30 Years Journey of Women Empowerment · 2019-07-12 · Emergence of Nari Adalat, Sanjivani Kendra,...

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Mahila Samakhya Uttar Pradesh 1 30 Years Journey of Women Empowerment Mahila Samakhya, Uttar Pradesh ..facilitating rural women to realise their dreams

Transcript of 30 Years Journey of Women Empowerment · 2019-07-12 · Emergence of Nari Adalat, Sanjivani Kendra,...

  • Mahila SamakhyaUttar Pradesh

    1

    30 Years Journey of Women Empowerment

    Mahila Samakhya, Uttar Pradesh

    ..facilitating rural women to realise their dreams

  • Mahila SamakhyaUttar Pradesh

    Mahila Samakhya Program

    2

    Editor & Concept Dr Smriti Singh

    Co-editorRewa Choubey, Karan

    Research, Design and Compilation Karan

    TypesettingPreeti Shrivastav, Karan

    Year 2019, Version - 1

    CONTENTS

    3 FOREWARD

    4 EMERGENCE OF MAHILA SAMAKHYA (MS)

    12 KEY ACTIVITIES OF MS UP

    27 SOCIAL IMPACT – MSK CASE STUDY

    30 PROGRAM STRUCTURE

  • Mahila SamakhyaUttar Pradesh 3

    Foreward

    I am associated with the Mahila Samakhya (MS) program for last 16 years. MS program is an ideology which people

    internalized to change themselves and the surrounding environment. MS program consistently involved in the struggle for

    its expansion and stability. Often different institutions and people visit the MS program to understand and to evaluate.

    They often ask basic questions such as what is MS program? What is Sangha? How do they work? How does it bring

    empowerment? MS has some documents in unconsolidated forms which could answer some of their queries but not all.

    Hence, we felt a need to publish a comprehensive document which can explain the entire program to external

    stakeholders.

    However, we were in dilemma to encapsulate such a detailed program in few pages which can answer all inquisitive

    queries. Fortunately, we were in touch with Mr Karan (ex-Kois Invest analyst) who gladly took this challenge to express

    MS program in form of a brief paper. After discussion with him, it was decided that an effort should be made to

    consolidate the journey of the entire program which can help readers to understand MS ideology to some extent. In this

    way, ‘30 Years of Women's Empowerment- ..facilitating rural women to realise their dreams’ paper is developed. We have

    summarized MS efforts, challenges and achievements in qualitative and quantitative form. We have done some field

    visits, interview with senior staff members and referred internal documents to develop this paper.

    We hope that this document will help you to understand the MS program.

    Thank you

    Dr. Smriti Singh

    State Program Director

    Mahaila Samakhya, Uttar Pradesh

  • Mahila SamakhyaUttar Pradesh 4

    Emergence of Mahila Samakhya (MS)

    Mahila Samakhya – meaning women’s empowerment through education - was launched in 1989

    by the Government of India with the support of Netherlands Government. In the first phase,

    program started in three states of Uttar Pradesh, Gujarat and Karnataka.

    • Providing educational opportunities to women has been an important effort in the field of education. Even after achieving

    these successes, gender inequalities remain a big concern in the rural areas.

    • For the purpose of education for women's equality, the Mahila Samakhya program was launched in the year 1989 in

    accordance with the goals of National Education Policy 1986.

    • In rural areas especially, focusing on socially and economically vulnerable women are made as a definite goal of the MS.

    • In 2016, Government of India had stopped the funding of the MS program nationally. They offered state governments if

    they want to continue the program, as result, only five states adopted the MS program out of eleven1.

    • In Uttar Pradesh (UP) program continued as state scheme, but in 2017 UP state government adopted MS program and

    run it under Department of Women and Child.

    History

    1) MS was operating in Telangana, Andhra Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Gujarat, Jharkhand, Karnataka, Kerala, Uttarakhand, and Uttar Pradesh.

