Vegetables 2nd semester Unit 11. cathedral 2nd semester Unit 11.
2nd semester grammar book 2
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Transcript of 2nd semester grammar book 2
![Page 1: 2nd semester grammar book 2](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022082702/555c11e2d8b42ad77e8b4ee0/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
2nd semester Grammar book
By: Tyler Tracy
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Contents• Imperfecto• Preterite
– -car, -gar, -zar– Spock– Cucaracha– Snake/Snake
• Modal verbs• Los Averbos• Progressive Tense
– Present– Past
• Future Tense– Irregulares
• Superlatives• Formal commands• Prepositions• Conditional• Demonstratives
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El Imperfecto
• Yo• Tu• El/ ella• Nosotros• Vosotros• Ellos/Ellas
Ar
• aba• Abas• Aba• Abamos• Abais• aban
er
• ia• Ias• Ia• Iamos• Iais• Ian
ir
• ia• Ias• Ia• Iamos• Iais• ian
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Irregular preterite: -car, -gar, -zarpreterite tocar Jugar comenzar
Ar/er&ir -car -gar -zar
e/I Toque* Jugue* Comence*
Aste/iste Tocaste Jugaste Comenzaste
o/o Toco* Jugo* Comenzo*
Amos/imos Tocamos Jugamos Comenzaoms
Aron/ieron Tocaron Jugaron Comenzaron
* Means hyphen over last letter
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Spock
Hacer
Ser Ir
Dar
Ver
d/v:
-I-ist
e-io
-imos
-ieron
FuiFuiste
FueFuimosFueron
HiceHistaHizo
HicimosHicieron
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Cucaracha
• Andar: Anduv-• Estar: Estuv-• Poder: Pud-• Poner: Pus- • Querer: Quis-• Saber: Sup-• Tener: Tuv-• Venir: Vin-
• Yo: -e• Tu: -iste• El/Ella: -o• Nosotros: -imos• Vosotros: -isteis• Ellos: -ieron
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Cucaracha’s cont.
• Decir: Dijo-• Traer: Traj-• Conducir: Conduj-• Producir: Produj-• Traducir: Traduj-
With these, when there is an ‘I’ that begins the conjugation, you drop the ‘I’
• Yo: -e• Tu: -iste• El/Ella: -o• Nosotros: -imos• Vosotros: -isteis• Ellos: -ieron
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Snake/Snake*=accent
• Dormir– Dormi*– Dormimos– Dormiste– Durmio* (over i)– Dumerieron
• Leer– Lei*– Leiste* (over i)– Leyo*– Leimos– Leyeron
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Modal Verbs
• Ir + a + infinitive (going to do something)• Poder + infinitive (are able to do something)• Querer + infinitive (want to do something)• Deber + infinitive (should do something)• Tener que + infinitive (to have to do
something)• Soler + infinitive (to be accustomed to…)• Necesitar + infinitive
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Los Adverbos
• Add –mente to all the verbs– Feliz=Happy– Felizmente= Happily
• Change into feminine form (-a)– Lento=Slow– Lentamenta=Slowly
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Progressive Tense(present and past)
-ando
-ar -iendo
er-yendo
ir
Estoy* Estas* Esta*
Estamos Estais* Estan
Present
Past
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Future Tense*=accent mark over the vowel
Yo -e*
-as*
-a*
-emos
-an*
Infinitive +
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Future Irregulares
These conjugate with future tense(on previous slide)
Decir Dir- Hacer Har-
Poner Pondr- Salir Saldr-
Tener Tendr- Valer Vendr-
Querer Querr- Saber Sabr-
Poder Podr-
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Superlatives
• Use when giving most or least of something• Mas + Adjective = The Most…• Menos + Adjective = The Least…
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Formal Commands
• Put into yo form• Change the vowel– -ar goes to “e”– -Er/-ir goes to “a”
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Prepositions
• Abajo-Below• Arriba-Up• Debajo-Beneath• Dentro-Within• Encima-Above• Fuera-outside• Detras-Behind• Lejos-far away• De lante-in front• Izquierda-left• Derecha-right
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Conditional• Don’t conjugate• -ar, -er, and –ir.• Always an accent over the first I.
• Ex: Hablar– Hablaria– Hablarias– Hablaria– Hablariamos– Hablariais– Hablarian
yo
•-ia
tu
•-ias
el
•-ia
Nosotos
•-iamos
Vosotros
•-iais
Ellos
•-ian
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DemonstrativesThis That That Over ThereEste(m); Esta(f) Ese(m); Esa(f) Aquel(m); Aquella(f)
This That That over thereEstos(m); Estas(f) Esos(m); Esas(f) Aquellos(m); Aquellas(f)
Singular
Plural
• Are placed before the noun and agree in number and gender with the noun.• Ex: this restaurent= este restaurante
• Aqui*- Here• Alli*- There• Alla*- Over there
• * = Accent marks on last letter