AD-A257 243

Research Product 92-09 DTICSELECTE

S OCT 2 7 1992

CMultiple-Station Range Target System

Operations Manual

92- 28055September 1992

Fort Bliss Field Unit

Training Systems Research Division

U.S. Army Research Institute for the Behavioral and Social Sciences

Approved for public re""; ditribution is unlimirted.

U.S. ARMY RESEARCH INSTITUTE

FOR THE BEHAVIORAL AND SOCIAL SCIENCES

A Field Operating Agency Under the Jurisdiction

of the Deputy Chief of Staff for Personnel

EDGAR M. JOHNSON MICHAEL D. SHALERTechnical Director COL, AR

Commanding

Research accomplished under contractfor the Department of the Army

Science Applications International Corp.

Technical review by

Major Danny H. Davis - _ ,

Donald B. Headley NT::. - 4A A.

Ju:tif Let i OIL-

S... .. 4' * .* -

t

NOTICES

FINAL DISPOSITION: This Research Product may be destroyed when it is no longer needed.Please do not return it to the U.S. Army Research Institute for the Behavioral and Social Sciences.

NOTE: This Research Product is not to be construed as an official Department of the Armyposition, unless so designated by other authorized documents.

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luic reoor.--t) rc .e" fc~imtai 3ectionof ilnlorrmator cv stmatec to aefage Tfhour cer resaarse, including Mce time for reviewina instructicrts. searz"-C4! es1 i aza sc-u'z-l.alt'her-r. arco fafnitar•lrig the ejaa neede. and corrnoetliin and revsiel•.n te .ohlectlon of information Send comments recararng this burden estimate c,. 3n *'e e• t t- scollecticn It inf3rmatiC '. ;,:lC.=r; suggestions ?or rfcuan. rons ource- t. rlasniontlon HNeaad arter•Sevices. Directorate for information O eratio ns and eeo $ " , ,Davis mignwai. Sue 1204 Arfir•',. V- 22202-,302. ana ic "eCt 4 Cfice t,:f %lanagement and Buaget. Paperworc Reduction Project (0704-0188), Wasinaton. DC -^K3

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1992, September I Final Aug'90 - Aug 924. TITLE AND SUBTITLE 5. FUNDING NUMBERS

Multiple-Station Range Target System Operations MDA963-85-C-0460

Manual 63007A

6. AUTHOR(S) 1201Col

Berry, Gene (SAIC)

7. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES) 8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION

Science Applications International Corp. REPORT NUMBER

5959 Gateway West, Suite 542 01-0426-07-0681-090-1El Paso, TX 79925

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Social SciencesATTN: PERI-IB ARI Research Product5001 Eisenhower Avenue 92-09Alexandria, VA 22333-5600

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Contracting Officer's Representative, John M. Lockhart

12a. DISTRIBUTION/AVAILABILITY STATEMENT 12b. DISTRIBUTION CODE

Approved for public release;distribution is unlimited.

13. ABSTRACT (Maximum 200 words)The Multiple-Station Range Target System (RTS) is a high-fidelity engagement

simulator. Short Range Air Defense (SHORAD) and Forward Area Air Defense System(FAADS) crews employ their actual weapons in simulated or live-fire engagement ofsubscale, fixed-wing and rotary-wing aircraft. RTS permits training and evaluationof individuals, crews, and platoons; provides detailed crew performance scoring andfeedback; and can be moved from one location to another and rapidly deployed for anew training exercise or test application.

This operations manual describes the major RTS components (targets, rangecontrol station, data acquisition station, position-location station, and laserballistics simulator); RTS set-up procedures; RTS system preparation and installationprocedures; and RTS operations, rmaintenance, and supply. Two separately publishedannexes to this manual exist. Annex 1 describes the Pop-Up Target System operationsand maintenance. Annex 2 describes the Flying Target System operations andmaintenance. These three manuals contain the minimum documentation needed to supportRTS.

14. SUBJECT TERMS 15. NUMBER OF PAGESShort Range Air Defense (SHORAD) Stinger 109Engagement simulation Chaparral 16. PRICE CODEFAAD Vulcan --

17. SECURITY CLASSIFICATION 18. SECURITY CLASSIFICATION 19. SECURITY CLASSIFICATION 20. LIMITATION OF ABSTRACTOF REPORT OF THIS PAGE OF ABSTRACTUnclassified Unclassified Unclassified Unlimited

NSN 7540-01-280-5500 Standard Form 298 (Rev 2-89)i Prwscbed by ANSI Std Z39-16290-102

Research Product 92-09

Multiple-Station Range Target System

Operations Manual

Gene BerryScience Applications International Corp.

Field Unit at Fort Bliss, TexasMichael H. Strub, Chief

Training Systems Research DivisionJack H. Hiller, Director

U.S. Army Research Institute for the Behavioral and Social Sciences5001 Eisenhower Avenue, Alexandria, Virginia 22333-5600

Office, Deputy Chief of Staff for PersonnelDepartment of the Army

September 1992

Army Project Number Human Factors in Training and20263007A793 Operational Effectiveness

Approved for public release; dtribution Is unlimited.

INl

FOREWORD

The Soldier-System Effectiveness Team of the Fort BlissField Unit of the U.S. Army Research Institute for the Behavioraland Social Sciences (ARI) performs research and development inhuman performance issues relevant to improving Army Air Defenseeffectiveness.

Currently, the team is completing a research task entitled"Forward Area Air Defense (FAAD) Performance During EngagementOperations in a Chemical Environment." The research is funded bythe Physiological and Psychological Effects of the Nuclear, Bio-logical, and Chemical Environment and Sustained Operations onSystems in Combat (P2NBe) Office, U.S. Army Chemical School, FortMcClellan. The proponent agency for this research is the Direc-torate of Combat Developments at the U.S. Army Air Defense Artil-lery School (USAADASCH) at Fort Bliss. A Memorandum of Agreementcovering this research project was signed on 7 November 1991 byUSAADASCH and ARI.

The research program uses the Multiple-Station Range TargetSystem (RTS) as a testbed. The Multiple-Station RTS is a cost-effective modification of the RTS described in ARI Research Prod-ucts 91-01, 91-02, and 91-03. Short Range Air Defense (SHORAD)and Forward Area Air Defense System (FAADS) crews employ theiractual weapons or training devices in simulated or live-fireengagement of subscale, fixed-wing and rotary-wing aircraft inthe RTS high-fidelity engagement simulator.

This Research Product is an operations manual for theMultiple-Station RTS and describes the major RTS components,set-up procedures, system preparation and installation proce-dures, operations, and maintenance and supply requirements.

The RTS has utility as a research testbed and as an AirDefense doctrine and training evaluation bed.

EDGAR M. JTechnical Director

v

MULTIPLE-STATION RANGE TARGET SYSTEM OPERATIONS MANUAL

CONTENTS

Page

INTRODUCTION. ................... ......................... 1

Manual Format . ............................ ....... 1System Description. ........... .................. 2Feedback . . . . . . . . . . . . .............. 3Major RTS Components ...................... 4RTS Procedures Overview......... .................. 12

RTS SETUP.. . AD N..T.A..... . ..................... 15

Maintain Support Files... ...................... 16View RTS Fixed Parameters....... . ................ 20maintain scenarios ......................... 21MaintainrPositions . . ow . o . . . . o o . ..o. .. . 23RTS Tools . . o . . o . . . . . . . . . . o. . . . . . 26

SYSTEM PREPARATION AND INSTALLATION ................ 29

SelectingaSite .............. .. o . . . . . . . . 29Unpacking the RTS o . . o o . . . . .. . . .... ..... 31System Cabling . .S oo . ..... .. o. .. ........ o 732System Startupand Shutdown D Operation ...... . 36SystemaRegistrationem . . opo . ............. o . 38

RANGE TARGET SYSTEM (RTS) OPERATIONS o.. .......... 41

Software Overview . . o o . o o . o . . . . . . o . o 41Menu Examples o o . . . . . . . . . . o... .. ....... 43Range Control Station (RCS) Operations . o . . o . o 47Data Acquisition Station (DAS) Operations ................. 66Position-Location Station (PLS) Operations.............. 80Laser Ballistics Simulator (LES) Operations ............ 86Pop-up Target System (PTS) operations . . . o o . . . . 86Flying Target System (FTS) operations.o.....................86Post-Processing Operations .o .oo . . . o . . o... .... 87