    Now, it’s presence only left in Assam, Gujrat, Karnataka, Kerala and Uttar Pradesh.

  • Mahila SamakhyaUttar Pradesh 5

    Objective Strategy

    • Enhancing women's self-image

    and self-confidence

    • To create an environment where

    women can get knowledge and

    information so that they can play a

    positive role in society

    • To prepare a decentralized and

    interactive system of

    management

    • To enable women associations to

    facilitate and monitor educational

    activities in the villages

    • Providing opportunities for

    education of women and

    adolescents

    • To get more participation of

    women and girls in formal and

    informal education programs

    Mission Statement

    • To be Flexible about issues and

    approach to starting the work

    • To prepare women and adolescent

    girls as a volunteer

    • Create a favourable environment

    for women and adolescent girls

    which will help them to get

    recognition and autonomy

    • Built a strong networking and co-

    ordination with government and

    non-government organisations

    “Giving social justice, equal

    rights to all marginalised rural

    women”

    Vision

  • Mahila SamakhyaUttar Pradesh

    IN UTTAR PRADESH,

    MS IS ACTIVE IN 19

    DISTRICTS

    6

    Muz.Sha.

    • MS operating in UP since

    1989

    • Our future plan is to

    expand to all 75 districts of

    UP

    Districts Covered by MS

    MS’ State Office, Lucknow

    Prayagraj

  • Mahila SamakhyaUttar Pradesh 7

    rapes per 100 cases

    were registered in UP

    in 2015, vs. 12.27 in

    2001.3

    8.73

    Why Mahila Samakhya is Needed in Uttar Pradesh?

    14.5%of the total cases of

    crimes against

    women reported in

    UP which is highest

    as compare to other

    states.1

    ~200k

    ~30

    ~8women are raped in

    UP everyday.2

    912female per 1000

    of males sex ratio

    of UP.4

    girls (age 11-14

    years) are out of

    school in UP

    which is highest

    among all states

    in India.5

    women are

    abducted

    everyday in

    UP2

    “Mahila Samakhya is the only institution

    which is changing the patriarchal mindset

    and creating a positive environment for

    women in UP”

    1) Uttar Pradesh tops the list on crimes against women in 2016, Livemint.com, 1st Dec 2017 2) Crime against women up by 24% in UP this year, 8 raped every day, ToI 19

    Apr 2018 3) On gender crime, is Uttar Pradesh the worst state?, HT, 21st Feb 2017 4) 2011 census data 5) Uttar Pradesh registers increase in number of out-of-school

    children, The Hindu, 19th Jan 2017

  • Mahila SamakhyaUttar Pradesh 8

    Mahila Samakhya’ Expansion in UP Since Last 30 Years

    (As on Feb 2019)

    6,000 14,125

    47,750 58,264

    1,12,454

    1,34,968 1,43,298

    2,37,369

    -

    50,000

    1,00,000

    1,50,000

    2,00,000

    2,50,000

    1989-90 1994-95 1999-00 2004-05 2009-10 2014-15 2017-18 2018-19

    (As on Feb 2019)

    Initially, ~6,000 women were associated with MS which

    now reached more than 200,000

    400 341 473 565

    1,910

    4,668

    5,903

    11,567

    17,206

    4 4 4 4

    16 16 16

    19 19

    0

    2

    4

    6

    8

    10

    12

    14

    16

    18

    20

    -

    2,000

    4,000

    6,000

    8,000

    10,000

    12,000

    14,000

    16,000

    18,000

    20,000

    1989-90 1990-91 1993-94 1994-95 2000-01 2008-09 2015-16 2017-18 2018-19

    Villages Districts

    MS started its activities in 1989 with 400 villages and 4

    districts, now it is active in 17,206 villages (Panchayats

    level) and 19 districts

  • Mahila SamakhyaUttar Pradesh 9

    Journey of an Empowered Woman as Seen in MS UP

    • Socially suppressed (i.e. widows not allowed to attend religious ceremonies), emotionally suppressed (i.e. girls are not allowed to express their views freely) & physically suppressed (i.e. husband physically assault their wives on petty issues)

