3302 Chapter 2 Fall 2009
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3302 Chapter 2 study guide 1. What is soci al loaf ing? 2. How di d Ri ngel ma n obs er ve i t? 3. Wha t the ory did La tne c rea te to ex pla in it ? 4. How may social l oafing an d diffusion of responsibility be ove rcome in t he workpl ace (Williams, Harkins & Latne)? 5. Does perf ormi ng in groups al ways pro duce less i ndivid ual effor t than perf ormin g alone (not in text)? 6. Peir ce’s 4 way s of fixi ng bel iefs about the world: . 7. Descri be the adva ntages an d disadva ntages o f scie ntifi c method ve rsus th e 3 non- scientific ways.. 8. What is mea nt that sci ence is ‘empiric al’, sel f-corr ectin g’, that ‘sc ience dat a can be public and repeatedly obtained’? 9. How does t he latt er make sci ence dif ferent f rom mag ic (not i n text, I wi ll ela borate )? What makes experimental psychology ‘scientific’? 10. Compare inductive and deductive reasoning in science. 11. What is the circular feedback loop induction, deduction, data and theory in sci ence? 12 Explain Popper’s falsif iability view, good theories must produce tests that not only confirm the theory but tests that could ______ a theory.. Compare aspects of Freud’s unfalsifiable personalilty theory with Einstien’s falsifiable general theory of relativity (not in text, I will elaborate). 13. What kind of experiment can lead to a ‘strong inference’? What i s a critical experiment (not in text, I will elaborate)? 14. Theories are not tested direct ly. What function do theori es play (see Figure)? Hypothesis produced by theories are what is tested. What is an hypothesis, what is a generalization and what is the relation between them? 15. What i s an intervening variabl e? How ar e they useful?
Transcript of 3302 Chapter 2 Fall 2009
3302 Chapter 2 study guide
1. What is social loafing?
2. How did Ringelman observe it?
3. What theory did Latne create to explain it?
4. How may social loafing and diffusion of responsibility be overcome in the workplace
(Williams, Harkins & Latne)?
5. Does performing in groups always produce less individual effort than performing alone
(not in text)?
6. Peirce’s 4 ways of fixing beliefs about the world:.
7. Describe the advantages and disadvantages of scientific method versus the 3 non-scientific ways..
8. What is meant that science is ‘empirical’, self-correcting’, that ‘science data can be
public and repeatedly obtained’?
9. How does the latter make science different from magic (not in text, I will elaborate)?
What makes experimental psychology ‘scientific’?
10. Compare inductive and deductive reasoning in science.
11. What is the circular feedback loop induction, deduction, data and theory in science?
12 Explain Popper’s falsifiability view, good theories must produce tests that not onlyconfirm the theory but tests that could ______ a theory.. Compare aspects of Freud’s
unfalsifiable personalilty theory with Einstien’s falsifiable general theory of relativity
(not in text, I will elaborate).
13. What kind of experiment can lead to a ‘strong inference’? What is a critical experiment
(not in text, I will elaborate)?
14. Theories are not tested directly. What function do theories play (see Figure)? Hypothesis
produced by theories are what is tested. What is an hypothesis, what is a generalization
and what is the relation between them?
15. What is an intervening variable? How are they useful?
16. Using truck driver workload as an example, explain how using an indirect method of
explanation (intervening variable ‘workload’) offers a simplification of connections
between antecedent (independent variable) and consequent (dependent variablemeasured) events.
17. Explain how science theories are evaluated by parsimony, precision and testability.
18. Distinguish between basic and applied research (again).
19. Why is it generally difficult to see the value of basic research?
20. What dangers arise when applied research on a pressing issue is performed in the
absence of basic research (not in text, I will elaborate)?
21. What are the 2 advantages of laboratory research?
22. What do you think differentiates good research from bad research, in either basic or
applied settings (not in text)? – One word does the trick! It begins with ‘m’!
