CHLOE Raffles Girls’ Primary School Teacher-supervisor: Mr Phan Wai Mun

Many different studies have been done to show how music affects the level of concentration in adults and the results of these studies varied. The aim of this research was to find out how music that pre-schoolers liked or disliked affected their performance in Math tests and essentially how well they could concentrate on the tests. Three tests were conducted on twenty pre-schoolers, one in a quiet setting, one with the music that pre-schoolers liked in the background and one with music that they disliked in the background. The findings showed that pre-schoolers could concentrate best in a quiet environment and hence performed better in the test when they were in such an environment.

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57 EFFECTS OF WHITE BLEACH AND COLOURED BLEACH ON DIFFERENT TYPES OF FABRICS

Poster TONG ZAYN Raffles Girls’ Primary School Teacher-supervisor: Mdm Tan Hwee Hoon

The aim of this project was to find out the effects of white bleach and coloured bleach on different types of fabrics. Bleach has been used for many centuries. This study was done as a result of an interest in the impact of bleach on fabrics. A scientific experiment was conducted to collect data with four types of fabrics (cotton, nylon, satin and denim) and four types of stains (milo, dark soya sauce, soil and oil). The analysis showed that both types of bleach worked quite well on the fabrics used but there were differences in the cleanliness of the fabrics after the wash. The effect of bleach on nylon was the best. The knowledge gained from this project could be helpful for people using bleach to remove stains on different types of fabrics.

58 DOES COLOUR AFFECT TASTE? Poster WEE JIEN MING PHOEBE

Raffles Girls’ Primary School Teacher-supervisor: Mdm Rayhanah Mohd

The aim of this project was to find out whether colour forms a perception on the taste of medicine. Medicine is typically sold at pharmacies and clinics. They come in different colours and people sometimes form first impressions of these medicine based on their colour. After surveying 142 pupils from RGPS P5 cohort and choosing 18 pupils to participate in the experiment, it could be concluded that pink was more acceptable to young children as they associated medicine of this colour with a sweet taste. Children tended to avoid medicine that was green as they thought it did not taste good. These findings could possibly help pharmaceutical companies decide on the colour of the medicine they produce.

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59 WHY DO MIDDLE-AGED WOMEN IN SINGAPORE WATCH KOREAN DRAMA? Oral LOH LI ANN JILLIAN ASHLEIGH

Raffles Girls’ Primary School Teacher-supervisor: Mdm Ee Bee Yian

The Korean Wave is a neologism referring to the increase in the popularity of South Korean culture since the late 1990s. Since then, there has been a significant increase in the popularity of South Korean entertainment globally. The aim of this project was to find out why middle-aged women in Singapore watch Korean dramas. A survey was conducted using sampling with 50 Singaporean women aged 35 to 59. Using the Uses and Gratifications and Parasocial Interactions theories to explain the Korean Wave, the results showed the relative importance of various factors such as interesting storylines, high quality acting, and the physical attractiveness of the actors/actresses. The most cited gratification for watching Korean Drama was that it helped the respondents to “unwind and relax”. Parasocial Interaction was also displayed to some extent. This project also showed how communication theories can be used to explain why some genres or types of entertainment appeal to specific demographics.

60 SINGAPORE’S TRAY RETURNING INITIATIVE Oral KWAN RAE YANN JANAE

Raffles Girls’ Primary School Teacher-supervisor: Mdm Kavitha Selvanathan

The National Environment Agency (NEA) rolled out the tray return initiative in 2012 at the hawker centres and food outlets. This initiative aimed to encourage social graciousness in Singapore. Despite the publicity for this initiative, the civic mindedness of diners at food centres can still be improved. The aim of this project was to find ways to improve the NEA’s Tray Return Campaign at food centres. A survey of 40 children and 40 adults, on-site observations at two food centres and an email interview with NEA were conducted. Based on the findings, it is recommended that there can be consistency in implementation by making tray return stations available at all food centres, increasing their visibility and having NEA hold talks at schools and community centres. Another innovative method to have patrons insert a coin deposit to use trays can also be considered.

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61 Oral

ARE MALES BETTER DRIVERS THAN FEMALES? TAN NINN TAESHA

Raffles Girls’ Primary School Teacher-supervisor: Mrs Kimie Sng

It has been a common belief that females are worse drivers than males. This stereotype could stem from the belief that males have better hand-eye coordination than females. Stereotypes aside, this study made use of surveys, interviews and observational field studies to determine if this belief, commonly stated in articles and also by drivers, is true. The survey was taken by 40 active drivers (20 females and 20 males). The interview was later conducted on 10 of these drivers (5 males and 5 females). An observational field study was also conducted to observe driving habits and patterns. The findings from the study suggested that males are better drivers than females as they represent a higher percentage of those who exhibited behavior expected of a good driver. They included graciousness on the road and adherence to traffic rules.

62 HOW EFFECTIVE IS VINEGAR AS A DISINFECTANT? Poster CHAN SHIN LENG ADRIENNE

Rosyth School Teacher-supervisor: Mrs Debbie Lam

Vinegar is commonly used for culinary purposes, but it can also be used as a disinfectant or a household cleaning agent. The aim of the project was to compare and evaluate the effectiveness of different types of vinegar in disinfecting a surface. In the experiment carried out to achieve the aim, artificial vinegar, distilled white vinegar and apple cider vinegar were used separately to disinfect a surface. Subsequently, the number of bacterial colonies on the surface was counted and recorded. The results of the experiment suggested that artificial vinegar was the most effective disinfectant among the types of vinegar tested. The findings of this research study would be useful to members of the public and would serve to educate people about the effectiveness of different types of vinegar in disinfecting a surface.

NO. ABSTRACT

63 Poster

HOW EFFECTIVE IS GIVING A PRESENTATION IN RAISING AWARENESS OF HEARING LOSS IN P5 GEP PUPILS IN ROSYTH?

CHIA ZI XIANG TIMOTHY Rosyth School Teacher-supervisor: Ms Toh Shimin

There had been an increase in the number of teenagers who had experienced hearing loss. It was reported that one in five teenagers suffered from at least slight hearing loss, a significant rise from a decade ago (Rabin, 2010). According to World Health Organisation (2015), 1.1 billion people were at risk of hearing loss due to the misuse of mobile devices. It is worrying that many teenagers are losing their hearing abilities because of bad habits in the use of mobile devices. Thus, this project aimed to find out if a presentation could educate pupils about hearing loss. 46 pupils from the P5 GEP in Rosyth were surveyed before and after a presentation about hearing loss was conducted. The results suggested that the presentation succeeded in educating pupils about the causes, consequences, and symptoms of hearing loss as well as how to prevent it.

64 Poster

WHAT ARE THE ADVERTISING STRATEGIES USED IN FAST-FOOD PRINT MEDIA THAT WILL APPEAL TO P5 ROSYTHIANS?

CHIK YAN XIANG JOEL Rosyth School Teacher-supervisor: Mr Wang Yao Chang Melvin

The aim of this research was to determine the advertising strategies used in fast-food print media that would appeal to P5 GEP Rosythians. Since the turn of the century, advertising to children had grown increasingly profitable and companies had been resorting to a variety of methods - toys and cartoon character freebies - to persuade children to purchase their products (Fernado, 2009). Additionally, research by Jacobson (2008) showed that children were generally not discerning consumers. This research hoped to create awareness amongst parents and children by identifying the most effective advertising strategies used by these businesses. A survey conducted with 73 P5 GEP Rosythians found that a majority of the pupils were calculative and the introduction of bargain deals

was more likely to persuade them to purchase a product.

NO. ABSTRACT

65 HOW HAS THE ADDICTION TO ELECTRONIC GAMES CHANGED COMMUNICATION BETWEEN PARENTS AND THEIR P5 GEP CHILDREN?

Poster HONG WAN JING, NGOOI LER JOYCE Rosyth School Teacher-supervisor: Mrs Debbie Lam

Technological advances, such as the development of the Internet and mobile devices, had contributed to the growth of the gaming industry. As gaming becomes more prevalent among children, there are concerns that children are becoming increasingly addicted to their devices and communication is breaking down between children and their parents (Redmond D. L., 2010). The aim of the project was to inform RS P5 GEP pupils and their parents how electronic games affect communication. Results from surveys conducted with 71 RS P5 GEP pupils and their parents, as well as an interview with the school GEP counsellor, suggested that electronic games negatively affected communication. Suggestions were to help parents and their children curb addiction to electronic games.

