3 Primary Stages Comprising Quality Control of Concrete Construction _ Civilblog

7/23/2019 3 Primary Stages Comprising Quality Control of Concrete Construction _ Civilblog

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11/13/2015 3 PRIMARY STAGES COMPRISING QUALITY CONTROL OF CONCRETE CONSTRUCTION | CivilBlog.Org

http://c ivi lblog.or g/2015/06/27/3- pr im ar y- stages- com pr ising- qual ity- contr ol-of- concr ete- constr uction/ 1/7

Suryakanta | June 27, 2015 | Concrete, Concrete Technology,

Construction, Materials | No Comments

3 PRIMARY STAGESCOMPRISING QUALITYCONTROL OF CONCRETE

CONSTRUCTION

Quality control of concrete construction

QUALITY CONTROL OF

CONCRETE CONSTRUCTION

Quality of concrete construction on site can be accomplished in

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three distinct stages as follow

1. Quality control before concreting

2. Quality control during concreting

3. Quality control after construction

STAGE-1(QUALITY CONTROLBEFORE CONCRETING)

This stage of quality control consists of two steps.

1. Checking of specification requirements regarding excavation,

forms, reinforcement and embedded fixtures etc.

2. Control test on concrete ingredients (i.e. on cement,

aggregate & water)

CEMENT

Quality of cement is ascertained by making compressive strength

tests on cement cubes. However for effective control cement:

Should be tested initially once for each source and

subsequently once for every two monthsShould be protected from moisture

Should be retested after 3 months of storage, if long storage

in unavoidable

Should be rejected if large lump are found in cement bags.

AGGREGATE

Concrete aggregates should confirm to specified values as per

standard specification.

The quality of concrete is affected by different physical and

mechanical properties of aggregate, i.e. shape, grading,

durability, specific gravity and water absorption etc. these

properties of aggregated should be tested before using it for

concrete production.

The quantity of deleterious materials and organic impurities

should also be tested.

Bulking of sand is also an important property in several ways. It

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gives wrong results when volume batching is done. It increases

water cement ratio which in turn reduces strength.

For effective control aggregates:

Are required to be tested once initially for approval of source

Should subsequently be tested once or twice daily formoisture content and allowance should be made for

moisture content of aggregates.

WATER

The quality of water should be checked for the requirements as

specified in respective standard. Chemical analysis shall be

conducted for approval of source. In case of suspended

impurities, it is necessary to store water for some time to allow

them to settle down. In case of doubt concrete cubes made with

this water are tested. Average 28 days compressive strength of at

least three cubes or cylinders or specified size, prepared with

water proposed to be used shall not be less than 90% of the

average strength of three similar concrete cubes prepared with

distilled water.

STAGE-2(QUALITY CONTROL

DURING CONCRETING)

Careful supervision during concrete manufacture is necessary for

all concreting operations such as batching, mixing, transporting,

laying, compacting and curing. Following precautions should be

taken during concreting operation.

1. The concrete mix should be designed in the laboratory with

the materials to be used on site.

2. As far as possible concrete should be batched by weight. If

weight batching is not possible, then volume batching may

be permitted through proper supervision in the presence of

engineer in charge.

3. During mixing the mixer should be charged to its full

capacity. The materials should be fed in proper sequence.

The speed of the mixer should be range from 15 to 20

revolutions per minute. The mixing time should not be less

than 2 minutes in any case. Segregation should be avoided

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while unloading the concrete from the mixer.

4. Workability of concrete is an important property of concrete

while concrete is in its fresh state. Therefore slump test or

compaction factor test should be performed to check

workability of concrete. About three tests should be carried

out for every 25 m of concrete.

5. Care should be taken so that no segregation takes placeduring transportation of concrete.

6. Concrete should not be dropped from a height of more than

1 m. if the drop height exceeds 1 m chutes should be used.

7. To avoid rehandling of concrete it should be placed at its

final position as far as possible.

8. Vibrators should be used for compacting concrete. The

insertion spacing of internal vibrators should not be more

than 0.6 m. It should be drawn out slowly so that no holesremain in the concrete. The frequency of vibrators should

not be less than 7000 cycles/minutes.

9. Curing should be done for a specified period so that

concrete develops requisite strength. Concrete should be

covered with hessian as soon as it becomes hard.

10. The form work should correspond to final form of the

structure. It should be checked before concreting is started.

The inside of the forms should be cleaned and oiled. Theforms should be removed after the specified period.

11. Concrete should be protected from hot and cold weather at

early ages. Concreting should not be done at temperature

below 4.5 C and above 40 In very hot weather water and

aggregates should be cooled. Retarders of approved quality

can be used.

12. In very cold weather water and aggregates should be heated.

Accelerators of approved quality can also be used.

STAGE-3(QUALITY CONTROL AFTER

CONSTRUCTION)

Once the concrete is laid and compacted, compression tests are

made on the cubes made out of this concrete. For ordinary

concrete, cubes are made out of the concrete made at work site.

The hardened concrete has to be checked for trueness in

dimensions, shape and sizes as per design specification. General

surface appearance of concrete should also be checked.

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ABOUT THE AUTHOR

Dimensions are ascertained by different measurements.

Reinforcement should have adequate concrete cover and if the

reinforcement is visible in part of a structure, the part should be

rejected or necessary actions should be taken accordingly.

Concrete strength is normally to be ascertained from cube or

cylinder samples tested at 28 days. In case the strength obtainedis less than the specific minimum, one or more of following steps

may be taken.

Load test and measurement of deflection and / or strain (the

quality of the structure can then be ascertained by

calculating back the concrete strength)

Cutting cores from the structures and testing them for

strengthNon destructive tests like Schmidt rebound hammer or

ultrasonic pulse velocity test. These tests give only a very

rough idea and are primarily used to ascertain the

uniformity of construction.

Chemical analysis of hardened concrete.

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Suryakanta

Geotechnical-Material Engineer. You

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QUALITY

REQUIREMENTS

FOR BURNT

CLAY FLY ASH

BUILDING

BRICKS

10 DIFFERENT

TYPES OF

STAIRS

COMMONLY

DESIGNED FOR

BUILDINGS

DIFFERENCE

BETWEEN

SCAFFOLDING,

SHORING &

UNDERPINNING

WHAT ARE THE

ADVANTAGES

OF HOLLOW

CONCRETE

BLOCK

MASONRY?

SAFE BEARING

CAPACITY

VALUES OF

DIFFERENT

SOILS & ROCKS

WHAT CAUSE

DEFECTS IN

BRICK

MASONRY AND

ITS REMEDIES?

BUILDING CONSTRUCTION

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