MAINTENANCE AND SUPPLY . . o . . .. .. .. .. . .. .. 91

Maintenance Support o............ o o o . . o. . 91

vii

CONTENTS (Continued)

Page

RELATED USER DOCUMENTATION ................... 91

Field Manuals ............... ..................... 91Technical Manuals ................... .................. 92Miscellaneous Publications (Hardware) . ......... 92Miscellaneous Publications (Software) ... ......... 93Miscellaneous References ........ ................ .. 94Nomenclature Cross-Reference ...... .............. .. 94

REFERENCES ................. ........................ 95

LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS ............ 95

GLOSSARY . . . ............................ 97

LIST OF TABLES

Table 1. List of Procedures in RTS Operations ......... 14

LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 1. RTS configuration ....... ........... 5

2. Flying Target System. . ........... . 7

3. Pop-up Target System. . ........... . 8

4. Range Control Station ....................... 9

5. Data Acquisition Station ... ........... .. 10

6. Position-Location Station . . . . . .. . . . 11

7. Laser Ballistics Simulator ... .......... 13

8. RTS setup main menu ...... ............. .. 15

9. Support files menu . . ............ 16

10. Weapons type maintenance . . .......... 17

11. ADA table maintenance ........ ............ . 17

12. Flying target model maintenance ....... .. 18

13. PHTS target model maintenance ........ .. 18

viii

CONTENTS (Continued)

Page

Figure 14. RTS stations maintenance . . ................. 19

15. Setup criteria view/maintenance .............. 19

16. Re-index files utility .... ................ 20

17. Fixed parameters .. ........ ............. 21

18. Scenario maintenance (FTS options) ...... 22

19. Scenario maintenance (PHTS options) ..... 22

20. Scenario maintenance (alternativescenario option) . . . . ............... 23

21. Positions maintenance ...... ............ 24

22. Positions maintenance (DAS option) ...... 25

23. Range layout diagram .... ............. .. 26

24. Tools main menu ....... ............... .. 27

25. RTS range layout .. ....... ............... 30

26. RTS system cabling diagram ............. 33

27. PLS cabling diagram . . . . ............ 35

28. LBS cabling diagram ..... ............. .. 35

29. Generator control console .... .......... 36

30. Pan tilt & camera controls ........... 37

31. Laser control unit (PLS and LBS) ....... .. 38

32. DAS main power switch ..... ............ 38

33. Menu description and instruction ....... .. 42

34. Main menu to sub menus ..... ............ 44

35. Sub menus to main menu ..... ............ 45

36. Exit RTS prompt .... ............... 46

37. RCS main menu ...... .................. 47

ix

CONTENTS (Continued)

Page

Figure 38. Test menu ............ .................. 47

39. PTS selection menu .......... . . . . . 48

40. PTS commands menu o .. . . . . . . ....... 49

41. Orientation prompt . . . . . . ........ 49

42. Orientation status . . . . . . ........ s50

43. Status request ......... ................... 50

44. PLS commands menu .............. 51

45. PLS track window ....... ............... .. 51

46. Launch position number o . . .......... 52

47. PLS status window . ...... ........... 52

48. Calibration menu . . . ........... . . 53

49. Select scenario menu . . . . ............. 54

50. Select scenario prompt . ............. 54

51. Scenario parameters . . . . . . . . . . . .. 55

52. FTS scale prompt . . . . ............. 56

53. Launch number prompt . . . . ............. 56

54. PTS download . . . o .. . . . . . . ....... 57

55. DAS download . . . . . .............. 57

56. Scenario setup . . . ................ 58

57. RCS realtime range fan display . . . . . . .. 58

58. Scenario upload ............... 60

59. Scenario release . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60

60. Feedback menu . . . ... . . . . . . . . 61

61. Trial crew prompt .. . . . ...... 62

x

CONTENTS (Continued)

Page

Figure 62. Trial scenario prompt ........................ 62

63. Trial repetition prompt ...................... 63

64. Trial feedback screen ........................ 63

65. Score option ........... ................. 64

66. Offload menu . . . . ............... 64

67. AWSD option .. . . . . ......... . 65

68. DBF option . .................... 65

69. DAS main menu . . . . .............. 66

70. Test menu ..................... . . .... 66

71. Weapon test .. . . . . ......... . 67

72. Calibrate menu ...... ............. 68

73. PTS selection . . . ... ............. 69

74. Up command .. . . . . . ......... 69

75. Unmasked command . . ................. 70

76. Raised command ... . . . . . . .... . 70

77. Down command .... . . . . . . .... . 70

78. Masked command .. .......... . . . .... 71

79. Status . .. .. .o. .. .. .. .. .. ... 71

80. SSN menu .... . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72

81. Squad leader SSN . .... . . . . . . . . 73

82. Gunner SSN . . . . . . . . .............. 73

83. Remote mode ... . . . . . .. ... . . 74

84. Waiting for start ... . . . . . . . . 74

85. Realtime . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . 75

xi

CONTENTS (Continued)

Page

Figure 86. PTS data entry window . . ............. 76

87. PTS and FTS realtime. ................... .. 76

88. FTS data entry window ...... ............ 76

89. Feedback menu .................... 78

90. Feedback . . .................. . 78

91. PLS main menu . ... ............... 80

92. PLS test menu .............................. 80

93. Target tracking window ... .. .......... 81

94. Semi-auto and off track labels ............ . 82

95. PLS trackball console ........... .. 82

96. "Automatic" label ..... ..... .. . 83

97. "Manual" label . . . . ............... 83

98. Laser "Failed" label o............ 84

99. Position prompt . . .......... . . 85

100. Orientation window ............. . 85

101. Scoring crew numbers . . . .o. . . . . 87

102. Scoring report . .......... . . . 89

xii

MULTIPLE-STATION RANGE TARGET SYSTEM OPERATIONS MANUAL

Introductiou

Manual Format

Introduction. This chapter begins with a description of theformat and use of this manual. This chapter also describes theRTS, its major components, and the performance feedback generatedby the system. The chapter concludes with a list of the primaryprocedures in the order in which they are conducted. Theseprocedures are referenced according to where they are describedin the manual.

RTS setuD. This chapter provides information on how tocreate scenarios and scenario sets. Interactive menus used withthe RTS setup program are shown and described. Also included isinformation on the specification of conditions and constants tobe enforced during training applications.

System preparation and installation. This chapter providesinformation on getting the RTS ready for use. Instructions areprovided on choosing a location for the RTS, unpacking theequipment, emplacing the RTS components, connecting the RTSstations, registering the locations of RTS components, andenergizing the RTS stations.

Operations. This chapter explains the sequence ofprocedures performed during the conduct of an RTS trainingapplication. System start-up, operate, and shut-down proceduresare described. Interactive menus used during operations arepresented and described according to each of the system stations.Subsections include information on energizing the system, testingand calibrating system components, initializing scenarios,performing realtime operations, and post-processing data.

Maintenance and supply. This chapter provides informationon obtaining maintenance service and support. Included isinformation about contractor-provided maintenance and availablecustomer-support assistance. Also included are recommendedsupplies and provisioning lists to ensure the operationalreliability of the system and related vendor documentation onthe various off-the-shelf components provided with the system.

Glossary. This chapter provides definition of termsused throughout this manual.

List of abbreviations and acronyms. This chapter provides alist of the abbreviations and acronyms used throughout thismanual.

References. This chapter provides a list of referencescited in the text.

1

Syvstem Description

RTS is a high-fidelity Short Range Air Defense (SHORAD) andForward Area Air Defense (FAAD) engagement simulator. RTS isused to conduct Engagement Simulation Exercises (ESX) or LiveFire Exercises (LFX) for 14- and 16-Series (14S, 16P, 16R, 16S)Military Occupational Specialties (MOS). Thus, RTS can beemployed using the Line-of-Sight Rear (Avenger), the ChaparralMissile System, the Product Improved Vulcan Air Defense System(PIVADS), the Basic Vulcan Gun System, or the Stinger ManPortable Air Defense System (MANPADS). MOS 14S, 16P, 16R, and16S trainees, PFCs, SP4s, and SGTs, and 14S, 16P and 16R SSGTsare responsible for engaging enemy aircraft. As of December1987, these personnel constituted 56.5 percent of all enlistedair defenders. The RTS, designed to be a crew engagementtraining and evaluation system for these personnel, can thereforeaddress the training requirements for over half the Army AirDefense population.