66 HOW CAN COMMON HOUSEHOLD SUBSTANCES EXTEND THE LIFE OF CUT FLOWERS?

Poster LIM KAI YANG HAYDEN, LIM YU WEI Rosyth School Teacher-supervisor: Mrs Debbie Lam

The aim of the project was to find out how people could extend the life of cut flowers using common household substances. Experiments were carried out to determine which substance (sugar, salt, aspirin and a copper coin) was the most effective in extending the life of cut flowers. Studies had shown that the substances chosen could possibly extend the life of cut flowers (Keevil, 2015). During the experiment, photographs of the flowers were taken daily. The wilting process was reported based on the colour of the flowers and how much they drooped. The results from the experiment suggested that sugar is the best household substance in extending the life of the cut flowers. In a second experiment, a mixture of sugar and a copper coin was applied to the cut flowers but the results were inconclusive.

NO. ABSTRACT

67 Poster

CAN PEPPERMINT IMPROVE PUPILS’ MEMORY? LIN LIXUAN, LEE ZHI YING CHERLYN

Rosyth School Teacher-supervisor: Mrs Helen Tan

The aim of the project was to find out whether the taste of peppermint was able to improve the retention of information. Studies have shown that the inhalation of peppermint oils help to boost memory. When pupils chew on peppermint sweets, the peppermint scent released might keep the pupils alert and improve their ability to retain information (Moss, 2006). With better memory, pupils would be able to remember more facts taught in school and perform better in tests (Thorne G. 2006). The research was carried out with 57 P2 pupils from RS after permission had been sought from their parents. An experiment was then conducted to test if the pupils’ ability to memorise improved after they had consumed a peppermint sweet. During the experiment, the pupils were required to complete a memory test, before and after they had consumed a peppermint sweet. The results suggested that peppermint had a positive effect on the pupils’ memory.

68 SAFETY OF CHILDREN IN THE CAR Poster TAN XUAN YUN ALINA

Rosyth School Teacher-supervisor: Miss Ng Jieying

The aim of the project was to find out how the safety of children in cars could be improved. Lim, A. (12 January, 2015), stated in his article, ‘Is Junior Safe and Secure in Your Car?’ that there had been an increase in the number of children not buckling up since 2014. It is important for children to buckle up as this prevents them from getting hurt in an accident. The results from the 115 pre-surveys and 44 surveys with the P5 and P6 RS GEP pupils revealed that 35% of the P5 pupils and 56% of the P6 pupils wanted their seatbelt to be more comfortable as the positioning of the seatbelts restrict the movement of parts of their bodies. Hence, the project included research on more comfortable types of seatbelts for pupils so that they will be more willing to put their seatbelts on. In addition, pupils were educated about the dangers of not wearing a seatbelt through the screening of a YouTube video.

NO. ABSTRACT

69 DO PETS REDUCE ACADEMIC STRESS? Poster TAY JIA XUAN

Rosyth School Teacher-supervisor: Ms Toh Shimin

The aim of the project was to find out whether pets, which were often seen as sources of distraction, could reduce academic stress among P5 GEP RS pupils. Researchers at the University of Minnesota’s Boynton Health Service found that stress was an important factor that negatively affected academic performance. The possibility of pets being able to reduce academic stress could convince parents to get their child a pet. A survey was first conducted on 33 pupils to determine the target group for the experiment. Subsequently, 24 of the pupils were given a hamster to play with. The effects of play-time with the hamsters on the 24 test subjects were then captured in two post-experiment surveys. The survey results suggested that pets do reduce stress among P5 pupils.

70 HOW GREASY ARE POTATO CHIPS? Poster ZHANG JINJIA, CHAN HAN WEI LEXUS


The aim of the project was to evaluate the amount of grease contained in the four brands of potato chips chosen. Pieces of potato chips from all four brands were crushed with a rolling pin on a piece of graph paper. After five minutes, the area of oil stains for each brand was measured. The results showed that Brand D was the least greasy and Brand C was the greasiest. Additionally, a survey of 50 pupils revealed that Brands A and D were the most popular and cheapest choices among the four brands chosen. Findings from this research could help inform Rosythians who were unaware of the amount of grease found in potato chips to choose healthier brands of potato chips. It is advisable for consumers to read the labels on the packaging of potato chips carefully and avoid making choices based only on the price or taste of the product.

NO. ABSTRACT

71 Oral

ELEMENTS OF FAST-FOOD ADVERTISEMENTS THAT APPEAL TO P5 GEP ROSYTHIANS

LAM JING XIANG MATTHEW Rosyth School Teacher-supervisor: Mr Melvin Wang Yao Chang

The aim of the project was to find out which elements of fast-food television advertisements directed at children appealed to P5 GEP pupils. According to Calvert (2008), television is the main mode for advertising to children. Unfortunately, food products featured in television advertisements are usually low in nutritional value (Calvert, 2008). To achieve the aim, a survey of 71 P5 pupils and 4 interviews were conducted and the results were triangulated. The results showed that affordable bargain deals was the most effective strategy to convince P5 GEP pupils to purchase a product. This is contrary to the results found in existing research which characterised children as lacking the cognitive ability to differentiate what is advertised from reality, thus being susceptible to marketing gimmicks.

72 EFFECT(S) OF USING SOCIAL MEDIA WEBSITES ON RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN CHILD AND FAMILY

Oral TIU YU-EN SARAH, SIVAKUMAR AVANTHIKA Rosyth School Teacher-supervisor: Ms Ng Jieying

Bloxham, A. (18 Nov, 2010) stated that the use of social media websites by school children had led to their reluctance to spend time to communicate with their family members. The aim of the project was to find out the effects of the use of social media websites on relationships between P5 GEP pupils and their family members. In order to achieve the aim, a survey was conducted with 29 P5 GEP pupils in RS and 27 of their parents. The results showed that social media negatively affected the relationships between children and their family. After the results were obtained, letters were disseminated to parents of the test subjects to suggest steps parents could take to improve their relationships with their children.

NO. ABSTRACT

73 WHICH BRAND’S JUICE HAS THE MOST VITAMIN C? Oral QUEK YI HENG TITUS


The aim of the project was to find out the brand and flavour of juice that contained the most Vitamin C. Labels on juice cartons could be unreliable or misleading at times (Negowetti, 2014). Drinks sold in the supermarket might not contain 100% natural juice as reported by the label. A pre-survey was conducted to find out the brands and flavours popular among the families of P5 GEP students in RS. After the survey, three different flavours of juice, each from Brand X and Y, were chosen to experiment on. The iodine titration method was used to find out how much iodine was required to react with the Vitamin C in the juice. The results showed that apple juice from Brand X contained the most Vitamin C compared to the different juices from the two brands.

74 QUALITY FAMILY TIME AND WELLBEING OF PUPILS Poster GOH JUN YONG DANIEL

Saint Hilda’s Primary School Teacher-supervisor: Mr Tan Boon Tee

A recent poll conducted by Families for Life revealed that 7 in 10 felt spending time with their families made them happiest, ahead of things like achieving financial goals or having adequate personal time. The aim of the project was find out the level of well-being of GEP pupils in SHPS who spend quality time doing their favourite activities with their family. In this project, the measures of well-being included happiness level, enjoyment in learning, and satisfaction with school, test anxiety, feeling of autonomy, feeling of competence and relationship with friends. Through conducting a survey with 89 P4 to P6 GEP pupils, it was interesting to note that pupils who spent quality family time achieved better in most aspects of well-being (happiness, enjoyment in learning, satisfaction with school and feeling of competence) than those who did not. The findings could provide useful insights to people who desire to spend more quality time with their families.

NO. ABSTRACT

75 MOTIVATIONAL LEVELS OF SPORTS TEAMS IN SHPS Poster YONG HAN QIN

Saint Hilda’s Primary School Teacher-supervisor: Mdm Natila

The motivational level of sports teams is crucial to their success. The aim of this research was to find out the motivational levels of players in the sports teams in SHPS by using the Sport Motivation Scale by Pelletier et al, 1995. A survey was administered to a group of boys and girls from the Table Tennis, Hockey, Volleyball and Netball sports teams. 65 pupils between the age of 10 and 11 responded to the survey. It was found that the level of motivation among the sports teams were comparable. However, the Netball team reported slightly higher determination to succeed, commitment and growth mindset. The Netball team has also achieved more success in competitions compared to the other sports team in SHPS.

76 DECORATED AND BRIGHTLY-COLOURED TRASH BINS Oral

AMIR IZAAZ BIN MOHAMMAD FAIZ Saint Hilda’s Primary School Teacher-supervisor: Mr Tan Boon Tee

Despite efforts targeted at reducing littering, litter continues to be a problem. In 2014, some 19,000 tickets were issued by NEA officers for littering offences. This figure was almost double that in 2013. The aim of the study was to find out if decorated and brightly-coloured trash bins would encourage more people to use them. Through a survey of 90 GE pupils, it was found that 54% of the pupils strongly agreed and 32% agreed that more people would bin their rubbish in a brightly-coloured and decorated receptacle than a plain or ordinary appearing receptacle. An observational study conducted during recess time for two months also revealed that 7 more people per day on average used a decorated and colourful bin. The results seemed to suggest that the colour and design of trash bins were factors that could be considered in efforts targeted at reducing littering.

