2nd semester grammar book 2

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2 nd semester Grammar book By: Tyler Tracy

Transcript of 2nd semester grammar book 2

Page 1: 2nd semester grammar book 2

2nd semester Grammar book

By: Tyler Tracy

Page 2: 2nd semester grammar book 2

Contents• Imperfecto• Preterite

– -car, -gar, -zar– Spock– Cucaracha– Snake/Snake

• Modal verbs• Los Averbos• Progressive Tense

– Present– Past

• Future Tense– Irregulares

• Superlatives• Formal commands• Prepositions• Conditional• Demonstratives

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El Imperfecto

• Yo• Tu• El/ ella• Nosotros• Vosotros• Ellos/Ellas

Ar

• aba• Abas• Aba• Abamos• Abais• aban

er

• ia• Ias• Ia• Iamos• Iais• Ian

ir

• ia• Ias• Ia• Iamos• Iais• ian

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Irregular preterite: -car, -gar, -zarpreterite tocar Jugar comenzar

Ar/er&ir -car -gar -zar

e/I Toque* Jugue* Comence*

Aste/iste Tocaste Jugaste Comenzaste

o/o Toco* Jugo* Comenzo*

Amos/imos Tocamos Jugamos Comenzaoms

Aron/ieron Tocaron Jugaron Comenzaron

* Means hyphen over last letter

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Spock

Hacer

Ser Ir

Dar

Ver

d/v:

-I-ist

e-io

-imos

-ieron

FuiFuiste

FueFuimosFueron

HiceHistaHizo

HicimosHicieron

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Cucaracha

• Andar: Anduv-• Estar: Estuv-• Poder: Pud-• Poner: Pus- • Querer: Quis-• Saber: Sup-• Tener: Tuv-• Venir: Vin-

• Yo: -e• Tu: -iste• El/Ella: -o• Nosotros: -imos• Vosotros: -isteis• Ellos: -ieron

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Cucaracha’s cont.

• Decir: Dijo-• Traer: Traj-• Conducir: Conduj-• Producir: Produj-• Traducir: Traduj-

With these, when there is an ‘I’ that begins the conjugation, you drop the ‘I’

• Yo: -e• Tu: -iste• El/Ella: -o• Nosotros: -imos• Vosotros: -isteis• Ellos: -ieron

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Snake/Snake*=accent

• Dormir– Dormi*– Dormimos– Dormiste– Durmio* (over i)– Dumerieron

• Leer– Lei*– Leiste* (over i)– Leyo*– Leimos– Leyeron

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Modal Verbs

• Ir + a + infinitive (going to do something)• Poder + infinitive (are able to do something)• Querer + infinitive (want to do something)• Deber + infinitive (should do something)• Tener que + infinitive (to have to do

something)• Soler + infinitive (to be accustomed to…)• Necesitar + infinitive

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Los Adverbos

• Add –mente to all the verbs– Feliz=Happy– Felizmente= Happily

• Change into feminine form (-a)– Lento=Slow– Lentamenta=Slowly

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Progressive Tense(present and past)

-ando

-ar -iendo

er-yendo

ir

Estoy* Estas* Esta*

Estamos Estais* Estan

Present

Past

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Future Tense*=accent mark over the vowel

Yo -e*

-as*

-a*

-emos

-an*

Infinitive +

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Future Irregulares

These conjugate with future tense(on previous slide)

Decir Dir- Hacer Har-

Poner Pondr- Salir Saldr-

Tener Tendr- Valer Vendr-

Querer Querr- Saber Sabr-

Poder Podr-

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Superlatives

• Use when giving most or least of something• Mas + Adjective = The Most…• Menos + Adjective = The Least…

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Formal Commands

• Put into yo form• Change the vowel– -ar goes to “e”– -Er/-ir goes to “a”

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Prepositions

• Abajo-Below• Arriba-Up• Debajo-Beneath• Dentro-Within• Encima-Above• Fuera-outside• Detras-Behind• Lejos-far away• De lante-in front• Izquierda-left• Derecha-right

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Conditional• Don’t conjugate• -ar, -er, and –ir.• Always an accent over the first I.

• Ex: Hablar– Hablaria– Hablarias– Hablaria– Hablariamos– Hablariais– Hablarian

yo

•-ia

tu

•-ias

el

•-ia

Nosotos

•-iamos

Vosotros

•-iais

Ellos

•-ian

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DemonstrativesThis That That Over ThereEste(m); Esta(f) Ese(m); Esa(f) Aquel(m); Aquella(f)

This That That over thereEstos(m); Estas(f) Esos(m); Esas(f) Aquellos(m); Aquellas(f)

Singular

Plural

• Are placed before the noun and agree in number and gender with the noun.• Ex: this restaurent= este restaurante

• Aqui*- Here• Alli*- There• Alla*- Over there

• * = Accent marks on last letter