Four Stages Sensorimotorbirth to 1 ½ yrs Preoperational2-7 yrs Concrete Operations 7-11
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Transcript of Four Stages Sensorimotorbirth to 1 ½ yrs Preoperational2-7 yrs Concrete Operations 7-11
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Four Stages1. Sensorimotor birth to 1 ½ yrs2. Preoperational 2-7 yrs3. Concrete Operations 7-114. Formal Operations 11 into adulthood
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• Ages 2 to 7
•Basic Mental operations start replacing sensorimotor activities as the primary way to learn
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I “eated” my apple
No, it’s ate
Then I “ated” my apple
Children learn mostly by language and mental images
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• Make-believe play is used to create and express all kinds of mental images
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Everyone views the world like
I do
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Egocentrism
• The sun follows them from place to place and goes to bed when they do
•Problems with reversibility—can’t see the world from other's perspectives
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Children are prone to thinking errors
Just as a walking toddler is prone to missteps
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I don’t want to go to sleep! I’m not tired!
He hurt my feelings so I hit him!
use feeling to
solve problems
rather than logic
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• Begin learning multiple classification– the ability to understand that an object may fit into more than one category
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• Begin learning seriation—the ability top order groups of things by size, weight, or any common property•For example arranging beads on a bracelet from smallest to largest• However preschool age children cannot arrange themselves by height
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•They think the same amount of liquid is more when poured into a tall think glass.
•To them taller means more!
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Another example of conservation
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They have two kinds of reasoning
1. Syncretic– a break in logic, changing set of criteria
Example: Mother usually makes dinner before dad comes home so making dinner causes dad to come home.
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First, you put all of the white powder in a
bowl. Then you pour milk into it. Stir and
pour in metal cups that are hooked together. Now hurry and put in the oven because we are late for school.
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2. Intuitive reasoning—They guess!!
Which line has more marbles?
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My birthday is before Christmas
and after Halloween
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•Children may not be aware of what is real and what is make-believe
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Multiple Intelligences
Many different ways of using the mind and body to experience the
world
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Verbal-linguistic
• Linked to language• Strongest in this
intelligence learns best through words
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Logical-Mathematical
• Arithmetic and Science
• Patterns to connect facts and observations
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Visual-Spatial
• Ability to draw and construction
• Learning is easiest through pictures and colors
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Musical
• Rhythm and sounds• Hearing rhythms and
melodies helps promote learning
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Bodily-Kinesthetic
• Skill in moving the body through space
• Athletes, dancers, and those who are skilled in crafts are high in this intelligence
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Interpersonal
• Social skills• A person with these
abilities are good at communicating with and empathizing others
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Intrapersonal
• Revealed by someone who is more private and less social
• Keeps a diary, has a strong will, and much independence, and prefers to play alone
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Naturalistic
• Understanding of the natural world—plants, animals, and the processes of nature
• Interested in being outdoors and may enjoy books about animals
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You can tell a lot about cognitive development by looking at a child’s drawing
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Is that a drawing of two caterpillars?
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