NO. ABSTRACT

77 SOCIAL WELL-BEING OF PUPILS IN SHPS Oral CHEN HUI HSUEN LETITIA

Saint Hilda’s Primary School Teacher-supervisor: Mdm Natila and Ms Kong Leng Chee

According to Keyes (1998), peoples’ relationships with others affect their well-being. The aim of this project was to investigate the quality of social relationships of P4 to 6 pupils in SHPS with their family members, teachers and peers, as well as their level of spirituality. A survey was given out to pupils between the ages of 10 to 12. A total of 400 pupils responded to the survey on the quality of their relationships and their spiritual life. It was found that the P6 pupils reported least favourable relationships with the people around them and was least positive about their spirituality. Interestingly, the P5 students reported most favourable relationships with their siblings, teachers and peers, and were positive about their spirituality. The findings provide useful insights for the school in its effort to improve the social and emotional well-being of pupils at the different levels.

78 THE PREVALENCE OF ELECTRONIC DEVICES DURING MEALTIMES Poster CHOW JEAN YUN

Tao Nan School Teacher-supervisor: Ms Goh Shan Mei Charlene

The aim of this project was to find out how prevalent is the use of electronic devices during mealtimes and the impact of electronic devices on family bonding. Mealtimes are supposed to be times for the family to bond. However, it is more common for parents and children to be seen using their electronic devices during meals. Through conducting observational field studies on 35 randomly selected families in 7 restaurants and fast food outlets, the stigma of using electronic devices during mealtimes no longer applies as parents themselves use them (21%) or allow their children to use them (60%). In particular, 44% of the parents, who had children using electronic devices at restaurants, made few attempts to engage their children by talking to them. However, the 12 families not using electronic devices were observed to be happier and enjoyed their meal and time together. It is recommended that parents disallow their children to use electronic devices during mealtimes so as to allow the family to bond.

NO. ABSTRACT

79 HOW PLAYGROUNDS IN SINGAPORE HAVE CHANGED OVER TIME? Poster CHUA MINGLONG BRYAN

Tao Nan School Teacher-supervisor: Ms Goh Shan Mei Charlene

The aim of the project was to find out how playgrounds have evolved over time; the differences between old and new playgrounds. Play is an important aspect in a child’s life. Are playgrounds built in the past better in developing playing skills in a child than those built in the present? A survey was conducted on 52 upper-primary (P4-P6) pupils and their parents. 67% of parents felt that playgrounds have changed for the better as they are more child-friendly. 32% of pupils, although not having experienced play at playgrounds built in the past, also have similar views as parents. Overall, while 29% of parents believe that today’s playgrounds are more focused on specific goals such as developing climbing skills and improving physical fitness), 36% believe that playgrounds built in the past and present both allow for development of creativity and playing skills.

80 Poster

THE SCHOOL ENVIRONMENT CRITERIA: A STUDY OF P5 GEP PUPILS’ HAPPINESS IN THE CURRENT SCHOOL ENVIRONMENT

HOH ETHAN Tao Nan School Teacher-supervisor: Mrs Fiona Soh

It was observed that some pupils appeared unhappy with the school environment and were frustrated and angry at times. The objective of the project was to find out how P5 GEP pupils’ felt about the current school environment and their main concerns in school. Through conducting a survey of 50 P5 GEP pupils, it appeared that although P5 GEP pupils were happy with the school environment, they were also concerned about their academic progress and maintaining good relationships with their friends. The survey revealed that 20% of the pupils were worried about losing their friends and about 50% were stressed by examinations and grades.

NO. ABSTRACT

81 SPARE THE ROD AND SPOIL THE CHILD Poster HON LEXUAN CHELCIA

Tao Nan School Teacher-supervisor: Mr Syed Iskandar bin Hamzah

The aim of the project was to find out the effectiveness of physical and non-physical punishment meted on children by their parents. The usage of physical punishment has been a highly controversial topic globally. From data collected from a survey of 120 P4 and 5 pupils as well as their parents and also interviews with selected pupils and parents, it seemed that using non-physical punishment was more effective than physical punishment. Only 9% of the parents agreed that using physical punishment was effective. However, physical punishment might lead to children fearing rather than understanding the mistakes made and cause a strain in the parent-child relationship. Conversely, there were positive effects in using non-physical punishment and it did not necessarily result in a spoilt child.

82 DO P5 TAONANITES TAKE CARE OF THEIR EYES WELL? Poster HUANG JINGWEN ELYSE

Tao Nan School Teacher-supervisor: Mrs Ngoh Sze Wei

Myopia is a big issue in Singapore as the number of myopic seven-year-olds has risen from one in eight in 1996 to one in four in 2000. The project aimed to find out some of the causes of myopia and to suggest ways to lower/ stabilise one’s myopia degree. A survey was conducted on 161 P5 TNS pupils, for which 96 pupils gave valid responses. The findings showed that genetics and lifestyle play a role in the cause of myopia. From the survey, those with myopia had a higher percentage of relatives with myopia (76%) compared with those without myopia (32%). The Bates method was also tried on the researcher herself to see its effectiveness in lowering myopia. It is recommended that one should rest his eyes after every 20 minutes of study, spend at least two hours outdoors daily, and go for eye check- ups at least twice a year, regardless whether one is myopic or not.

NO. ABSTRACT

83 Poster

PARENTS’ PERCEPTION ON PRESCHOOL NON-ACADEMIC ACTIVITIES LEE JIA XIN ISABELLE

Tao Nan School Teacher-supervisor: Ms Kee Wan Ling

The aim of the project was to find out the reasons P4 GEP parents sent their children to preschool non-academic activities, e.g. martial arts, and whether they feel that those activities would benefit their children academically. Is sending their child to preschool academic classes the only way to better their child’s academic performance? From responses of 55 parents in a survey, 60% of the parents preferred to send their child to preschool non-academic activities. One of the reasons was that they felt that it was important to develop their child’s interests. Parents also saw positive benefits of these non-academic activities such as the building of character in their child, which would help their child when he/she enters Primary School.

84 Poster

IS SINGAPORE A KIND SOCIETY? LOH CHI WEN

Tao Nan School Teacher-supervisor: Mrs Gurung Lee Chin Min

The aim of this research was to find out whether people in Singapore were kind? Though Singapore is an urban and developed country, there are still many less fortunate people and low-income families in our society. A survey of 97 P5 TNS pupils and observational field studies in public areas such as MRT trains and HDB neighbourhood were conducted. The data collected suggested that the people in Singapore were generally kind to each other but were selective in their acts of kindness – they preferred to do 'easier' kind acts like donating to a street busker and giving up a seat in the MRT train. The harder-to-do acts which require more initiative and efforts, such as offering to help an elderly carry things, are rarely seen and done. In addition, being too shy to offer their help and assuming that their help was not needed were the more common reasons for not doing kind acts.

NO. ABSTRACT

85 Poster

HEALTHY ICE CREAM NG JING JIE ASHER

Tao Nan School Teacher-supervisor: Mrs Fiona Soh

The aim of the project was to write an ice cream recipe that is simple enough for a ten-year-old child to follow. In addition, the cost and sugar content will be lower than those in the supermarket. Some people are allergic to a certain ingredient in a particular ice cream they like and there is no way to remove it. Through conducting experimental trials on the new recipe for the ice cream and interviews with consumers of the product, it is possible for a ten-year-old child to make the ice cream using this recipe without these allergens. Two 10-year-old pupils tried successfully to make their own ice cream using this recipe and they took less than fifteen minutes.

86 GEP PUPILS’ ASPIRATIONS FOR THE FUTURE Poster TOH FAITH HAILEY


The aim of the project was to find out the aspirations of pupils in the Gifted Education Programme (GEP) and whether their aspirations reflect the GEP goals of nurturing pupils with the passion for individual excellence and a willingness to contribute to society. Through a survey of 61 P5 GEP pupils in TNS, 74% of the respondents indicated that they valued passion over money in their career choice. Their most popular career choice were medicine and law. 29% of the respondents indicated that they would follow their passion rather than their parents’ preferences. The respondents were also pragmatic as they had rated ‘earning for their livelihood’, as the second most important factor to consider for their career. 71% of the respondents were willing to give up their time and money to help the needy as their contribution to society.