RTS has the capability to be moved from one location toanother and to be rapidly emplaced for a new training exercise ortest application. RTS allows the training of individuals, crews,and platoons and the evaluation of individual crew taskperformance and collective crew summary performance. RTS alsoprovides detailed crew performance scoring and feedback, whichcan be scenario-specific or averaged over several scenarios.

RTS can be used in combination with air defense engagementrange tables provided with the system to enable thequalification of SHORAD and Forward Area Air Defense System(FAADS) personnel. These range tables are based on difficulty-scaled scenarios and approved performance standards. Using RTSalong with the range tables enables the evaluation of soldierstrengths and weaknesses and aids in focusing subsequentremediation and sustainment training.

RTS is the direct result of several years of field testsusiny the Realistic Air Defense Engagement System (RADES). Thisair defense research was conducted jointly by the U.S. ArmyResearch Institute (ARI) and Science Applications InternationalCorporation (SAIC). Through this research and the subsequentRTS validation effort, RTS and RADES have been shown to be validtest and training simulators. They have generated the data usedto derive and validate performance standards for air defense, andhave enabled the identification of engagement task workloadindexes and the subsequent determination of training and testscenario difficulty levels.

2

Feedback

Immediate feedback is available to the trainee in terms oftask performance and engagement outcomes. The same feedback isavailable to the instructor-evaluator. Feedback is provided fortraining and test purposes since the instructor, researcher, orevaluator will require continuous task and summary feedback onthe exercising troops, and the trainee will require knowledge ofresults of his responses.

Feedback is needed when any of the following conditionsexist: the range tables are to be employed for qualification andcertification of soldiers; soldier performance will be comparedto standards to identify strengths and weaknesses; the instructorwants to determine the skill level of the soldiers for varyinglevels of scenario difficulty; research will be conducted todetermine experimental effects on performance; or the practicingcrew requires knowledge of results to improve engagementperformance. The system can operate with the immediate feedbackcapability disabled, if repeated practice without feedback isdesired for a given application.

Performance feedback is available for every target presentedin a scenario. Feedback on the following team leader events isprovided in terms of target range and elapsed time: detection,identification, and command to engage or cease fire. Feedback onthe following gunner events is provided in terms of target rangeand elapsed time: acquisition, interrogation, lock-on,superelevation, fire, reattack. Jome of these events are weapon-specific. The following collective summary feedback is alsoprovided: identification accuracy, friends and hostiles engaged,engaged aircraft destroyed, friends and hostiles killed, andhostiles releasing ordnance.

In ESX mode, gun systems can be equipped with a LaserSimulator to permit the scoring of ballistics effects. The laseris mounted on the weapon and runs off weapon system power. Eachtime the weapon trigger is depressed, the number of bursts,rounds on target, target range, average miss distance, andaverage hit point are calculated, displayed, and recorded.Additionally, the gunner receives accurate simulation of thetracer round through the sight reticle of the weapon.

Feedback can be provided in both ESX and LFX modes.However, the LFX mode applies only to 20Mm gun systems. The onlydifference in the hardware configuration between ESX and LFXmodes is that a Bullet Counter is included in LFX mode, insteadof the Laser Simulator, for assessing gun system hits. Bulletcounter sensing devices relay target hit information to theground station, located at the Range Control Station (RCS)position, for each burst of fire. Bullet counting devices andservices are not part of the RTS system. They are available atlive-fire ranges if requested.

3

Feedback can also be provided with respect to target visualeffects signatures, which indicate hits levied on a target by anengaging crew. The realtime engagement effects assessmentprogram is able to determine whether or not a kill will occur,given the flight path or position of the target, the trajectoryof the round, and the elapsed time since missile or round launch.Kill and hit effects signatures are not released from eitherstand helicopters or flying targets during LFX applications.When multiple fire units are engaging the same threat in ESX, theeffects signatures are disabled.

Visual engagement effects signatures are manually releasedon flying targets by signals transmitted by the pilots. Thesystem operator will order the target pilot to "release effects"if a kill was awarded. The pilot activates a switch on histransmitter, uplinking a command to inject oil into theaircraft's exhaust system. The smoldering oil produces the smokesignature which indicates a "kill."

Effects signatures are automatically released under softwareprogram control on all pop-up helicopter targets. For RTS pop-uphelicopter targets, the program determines whether the targetwill be unmasked (i.e., available) at the time of round ormissile intercept. The program already knows the helicopterposition, and controls when the target will unmask and mask. Ifa kill is assessed on a pop-up helicopter, the program willautomatically send the effects release command to thathelicopter. This causes the helicopter to emit the standardsmoke signature and to become masked. Smoke and sudden masking,indicate a kill. If a miss is determined, a smoke signature willnot be evident, and the target will remain raised until itreceives the prescripted lower command.

For missile systems, (i.e., Avenger, Chaparral and Stinger)a kill is awarded if all gunner actions captured from the weaponsystem are correct (such as acquire, lock, superelevate and fire,for the Stinger). For gun systems (i.e., Vulcan and PIVADS), akill is awarded according to the number of rounds on target. Fora medium difficulty scenario, it takes at least 8 rounds ontarget to be awarded a kill. The only other factors that canprevent a kill from occurring would be if the target was out ofweapon range, was masked at the time of missile or roundintercept, or was in the weapon system's dead zone.

Maior RTS Comuonents

Figure 1 depicts a block diagram of the RTS configuration.The primary components include the Flying Target Systems (FTS),the Pop-up Target Systems (PTS), the Range Control Station (RCS),the Data Acquisition Station (DAS), and the Position LocationStation (PLS).

4

TOW]EDVULVULC_ _

RMIP/BASIC STINGER

0bPMS IAVENGERt SUPPORTEDCHPRA

WEAPONS

POP-UP DATA FLYINGTARGET' ACQUISITION TARGETSYSTEM R STATION SYSTEMWrs) (DAS) (MIS)

RF LASERBEAM

....... ....-....-..-.....-.......... -.. ............. ...... ...... ---------------

RAS TRAILER

a RF

LASERA

COTOPOCATON LC•NSsn 'SSiAiiON aOM • •1i9R.

Figure 1. RTS configuration.

5

Talaets. RTS currently uses 1/5 scale rotary andfixed-wing targets, although other scales are accommodated. Alltargets represent actual NATO or WARSAW PACT aircraft. Aircraftare camouflaged, three dimensional, molded fiberglass replicas.They are either flown remotely according to prescribed flightpaths and maneuvers or pop-up from designated positions viastand-lift devices.

Scale targets offer several advantages over full scale, thegreatest being cost savings. Unlike full scale aircraft, scaletargets are very inexpensive to operate, repair and maintain, andrequire few resources to support them. Scale targets do not haveinherent logistical, planning, and time constraints associatedwith their employment. Thus, they are more dependable. Anotheradvantage is the reduction in range space required (1/5 of theusual space). Further, scale targets are extremely reliable. Asmany as 30 flights per flying aircraft have been performed withminor repairs. Pop-up targets may last indefinitely. Becausescale targets are smaller and therefore closer to the controlarea, scenarios can be replicated with greater accuracy to ensureconsistency, and can be completed in a shorter time to enablemaximum training efficiency.

The use of scaled targets has been validated several times(Barber, 1987; Drewfs, Barber, Johnson, & Frederickson, 1988).Scale targets elicit engagement performance representative oftheir full scale counterparts. That is, responses to scaletargets were shown to be not significantly different fromresponses to full scale aircraft, given similar test conditions(Barber, 1987; Drewfs, et al., 1988). Additionally, tests usingscaled targets repeatedly have generated equivalent performanceresults, thereby demonstrating consistency over time (Barber,1987; Drewfs, et al., 1988).

RTS uses 1/5 scale targets for a number of reasons. The 1/5scale aircraft have greater payload than smaller scales. Thisenables them to carry special instrumentation necessary forvarious field test applications. This scale also allows moreaccurate visual representation without compromising aircraftstability and maneuverability. Further, 1/5 scale allows weaponssuch as the Vulcan to engage a target at simulated full scaleweapon range, without being outside of the normal range envelopein actual distance (i.e., will activate the ready-to-fireindicator at ranges as close as 200 meters, representing 1kilometer in full scale).

