Aztec, Inca, Maya- Civilizations
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Transcript of Aztec, Inca, Maya- Civilizations
Aztecs, Mayas, and Incas
Aztecs, Mayas, and Incas
Unit 2: Background InformationUnit 2: Background Information
AgendaAgenda
Review three major civilizations that existed in Central and South America from 2000 B.C until the arrival of the Spanish in the 16th centuray
Discuss cultures, achievements
MayasMayasThe empire stretched
from the Gulf of Mexico to present day Honduras
Height of empire was 600-900 AD
The empire stretched from the Gulf of Mexico
to present day Honduras
Height of empire was 600-900 AD
MayasMayasChichen Itza was an important city in the
empire and became a major market place
Chichen Itza was an important city in the
empire and became a major market place
The pyramid was used as a calendar: four stairways, each with 91 steps and a platform at the top, making a total of 365, equivalent to the number of days in a calendar year.
The pyramid was used as a calendar: four stairways, each with 91 steps and a platform at the top, making a total of 365, equivalent to the number of days in a calendar year.
Chichen ItzaChichen Itza
TikalTikal
PalenquePalenque
MayasMayasMost houses were made
of adobeMost houses were made
of adobe
MayasMayasThe Mayan economy was
based on agriculture. They grew maize,
squash, and beans, but they also grew cash crops like cotton.
They would travel great distances to trade their
goods
The Mayan economy was based on agriculture.
They grew maize, squash, and beans, but
they also grew cash crops like cotton.
They would travel great distances to trade their
goods
MayasMayasThey had hundreds of gods and goddesses.
They revolved around nature. Agriculture was important to the Maya
life so many of the gods were related to
agriculture.
They had hundreds of gods and goddesses.
They revolved around nature. Agriculture was important to the Maya
life so many of the gods were related to
agriculture.
MayasMayasThey had a system of
writing (using hieroglyphs) and books made from the bark of a fig tree called codices.
They had a system of writing (using
hieroglyphs) and books made from the bark of a fig tree called codices.
MayasMayasThey had amazing
knowledge of astronomy, creating an accurate calendar, plotting the
movements of the moon and sun, and calculating the revolution of Venus
around the sun.
They had amazing knowledge of astronomy,
creating an accurate calendar, plotting the
movements of the moon and sun, and calculating the revolution of Venus
around the sun.
AztecsAztecsThe empire was 80,000
square miles and stretched through
present day Central and South America
Height of power was between the 15th and early 16th centuries
The empire was 80,000 square miles and stretched through
present day Central and South America
Height of power was between the 15th and early 16th centuries
AztecsAztecsThe heart of the Aztec
Empire was Tenochtitlan. It was built on Lake
Texcoco and had roads and bridges leading into
the heart of the city.
The heart of the Aztec Empire was Tenochtitlan.
It was built on Lake Texcoco and had roads
and bridges leading into the heart of the city.
AztecsAztecsMost households were
made of adobe and contained an open area in the middle, a kitchen, a shrine to the gods, and
bath next door.
Most households were made of adobe and
contained an open area in the middle, a kitchen, a shrine to the gods, and
bath next door.
AztecsAztecsThe large population and limited land forced the
Aztecs to create floating farms called Chinampas.
The large population and limited land forced the
Aztecs to create floating farms called Chinampas.
AztecsAztecsThe Aztec had
a system of writing using
symbols
The Aztec had a system of
writing using symbols
AztecsAztecsThe Aztecs were a
warring culture. Warriors gained prominence and
status by performing well in battle. Young
men were trained at an early age to be warriors.
The Aztecs were a warring culture. Warriors gained prominence and
status by performing well in battle. Young
men were trained at an early age to be warriors.
AztecsAztecsThey had hundreds of gods and goddesses.
Like the Maya, the gods revolved around nature.
Agriculture was important to Aztec life so many of the gods
were related to agriculture. They often made human sacrifices
to please the gods.
They had hundreds of gods and goddesses.
Like the Maya, the gods revolved around nature.
Agriculture was important to Aztec life so many of the gods
were related to agriculture. They often made human sacrifices
to please the gods.
AztecsAztecsAccording to an Aztec myth, the white-faced
Quetzacuatl - was their most important god.
He is the god of intelligence and the god
of creation.
According to an Aztec myth, the white-faced
Quetzacuatl - was their most important god.
He is the god of intelligence and the god
of creation.
IncasIncasThe empire stretched 2,500 miles down the west coast of South
America. The Inca built roads stretching
throughout the empire.
Height of power between the 13th and early 16th centuries
The empire stretched 2,500 miles down the west coast of South
America. The Inca built roads stretching
throughout the empire.
Height of power between the 13th and early 16th centuries
IncasIncasThe Incas built their
cities on many types of geography. Some high in
the Andes and others along the coast
The Incas built their cities on many types of
geography. Some high in the Andes and others
along the coast
IncaIncaThe Incas built their
cities on many types of geography. Some high in
the Andes and others along the coast
The Incas built their cities on many types of
geography. Some high in the Andes and others
along the coast
TiwanakuTiwanaku
CuzcoCuzco
IncasIncasMost households were
made of stoneMost households were
made of stone
IncasIncasThe economy was based
on agriculture and mines. They mined
precious metals.
Just like Aztec society, people had to pay a
tribute (tax)
The economy was based on agriculture and mines. They mined
precious metals.
Just like Aztec society, people had to pay a
tribute (tax)
IncasIncasThe empire was filled
with mountains so a lot of the farming was done
on terraces.
In desert regions, water was brought through
irrigation systems
The empire was filled with mountains so a lot of the farming was done
on terraces.
In desert regions, water was brought through
irrigation systems
IncasIncasReligion was very important. They worshiped Viracocha.
They worshiped natural forces they called huacas. These were usually related to their
crops or agriculture.
Re
Religion was very important. They worshiped Viracocha.
They worshiped natural forces they called huacas. These were usually related to their
crops or agriculture.
Re
IncasIncasThey made exquisite
textiles for their families and sold them at the
market
They made exquisite textiles for their families
and sold them at the market
Comparing Cultures
Comparing Cultures
Based on Agriculture: These civilizations introduced chocolate (cocoa), tomato, potato, peppers, peanuts and several other foods to Europeans
They had a system of government with religious leaders and the rich at the top. In Aztec culture you could gain status by being a great warrior
The regular people paid taxes to the rich (fine metals and cocoa beans were used)
Temples to honor the gods and to make sacrifices to keep agriculture strong
They had great knowledge in mathematics and astronomy