NO. ABSTRACT

87 Poster

TUITION FOR GEP PUPILS ─ IS IT HELPFUL? YEE JUN WEI KENNETH


The aim of this project was to find out if tuition was helpful for the pupils in the GEP and whether tuition had helped them to do well in their examinations. Tuition has become so common today that Singapore has been dubbed a "Tuition Nation". A survey was conducted with 65 TNS P5 GEP pupils. It was found that 73% of the respondents who enrolled into tuition were coping well with their schoolwork before tuition. The majority of the respondents attributed their parents’ high expectation as the main reason for tuition. 53% of the parents surveyed felt that tuition was necessary because of their children’s poor attitude towards schoolwork. Only 18% of the parent respondents felt that their children had the self- motivation not to rely on tutors in their studies.

88 Oral

THE PRACTICE OF FILIAL PIETY: PUPILS’ KNOWLEDGE HAN MATTHEW

Tao Nan School Teacher-supervisor: Mrs Fiona Soh

Are children these days less and less filial to their parents? The aims of the project were to find out if GEP pupils today are filial and how they define filial piety. Through a survey on GEP pupils, 161 responses out of 167 were received, it seemed that GEP pupils in TNS knew what actions constituted filial piety but did not always practice filial piety. One example was 85% of the pupils agreed that communicating with their parents regularly was being filial but 12% of these pupils did not do so. This showed that GEP pupils still have some room for improvement in this area of putting filial piety into action in the form of obedience, showing respect and expressing care and concern in words and deeds.

NO. ABSTRACT

89 Oral

TNS PUPILS’ SAVING HABITS AND PERCEPTIONS ON SAVING HO ENKI FAITH, LAM CHI THIM TIMOTHY

Tao Nan School Teacher-supervisor: Mrs Gurung Lee Chin Min and Mrs Fiona Soh

TNS pupils were seen spending their daily allowance on fanciful stationery and toys during recess or lunch break. The aim for this research was to understand TNS pupils’ saving habits and their perceptions on saving. Through a survey conducted with P5 TNS pupils, 90% of the respondents indicated that they saved their daily allowance and understood the importance of saving. 93% of them would ‘spend first then save’ whatever was left. For the 9% who did not save, the main reason was their parents would top up their wallets when their allowances had been spent. Many could exercise self-control in their spending, and shared that their parents played a vital role in instilling good saving habits.

90 Oral

WHO IS RESPONSIBLE FOR THE CLEANLINESS OF TNS? WEE ZHUO LIN

Tao Nan School Teacher-supervisor: Mrs Ngoh Sze Wei

Recently, littering triggered many discussions among Singaporeans and some felt that Singaporeans rely too much on cleaners. This project aimed to find out if TNS P5 pupils thought they are responsible for the cleanliness of their school. A survey was administered to 100 pupils of which 66 of them responded to the survey. The survey showed that 83% of the respondents thought they were responsible for the cleanliness of their school and 51% of the respondents supported that this responsibility was best developed in pupils by getting them personally involved in cleaning their school. The observational field study showed that pupils could do more to stop littering. This research recommended that schools assigned pupils to clean the common areas in school regularly. Parents could also inculcate good habit by encouraging their children to clean their own rooms at home.

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NO. ABSTRACT 91 HISTORICAL EDUCATION IN SINGAPORE: RECOMMENDED REVIEW BASED

ON CORRELATION FOUND BETWEEN SYLLABIC CONTENT AND STUDENTS’ HISTORICAL LITERACY

Poster JOEL LEE JI XIANG, SUN ZHI HAN TIMOTHY, THERON THAM TZI TJENN Anglo-Chinese School (Independent) Teacher-supervisor: Ms Huang Jiamin

School-aged children demographically represent the future of Singapore, rendering historical literacy fundamental to nation building, citizenship and state formation. 250 Secondary 3 students in the school were surveyed for their knowledge of 6 key milestones in Singapore’s past. It was found that students, while fundamentally aware of Singaporean history, displayed a lack of knowledge about several crucial junctures in the Singaporean historical narrative. As these narratives were excluded from the syllabi, it is cause for concern. Strong correlation between syllabic content and historical understanding was observed. In this light, the existing History syllabus was reviewed to identify exiguities. A new narrative-based approach with greater emphasis on post-1970 developments is proposed.

92 THE IMPACT AND CAUSES BEHIND RUMOUR SPREAD ON SOCIAL NETWORKING

Poster CHAN TZE YONG, DANIEL, ETHAN TAN JHU-WEI, CAMERON TAN SHI ERN Anglo-Chinese School (Independent) Teacher-supervisors: Ms Yu See Yee

Before the internet, rumours spread through gossip in the classroom. Today the spreading of rumours has branched out to the digital realm. This is commonly observed for modern-day teenagers. The aim of this project was to find out the cause(s) of rumour spreading to offer a holistic overview for the public to better address this problem. This was achieved through an online survey asking 50 secondary school students why they thought rumours spread on social media. The results of the survey showed that bullying was the main cause of rumour spread on social media among teenagers. Counsellors could utilize the result of the study to further enhance sessions with their clients and gain a deeper understanding of their issues.

NO. ABSTRACT 93 INVESTIGATING THE ANTIMICROBIAL EFFECT OF COCONUT OIL

COMPARED TO TRICLOSAN, WHICH IS CONTAINED IN TOOTHPASTE AGAINST THE GROWTH OF E.COLI AND B.SUBTILIS

Poster EZEKIEL CANAAN YI JIE TEO, KEVIN KOK JIA YUAN, KAVEEN KUMAR SURIAKUMARAN Anglo-Chinese School (Independent) Teacher-supervisors: Mdm Ali Basheera Banu

Hormone regulation alterations indicated that triclosan might have adverse effects on the human body (Das et al., 2006). Moreover, coconut oil contained lauric acid that inhibited pathogen development (Emery, 2014). To find an alternative antimicrobial agent to triclosan, this study compared the effectiveness of coconut oil with triclosan in toothpaste against the growth of E.coli and B.subtilis. The well diffusion assay was used with coconut oil and triclosan at concentrations 0.1w/v% to 0.9w/v%. The results showed that at concentrations 0.4-0.6v/w%, triclosan was twice as effective as coconut oil. At concentrations 0.2v/w% and 0.8v/w%, coconut oil is as effective as triclosan against the bacteria. The required proportion of coconut oil to be contained in toothpaste has yet to be determined.

94 INFALLIBLE OR INACCURATE: CRACKING THE SINGAPORE GRACIOUSNESS

INDEX (GI) FROM THE DOMESTIC HELPERS’ PERSPECTIVE Oral DYLAN TAY TZE KIAT, GOH CHENG ARN DAVID, PAN JIA-CHENG JASON

TIMOTHY, TAN KAI BRYAN Anglo-Chinese School (Independent) Teacher-supervisor: Mr Kan Wern Hau Jarett

The Graciousness Index (GI) conducted by the Singapore Kindness Movement recorded an increase from 55 in 2014 to 61 in 2015. Nevertheless, how accurate are these results? This research aimed to investigate the level of graciousness among Singaporeans from the domestic helpers’ perspective. It was hypothesised that domestic helpers might give fairer ratings than Singaporeans as they are less affected by the self-serving bias. By adapting questions taken from the Graciousness Index report and surveying 80 domestic helpers, this research concluded that domestic helpers rated Singaporeans’ graciousness highly with an average score of 8.60 out of 10 in the consideration, courtesy and gratitude norms. The GI result in 2015 had an average score of 6.11 in these norms. This proved that Singaporeans generally treated their domestic helpers graciously and that the lack of kindness among Singaporeans might stem from areas outside the home.

NO. ABSTRACT 95 STUDYING THE EFFECTS OF FLAVONOID AND VANILLIN EXTRACTS ON THE

MITOTIC INDEX OF ALLIUM CEPA ROOT TIPS Oral CHEN JIAWEI, DARREN CHANG HON YAU

Anglo-Chinese School (Independent) Teacher-supervisor: Mr See Teck Hock

This study investigated the potential anti-cell proliferative properties of flavonoid extract (0.4% to 2.0%, m/v) and vanillin extract (0.4% to 2.0%. v/v). The change in mitotic indices of Allium cepa root tip exposed to flavonoid and vanillin extracts for 48 hours was compared with A. cepa roots exposed to water for 48 hours. Results showed both extracts decreased the mitotic indices of A. cepa root tip cells compared to the control of 0.0737: flavonoid- and vanillin-exposed mitotic indices ranged from 0.0255 to 0.0781 and from 0.00879 to 0.0526 respectively. However, the mitotic index for 2.0% cocoa spiked to 0.0952, showing possible proliferative properties at high cocoa concentrations. Though the results show that vanillin has anti-proliferative properties, the raw data was inconsistent.