    • Shy & timid

    • No exposure to outside world

    Before Mahila Samakhya

    • Creation of a Sangha(Women Group based on mutual trust and emotions)

    • Two way discussion on gender

    • Gender Sensitive Approach

    Tools used• Vocal and raising village

    level issues in Sangha

    • Acquire analytical vision

    • Become more curious about outside world

    After ~ 3-4 years

  • Mahila SamakhyaUttar Pradesh 10

    Mahila Samakhya’ Development in UP

    1989 1995 1996 1997 2005 2017

    MS Starts its

    operations in

    UP

    Nari Adalat

    (Women’

    Court)

    Sanjavini

    Kendra (or

    Health Centre)

    KGBV (MSK

    inspired) for

    drop-out girls

    MS Prog.as it

    is Adopted by

    UP Govt. from

    Centre

    Bachat

    Samuh (or

    Saving Group)

    Mahila

    Shikshan

    Kendra (MSK)

    2002

    Participation

    in Panchayat

    Started

    Maha-Sangha

    (Federations)

    2000

  • Mahila SamakhyaUttar Pradesh 11

    Valuable Contributions of SPDs1 to Strengthen Mahila Samakhya Program in UP

    1989-1993 1993-98 1998-05 2006-10 2010-13 2014-present

    Ms Nishi Malhotra

    • Strengthened the Sangha at village

    level using Sakhi-Sahyogini model

    • Finalised the strategy and process

    structure of MS UP

    • Expansion of MS in new Districts

    • Networking with NGOs

    Dr Manju Agarwal

    • Strengthened the Sangha based structures

    – clusters and Maha-Sangha (federations)

    • Enhanced program’ visibility at the state

    level, at national level and international level

    • Put more focus on research and publication

    of documents

    • Institutionalised MIS system

    • Expansion of MS in new districts

    Dr Rashmi Sinha

    • Popularise MS’ education interventions at state and

    national level

    • Taking the strategy and processes of education

    from informal structures to formal

    • Encourage Sangha women to take leadership role

    • Linked Sangha with government programs and the

    introduction of different economic empowerment

    initiatives

    Ms Alka

    • Enhanced Mahasangha’ visibility at

    state level

    • New initiatives for economic

    empowerment

    Dr Smriti Singh

    • Successfully transferred the MS program at state level

    from central government and later from UP basic

    education dept. to Women & Child Development of UP

    • More focus on various issues such as child rights &

    water

    • Provide recognition of MS program at state level and

    implemented various state govt. schemes

    • Introduction of digital tools to manage various MS

    activities including adoption of official email domain

    • Laid the foundation of MS UP as per

    the Government directives

    Mr Krishnavtar Pandey, Mr HC

    Mahajan, Ms Vimla

    Ramachandran, & Ms Kanchan

    Sinha

    1) SPD - State Program Director

  • Mahila SamakhyaUttar Pradesh

    Nari Adalat is a non-formal judicial

    system. It is presided over by Sangha

    members to address issues of

    violence against women through

    consultation.

    12

    Key Activities of MS UP

    Sangha

    (Women's Collective)

    Nari Adalat

    (Women’ Court)

    Sanjivani Kendra

    (Health Centre)

    Bachat Samuh

    (Saving Group)

    ~20-25 grassroot women come together in a

    village and form a Sangha. Such women get

    training in different subjects.

    Sanjivani Kendra address health

    issues through herbal medicines

    and creating health awareness and

    hygiene in villages.

    Sangha women save small amount

    of money and use it for different

    economic activities.

  • Mahila SamakhyaUttar Pradesh

    SANGHA“We are so many together! Our huts are small, but there is room in our heart for many more!” – Song by Sangha Women

    13

  • Mahila SamakhyaUttar Pradesh 14

    Sangha: Women’ Collective

    What is Sangha?