Flying Targets are radio-controlled sub-scale aircraft thatare part of the Flying Target System (FTS) (see Figure 2). TheFTS requires highly trained radio control pilots and maintenancepersonnel to support it.

6

Launchdr with Fmxd wing Target mounted

RF Antenna (voie) RF Antenna (taret)

Raft (Vk)

Figure 2. Flying Target System.

7

Helicopter targets are mounted on Pop-up Target Systems(PTS). The PTS are self-contained in their own towable trailers(see Figure 3). The PTS provides the means for the rotary wingtarget to simulate a pop-up and hover maneuver. The PTS connectsto the RCS via RF Data link. This data link provides the abilityfor remote control of the PTS. PTS can be used under automatic(scenario-driven) or manual (operator-induced) control. Up to 12

PTS can be used at one time in the RTS.

I

Figure 3. Pop-up Target System.

8

Range Control Station (RCS). The RCS is the central controlpoint for all RTS operations (see Figure 4). The RCS is thestation where system test and calibration checks, initializationof the system, realtime functions, performance scoring, andprinting are initiated. The RCS is portable, allowing the userto easily relocate the base of operations.

The RCS consists of a computer with monitor and keyboard, ahardcopy printer, a color camera monitor, and a trackball (thecamera monitor and trackball are components of the PLS, they arelocated with the RCS for ease of system operations).

A Radio Frequency (RF) Modem, provides a data communicationslink between the RCS and the PTS and DAS.

PRV4=E _

arm= _VI_ CAMERA MONITOR*PA~rTOFL

TRACKBALL""'ART OF PLS

MONITOR

KEY BOARD

Figure 4. Range Control Station.

9

Data A&auisition Station (DAS}. The DAS (see Figure 5)captures all of the Squad Leader and Gunner engagement task andweapon events as a function of elapsed time and aircraft range.Effects scoring and assessment of kills are also performed at theDAS. The DAS provides scenario feedback on these events. The DASconsists of a station computer with monitor and keyboard, aWeapon System Interface (WSI), and a Uninterruptable Power Supply(UPS).

The DAS is connected to the RCS for purposes of datacommunications, using cable or RF data link. The weapon systeminterface connects the DAS to the weapon system. It handles allcritical weapon inputs regardless of the SHORAD weapon system inuse. Weapon inputs to the DAS are tested prior to the start of atest or training application using the test panel on the WSI.This device is used to verify that all weapon data acquisitionfunctions at the DAS are operating properly prior to the actualhook-up of the weapon.

The DAS is usually manned by an instructor-evaluator. Up to8 DAS with weapons can be simultaneously supported by RTS.

MONITOR

DATACOMMUNICATONS

S-- , I MERFACECOMPUrER ONr

Figure 5. Data Acquisition Station.

10

Position-Location station jpLe). The PLS (see Figure 6) isused for two key purposes. First, it is used to register (groundlocate) the RCS, the DAS, the PTS, and the FTS launch positions.Second, it is used to track and range flyable targets during ascenario. The PLS has the ability to detect, acquire, and trackflyable targets automatically. However, it can also be operatedmanually using the trackball.

-----------------------------------

cOMLASER

CAMER** MOIJIU ~ PAN-TILTO

7RANSwORTThALZR

LU- -----------

FigureOM 6. TositionLocationStation

PANTLTCAMRA ----------------

The PLS consists of a computer with monitor and keyboard, alaser unit, laser retro-reflectors, a long range wide-angle colorcamera, a camera color monitor, a special purpose laser computer,a pan-tilt assembly and control, a trackball, a UPS, RF modem,and voice radio.

Laser Ballistics Simulator (LBS). RTS includes additionalcapabilities for use with Vulcan and PIVADS weapons duringengagement simulation exercises. One such capability is themeasurement and feedback of number of bursts, rounds-on-target,mean miss distance and direction, and central hit point. Anotheris through-the-reticle flyout of tracer rounds in a high-fidelityballistic simulation at the weapon. All these capabilities areprovided by the SAAB BT-53 Laser Simulator, which is interfacedto the DAS.

The LBS (see Figure 7) consists of a laser unit, specialpurpose laser computer, tracer unit, elevation sensor unit,trigger device unit, feedback control unit, and power supply.All of these devices are mounted on the 20mm gun system, andprovide a very powerful free play capability, while alsoextending the gun system scoring capabilities of the RTS.

RTS Procedures Overviev

The three major areas of operation follow.

Svstem Drenarations. This involves the startup of thesystem, the test and calibration of system components to verifyoperability, the entering of crew identification information, andthe selection of scenarios to run.

Realtime oDerations. This involves the actual execution ofscenarios, the collection and upload of data from the weapons andsoldiers, and the scoring of performance for immediate feedbackto the troops on a trial-by-trial basis.

Post-processina operations. This involves the aggregationof performance data after the execution of one or more scenarios,or an entire training or test application. Summary feedback isgenerated and reports on performance are output to the printer.System shutdown is the last procedure to be performed.

Table 1 lists the primary procedures in the orderin which they are normally performed. Included is a reference tothe section in this manual where the procedures are described indetail.

12

!DBACK CONTROL LINrr

SPECIAL PqURPOSLASER COMPFL~r

ELEVATION SENSOR UNIT

MWUGGER DEVICE UNIT POWO SUPPLY

Figure 7. Laser Ballistics Simulator.

13

Table I

List of Procedures in RTS Operations

PROCEDURE PAGES

Set Up RTS Software Files 15 through 26

(RTSETUP)

Selecting a Site 28 through 30

Unpacking the RTS 30 through 31

System Cabling 31 through 34

System Startup and Shutdown 35 through 37

System Registration 37 through 39

PTS Test (RCS) 47 through 49

PLS Test (RCS) 50 through 52

PLS Test (PLS) 79 through 84

PTS Calibrate (DAS) 65 through 70

Run Test Scenario (Mixed) 53 through 59(RCS)

Weapon System Test (DAS) 65 through 67

Input Crew's SSN (DAS) 71 through 72

Realtime (RCS) 53 through 59

Enter Realtime Data (DAS) 72 through 76

Scenario Feedback (DAS) 77 through 78

Scenario Feedback (RCS) 60 through 63

Scoring Report (RCS) 86 through 87

Offload (RCS) 87 through 88

14

RTS Setup

RTS setup must be performed to configure data files used inRTS. Run RTS setup to identify the weapon system to be used, thelocation of stations and PHTS, the scenarios to be run, and thetraining or test conditions. These data are input into the RCScomputer. This is done only once for a given application. Thedata are changed only when there is a change in weapon type, theuser wishes to add scenarios to the scenario library, or RTScomponents are to be relocated. This section describes theprocedures for specifying the constants, scenarios, weapon, andtarget descriptions.

Unpack the RCS station computer (computer, monitor andkeyboard) and printer (refer to System Preparation andInstallation Section). Attach the computer and printer, and plugthem into a 115 volt power source (refer to vendor manuals on thecomputer and printer for more information). The RCS willautomatically boot itself, resulting in the display of the mainmenu. Press the <<ESC>> key. A message will ask if RTS is to beterminated; answering "Yes" will automatically return the RCS tothe operating system.

To enter the RTS setup program, type "RTSETUP" at the RCSkeyboard after the operating system prompt (-) and press<<ENTER>>. This will result in the display of the RTS setup mainmenu (see below). Select the desired utility by typing theletter which corresponds to the option.

f mamk &at Ma

WOr nie 6

Figure 8. RTS setup main menu.

15

Maintain Supnort Files

This is the first option in the main menu (option "A").Select this option to add, delete, edit and view any selectionlisted on the menu (see Figure 9).

uumawi. em..st~w

O@/2s/gm " 3= V1 10811801

S t maintain Weapons TDes"MOO BOLLO"1I JUX%*IS- CadCP. URAmtALm 3at

VIP I1UtiS1D Critelagam3.. 3.-@WSUC VIIO ZOISOAMu

Figure 9. Support files menu.