96 CAUSTIC ENVELOPE Poster TAN ZI HAO, TOH YI SHENG EUSEBIUS, POON ZONG WEI JULIAN

Catholic High School (Secondary) Teacher-supervisor: Mr. Ng Zhi Yong Edwin

This study investigated the best location to position individuals relative to the arrangement of a sound source. Several arrangements of the sound sources were tested by reflecting them off a wall in the shape of a function. The envelope of the reflected waves, and hence the points at which the sound was loud was determined by equating the expression of the reflected waves to zero, then finding the equation of the line which most of the waves intersect. The envelope that is most favourable to a particular situation was identified. The end product of this study was a general case function, where any envelope could be generated based on the shape of the wall.

NO. ABSTRACT 97 EFFECTS OF STARCH CONCENTRATION ON PROPERTIES OF BIOPLASTICS Poster POY MENG SHUEN RYAN, QUEK KAI YANG EUGENE, TAY JUN WEN DEAN

Catholic High School (Secondary) Teacher-supervisor: Mr Lee Joon Kiat The usage of plastics has been steadily increasing over the years. Its non-biodegradable nature poses a serious problem to the environment. Biodegradable plastics (bioplastics) can be made from various forms of starch. This project aimed to determine how the starch concentration can affect the strength and strain of bioplastics. Varying concentrations (5%, 7.5%, 10%, 12.5% and 15%) of tapioca starch with 4% glycerol as the plasticizer and 12.5% acetic acid as the additive were mixed and heated to prepare the bioplastics. Fixed volumes of the heated bioplastics were dried on petri dishes in oven before removing for tests. The experimental results indicated that increasing the starch concentrations led to an increase in the strength of bioplastics but decreased the strain.

98 Poster

DETERMINING THE BEST MATERIAL FOR THE PRODUCTION OF BIOMASS BRIQUETTES LEE YING LONG XAVIER, CHIN CHEN KAI JEFF, JOSHUA TAN PIN RUI Catholic High School (Secondary) Teacher-supervisor: Mrs Valerie Chua

With the overwhelming depletion of Earth’s natural resources in recent years, people are looking into alternative energy. Biomass briquettes, a form of renewable energy created from organic waste is one such alternative. This project aimed to determine which organic waste, newspaper, dried leaves, rough paper and cardboard, could produce biomass briquettes that are most efficient. Biomass briquettes produced from the different organic wastes were burnt. The heat energy released was measured by the rise in the temperature of 100 ml of water. The biomass briquette made from newspaper was found to be most efficient; it increased the temperature by 15oC. This is largely due to its extended burning time of 29 minutes.

NO. ABSTRACT 99 EFFECT OF CITRIC ACID ON DENTAL CORROSION: CITRUS FRUIT DRINKS VS

SOFT DRINKS -- WHICH IS MORE CORROSIVE TO TEETH? Poster NICOLE SIA HUI KAI, JOEY LAM SI JIE, RAGUNATHAN POOJAA

Cedar Girls’ Secondary School Teacher-supervisor: Mrs Margaret Wong

This project aimed to investigate the effect of citric acid on teeth and to determine whether citrus fruit drinks with high citric acid content or soft drinks with low citric acid content are more corrosive to teeth. 5 different drinks - Sunkist Orange, 100 Plus Lime, Fanta Orange, Sprite and Ice Lemon Tea - were tested for their capability to corrode calcium carbonate, with water used as a control. Results showed that citrus fruit drinks such as Sunkist Orange, which have high citric acid content, are more corrosive to teeth than soft drinks such as Sprite and Fanta Orange which have low citric acid content.

100 EFFECT OF TURMERIC ON GROWTH RATE OF FUNGAL AND YEAST CELLS IN SINGAPORE’S AERIAL ENVIRONMENT

Poster JESLYN PEH WEI TING, SHAVONNE CHAN YINGMIN, TAN JHING YEIN Cedar Girls’ Secondary School Teacher-supervisor: Mrs Margaret Wong

This project aimed to find out the optimum concentration of turmeric needed to slow down the rate of yeast and fungal cells in air. Yeast and fungi thrive in the humid conditions of Singapore and can cause health problems but studies have proven that turmeric render these cells to replicate slower (R. A. Sharma, A. J, Gescher, W. P. Steward, 2008). 6 different concentrations of turmeric (0g/cm3 - 0.3g/cm3) were assessed for their effectiveness in reducing cell growth over 14 days on 3M Petrifilm Yeast and Mould Count Plates. The fungus and yeast samples grown on white bread were obtained over 7 days. It was found that the optimum concentration of turmeric was 0.25g/cm3. This was as effective as 0.3g/cm3 in reducing the rate of cell growth.

NO. ABSTRACT 101 GEOGRAPHY FIELD INVESTIGATION AT EAST COAST PARK - "ARE OUR

COASTS WORTH SAVING?" Poster HENG TSU YI, MEGAN, HIO RUI XUAN BLYTHE, ISABEL CHAN JIA YI, NG

JING HAN PRISTINE, RAE PHUA KAI SI CHIJ St Nicholas Girls’ School (Secondary) Teacher-supervisor: Ms Lin Binbin

The aim of the project was to examine the current coastal management strategies at East Coast Park. According to an NParks report in 2006, Singapore has spent billions reclaiming land from the sea. Severe erosion over the past few years has caused parts of the reclaimed shoreline along the East Coast Park to recede. Investigations, secondary data collection and direct observations, were carried out to ascertain and evaluate the various services provided by the coastal environment. The natural and man-made conditions along the coast were analysed for a comprehensive understanding of the dynamic and valuable nature of coastal environments. The existing coastal protection measures were evaluated based on their effectiveness, costs, aesthetic values and influences on the human and physical environment. The final coastal management plan recommended for the beach incorporated the use of geobags, wave-roller and underwater tetrapods. This complemented the existing measure of beach nourishment as a frontline defence of East Coast Park.

102 TO FIND THE MOST EFFECTIVE SHOE SOLE DESIGN IN PREVENTING SLIPS Poster LIM YEAN LYI, LIN JIAWEI, NG XUAN EN CONSTANCE, NG ZIYAN GISELLE

CHIJ St Nicholas Girls’ School (Secondary) Teacher-supervisor: Mrs Ong Ming Eng

This project aimed to determine the most effective shoe sole design for preventing slips. Slips and falls are common occurrences in our daily lives, especially on wet surfaces. However, they can be prevented if consumers know which sole designs to buy. Experiments were conducted with shoes of different sole designs. Each shoe was placed on a dry, horizontal surface with a mass tied to it. The most slip resistant shoe sole design would require the most mass to move the shoe. This experiment was repeated on a wet horizontal surface to determine whether the same results would be obtained. The data collected showed that multiple features contributed to the effectiveness of the sole design in preventing slips - if the channel width of the threads and depth of the sole is wider and deeper, and the sole design has a triangular pattern over a large area of the sole, the shoe would be more slip resistant.

NO. ABSTRACT 103 POLARISATION OF LIGHT BY SUNGLASSES Poster AARON MAI

Dunman High School Teacher-supervisor: Mr Khow Zhi Wei Adrian

Glare from reflective surfaces is undesirable as they cause eye-strain and discomfort. To reduce glare, lens (e.g. polarizers such as sunglasses) are worn but their glare-reduction ability may differ. This project aimed to compare how different lenses, used individually or in combination, polarized light from different surfaces. 3 different lenses were tested for their glare reduction ability on glass and water surfaces. Light intensities detected using a light detector and a Mixer from the two reflected surfaces was compared. It was found that light passing through lens 2 registered the lowest light intensity compared to the other two lenses. Hence, lens 2 was found to have the best glare reduction ability on glass and water surfaces. Based on these findings, companies may consider using the appropriate lens to optimize comfort for their employees (e.g. life guards at swimming pools or window cleaners of skyscrapers).

104 CPAS YOURSELF Poster CHEN JING, HSU YI-NING, ZHU DONG QING, LEAN JIEYING, ONG QING

QING, SHERMIN POH JIERU Dunman High School Teacher-supervisor: Ms Ng Wun Ching Janice

This project aimed to find out the difficulties faced by people with cerebral palsy (CP) within the local context and to conceptualise a VIA project to meet their needs. The study was fuelled by findings indicating an urgent need for Singapore, as her rate of modernization increases, to create a space for the disabled. Ms Dawn Lee, Corporate Executive of Cerebral Palsy Alliance of Singapore (CPAS) was interviewed and 20 persons with CP were surveyed to determine their needs. It was found that persons with CP mainly faced financial difficulties and emotional issues due to public misconceptions regarding the disease. To assist them financially, the group collaborated with CPAS to help with their fundraising initiative entitled “Steptember”.