    Stage 1: Emergence of

    Sangha

    Stage 2: Sangha

    reflection

    Stage 3: New consciousness

    of Sangha

    Stage 4: Sangha brings about

    affirmative action; Identifies issues like lack of water, parity in wages, violence

    Stage 5: Realises the

    need to break away the chains of oppression & subordination

    Stage 6: Reflection on

    new experience & action; felt

    need for literacy

    Stage 7: New & energised

    consciousness; Emergence of NariAdalat, SanjivaniKendra, Saving

    Group, Participation in Panchayats

    Sangha’ Formation

    “it usually takes ~ 3-4 years to form a strong Sangha”

    • The village-level women’s collectives, the Sanghas are the core units

    of the program. It is consists of 20-25 women age between ~18-50

    years and facilitated by a Shayogini1 (community worker).

    • In Sanghas, women usually share their problems and concerns,

    ranging from personal experiences of oppression and exploitation,

    unequal wages, the deteriorating environment and the unavailability of

    water, fuel and fodder, education for their children or themselves,

    their images of themselves, and their vision and dreams.

    • Shayogini helps and guides the women to share their personal

    experiences and insights on the issues, analyse its causes and

    dimensions and arrive at a collective understanding.

    • Collective action is followed by the group discussing the outcomes and

    consequences of their action and strategizing for the next step.

    • Sangha work as a social pressure group in a village and help other

    women (non-Sangha women) as well in & from nearby villages.

    • Later on, adolescent girls get associated with MS program, hence,

    we felt a need to start Kishori Sangha (adolescent girl collective)

    which can provide them coaching and guidance to complete their

    school exams and receive training in different issues such as health and

    legal literacy.

    • Kishori Sangha first started in 1997 in Pauri District (now in

    Uttarakhand).

    1) Shayoginis are on the payroll of MS

  • Mahila SamakhyaUttar Pradesh 15

    Key Facts: Sangha

    Historical Sangha and KishoriSangha Expansion since 1989

    1) As on Feb 2019 2) Estimates are based on 1998-99 annual report

    ➢ ~219,000 women and ~18,000

    adolescent girls are volunteer

    members of Sangha and Kishori

    Sangha respectively1

    ➢ Time to time Sangha women

    receive subject wise trainings in

    law, health, credit, herbal

    medicines etc.

    Total No. of Sangha and KishoriSangha (District Wise)Enviornment

    & Natural Resource

    Mgt.1%

    Educational Interventions

    13%

    Saving and Self helo initiatives

    14%

    Health and Herbal Remedies

    20%Voilence and Social Issues

    25%

    Accessing Govt. Schemes & Facilities

    27%

    % Distribution of Issues Addressed by Sanghas2400 565

    1166

    2160 2447

    46685343

    7219

    11073

    40 207 321540 669 647

    1186

    1989-90 1994-95 1997-98 2000-01 2004-05 2008-09 2013-14 2017-18 2018-19

    Kishori Sanghas first started in

    1997-98 in Pauri District with a

    motto of ‘Today’s girls are the

    hope of tomorrow’

    80250 250 310

    425 450 515562 665

    728 743 750 8011016

    12741579

    1880 1934

    2994

    12 53 16 30 18 95 81 38 30 35 54 136 29 55 63 24 41 66310

    (As on Feb 2019)

    (As on Feb 2019)

    Sangha

    Kishori Sangha

    Sangha

    Kishori Sangha

  • Mahila SamakhyaUttar Pradesh 16

    Sangha’ Impact: Mahila Evam Baal Adhikar Manch (Women And Child Rights Forum – MEBAM)

    • Women and child rights forum (MEBAM)

    project started under the direction of

    government order as a pilot in seven

    districts with the support of UNICEF on 15

    Sep 2017.

    • MEBAM forums are formed at Gram

    Panchayat level and chaired by the Pradhan

    (head of the local self-government body).

