PowerPoint Presentation

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History Of 3D Printing

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The Creator/ Inventor- Charles HullCharles Hull next to one of his latest 3D printers, the SLA7000.

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The first published account of a printed solid model was made by Hideo Kodama of Nagoya municipal industrial research institute in 1982. The first working 3D printer was created in 1984 by Charles W. Hull of 3D systems corp. Hull published a number of patents on the concept of 3D printing, many of which are used in todays additive manufacturing processes.

Of course, 3d printing in the early days was very expensive and not feasible for the general market. As we moved into the 21st century, however, costs drastically dropped, allowing 3D printers to find their way to a more affordable market.

The cost of 3d printers has even decreased in the years from 2010 to 2013, with machines generally ranging in price from $20,000 just three years ago, to less than $1,000 in the current market. Some printers are even being developed for under $500, making the technology increasingly available to the average consumer.4

3D Printing- What is it..?

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A.K.A Rapid Prototyping . It is not a new idea. Some of the early patents now expiring.

A process of making a three-dimensional solid object of virtually any shape from a digital model.

It is an additive process, or a sequential layering process, where successive layers of material are laid down in different shapes.

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The term 3D printing was coined at MIT in 1995.

Graduate students Jim Bredt and Tim Anderson hacked an inkjet printer to print a binding solution onto a bed of powder, rather than ink onto paper.

3D printingorAdditive manufacturingis a process of making athree-dimensionalsolid object of virtually any shape from adigital model. 3D printing is achieved using anadditive process, where successive layers of material are laid down in different shapes.

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The process uses a virtual blueprint generated by computer aided design (CAD) or animation modelling software.

By "slicing the blueprint into digital cross-sections, the printer deposits the manufacturing material (liquid, powder, or sheet material) gradually building up layers, until complete.

An ORDbot Quantum 3D printer8

Prototyping Technologies

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STEREOLITHOGRAPHYStereolithography is a process for creating three-dimensional objects using a computer-controlled laser to build the required structure, layer by layer. It does this by using a resin known as liquid photopolymer that hardens when in contact with the air.

CAD (Computer Assisted Design) Programs help users create STL Files for the 3D Printers to read.

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STEREOLITHOGRAPHY (cont.)

STL (STereoLithography) file format a file format which uses many little triangles to make a 3 dimensional plot of the objects intended surface.

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STEREOLITHOGRAPHY Working

Stereolithography is an additive manufacturing process which employs a vat of liquid ultravioletcurablephotopolymer"resin" and an ultravioletlaserto build parts' layers one at a time. For each layer, the laser beam traces a cross-section of the part pattern on the surface of the liquid resin. Exposure to the ultraviolet laser light cures and solidifies the pattern traced on the resin and joins it to the layer below.

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STEREOLITHOGRAPHY Working (cont.)After the pattern has been traced, the SLA's elevator platform descends by a distance equal to the thickness of a single layer, typically 0.05mm to 0.15mm (0.002" to 0.006"). Then, a resin-filled blade sweeps across the cross section of the part, re-coating it with fresh material. On this new liquid surface, the subsequent layer pattern is traced, joining the previous layer. A complete3-Dpart is formed by this process. After being built, parts are immersed in a chemical bath in order to be cleaned of excess resin and are subsequently cured in an ultraviolet oven.

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STEREOLITHOGRAPHY Process

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Selective Laser Sintering (SLS)Selective laser sintering (SLS) is an additive manufacturing technique that uses a high power laser (for example, a carbon dioxide laser) to fuse small particles of plastic, metal (direct metal laser sintering),ceramic or glass powders into a mass that has a desired 3-dimensional shape

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Selective Laser Sintering (SLS)The laser selectively fuses powdered material by scanning cross-sections generated from a 3-D digital description of the part (for example from aCADfile or scan data) on the surface of a powder bed. After each cross-section is scanned, the powder bed is lowered by one layer thickness, a new layer of material is applied on top, and the process is repeated until the part is completed.16

Selective Laser Sintering (SLS)Because finished part density depends on peak laser power, rather than laser duration, a SLS machine typically uses apulsed laser. The SLS machine preheats the bulk powder material in the powder bed somewhat below its melting point, to make it easier for the laser to raise the temperature of the selected regions the rest of the way to the melting point.17

Selective Laser Sintering WorkingA laser, which is controlled by a computer that tells it what object to "print," pulses down on the platform, tracing a cross-section of the object onto the powder.

The laser heats the powder either to just below its boiling point (sintering) or above its boiling point (melting), which fuses the particles in the powder together into a solid form.

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Selective Laser Sintering WorkingOnce the initial layer is formed, the platform of the SLS machine drops usually by less than 0.1mm exposing a new layer of powder for the laser to trace and fuse together. This process continues again and again until the entire object has been printed.

When the object is fully formed, it is left to cool in the machine before being removed.

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Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM)Fused deposition modeling (FDM) is an additive manufacturing technology commonly used for modeling, prototyping, and production applications

FDM works on an "additive" principle by laying down material in layers. A plastic filament or metal wire is unwound from a coil and supplies material to an extrusion nozzle. 20

Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM)The nozzle is heated to melt the material and can be moved horizontally and vertically. The part, or model, is produced by extruding mall beads of thermoplastic material to form layers and the material hardens immediately after extrusion from the nozzle

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Applications of 3D Printing

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3D bio-printing Thistechnology has been studied bybiotechnologyfirms and academia for possible use in tissue engineering applications in which organs and body parts are built using inkjet techniques. In this process, layers of living cells are deposited onto a gel medium or sugar matrix and slowly built up to form three-dimensional structures including vascular systems.

Clothing - 3D printing has spread into the world of clothing with fashion designers experimenting with 3D-printed bikinis, shoes, and dresses.In commercial production Nike is using 3D printing to prototype and manufacture the 2012 Vapor Laser Talon football shoe for players of American football, and New Balance is 3D manufacturing custom-fit shoes for athletes.23

Success Stories

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Ubree- The 3D Printed Car

Urbee, First Prototype Car to Have Entire Body Created with an Additive Process.

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NASAs Test of Largest 3D Printing Rocket Engine Component a Success

The largest 3Dprinted rocket engine component NASA ever has tested blazed to life August 22 during an engine firing that generated a record 20,000 lb of thrust.26

Print the Legend

Print the Legend tells the story of the biggest, little companies in 3D Printing.

This year at SXSW, the producers ofThe King of Konghave premieredPrint the Legend, a documentary focused on the rapidly expanding world of additive manufacturing and 3D printing.

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The worlds first 3D printed Snowboard- By Signal SnowboardsThe Signal Snowboards factory crew, led by Founder Dave Lee print out a brand new snowboard! Using new 3D printer technology, input a basic CAD drawing along with a carbon-based powder into a state of the art Connex 500 printer.

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Conclusion

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3D printing is an expanding technology which may soon start an industry in which everyone has the possibility of being a manufacturer.

3D printing has a lot of possible benefits to society, although the products created must be regulated.

Instantly printing parts and entire products, anywhere in the world, is a game changer. But it doesnt stop there. 3D printing will affect almost every aspect of industry and our personal lives.

From fast, affordable concept modeling to detailed, super-realistic functional prototyping, through certification testing and into agile, low-risk production, 3D Printing materials help designers and engineers succeed at every stage.30

This is a disruptive technology of mammoth proportions, with effects on energy use, waste, customization, product availability, art, medicine, construction, the sciences, and of course manufacturing. It will change the world as we know it. Before you know it.-By Mark Fleming31

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