NO. ABSTRACT 105 EFFECTS OF PROBIOTICS ON BRAIN FUNCTIONS Oral ZHANG TIANYI, DONG YUZHEN

Dunman High School Teacher-supervisor: Mr Lee Wei Keong

Animal studies have found the importance of the gut-brain axis in the bidirectional interactions between the gut micro-biota and visceral perceptions in the brain (Cryan, J. 2011). The study aimed to investigate how probiotics intake patterns affected the anxiety level in adolescents. Year 1 – 6 students, aged between 13 to 18 years, from the school responded to an online survey consisting of a Food Frequency Questionnaire and a State-and-Trait-Anxiety-Inventory (STAI) questionnaire. It was found that the group with high probiotics intake had low trait anxiety score, whereas the score of low probiotics intake group was high. Results suggested probiotic intake, among other factors, could affect a person’s anxiety level and this is worth further study.

106 BUILDING BRIDGES, RESTORING RELATIONS Poster ANDRE LIM BU YUN, MARCUS JOHN LAANG XIAN JIE, SHI STEVEN, TEO KAI

SHENG Hwa Chong Institution Teacher-supervisor: Mrs Sukhdevi Grewal Singh

A report on the ageing population published by the Committee on Ageing issues in 2014 and other literature highlight the widening generation gap and its threat to social cohesion and relationship within the family. This research aimed to bridge the generation gap between adolescents (aged 13 – 16) and the elderly (aged 65 and above) and to foster better relations between them through the use of board games. Secondary research, interviews with adolescents, the elderly and professionals provided information for the design of a handbook with a story was used to introduce youth to board games such as Chinese Chess and Mahjong. These games were chosen as they interest the elderly. The handbook was publicised online and piloted. Results of online surveys and interviewed showed that the resource was easy to use and well-received. Further edits, publicity and study of the effectiveness of the handbook would be necessary.

NO. ABSTRACT 107 IN SEARCH OF REGULARITY AND PRECISION FOR A BAKING TOOL Poster JOHN CHIANG, JEAN YEO ZUOSHENG, AND SHI CHENG

Hwa Chong Institution Teacher-supervisors: Mdm Tham Siang Wah

The aim of the project was to provide a compact cutter which bakers could use to slice and design confectionaries with greater precision. Different prototypes were designed and tested for ease of use, portability and safety. The end result was a multi-functional tool that could be used to cut food that is round and rectangular in shape. With its light weight, children would also be able to use and wash it with ease.

108 A NEW WATERING CAN Oral SEE RUI QIAN XAVIER, JEDRICK GOH JEK REI, SHANE WANG EU-HUEI, AND

SHAUN WANG EU-SYANG Hwa Chong Institution Teacher-supervisor: Mdm Tham Siang Wah

Interviews with home gardeners revealed the need for a watering can that could be used to water and add fertiliser simultaneously. The project aimed to meet this need by designing a dual-purpose watering can. Prototypes of different designs were 3D-printed and tested for ease of use and effectiveness in dispensing fertilizer and water simultaneously. The final product comprised a detachable attachment which could control the flow of fertiliser.

NO. ABSTRACT 109 TIME TRAVEL: GETTING AROUND 2030 Oral RYAN TAN JINN, NATHANAEL CHIA SHIAU JIUN, SHAWN CHENG WEI

XUAN, YAP KANG REN GABRIEL Hwa Chong Institution Teacher-supervisor: Ms Wun Wen Li

The scenario for this Future Problem Solving (FPS) project was based on actual projections of Singapore’s land transport system in 2030. Commuters would have access to high-tech road devices, from self-driving cars to navigational technology akin to supercomputers. After the iterative process of brainstorming, research and evaluation, one fundamental problem and the best solution for it were identified. The proposed solution of embedding an Intelligent Vehicular Maintenance (iVeM) System in every vehicle to improve commuter confidence in the technologies was scripted into a skit. The skit illustrates user response and effectiveness of the solution. The creative problems and solutions, analytical process and research for each problem and solution are documented in the http://2i215192024futuretrends.weebly.com/.

110 EXPRESSION ANALYSIS OF NUDT15 IN INVASIVE DUCTAL CARCINOMA TISSUE AND ITS POTENTIAL USE AS A BIOMARKER FOR CLINICOPATHOLOGICAL PROGNOSIS

Poster EMMA TOH MIN SHUEN, LOW SZE ANN MIKAELA, WU SONG YI ELIZABETH ANNE Methodist Girls’ School (Secondary) Teacher-supervisor: Mrs Lai Mei Kien and Miss Goh Sin-Yen

The aim of the research was to determine the expression pattern and use of NUDT15 gene as a predictor of the likely outcome of a breast cancer condition. The anti-NUDT15 antibody was used to examine the expression pattern of heparan sulfate, a proteoglycan found in the body, in tissue samples consisting of 390 cases of invasive ductal carcinoma, a form of breast cancer. Through immunohistochemistry, a process of detecting the heparan sulfate in the cells, the reaction response of the specimens were examined. Associations were made with clinicopathological factors, such as age, race and histological grade of the tumour. A lower concentration of NUDT15 was associated with breast cancers with more serious tumours which would also spread more rapidly in the body. Therefore, patients are less likely to survive with a lower amount of NUDT15. In conclusion, NUDT15 plays an important role in determining overall prognosis of the patient and could be a biomarker and indicator for breast cancer.

NO. ABSTRACT 111 ARTIST AS ALL-ROUNDER Poster SOON JING HUI

Nanyang Girls’ High School Teacher-supervisor: Miss Xie Shangyi

Art has always followed the ideals of society. In the past, the idea of art seemed to revolve around aesthetics. Artist's creations were based on rigid codes of skill and conduct, such that realist painters painted with specific techniques, expressionistic painters emphasized expression and sculptors sculpted with highly specialised skills suited to their material. However, with the development and progress of both societal norms and artistic revolutions, art has become a platform for humanly connections and self-expression, giving rise to conceptualism. This investigation aim to weigh the importance of concept and technical skill in the contemporary art scene - by examining artistic evolutions in conceptualism and the usage of art forms - so as to help youths shape the artistic future of society.

112 CORN COB HAMSTER BEDDING Poster WONG YING YEE, PAN JIA QI, AND WONG ZI YI

Nanyang Girls’ High School Teacher-supervisor: Miss Cheong Shi Ya Sheena

The aim of the project was to create an environmental-friendly hamster bedding that has no harmful chemicals. Corn cob, generally disposed as waste, was selected for its high water-absorbency quality. Experiments were conducted to investigate the water absorbency of different parts of corn cob, treated under different conditions and with different additives. Experimental results showed that (a) uncooked, naturally-dried corn cob pith has the highest water absorbency; (b) cardboard was an effective binding agent; and (c) activated charcoal was removed odour effectively. The end product was hamster bedding in pellet form, consisting of uncooked naturally-dried corn cob pith, cardboard and activated charcoal.

NO. ABSTRACT 113 PAINting Poster XU BEILIN

Nanyang Girls’ High School Teacher-supervisor: Miss Xie Shangyi

Through examining the history of painting as a medium and how technology has threatened its purpose, this project explored the evolution of painting from traditional to digital. Through the rise of artists such as Jeff Wall (photographer), Alice X. Zhang (designer, illustrator, portrait artist), and David Hockney (painter, photographer), it is evident for modern artists that painting is in fact not dead, but evolving. A digital album that charts the evolution of painting, from the age of the caveman to the 21st century, will be presented.

114 EGGVIRONMENTALLY FRIENDLY GLASS Poster MAK WEN HUI CLAIRE, TAN ZI CHYNG ELIZABETH, WONG YONG TONG

Nanyang Girls’ High School Teacher-supervisors: Mrs Lai Swee Choo and Dr Christopher John Slatter

The aim of this project was to explore the feasibility of using calcium carbonate from chicken eggshells, a major food waste, for glass production. The mining of calcium carbonate from limestone leads to negative impacts on the environment such as polluting water resources. Hence the search for an alternative source which was environmentally friendly was crucial. Qualitative analysis and quantitative analysis conducted on powdered chicken eggshells confirmed the presence of calcium carbonate and 88.6% purity of calcium carbonate in the chicken eggshells respectively. For chicken eggshells to be a feasible alternative, further investigations on how to increase the percentage purity of calcium carbonate as well as heating of the calcium carbonate from chicken eggshells together with boric acid and silicon dioxide in a kiln would be necessary.