    Forums are constituted and run by Mahila

    Samakhya and Sahyoginis are the secretary

    of these forums.

    • Main purpose of MEBAM forums are:

    • To stop child marriages

    • To establish and strengthen community,

    district & state level child protection

    system

    • As on Dec 2018, 8761 forums are formed in

    19 districts out of 16633

    “Sangha members play active role in MEBAM

    forums. Under MEBAM program, Sangha

    women prevented total 437 child marriages”1

    Total Constituted MEBAM Forums (Districts Wise)

    (As on Dec 2018)

    1) Internal Report, Dec 2018

    106 139199

    273 281 291 306352

    419 447484 491 499

    531

    685 701732

    848

    977

  • Mahila SamakhyaUttar Pradesh

    2-5 villages together

    make one Panchayat

    and one MEBAM is

    active in one

    Panchayat. Currently

    8761 MEBAM forums

    are active.

    17

    From Sangha to Maha-Sangha (Federations)1

    Sangha

    Village

    Sangha

    Village

    Sangha

    Village

    ~2-5 MEBAM

    form one

    ‘cluster’

    ~5-10 clusters

    form one ‘Maha-

    Sangha’

    ~20-25 grassroot women come together in a village

    and form a Sangha. One Sangha is active in one

    village only. Currently, more than 200,000 women

    formed ~11,000 Sangha.

    20-25

    grassroot

    women

    20-25

    grassroot

    women

    20-25

    grassroot

    women

    Flow of Information

    1) As on Feb 2019

    ~2-5 Sangha

    (at Panchayat

    level) form one

    ‘MEBAM’

    Cluster

    discusses

    common issues

    of 20-25

    Sanghas.

    Maha-sangha’ work

    as a pressure group

    at block level and

    make strategy on

    different pressing

    issues.

  • Mahila SamakhyaUttar Pradesh

    NARI ADALAT(WOMEN’ COURT)

    “These Women would not look at a man when they spoke to him, but today they register cases and argue with us about legalities involved!” – Police Officer in UP

    18

  • Mahila SamakhyaUttar Pradesh 19

    NariAdalat (Women’s Court)

    What is a NariAdalat?

    • Nari Adalat is the democratic, secular, non-formal system of

    women crime-survivors, defenders and voluntary member’s

    body headed by women to initiate, plan advocacy and involve in

    mass action to address the issues of gender based violence,

    economic discrimination and violence primarily domestic

    atrocities to ensure dignity, equality and justice.

    • Nari Adalat first started in Uttar Pradesh in Saharanpur in

    1997 where violence had been taken up as a major issue with

    15 cases were registered out which 8 were resolved.

    • Belief in the inherent integrity of the statement given by the

    woman was the premise the Nari Adalat acted upon.

    • These Nari Adalats provide the forum for women to access

    affordable justice and speedy resolution free from

    patriarchal bias and serve as a social space where women can

    speak out against violence and voice their protest traditional

    oppressive practices within families and communities.

    • It is also a forum where women can express their problems

    without the hassle of complicated procedures and

    unapproachable authority.

    NariAdalat’ Expansion Since 1997

    1 617

    36

    120

    150

    0

    20

    40

    60

    80

    100

    120

    140

    160

    1997-98 2003-04 2008-09 2013-14 2017-18 2018-19

    “From 1997 to Dec 2018, a total 21,429 cases

    were registered in Nari Adalats, out of which

    15,958 cases were resolved and the remaining

    5,471 are in process.”1

    1) Internal Estimates

    (As on Feb 2019)

  • Mahila SamakhyaUttar Pradesh 20

    Key Facts: NariAdalat

    23

    5

    7 7 7 7 7 78

    9 9 910 10 10 10

    1112

    0

    2

    4

    6

    8

    10

    12

    14

    Total No. of NariAdalats (District Wise)

    • 150 Nari Adalats are active in 19 districts.