Select the "Maintain Weapons Types" (option "A") from thesupport Files Menu to specify the weapon(s) to be used (seeFigure 10). Press the <<F2>> key to add weapons. To delete aweapon press <<F3>>, and to recall an item press <<F4>>. Theweapon number is displayed on the left of the screen. Thecurrent weapon type being edited will be displayed on the right.Scrolling through the numbers on the left (using the up or downarrow keys) will result in a change in the descriptions on theright to correspond with the weapon number highlighted. To edita selection, press <<ENTER>> when the highlighter is on theappropriate weapon code number. Scroll through the options onthe right and make any desired changes. There is onerestriction: the available codes for Projectile Type are shownat the bottom left of the display (see Figure 10).

am

Ctassafied date are not to be entered into Is systm.

16

kMsounwzio GaenoXsto

02/26/92 OUap@M e ijienmame m.o0:1i.47 o-

a M0470eOy.co3 AtIYAOWe "wab K UiW~ :e e : :'. : uouw4VuloeMn Pzea.1 type. 235ailist

5 IrVA 20M GMMa' M=VO 00/etG AVINm Kim8 .n Range ... 3 2OO/Meters

Veloa ty. a 500/Rftzs/3aWire~ant .8 1Aquiot-n

sits eiKll.a 1t Kil

I,2-,Uellutia3 d _

IUS-sit t4-rrus 1,Up i-al 2-~dlS belt14U@l ..... t Edit ' I tl

Figure 10. Weapons type maintenance.

The "Maintain ADA Table Codes" (option "B") of the SupportFiles Menu is for identifying applicable range tables (seeFigure 11). These tables represent the annual qualificationtests for Stinger, Chaparral, and Vulcan or PIVADS weapon crews.This menu will not be needed unless the government changes therange tables or descriptions.

902 Imemarie Gener*Ato02/26/23/t2 AD %%ble Nlanio 1081 s$3 22

code ebale Ký e n ble DGecWIpiau...........................

000 Uu Uu002. I madszc003 XXI 3-mic uY. =Mw eme C3004 Iv ( €I 3005 V

lusc-zxlllt £-AIVOUln-AA4ln1.2OLlre P-Reesil 3-J to ugitl

Figure 11. ADA table maintenance.

"Maintain Flying Models" (option "C") of the SupportFiles Menu is used to list the flying target model types (seeFigure 12). The code numbers with aircraft model names arelisted on the left. The information corresponding to theselection on the left is listed on the right. All informationcan be edited. Available Friend Foe and Aircraft Type codes aredisplayed on the bottom left of the screen.

17

Im SoumaxLEo 6.mmozat~or

02/26/32 WIyoqI Taet mode Nl". 1Os20o32 -A

Ode Vyp O.e L .,,• n....

002 1 1MoaGWOw003 1 1VDM

@oe 1 vzwinA. =)~tlas6 I TXT A |IMod" Code ...... a 0

0 10d ...... s °-3-oo-1Zozo I WzW Model NUt•-Wae:. t -,.•,o013 a EliModel 2ene...... 2 6D22D015 2 "pl Model UvXLlable. 8 Ton017 2 *O0M

-

019 2 ENVOC

2---.PIy W 2 nof s

luc-uidtl t 6-&r•ousI i,-tml~la-l"k lr'o E•l4-ea~ml*J I to EdLtl

Figure 12. Flying target model maintenance.

The "Maintain PHTS (PTS) Models" (option "D") of the SupportFiles Menu is used to list the pop-up helicopter target systemmodel types (see Figure 13). Like the previous option,Friend/Foe and Aircraft Type codes that are available aredisplayed on the bottom left of the screen. Information aboutthe aircraft are presented on the right.

7=5 U.eamzo N.. , raO02/26/92 Ta ra Model N&hatko&ha 10&22a41 n

caw s" Doo.1pb&Uo....

002 3 UID-D00a5 3 NIZP007 3 N&VOC

003063iUe001 3 3:A003 3 BLAhM sa .W0C04 3 NUM CMOIN &I-

X8 Mod~el- NNE ...... MI2004 3 model C008 3 JOLLY a

Izsc-zx~tl 15-A urpv-lulPq-unln.-al3-D leteEV-M-o.mll-' to •aitl

Figure 13. PHTS target model maintenance.

"Maintain RTS Stations" (option "E") of the Support FilesMenu is used to identify an RTS station(s) by numeric codes anddescriptions (see Figure 14). The RTS components are listed onthe left. The limits on these stations are listed on the right.The only restrictions to the station limits are the number ofcomponents available. For example, if there are only 6 PTStarget systems defined, only six numbers can be used as codes(usually 1 through 6). These codes will identify which PTS willappear during scenario development and execution.

18

02/25/93 M=Stat4mANN NaibutAmaahes 12023:09 an

Ci. atatlan XD...

000 PUTS

200 MW249 336252 LAUUC254 MCX .. E

Figure 14. RTS stations maintenance.

The "Maintain Criteria Records" (option "F") (see Figure 15)of the Support Files Menu is not directly accessible. Thisoption is used to view the current performance standards whichare defined according to US Army Air Defense doctrine. Thesecriteria are the accepted standards and are not subject to changewithout a change in doctrine. In the event that they did change,the corrections would have to be made using the DBASE softwareutility, which is outside the scope of this manual.

02/26/32 M= Bet-OUP Citaule Vi/a'Mea l~2.0,3,0 an

I Parwao Oftandae IenIVYPee 1-12. NWIFI-l~y 3111-PR

Criteria EM800" 0.: 1 2.Maae lesede., a . Acuref ge i 0Diffiau2.ty Cleass. I Sit an 3±LVo 2... akasf. * lo2a S &iga 2V . ...... oam3ni. zree% a. mangego 0

1 .8 9 9 .te at ~l en i * 4 E l e a t lie. 2So=zea so* ~ X0 123ViUs............... I S BI 30e1.3 .C. -.11 *1en so~ 301 IMage.............s 0 )UL. Five Malmo .... 1 0Correaft WNetil, I2ta as CM agaga 21.... a I. Can Lek-on Tille. . s 2Wriends Uragaget..: 20 CM emagge Pwang..s 0 Wam look-cm SeymS. 0Mostilengga*. so 2FF T11010.......... 4 OtWaFr Wigs. 1 ..... IFrio ot. X U M.e s.. OAqieie a 4 e ie .,

[Ns0l 2FF Rat..e.......... 0 Man Tinos ...

Figure 15. Setup criteria view/maintenance.

19

The "Re-create File Indices" (option "R") (see Figure 16) ofthe Support Files Menu is used to reindex the system files afterchanges have been made. For example, if some scenarios wereadded or changed, this option would have to be invoked to ensureall supporting files had the updated information. Use thisoption at the end of each editing session to ensure all changesmade are consistent across all support files. Invoking thisoption will automatically execute the reindex process, returningto the main menu when complete. Thus, no further interaction isrequired.

- Smaemuri. Gmierat02/26/9a ]s.--nzW riles Mtl1ty 10s29808 an

I 3.-iadoxMi wearm sns tpe Deaoril en fl

te-iLuezing Anl a ab o.e f1Le

.e-indeaxzi Vl•1D9AL2=Wft Model filei 3.-indexing BtSaftaranpe/tmt MG filelUs-indexin gata•n ftiileiUs-indexing filersA.-Lndlexing position Constants file

eto-indeing Soenalrlo tW film

Figure 16. Re-index files utility.

Viev RTS Fixed Parameters

This is the second option in the RTS setup Main Menu (option"B"). Selecting this option will result in a display of thefixed parameters that are employed in developing scenarios (seeFigure 17). Select an option on the left of the display bypressing <<ENTER>> when the desired choice is highlighted. Thiswill result in the display of possible option codes on the rightof the display. For example, if "PTS Orientations" is selected,each aspect angle (orientation) option available for PTS targetswill be displayed on the right (see Figure 17). The appropriateparameters will be input when developing scenarios (for example,a helicopter scenario with 0 aspect [front view]). Examples ofthis option are displayed below; these parameters are not likelyto be changed.