NO. ABSTRACT 115 本土的艺术教育，在多大程度上有助于培养学生的创意和灵感

THE EFFECT OF ART EDUCATION ON INSPIRING AND NURTURING CREATIVITY

Oral KOH FANG YUN, TAN CHOR LENG CLAUDINE, AND ZHANG JUN YUE Nanyang Girls’ High School Teacher-supervisor: Mdm Yeo Buay Kee

虽然我国的艺术教育十分普及，但有人却批评新加坡人没创意。有鉴

于此，本文尝试初步探讨艺术教育如何影响新加坡学生的创意灵感。

为了评估新加坡艺术教育的有效性，尤其学内艺术教育，本文通过调

查问卷和学生访问探讨现有艺术教育体系的利弊及对学生创意灵感的

影响。同时，本文也收集了学生对本土艺术教育的看法及期望。结论

是：学校艺术教育的确可以提高学生的创意水平，不过多数学生时间

投入不足，创意水平不能有效提升。创意灵感关键在于成长环境

Although art education in Singapore is very popular, Singaporeans have

been criticized as lacking in creativity. This project aimed to explore how arts education affects the creativity of students. Surveys and interviews were conducted to assess the effect of prior arts education on students’ creativity. Student’s views towards local arts education and their expectations were also sought. It was found that arts education could improve the level of students’ creativity; however, this effect is limited due to insufficient time dedicated to the subject. Creativity thus depends on the environment that students grow up in.

NO. ABSTRACT 116 我国青少年对本地审查制度的理解及看法

TEENAGERS’ PERCEPTION OF CENSORSHIP OF SOCIAL MEDIA Oral WU FAN, ANGIE TAN, TAN PEI HAN, AND WENG XUEQI

Nanyang Girls’ High School Teacher-supervisor: Mdm Yeo Peck Hong

随着社交网络的崛起，越来越多青少年开始使用社交网络。为了保护

人民，新加坡政府制定了一套十分严厉的网络审查制度以谨防会危及

社会稳定和群众安全的内容，因而引发了许多关于新加坡网络审查制

度的争议。

本论文所调查的是新加坡社交网络的开放度与青年人对网络审查制度

的认知与了解。我们通过多种渠道集合资料，并进行分析，了解青年

人对网络审查制度的理解程度以及背后原因与网络开放度的关系。我

们的结论是：新加坡的青少年并不了解我国的审查制度。

With the rise of social networking in Singapore, more teenagers are on

social networks. The Singapore government has created a strict censorship regime to protect against content that endangers the safety of the people. This has led to some controversy. This project investigated the openness of social networks and the understanding young people have about censorship restrictions. Information collected through various means was analysed to obtain an understanding of teenagers’ awareness of censorship, as well as the reasons behind it. It was found that teenagers in Singapore do not understand Singapore’s censorship.

NO. ABSTRACT 117 OPTIMISING THE VOLTAGE OUTPUT OF MICROBIAL FUEL CELL Poster CHUA JIE XIN, GERMAINE, LU HUI

National Junior College Teacher-supervisor: Mr Goh Yinglun Allan

Microbial Fuel Cells (MFCs) are devices that use microorganisms to generate electricity. When microorganisms respire, they break down organic waste, e.g. food, to release electricity. In this study, the optimal environment of the MFC to maximize the voltage output was investigated. The MFC was set up to measure the voltage output with different pH and types of microorganisms. A peak voltage of 0.85V was achieved with pH 7 and yeast as the microorganism.

118 BUBBLE BEHAVIOUR，LIGHT INTENSITY, SPECTRUM OF LIGHT OF SINGLE BUBBLE SONOLUMINESCENCE IN GLYCERIN

Poster WIN THU AUNG, GUO ZITING National Junior College Teacher-supervisor: Ms Ho San San

Sonoluminescence is a phenomenon when intense sound excites liquid, creating tiny bubbles that emit light upon collapsing. This project aimed to replicate this phenomenon and to experiment with different concentrations of sodium chloride in glycerin, a medium used to increase the stability of the bubble. Bubble behaviour was recorded on video and the spectrum of light emitted at different frequencies was analysed using the red green blue graph from Adobe Photoshop. A predominantly blue light was observed in different concentrations of glycerin. Further studies could be conducted with (a) other mediums to stabilise the bubble and (b) light spectrum analysis using a spectrophotometer.

NO. ABSTRACT 119 INVESTIGATING THE USE OF BENTONITE CLAY AND ACTIVATED CARBON

AS TREATMENT FOR POLLUTED MANGROVES Poster SEET YONG SHENG CLIVE, TAN EN EE GRACE, MUHAMMAD KHAIZURAN

BIN MOHAMAD ROSLE NUS High School for Mathematics and Science Teacher-supervisors: Ms Madeline Lim Zhaoyan, Mr Lee Kim Hun, Ms Grace Teo Yeo Mei

This study aimed to determine how bentonite clay compares with activated carbon in terms of time required and effectiveness in purifying water contaminated water. The effects of the two materials, bentonite clay and activated carbon, on water from a canal near our school were investigated under stipulated conditions of pH and turbidity, after which the results were analysed for bacterial and fungal growth. Bentonite clay was able to reduce the turbidity by 80-85%. The positive control, activated carbon, reduced the turbidity by 76-78%. However, bentonite clay required at least 45 minutes more to purify the water. This could be due to the lower porosity of clay particles, a characteristic which could be beneficial for large-scale filtration of water bodies, such as the 2005 petrochemical spill in Songhua River in China. The purified water was within the acceptable range for drinkable water according to the WHO, in turbidity as well as pH levels. This demonstrated that bentonite clay could be substituted for activated carbon to filter water.

120 OPTIMISING CONCENTRATION OF PHOSPHATE AND NITRATE IN WATER

FOR ALGAE PRODUCTION Poster SURABHI RIYA VIG, CHIA SONG YIN CHARIS, BETTY LAM JIA WEN

NUS High School for Mathematics and Science Teacher-supervisor: Ms Woo Yok Lin

This project aimed to find out the best concentration of nitrate and phosphate for algae to grow at the highest rate so as to reduce costs and to make it a more economical source of food and biofuel. Producing micro-algae oil or biomass is highly expensive due to factors such as land costs, expensive bioreactors and costs involved in cultivation and harvesting. Meanwhile, phosphate and nitrate have been shown to result in the most substantial increase in growth of algae (Chu, 1942). The algae was grown in different concentrations of nitrate and phosphate for a duration of one week. The difference in mass at the start of the experiment and at the end of the experiment was highest for 3g of nitrate. Hence it is recommended that algae be grown at these concentrations.

NO. ABSTRACT 121 USE OF E. COLI TO CHELATE FERRIC IONS IN POLLUTED GROUNDWATER. Poster TAN YONG YI, MAHESHBABU PRANESH, ZHAO TONGZHUO


Studies show that E. coli, secrete siderophores, molecules with high affinity to ferric ions (Messenger and Barclay, 1983). This research aimed to determine if Escherichia coli bacteria could remove a substantial amount of ferric ions from water, and if more ions would be removed given time for acclimatisation. Data was collected by introducing E. coli to a high ferric ion concentration environment, then weighing the ferric hydroxide salt precipitated to measure the final concentration of ferric ions. It was found that E. coli could effectively remove an average of 0.849 Fe3+ / g L-1 of ferric ions, and the effectiveness increased when time duration was increased from 24 hours to 25 hours was provided for acclimatisation.

122 HOME-MADE PESTICIDE Oral LI WEIXI, HU YINGHE


The aim of the project was to find out which materials readily available in a home could be used to make a pesticide that is cost effective, convenient, less harmful, and more environmentally friendly. Boric acid, a common chemical found in pesticide, causes sore throat and shortage of breath (Murray, 1995). Replacing boric acid with safer chemicals found in homes would benefit many households. Pesticides made with lemon juice, tomato juice, salt, baking soda, vinegar, onion, chili powder, garlic and radish juice were tested on 2 crickets each. It was found that a suspension of chilli powder, which may contain onion and garlic as part of its manufacturing process, was the most effective pesticide.

NO. ABSTRACT 123 SKYGLOW MAPPING OF SINGAPORE Oral SIDHARTH CHAMBOCHERI VEETIL, BENJAMIN CHIA YIT LOONG, LIM TSE

XIONG BRENDAN NUS High School for Mathematics and Science Teacher-supervisor: Mr Yuen Xiang Hao

Skyglow is the illumination of the sky, primarily due to artificial light scattered as light pollution. In urban areas like Singapore, it is problematic for astronomers as it interferes with the collection of data (common knowledge). This project aimed to construct a skyglow map of Singapore. Astrophotographs acquired by the authors and via crowdsourcing were analysed with Adobe Photoshop. Quantitative skyglow data was extracted and compiled into a map. Possible extensions to this project include spectral analysis of secondary airglow in the photos to determine the chemical composition of the air around the island.

