3D FABRIC AND IT’S APPLICATION IN

CLOTHING

Submitted to

Dr. B.K. BEHERA

Submitted by

ASHUTOSH SHUKLA (2013TTE2757)

CONTENT

• INTRODUCTION • CLASSIFICATIONS OF 3D FABRICS • 3 DIMENSIONAL WEAVING PROCESS • APPLICATIONS OF 3D FABRICS• APPLICATION IN CLOTHING • REFERENCES

INTRODUCTION

• The 3D weaving technology is used for the production of only specially industrial fabrics. Keeping high level of security in mind for protective clothing, 3D fabric play important role.

07:35 PM

A single-fabric system, the constituent yarns of which are supposedly disposed in a three mutually perpendicular plane relationship

3-D Woven Construction

X

Y

Z

DRAWBACKS OF 2D CONSTRUCTION

• Anisotropic

• Poor in-plane shear resistance

• Less modulus than the fiber material due to presence of crimp

07:35 PM

3D STRUCTUREYarns are arranged perpendicular to each other in X, Y and Z directions No interlacing or crimp exists between yarn

Thickness can be increased

High Fibre Volume Fraction

CLASSIFICATION OF 3D STRUCTURES I) Based on type of 3D

Structures 3D Solid:

3D Hollow:Flat surfaceUneven surface

3D Shell:By weave

combinationBy differential

take-upBy moulding

3D Nodal

II) Based on type of mechanism

3D Woven 3D Knitted 3D Nonwoven 3D Jacquard

design Braided

structureIII) Based on type of weaving process

2D weaving – 3D fabrics

3D weaving – 3D fabrics

NOOBING

OrthogonalWarp InterlockAngle Interlock

07:35 PM

3D Solid structure

Orthogonal

It is characterized by straight yarns in warp, weft and thickness directions

This structure can provide a greater volume fraction than Warp interlock structures

3D SOLID STRUCTURE

It is a multilayer fabric

Used for flat panel reinforcement

Normally woven on a shuttle loom

Warp Interlock

3D SOLID STRUCTURE

Structures are distinguished by the

individual layers

Each layer may be of different weave

Stitching of layers

Structure ranges from 2 to 4 layers

Angle Interlock

3D HOLLOW STRUCTUREa) Flat surface-where three or more layers of fabric are used, the layer of fabric connecting the top and bottom layers will be woven with longer length than the top and bottom layers.

b) Uneven surface-adjacent layers of fabrics are combined and separated at arranged intervals.

3D SHELL STRUCTURE

a) By weave combination b) By differential take-up c) By moulding

BY WEAVE COMBINATIONConcentric rings were planned and gradient change of weaves was employed in the areas between two adjacent rings

BY DIFFERENTIAL TAKE-UP

The conventional one-piece take-up roller was replaced by one made up by many discs that are electronically controlled to perform individual take-up movement

BY MOULDING

Due to the extensibility of yarns and fabrics and the allowance of shear, most flat woven fabrics can be molded into doubly curved surfaces to some extent.

3D NODAL STRUCTUREA 3D nodal fabric refers to a fabric that facilitates a network formed by different tubular or solid members joining together

Dimensional stability

Conformability

Mold ability

Withstand multi-directional

mechanical stress

Characteristics Advantage of 3D fabric

All these characteristics are essential for composite manufacturing

APPLICATIONS OF 3D FABRICS

• Automotive engineering • Aeronautics• Construction• Medical material• Transport applications• Protective clothing• Ballistic and various industrial uses

APPLICATIONS OF 3D FABRICS IN PROTECTIVE CLOTHING

Protective clothing is the applications, where a high level of protection is expected from the lightest possible components and 3D fabric is one of the best option for this because it have some characteristic like-• Thick in dimensions• Damage tolerance and impact resistance • Flexural• Tensile and compressive stiffness • strength

PROTECTIVE CLOTHING

Body armoursBallistic ProtectionCut resistance fabricBullet proof shoes

TERRY FABRICS

VELVET FABRICS FOR UPHOLSTERY• Velvet fabrics are a class of pile fabrics which are divided into two as warp pile fabrics

and weft pile fabrics known as velveteen according to the pile direction

BULLET PROOF CLOTHING

WOMEN BODY ARMOUR VEST

HELMET MANUFACTURING

CUT AND STAB RESISTANCE CLOTHING

REFRENCES

• Multiaxis Three Dimensional (3D) Woven Fabric Kadir Bilisik Erciyes University Department of Textile Engineering, Turkey

• 3D Woven Fabrics Pelin Gurkan Unal Namk Kemal University Department of Textile Engineering Turkey

• https://www.google.co.in/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&docid=iz5Fz0O0GYmVzM&tbnid=Ju-MXBx00qJlZM:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Ffuture%2Fstory%2F20130115-woodpecker-inspires-bike-helmet&ei=vapBU7XhF8f5rAe98IDoCw&bvm=bv.64367178,d.bmk&psig=AFQjCNG4mMxLo1_58nGPZibCOH6xh1ir_g&ust=1396898840934411

• Professor Dava J. Newman, Ph.D., Professor Jeff Hoffman, Kristen Bethke*, Joaquin Blaya, Christopher Carr, and Bradley Pitts, MIT Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, MIDÉ Technologies, TAI, 6 November 2003

• 3D Woven Fabrics, Pelin Gurkan Unal, Namk Kemal University Department of Textile Engineering Turkey

• US4923741 patent.