20

S Soenmar4o Genemrator2/26/92 T, Firnod Parmters O:.z3.z107 an

IRTs WUU Oirlentations.RTs ZF Code ...... TS OrienttatLons

TS AIZ$•arat Xoteta40n. -

RTS TarZet Nodes ...... 00-eFront VievI= Ts In .......... 045•-...ult/Cbl•qUq/L eftRim cr!B ia .......... 090-eLaft Bids VievI'= StatIon Kennming... 135--'RtaW/obJLque/LetITZ Stat•ton Linkm ..... 180-.Reax VIenr/.ai.L

'TS P-rojeatile Typ".. a2 --. R.ar/OblI que/:tght8 Diretion. ...... :370-*ight 814de View

m' ,S .0ocks, ... 315--wrazlnt/obi quefLIgbtm's DiLIUgtIOeM...m's Target ;a .....RTO Warning e...R Weapon. ontrol....RT9 CUe...........

Iusc-Zx'tl I -&-AWr&vu I

Figure 17. Fixed parameters.

Maintain Scenarios

This is the third option in the RTS setup main menu (option"C"). This selection enables the user to develop scenarios, andis the option most commonly used. Any description item can beedited, added to, or deleted. To edit a particular scenario,position the highlighter over the Scenario # row using the arrowkeys. Press <<ENTER>> when scenario number to be edited appears(see Figure 18). To scroll forward or backward (i.e., select ahigher or lower scenario number), place the highlighter over theScenario # row and page up or down using the up or down <<PG>>keys, respectively. To add a scenario, press the <<F2>> key andtype in the new scenario number.

Once a scenario has been selected, the scenario descriptionsto be edited can be identified by moving the highlighter with thearrow keys. Select a highlighted descriptor by pressing the<<ENTER>> key. The scenario descriptions are listed on the leftof the display, with possible options listed on the right (seeFigure 18). Relevant descriptors must then be given desiredparameters (see Fixed Parameters section preceding this section).

21

02/25/92 we SOmMVio Maintemamone 10,39028 an

Soemerierie MegI s tatigLmonsP lOWv :L ...... 9 1.foenario .... ' 1 IIDitIoC1 code.: 0 a

ATe Gun Type.

AD ~m'J~n..... $

Figure .. to oitU

Figure 18. Scenario maintenance (FTS options).

Entering old or new scenarios, editing them, and givingparameters to them is a completely prompted and interactiveprocess. There may be several areas within each descriptor thatmust be edited. Edit each item in sequence through the lastarea; the highlighter will then automatically return to thedescriptors (left) side of the screen. A scenario may have morethan one target. For example, if three PETS are scripted, threesets of parameters will be entered. The PHTS portion of thescenario is entered by selecting "#/PHTS Targets". After thefirst target is edited, the system will prompt for the next one.Enter the next PHTS target stand number (such as stand 3, or 8),or 0 if there are no more, and continue (see Figure 19).

8oenaur~o 18- uc Bocrio Gen erat8r02/26/32 M ee10@ V a.n

Scenario ame soon Is=iutadrosiiDe$fIined Deftned

PoitOnaO .... 3 & 1Difficulty Cods.. a#/FlingTargets$. a

TsrraLn % s ..... aAD WUanin o....WCM Cod..........I 0Alert ai. .

IE 8 10 - -- - -AlJt Ucenant•o... 1 8 I

ISC-s2sitjt&-AgrwalI2-Addjl-VW'W 3VolUi-I.,UjtlJ to sdIlt

Figure 19. Scenario maintenance (PHTS options).

22

Scenarios of equal difficulty to the one being edited can bedesignated as alternates using "Alt Scenario". When scenariopresentations begin, there may be several scenarios to choosefrom within a given difficulty level. This may be useful if theinstructor-evaluator wishes to present several alternate trainingscenarios of like difficulty, or to avoid repeating a scenario inthe event of a previous trial abort (see Figure 20).

15M SOonUxo GORHMltor08/24/92I3@b e44wi. .nu 1042824 uan

i r4•XaU,•L-M SOM=L0 ý

oero Meadow AXteate Z"oop aaZaste 0aumafri*

o tion •......... 1 POettIoni # ...... ISoenalouy 0d.8 1 Soen~azLt *.a 1

JAD Warning .... ad Wezung. 8 0.°I Od.........8 ' 10 sie..... .. 8

A3ert Tm. 8 0 Al•e•t Tm ...... 00 0• .... S

Imo-Heti t -arrowE 1-Up..PsvE PV-Son btI s~ -aid. iS-WI3sl-Z•moutl 4 e rai~t

Figure 20. Scenario maintenance (alternativescenario option).

Maintain Positions

This is the fourth option of the RTS setup main menu (option"D"). Enter and edit the positions of RTS components. (SeeFigure 21). The position codes are listed on the right of thescreen, associated parameters are listed in the middle, andoption codes are listed on the left (see Figure 22). This menuserves two purposes. It enables the development of a preliminaryrange layout scheme and the printing of an associated hardcopyreference of that layout. The scheme will then be fine-tunedwhen the system is actually emplaced and registered for a finallayout and hardcopy reference. The preliminary range layout isused to define PTS locations relative to the DAS or weapon(coordinates 0,0). Other component locations are determinedduring deployment.

23

we Sokmarlo 0ammeatow02/26/92 UT PoultLou Mantenenos 10 :44:05 m

PoutIon Nu€ommt . x IPPosdition lem4z. 2 .Pomition 33 ..... 2.PositIoN R ..... 3 2IPositIon PT. ..... t IPoiltIon Launch. . tWONition vUTS.... : aIPosLtLon D"m ..... t 1

i SC-Eit lt 4-Az=oWW Pg-W-pr.v IPV,-DN.2IxlCoVw I_"-2-Add F3--GOTo F6-xN/y Cordl7-s"glatrlF-ZLyoutIV•- to 9dita

Figure 21. Positions maintenance.

When the system components (including the PTS) have beenemplaced they are position-located in coordinates (i.e.,registered using the PLS laser). These data are entered over thepreliminary data and become RTS setup parameters. Once theproper coordinates are entered, these remain constant unless thecomponents are moved and re-registered. Typically, the positionparameters are entered only once, unless the user wishes tochange the configuration, or move the RTS to a new location. Themost common exception is when the weapon type employed changes.The weapon code number must be changed to reflect the currentweapon so that the appropriate databases are activated. This isdone using the DAS Positions option (see Figure 22).

24

IM scenario Generator02/24/32 UTZ Position maintenanoe 20s46327 mm

... 10Position Clonstantspon Cods..s 3 Position 1h|er. . s 2

*.: 210 Position IU 2n .o 3i IPs: ~ion YA.M

Links .: 0 Poition PZA.: 2.:i .osition Launch..:..

0-,[ ......... . a Powtlon VAS....: 62-- Cable.L214 i- n a Is• e

manning3 stinger Basic N1Mannilng tI,.:-- -°"

Figure 22. Positions maintenance (DAS option).

To plan a layout, first assign the DAS a position and aprimary target line (PTL); all other component locations arebased on that position (i.e., the weapon location). Typically,the DAS X and Y coordinates are 0,0 respectively, and the PTL is180 degrees. The PLS and RCS can also be located at 0,0coordinates to make things simpler. Then select the othercomponents (e.g., PTS), assign a code number, assign a range(actual, not scaled) and assign a clock azimuth. Press the<<F7>> and then <<F1O>> keys to have the coordinates computed forthat component.

To view the layout of PTS components in range spacecoordinates press the <<F9>> key while in the "MaintainPositions" menu. This enables the user to view the current rangelayout of PTS in a two-dimensional graphic representation,showing their relative positions on the ground (see Figure 23).Pressing the <<Print Screen>> key will generate a hardcopy of thelayout. In the example (see Figure 23), there are three targets(4,5,6); the weapon position and control areas are coincidentwith the DAS.

25

221 Wea arlRane n 9 U RNh1 10844130 AM

I 1 1

luasc-MuitI

Figure 23. Range layout diagram.

RTS Tool.

This is the last option in the RTS setup main menu (option"EE"). This option enables the user to build sets of scenariosand print scenario listings. Selecting this option will resultin the display of the tools menu (see Figure 24). Option "A" isemployed to create a master database file of the existingscenarios previously developed. Use this option to update themaster file whenever scenarios have been added or changed.Option "B" enables the printing of a formatted listing of allexisting scenarios along with their parameters. This listingprovides scenario specifications that can be used by the systemoperator to ensure the right scenarios are selected andadministered.