124 IS IT ETHICALLY RIGHT TO KILL ANIMALS? Poster CHOW YI WAI, CHOW YI YIN, GUO BOHUI

Raffles Girls’ School (Secondary) Teacher-supervisor: Mr. Ho You De Alwin

The aim of the project was to explore the ethicality of animal killing. The project was prompted by the observation of the lack of substantiation by animal rights organisations such as Save the Animals Foundation and Cruelty Free International when they petition for the protection of animal rights. A review of the literature and the evaluation of arguments given by Consequentialist, Deontologist, and Care Ethicist philosophers suggested that a biological difference, mainly the ability to have moral sense, between humans and animals is a criterion for qualifying as a moral agent. The outcome of this research is an argument for the position that while it is ethically acceptable to kill animals as they do not qualify as moral agents, they should not be unreasonably harmed.

NO. ABSTRACT 125 THE EFFECTS OF INDIAN AYURVEDIC HERBS AND TRADITIONAL CHINESE

HERBS ON THE DIGESTION OF SOLUBLE MILK PROTEIN BY PEPSIN Oral PUNNIYAKOTTY BUVANI, KULASEKARAN AJITHA, MUTHUKRISHNAN

VAISHNAVI Raffles Girls’ School (Secondary) Teacher-supervisor: Mr. Chan Sau Siong

The experiment aimed to find out which herb, Gallus gallus, Crataegus pinnatifida (China), Elettaria cardamom or Cuminum cyminum (Ayurvedic), most effectively enhances the activity of pepsin. An in-vitro enzymatic analysis was carried out to measure the effectiveness of these herbs in enhancing pepsin’s enzymatic activity in breaking down milk proteins. The rate of protein digestion was determined by the rate of disappearance of soluble protein in milk in the presence of the herbal extracts. The concentration of soluble protein was measured by Biorad standard assay. Elettaria cardamomum was found to be most effective in enhancing pepsin’s enzymatic activity. It was also found that crushing the herbs and increasing the mass of the herbs resulted in a greater rate of pepsin’s enzyme activity.

126 SINGAPORE – A 'COOL' CITY Oral GILLIAN CHEONG YUYAN, MAK SU-WEN ANNE, RACHYL TAN SYN YEE

Raffles Girls’ School (Secondary) Teacher-supervisor: Ms Foo Ling Ling

This project aimed to find out what makes a city ‘cool’. In an article that detailed Singapore’s transformation, the author dubbed Singapore as a capital of ‘cool’ (Telegraph, February 7, 2011). Through secondary research, a public survey, and an email interview with an architectural firm, a definition for ‘coolness’ of a city was developed. Findings showed that ‘coolness’ is spatially and temporally specific, based on social constructs and individual perception. A rubric based on 3 main aspects of ‘cool’ – architecture, events and nightlife – was formulated and used to assess how these aspects contributed to a city’s ‘coolness’. This rubric was used to evaluate the ‘coolness’ of sites in Singapore.

NO. ABSTRACT 127 3 CASE STUDIES OF MR SUBHAS ANANDAN, IN CORRESPONDENCE TO HIS

CHARACTER, AND THE LASTING IMPACT HE LEFT BEHIND IN SINGAPORE Oral KARTHISANKAR PRAVEIN KUMAAR, IRWIN TEO JIN KAI, KANG YU CHEN,

KOH JIAO HAO, LEE RUI QUAN JEREMY Raffles Institution Teacher-supervisor: Mr. Jai Singh

Mr. Subhas Anandan was a criminal lawyer who often took up cases shunned by other lawyers. Some of these cases were highlighted in the Straits Times in January this year after his demise. This project aimed to uncover the character traits and values which motivated him to do so. Through a survey and two interviews conducted with his close associates, data was obtained about his character traits and values. The findings revealed that certain unique character traits motivated him to fight for justice even for those whose guilt was apparent. He firmly believed that every criminal deserved a hearing, and that it was a lawyer’s job to defend his client and not to prejudge him.

128 OF WHAT SIGNIFICANCE IS THE SPIRIT OF KAMPUNG TO MODERN

SINGAPORE? Oral CHENG WENTUO, BENJAMIN CHEK, BHARATH ANANTHAM, CHAN YEN

CHIOK ZACHARY, CHUA KAH HAU LUKE Raffles Institution Teacher-supervisor: Dr. Iluyomade Raphael Funwa

The fundamental lifestyle in the kampung was often described as one founded of mutual trust among neighbours. However, recent studies have shown an increase in the number of disputes among Singaporeans (Community Mediation Centre, 2014; Yong & Kok, 2015). This study aimed to answer the question: of what significance is the Kampung Spirit to modern Singapore? 20 adult Singaporeans (aged 60 – 90) were randomly selected and surveyed for their understanding of the Kampong Spirit and their perception of its relevance to modern Singapore. Additionally, the landlord of Kampung Lorong Buangkok, experts from Singapore Kindness Movement and Ministry of Culture, Community and Youth were interviewed. The adults polled generally suggested that the promotion of the Kampung Spirit is significant for Singapore’s productivity and progress. Views expressed by the experts interviewed highlighted the Kampung Spirit as a potential force that could propel Singaporeans and Singapore forward as a united nation.

NO. ABSTRACT 129 HIGH INTENSITY INTERVAL TRAINING (HIIT) VS. HIGH INTENSITY

STRENGTH TRAINING (HIST): WHICH IS BETTER AT ADIPOSE FAT BURNING AND TYPE II FAST-TWITCH (SKELETAL) MUSCLE BUILDING?

Poster VIGNESH SANKAR IYER St Joseph’s Institution Teacher-supervisor: Mr Eric Gwee Chee Wee and Mdm Chang Hiang Hoon, Josephine

This study assessed the effect of High Intensity Interval Training (HIIT) and High Intensity Strength Training (HIST) on loss of fat content in adipocytes (adipose fat layer tissue cells) and increase in type-II fast-twitch skeletal muscles. 1 male subject went through 3 4-week phases; HIIT, whereby he sprinted 8 intervals in 20-10-20 format; HIST, whereby he took part in concentric and eccentric exercises (High-bar squats, Inverted barbell rows, Bench presses, Romanian Deadlifts) in 5×8 or 3×8 format; and, control phase, whereby no exercises were done. During the 3 phases, the subject stuck to a strict zero grain diet, focused on vegetables and fruits, whey protein and protein from egg and milk sources, and mono- and poly-unsaturated fats. Overall, HIST managed to burn more adipose fat (20%) and build more skeletal muscle (1.7%) as compared to HIIT (fat burn being 14%, muscle mass building being 9%). This study confirmed that HIST was indeed a better and quicker form of losing fat and gaining muscle in teens.

130 WHAT MAKES COKE FIZZ AND HOW TO MAKE IT FIZZ EVEN MORE? Poster JOSHUA DREWE OH ZHENCONG

St Joseph’s Institution Teacher-supervisor: Mrs Michelle Ang Yi Mei and Mdm Chang Hiang Hoon, Josephine

This research aimed to find out why Coke fizzes and how to get it to fizz even more to increase the level of satisfaction for consumers. A literature review was conducted to find out the science behind why carbonated drinks fizz and to inform the design of experiments. Various substances and conditions including temperature and aspartame were investigated to compare their effect on the fizzing in Coke. It was found that reducing the temperature in Coke and adding substances such as aspartame increased the amount of fizz in Coke. This could be due to an increase in carbon dioxide dissolved at lower temperature and the reduced surface tension with the addition of aspartame.

AACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

The Gifted Education Branch, Ministry of Education would like to express its thanks and appreciation to the following schools

for their participation and support:

Anglo-Chinese School (Primary) Catholic High School (Primary)

Henry Park Primary School Nan Hua Primary School Nanyang Primary School

Raffles Girls’ Primary School Rosyth School

Saint Hilda’s Primary School Tao Nan School

Anglo-Chinese School (Independent) Catholic High School (Secondary)

Cedar Girls Secondary School CHIJ St Nicholas Girls’ School (Secondary)

Dunman High School Hwa Chong Institution (High School) Methodist Girls’ School (Secondary)

Nanyang Girls’ High School National Junior College

National University of Singapore High School of Mathematics and Science Raffles Girls’ School (Secondary) Raffles Institution (Secondary)

St Joseph’s Institution

ORGANISED BY:

Gifted Education Branch, Ministry of Education

IRS COMMITTEE 2015:

Mr Gerald Wong Ms Edlyn Lee

Mr Kenneth Liu Mrs Valerie Tan Ms Tan Hui Zhen

Ms Phuan Siew Khoon

3rd November 2015 Republic Polytechnic - moe.gov.sg · FOREWORD The 2015 Individualised Research...

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