3 Major Pre-Columbian Civilizations: Maya, Aztec, Inca Find these locations and label them on your...
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3 Major Pre-Columbian 3 Major Pre-Columbian Civilizations: Civilizations: Maya, Aztec, Maya, Aztec,
IncaIncaFind these locations and label them on Find these locations and label them on
your map.your map.
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Early Human Early Human MigrationsMigrations
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A.D. 250 - A.D. 900
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Lands of the Lands of the MayansMayans
The Yucatan
Peninsula
The Yucatan
Peninsula
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TikalTikal, Guatemala, Guatemala
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Map of TikalMap of Tikal
Temple of the Masks
Temple of the Masks
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Tikal:Tikal:
Temple Temple of the of the MasksMasks
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Tikal - Wall Mask of Tikal - Wall Mask of the Rain Godthe Rain God
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Tikal Jungle View at Tikal Jungle View at SunsetSunset
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Chichen-ItzaChichen-Itza - - PyramidPyramid
Cities were religious centers. Pyramid style Temples stood in the middle of the city. Worshiped many gods and performed rituals including human sacrifice to their gods.
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PakalPakal: The Maya : The Maya AstronautAstronaut
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Quetzalcoatl:The God of Wisdom The God of Wisdom
& Learning& Learning
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Every Spring and Fall equinox, the sun hits the pyramid just perfectly that a snake is formed on the edge of the staircase. The head is down on the bottom of the staircase. Architects still aren’t exactly sure of how the Mayans figured out how to build this.
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Chichen-Itza - Chichen-Itza - ObservatoryObservatory
Mayan priests studied the stars and planets. Designed an accurate calendar to determine cycles.
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Mayan MathematicsMayan MathematicsFirstFirst number number system system
with a with a 00
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MayanMayan Hieroglyphic Hieroglyphic
Writing Writing SystemSystem
sky king house child citysky king house child city sky king house child citysky king house child city
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Chichen-Itza - Ball Chichen-Itza - Ball Court Game:Court Game:Pok-ta-PokPok-ta-Pok
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Mayan Mayan Cultivation of Cultivation of
MaizeMaize
Chac, God of Rain Chac, God of Rain
Chac, God of Rain Chac, God of Rain Farmers worked in fields surrounding the
city. Maize most important crop. Also grew squash, beans, peppers, avocados, and papayas.
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Mayan Underground Mayan Underground Granaries: Granaries: ChultunesChultunes
Ground the corn into flour to make tortillas.
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Mayan Drinking Mayan Drinking Cup for ChocolateCup for Chocolate
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The Great Mystery of the Mayas:Collapse of the Mayan Civilization
Suddenly left their cities. Why??Enormous Population
– Lack of Resources (water, food, materials)Revolution against the Government
– Peasant uprising against nobles & priests InvasionsNatural Disaster (earthquakes, hurricanes, volcanos etc.)DiseaseCalendar Prophesies
-Mayans believed they were headed for collapse because their calendar said they were, therefore they thought they should move to new centers
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Maya Review
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A.D. 1100 – A.D.1521
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Lands of the Lands of the AztecsAztecs
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Aztec View of Aztec View of TenochtitlanTenochtitlan
Island in Lake TexcocoPopulation 200,000
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Tenochtitlan: The Tenochtitlan: The “Venice” of the “Venice” of the
AmericasAmericas
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Ruins of the City Ruins of the City Center, TenochtitlanCenter, Tenochtitlan
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Aztecs Aztecs Human Human Sacrifice Sacrifice of of Neighboring Tribes Neighboring Tribes to the Sun Godto the Sun God
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Aztec Sun MotifsAztec Sun Motifs
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Heart SacrificeHeart Sacrificeon an Aztec Temple on an Aztec Temple
PyramidPyramid
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Wall of Skulls, Wall of Skulls, TenochtitlanTenochtitlan
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Sacrificial Statue, Sacrificial Statue, TenochtitlanTenochtitlan
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Aztec Aztec ChinampaChinampa or or Floating GardenFloating Garden::
15ft. to 30ft. wide15ft. to 30ft. wide
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Tenochtitlan – Tenochtitlan – Chinampas of Chinampas of maize, maize,
squash, & beanssquash, & beans
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Aztec MedicineAztec MedicineAztec doctors made more than 1,000 medicines from plants. Also set broken bones and practiced dentistry.
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Aztec Aztec MathMath
Aztec Aztec WritingWriting
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Aztec Aztec CodexCodex (15c Manuscript)(15c Manuscript)
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Aztec Sun Stone -- Aztec Sun Stone -- CalendarCalendar
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The The Aztecs Aztecs WereWereFierce Fierce WarriorsWarriors
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Aztec Aztec GoldGold
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Aztec Aztec TradingTrading
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Montezuma II Aztec Ruler 1519
Hernan Cortes formed an alliance with the peasants and defeated the Aztecs in 1521
Aztec CollapseAztec Collapse
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A.D. 1200 - A.D.1535
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Lands of the Lands of the IncasIncas
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CuzcoCuzco: Ancient Capital of the : Ancient Capital of the IncaIncaStone Architecture with no mortar or cement. Architecture Stonework
and earthquake proof structures – trapezoid doors and windows & walls tilted in at 80 degrees instead of 90 degree straight walls.
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Machu PicchuMachu Picchu: : rediscovered 1911rediscovered 1911
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This city is built into the mountainside with over 3,000 steps connecting the different levels of the city.
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Machu PicchuMachu Picchu
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Many GodsHuman SacrificeInti – god of sun: most important godViracocha – god of Andes people
Incan ReligionIncan Religion
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Incan Incan Road Road SystemSystem15,000 miles of roads. Runners used to relay messages over vast empire.
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Incan Suspension Bridges
Incan Suspension Bridges
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Incan Incan Terrace Terrace FarmingFarming
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Incan Digging Incan Digging SticksSticks
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MaizeMaize in Incan in Incan PotteryPottery
& Gold Work& Gold Work
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Over 100 Different Types of Over 100 Different Types of PotatoesPotatoes Cultivated Cultivated
by the Incansby the Incans
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Produce from a Typical Produce from a Typical Incan Incan
Market Market
Peppers, Tomatoes, Peanuts
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Incan Ceramic JarsIncan Ceramic Jars
PeanutPeanutPeanutPeanut PotatoPotatoPotatoPotato SquashSquashSquashSquash
Cacao Cacao GodGod
Cacao Cacao GodGod
Cacao PodCacao PodCacao PodCacao Pod
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Incan Incan AqueductsAqueducts
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The The QuipuQuipu:: An Incan An Incan Data Data CollectingCollecting Method Method
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Inca Inca GoldGold & & SilverSilver
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Francisco Pizarro– Guns, cannons, and horses– European diseases
Incan Collapse: Incan Collapse: 15351535
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Incan MummiesIncan Mummies
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The End