Option "C" is used to build sets of scenarios to be executedduring a given test. Two different sets can be developed. Forexample, sets of equally difficult scenarios may be required sothat experimental groups or trainees do not receive exactly thesame scenarios. Or one may wish to compare sets of scenarios,and so forth. The scenario sets can be printed by selectingOption "D". This will generate a formatted listing of allscenarios in the set. The system operator may use this printoutas a reference when executing a set of scenarios. Each of thefunctions in the "Tools" menu are completely interactive,requiring no further elaboration here.

26

03/a./92 sea"l mass mh 1@s08047 an

I 3inlriatM UEtdW LIft Ot U..~amIn.asammallI sa b-.t xc aSgMagngwziat weenewl. Uub-uts an PUSa

Figure 24. Tools main menu.

27

Bystem Preparation and Installation

This section describes the tasks that need to be performedto prepare the system for operations. Included are Selecting aSite, Unpacking the RTS, System Cabling, System Startup andShutdown, and System Registration.

Seleatina a Site

Figure 25 depicts a typical ESX site complete with stationlocations, flight paths, and helicopter stand positions (thissite is similar to the sites used during RTS validation). Therange area can be anywhere from 1 to 4 kilometers (km) square,depending on the terrain in which it is to be employed and userrequirements. For example, a larger range space would berecommended for flat (desert or tundra) terrain, and a smallerrange space for dense (forest or jungle) terrain. As shown inFigure 25, 1/5 scale PTS target presentations generally takeplace within one km of the weapon. FTS targets can be launchedfrom anywhere on the range, and flown according to any desiredpattern.

Providing sufficient intervisibility among criticalcomponents while allowing for range monitoring and control aremajor considerations for site selection. The site should affordthe emplacement of a weapon position and an assignable searchsector, in which terrain and foliage do not visually obscureflying target flight paths or pop-up helicopter presentations.The position location system should be able to maintain line-of-sight with the flying target launch area. Pop-up helicoptertargets should be out of sight when in the down position (i.e.,should emerge from some terrain mask when presented). Targetbackground terrain should not vary randomly between mountain andsky. The validity of this has been established empirically onnumerous occasions (Johnson, Barber, & Lockhart, 1988). A rangeallowing the experimental control of target background contrastmay be considered.

Position-location decisions meeting terrain and componentintervisibility requirements should be made before emplacing thesystem. A terrain map of the range area comes in handy whenselecting a site, and choosing target and weapon locations.Major RTS components can be positioned according to map locationswhen registration is performed. RTS coordinates can be plottedon a terrain map for additional help in determining suitableexercise areas and component locations. RTS coordinates can evencoincide with map coordinates if this cross-reference is desired.

29

Choose a site free of electrical telephone lines, or otherlofty obstructions as they are a hazard to maneuvering aircraft.The aircraft are usually flown at altitudes less than 500 feet.The RTS requires certain radio frequencies for the control ofaircraft, data link communications, and range command, controland communications. The following radio frequencies should beauthorized for the site selected (i.e., the site selected shouldbe free of interference on these frequencies).

Portable Radio Net Frequency: 145.150 MhzAircraft Control Frequency: 72.550 MhzTarget Data Link Frequency: 72.020 Mhz

U IL1:OO 3uM : a. 1:00! RM\I

/\I /

%/

Left / RightSector Limit %I S ector Limit

3 % 0

I %

S\I /

S', . ,'/

% %

I/4' \ • , 4k? %,

""&S. G M 3,

Figure 25. RTS range layout.

30

If the application requires the live fire of gun systems,there are a few additional concerns for site selection. Rangecommunications and control, range servicing, and engineeringsupport requirements are major considerations. Authorized livefire range selection, range scheduling, and range clearance(frequencies, airspace, etc.) should be planned well in advance.Further, protective berms (sand dunes, etc.) are advised toenable the pop-up target systems to be used repeatedly, withoutsuffering extensive damage.

Once a site has been selected, the RTS can be configured foroperations.

Unpacking the RTS

The RCS, PLS, generators, tools, test equipment, repairparts, and all DAS are stowed and transported in the RTSTransport Trailer. The Transport Trailer also serves as the baseof RTS operations and requires positioning for emplacing the RTSsystem. Prior to positioning the transport trailer, unload allDAS, one generator, and supporting equipment (i.e., antennas,cables, etc.) in the proximity of the weapon positions. The DASwill be emplaced and configured later.

1. Position the transport trailer. The trailer should bepositioned so the camera and laser have an unobstructed field ofview to aerial targets, target launch points, and weapon systempositions. Once a location has been determined, move the trailerin position, lower the stabilizing jacks, course level thetrailer, and then perform the following:

2. Unload the RCS and PLS generators. Position thegenerators on the road side, front of the transport trailer.

3. Unload the pan-tilt support assembly. Position the pantilt support assembly on the top front of the trailer. Securethe pan-tilt support assembly with the supplied hardware.

4. Unload the pan-tilt. Position the pan-tilt on thepan-tilt support assembly. Secure the pan-tilt with the suppliedhardware.

5. Unload the PLO laser. Position the laser on thepan-tilt. Secure the PLS laser with the supplied hardware.

6. Unload the PLO camera. Position the pan-tilt on thepan-tilt support assembly. Secure the PLS camera with the

)lied hardware.

7. Gain access to the RCS and PLO. Remove the tie downstrap and front covers. Stow the RCS and PLS front covers on theshelves at the rear of the transport trailer.

31

6. Level the trailer using the level provided in the toolkit. Place level on the pan-tilt mounting pedestal and observethe bubble. The level should be checked and adjusted both sideto side and front to back of the trailer. Adjust the level asneeded by raising or lowering the stabilizing jacks.

9. Unpack and emplace DAB. Move to the location the DASwere unloaded. The DAS can be emplaced anywhere from 10 to 30feet from the weapon system to which it is to be connected.However, it is advisable that the DAS operator have visualcontact with the exercising troops. Configure the DAS byperforming the following:

a. Each DAS has two rack and stack cases. Position thelarger case so that the operator or instructor has adequateaccess for operation.

b. Open the front cover of the larger case (flip-downkeyboard). Then open the top cover to gain access to the antennaand power cords. Remove the antenna and power cords and install.Close the top cover and secure it.

c. Place the small DAS case on the top of large case.Remove the front cover of the small case to gain access to themonitor, video cable and power cord. Stow the front cover on topof the small case. Connect the video cable and power cord to thefront of the DAS.

10. Unpack and emplace the PTS. Refer to the Range TargetSystem (RTS) Operations Manual, Annex 1: Pop-Up Target System(PTS) Operations and Maintenance Reference Manual forinstructions and procedures.

11. Unpack and emplace the FTS. Refer to the Range TargetSystem (RTS) Operations Manual, Annex 2: Flying Target System(FTS) Operations and Maintenance Reference Manual forinstructions and procedures.

System Cabling

Configurina the system. Refer to system cabling diagram(see Figure 26) and to vendor manuals (see Page 90, Related UserDocuments) when performing the following procedures.

32

Figure~ ~~~~~o 26 T ytmc BligDiar

339

1. Computer Component Interconnections. All computercomponents are directly cabled together and to peripheral devices(including the weapons). Computers and other peripherals(printer, camera, battery charger, AC adaptor, etc.) plug intothe power strip. Connect the RCS modem and power amplifier.

2. Connecting PLS Cables. Plug in the three laser cablesand screw on their cable collars: laser, power supply, andcontrol unit (see Figure 27). Ensure that the cables are nottwisted or strained, and that there is sufficient slack to allowthe PLS to rotate freely to the limits of its orientation circle.Connect the laser control unit to the laser computer, the lasercomputer to the PLS computer, and the laser trigger assembly tothe pan-tilt console.

3. Connecting the Power. At the weapon system locationconnect one 115 Volt power generator to the DAS. At theTransport Trailer connect one 115 Volt power generator to theRCS-PLS UPS and another 115 Volt power generator to the laserpower supply.

4. Connecting the Laser Ballistics Simulator. Thisprocedure is similar to the connecting of the PLS (see Figure28). Both use the laser, laser power supply, laser computer, andlaser control unit.