    • Impact: “12 sample cases of domestic violence taken up by the Nari

    Adalat, 10 claimed there has never been a repeat incident after

    the adalats intervened.”1

    ➢ 2400 Sangha women are associated

    with Nari Adalats as first line

    leadership and 1650 as second line

    leadership.

    ➢ Usually it takes ~60 days to resolve

    one case and cost only ~Rs.150 or $2.2

    1) Nari adalats doing wonders in districts, Times of India, 29th April 2002 2) Internal Estimates

    (As on Feb 2019)

  • Mahila SamakhyaUttar Pradesh

    NARI SANJIVANI(HEALTH CENTER)

    “If we are not healthy then our child will not be healthy as well, and we can’t give proper care to our child, this is what we have learnt here.” – Gudiya from Sitapur

    21

  • Mahila SamakhyaUttar Pradesh 22

    Nari Sanjivani (Women Health Centres)

    What is NariSanjivani?

    • MS functionaries realised that rural women’s knowledge of their

    bodies and their access to health services is so poor, that it

    becomes an impediment to their empowerment.

    • Acute lack of access of health services in rural areas and need to

    restore traditional health practices led to trainings of Sangha women in

    herbal medicine and ultimately Nari Sanjivani formally started in

    1997-98 in Sewapuri and Chakia Blocks of Varanasi (later

    Chandol).

    • The trainings, workshops and information-dissemination in

    health is given entirely with a gender perspective and within the

    socio-culture context. This enables women to comprehend the

    reasons behind the neglect of their health and nutritional status.

    • In trainings the traditional knowledge of women with regards to herbal

    medicines and their knowledge of local herbs was given due

    cognisance.

    • After training, the women went and tried these herbal medications

    on themselves or prescribe to other women suffering from

    disease for they were learning to prepare the medicine.

    • When these women met with success, it gave them pleasure and

    recognition.

    Sanjivani Expansion Since 1997

    “113,514 patients are treated by Nari

    Sanjivani from 1998 till Feb 2019.”1

    1) Nari adalats doing wonders in districts, Times of India, 29th April 2002

    2 7

    4059

    158

    232

    1997-98 2003-04 2008-09 2013-14 2017-18 2018-19

    (As on Feb 2019)

  • Mahila SamakhyaUttar Pradesh 23

    Key Facts: Nari Sanjivani

    Total No. of NariSanjivanis (District Wise)

    ➢ 232 Nari Sanjivanis are active in 19 districts.

    ➢ Total 2436 Sangha members are associated with Nari

    Sanjivani centers.

    ➢ Herbal medicines are sold at a low margin.

    2 24 5

    6 6 6 78 8 9

    10 1013

    1618

    3234

    36

    0

    5

    10

    15

    20

    25

    30

    35

    40

    Major Illnesses Observed In Sanjivani1

    Gas26%

    Likoria23%

    Arthritis18%

    Others11%

    Itching7%

    Piles5%

    Skin Diseases4%

    Irregular Periods

    4%

    Diabetes2%

    (As on Feb 2019)

  • Mahila SamakhyaUttar Pradesh

    BACHAT SAMUH(SAVING GROUP)

    “In time of emergency, we used to beg moneylenders. But now our saving group have Rs.10,500 which we use to lend each other” – Rani from Bulandshahr

    24

  • Mahila SamakhyaUttar Pradesh 25

    Bachat Samuh (Saving Group)

    What is BachatSamuh?

    • Mahila Samakhya felt that the lack of adequate economic

    empowerment from the perspective of its role in maintaining and

    perpetuating social inequalities, had to be addressed.

    • MS had given the women access to education and information but

    they still had limited bargaining power. With improved economic

    status, would come better conditions at work, decision making

    powers within the household, and freedom from continuous

    debt and extreme poverty.

    • In view of this, from August 1996 MS facilitated in the formation

    of Saving Groups by contributing Rs.200 per month in form

    grants to strong Sanghas for economic development.

    • Later, many Sanghas-cum-saving groups have collected

    substantial amounts through their savings which they use for

    different economic activities including credit.

    • Many Saving Groups have opened accounts in banks and take

    great pride in the ownership of this saving account and, for many

    who have hardly been out of their village, the monthly trip to the

    bank to deposit their amount is an adventure in itself.

    Saving Group Expansion Since 1997

    “In Prashurampur village, 30 Sangha women

    bought water pipe for investment purpose at

    Rs.5,000 and give it to small farmers for

    irrigation at Rs.250 per day rent.”2

    1) Nari adalats doing wonders in districts, Times of India, 29th April 2002 2) “Punji Par Niyantran”, MS UP, Second edition 2015

    388490

    721

    1066

    816

    953

    1997-98 2002-03 2007-08 2012-13 2017-18 2018-19

    (As on Feb 2019)

  • Mahila SamakhyaUttar Pradesh 26

    Key Facts : Bachat Samuh

    Total No. of Saving Groups (District Wise)

    ➢953 Saving Groups are active in 18 districts and around 20,000

    Sangha women do saving and use it for different economic

    activities.

    ➢ Economic development activities being undertaken

    by Saving Groups1:

    • Lending money to and redeeming credit

    • Catering Business

    • Tent house Business

    • Sewing/tailoring and embroidery business

    • Dairy activities

    • Co-operative farming

    1) As observed in MS UP

    (As on Feb 2019)

    07 10

    1119

    27 2831

    36 39

    48 51

    69 70

    86 8793

    105

    136

  • Mahila SamakhyaUttar Pradesh27

    Case Study: Mahila Shikshan Kendra

    (MSK)

    SOCIAL IMPACT

    पढ़िहौं , लिखिहौं , बकरी चरइहौंअब मैं अंगूठा कतहूूँ न िगइहौंI shall graze my goat and study. No more thumb impressions for me NOW!

    27

  • Mahila SamakhyaUttar Pradesh 28

    Mahila Shikshan Kendra (MSK)

    • Mahila Samakhya facilitators found it quite a task to convince the women that their innate common

    sense, powers of intuition and ability to see logical relationships are all elements of ‘buddhi or

    intelligence’. Even without being literate, they can be intelligent. Literacy is only a tool with which

    they can express themselves in a better way.

    • When the MS program started in 1989, literacy was not the felt need of the women. They were

    interested in issues of ‘survival’ – drinking water, ration, getting minimum wages, minor forest

    produces and violence. Once the Sangha started taking shape, there was a demand for information

    relating to these issues.

    • It was when women started to regularly interacted with structures of power and governance,

    that they began to realise the value of literacy. They needed to write applications, access official

    documents, maintaining records for saving groups. All these required the ability to read and write.

    • Initially MS started to conduct literacy camps, adolescence girls camps, to expose the women to

    the concept of literacy and to initiate their education.

    • A region specific curriculum was used to each district, for example in Saharanpur the curriculum

    as was connected to violence against women and in Varanasi to Panchayati Raj and wages.

    • However, there is a growing demand later for a residential educational centre for women where they

    could learn in an environment that was free from the daily pressure of house work, child care etc.

    Hence, Mahila Shikshan Kendra (residential school for women) first initiated in Banda district

    in 1995 with two batches of 40 women each between the ages of 14 and 40 years have passed out

    of MSK. 30 of these have joined formal mainstream schools in Karvi in classes V and VI.

    • As per available data, between the year 2007 to 2013, a total of 3195 girls were enrolled in MSK,

    and 2908 girls passed, out of which 2195 girls joined the formal mainstream schools.

    “The MSK not only

    provides condensed

    course, but is also a

    holistic strategy

    committed to creating a

    cadre of educated and

    aware women in very

    backward regions where

    female literacy is very

    low and where it is

    difficult to find literate

    women to participate in

    education &

    development programs

    initiated by the Govt.

    and NGOs.”1 – Govt. of

    India

    1) Mahila Samakhya, 10th Plan Document, GoI, Ministry of HRD, Dept of Elementary Education & Literacy, New Delhi

  • Mahila SamakhyaUttar Pradesh 29

    MSK to Kasturba Gandhi Balika Vidyalayas (KGBV)

    • After the successful running of MSK, central government

    adopted MSK concept in form of ‘Kasturba Gandhi

    Balika Vidyalayas (KGBVs)’ under Sarva Shikha Abhiyan

    (SSA) in 2005-06 . KGBVs are residential schools like

    MSK at upper primary level for out of school girls belonging

    to disadvantaged groups such as SC, ST, OBC, Minority

    and Below Poverty Line (BPL) families.

    • As of Aug 2018, 3703 KGBVs were sanctioned under the

    Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan (SSA), out of which 3697 KGBVs

    are operational, enrolling 378,000 girls.1

    • Provision has been made to upgrade the existing KGBVs

    at upper primary level to upto senior secondary level to

    ensure smooth transition of girls from elementary to

    secondary and up to class XII.1

    • As of now, all KGBVs schools in MS districts are run by

    MS. However, KGBV was merged into basic education

    department of Uttar Pradesh, hence, gradually state govt.

    will take the charge of KGBVs from MS.

    “There is a need to adopt the gender sensitive approach of Mahila Samakhya to the KGBV schools.” -Recommendations

    of the National Consultation by NCERT (Dept. of Women Studies)2

    1) Minister of State (HRD), Shri Upendra Kushwaha in a written reply to a Rajya Sabha question on 9th Aug 2018 2) National Consultation On Kasturba

    Gandhi Balika Vidyalaya A Visionary Initiative August 11- 12, 2008, NCERT (Dept. of Women Studies)

    MSK and KBBV Expansion Since 1995 in UP

    MSK first

    started

    in 1995

    1

    8

    1215 16 16

    10

    33 33 33 33 33 33

    1995-96 1999-00 2005-06 2009-10 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 2018-19

    MSK KGBV

    MS dissolved the MSK

    program due to lack of

    funding from State Govt.

    (As on Feb 2019)

    Central Govt. launched

    KGBV and authorised MS

    to run all KGBV in

    Districts where MS is

    present

  • Mahila SamakhyaUttar Pradesh 30

    Program Structure

    Sanghas

    Sahyogini

    District Implementation Units (Coordinator, Consultants, Resource

    Persons, Support Staff)

    State Office(Project Director, Consultants,

    Resource Persons, Support Staff)

    Direction of

    Process

    Fund Flow

    Fund Flow

    MS UP SocietyExecutive Committee with

    UP Govt, Women Activist,

    non-officials

    Support from District

    Resource Group,

    NGOs, Training

    Groups

    Support from State

    Resource Group,

    NGOs, Resource

    Instituions

    Organogram

    “MS UP have 462

    Sahyoginis, 16

    district coordinators,

    15 resource persons,

    44 junior resource

    persons, 90 support

    staff”

  • Mahila SamakhyaUttar Pradesh 31

    MS Has Worked With Multiple National/International Institutions G

    ove

    rnm

    en

    tF

    oun

    datio

    ns/D

    eve

    lop

    me

    nt

    Aid

    Age

    ncie

    s

    (Year 1989-2016) (Year 2016- present)

  • Mahila SamakhyaUttar Pradesh 32

    Contact Us

    220,000 +

    women &

    Adolescent

    Girls

    10,000 +

    Sangha &

    Kishori

    Sangha19

    Districts

    220

    Blocks

    MS UP AT A GLANCE

    150 Women’

    Courts

    232 Health

    Centers

    953 Saving

    Groups

    627

    Staff

    Mahila Samakhya

    4/13, Vishal Khand, Gomti Nagar

    Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India

    Postal Code – 226010

    Contact: 0522 – 2391394

    Email: [email protected]

    Website: www.upmahilasamakhya.org.in

    mailto:[email protected]://www.upmahilasamakhya.org.in/