5. Connecting the PTS. Refer to the Range Target System(RTS) Operations Manual, Annex 1: Pop-Up Target System (PTS)Operations and Maintenance Reference Manual for instructions andprocedures.

6. Connecting the FTS. Refer to the Range Target System(RTS) Operations Manual, Annex 2: Flying Target System (FTS)Operations and Maintenance Reference Manual for instructions andprocedures.

34

Figure~ren PO7. PL alngdar

Figure 27. PLS cabling diagram.

35w n

System Startup and Shutdown

The following procedures are performed in sequence to applypower to the system. Perform these procedure in reverse order toremove power form the system. Refer to the manufactures andvendor manuals (see Page 90, Related User Documents) as needed.

1. Energize the system generators. First ensure that thegenerator has sufficient oil and gasoline and check filters.Insert the ignition key and turn switch to "ON" (refer to Figure29). After about ten seconds, switch to "Start," release the keywhen the generator starts. The generator will need to run for aminute or so to warm up. Once it is running smoothly (evidencedby a change in noise level), turn on the output circuit breaker.

MW - - , VT

Figure 29. Generator control console.

2. Rotivate system stations. Apply power to the RCS andPLS. Tur the UPS power ON-OFF switch to the "ON" position.This will provide power to the RCS-PLS (only one switch, at frontand center). The RCS and PLS will automatically "Boot-up",displaying the DOS prompt (C:\).

36

b. Apply power to the PLS pan-tilt control panel. Placethe "TEST-OPERATE" toggle switches on the Pan-Tilt control panelto the "TEST" position (refer to Figure 30).

0TILT PAMA

a"'ON aPmi xsa nm mi

• m =6w~s owo -e o e0 010 0

Figure 30. Pan tilt & camera controls.

a1MING

Applying power with the "TEST-OPERATEN oggle switches on the Pan-Tilt control panelin the "OPERATE" position could cause injury to persornel and dumage the equipment.

Energize the "Tilt" and "Pan" Consoles (move power "ON-OFF"slide switches from the "OFF" to the "ON" position). Providesfor the manual adjustment of the PLS Pan Tilt and Camera:Contrast, Shutter (Iris), and Field of View, Zoom (Wide-angle orTelephoto).

a. Energize the laser oontrol unit (PLB and LBB).Simultaneously press the right arrow and minus sign push buttons(the Laser Control Unit is de-energized by simultaneouslypressing the left arrow and plus sign push buttons) (refer toFigure 31).

37

I I II • II r - I I I I i i

Figure 31. Laser control unit (PLS and LBS).

d. Energize the DAB. Switch the main power toggle switchto the "ON" position (see Figure 32). The DAS will automaticallyBoot Up and display the RTS main menu (see Figure 8).

Pam 3Wf

0~

Figure 32. DAS main power switch.

e. Energize the PTS. Refer to the Range Target System(RTS) Operations Manual, Annex 1: Pop-Up Target System (PTS)Operations and Maintenance Manual for power up and power downprocedures.

f. Energize the PTS. Refer to the Range Target System(RTS) Operations Manual, Annex 2: Flying Target System (FTS)Operations and Maintenance Manual for power up and power downprocedures.

System Registration

Registration of the system results in the geographiclocation of all major RTS components. To accomplish this, thePLS station is used as a site survey device.

38

Preliminary coordinates for various components should bederived before conducting registration. This is done byinputting desired ranges and azimuths of these components, asreferenced from the center of the firing fan (point zero), intothe RTSETUP program. These coordinates can be compared to thoseobtained during registration to determine the degree to whichposition-location of equipment meets requirements. Refer toRTSETUP Section ("Maintain Positions Menu") for more informationon establishing preliminary coordinates using the RTSETUPprogram.

Voice communications are required at the PLS to communicatewith a spotter down range. The spotter will travel to thevarious positions that must be registered. The spotter shouldhave a laser retro-reflector attached to a long pole. Thespotter will place a survey-registration marker or stake in theground at each location to eliminate confusion as to where toemplace the equipment.

1. Establish the PLB location. The PLS orientation circleshould contain all azimuths to which the PLS will be directed(e.g., all flight paths, all launch points, all PTS, and all RTSstations). The center points of the circle are typically 0 or180 degrees and can correspond to the PTL of the firing fan. Theminimum effective range of the PLS is 75 meters. Any RTScomponent being registered which is closer must be surveyedmanually (easily derived given the coordinates of the PLS andcomponents beyond the 75 meter limit).

Once the PLS position has been established, a RegistrationStation (REG) station can be registered. The REG station is thatreference point for all other components.

Newif there wiLl be more than one weapon position, the station catted REG"wl establish the point of reference for atl other weapon tocations.)

It is a good practice to position the PLS, RCS, and REG atthe same location. Typically, the REG position is given thedefault values "0,0" for the X and Y coordinates, and "180" asthe orientation (i.e., referred to as down range, or the weaponPTL). All subsequent component locations will be registered interms of their deviation from point zero (the REG). If the PLSis at a different location than the REG, it will generally have anegative Y coordinate (i.e., located behind the REG and theweapon crew's search sector).

§WW a

If the REG Location is different from the RS and PL$, perform Steps 2 and 3.

39

2. Register the REG. Begin registration by selecting the"Test" option from the RCS Main Menu. This is done bypositioning the highlighter over that option using the arrow keysand pressing <<ENTER>>. Then select the "PLS" sub-option usingthe same procedure. The PLS will determine the new RTScoordinates whenever it is aligned with a laser retro-reflector.These coordinates will be displayed at the RCS and should bemanually recorded on paper to be input at a later time into theRTSETUP program.

To register the REG station contact the spotter on the radioand request that the laser retro-reflector pole be raised. Alignthe laser with the retro-reflector using the trackball.Alignment can be confirmed by viewing the camera display screen.Once aligned, the RCS will display the current coordinates,indicating the position relative to the REG.

3. Register additional components. Repeat step 2 of thisprocedure to register additional stations or components (i.e.,DAS, PTS, and FTS launch locations).

40

Range Target System (RTS) Operations

The following section discusses the operations required touse RTS. This section includes an overview of the software, RCSOperations, PLS Operations, DAS Operations, PTS Operations, andFTS Operations.

Software Overview

The RTS software system is made up of a combination ofprograms, batch files, and utilities. The following list makesup the RTS software system.

RCS.EXE - Resides on and runs the RCSDAS.EXE - Resides on and runs each DASPLS.EXE - Resides on and runs the PLSPTS.BAS - Resides on and runs each PTSRTSETUP.EXE - Resides on the RCS, sets up required

RTS data filesOFFLOAD.BAT - Resides on the RCS, used to offload

data filesDBIII.EXE - Resides on the RCS, required to run

scoringCHAPRPT.PRG - Resides on the RCS, part of scoring

systemRTSCORE.PRG - Resides on the RCS, part of scoring

systemRTSMNCAL.PRG - Resides on the RCS, part of scoring

systemRTSPMCAL.PRG - Resides on the RCS, part of scoring

systemRTSRPT.PRG - Resides on the RCS, part of scoring

systemRTSTMDIF.PRG - Resides on the RCS, part of scoring

systemSTNGRPT.PRG - Resides on the RCS, part of scoring

systemTPSPMFAU.PRG - Resides on the RCS, part of scoring

systemVLCRPT.PRG - Resides on the RCS, part of scoring

system

RT8 menu systa° RTS provides an extensive set of screens,menus, data windows, and prompts that give the operator controlover the RTS software system. These screen components arecollectively known as a menu system. The menu system is theoperator interface to the RTS software system.

Type. of Musors. The menu system uses two types ofcursors, a flashing "_" and a "highlighter." See the followingexplanations.

41

a. Prompted input. Uses the flashing "_" as the cursor.This is a request to input information or data into the RTSsoftware system.

b. ]gi . Uses reverse video as the cursor. This isused to highlight menu options for selection.

The menu is presented in the form of bars (see Figure 33).

UAICTW (3 3 V.*09 %%~Ui*7r Wfbwu"V 20. 1992 11215

lout CALlbate raliWeedbaXif orttloa

First Level Option Bar

Header Dar

Figure 33. Menu description and instruction.

Header bar. This area of the menu provides the operatorwith information (i.e., software system name and version; currentday, date and time; and tix RTS station name).

First level option bar. This area of the menu provides theoperator with the options required to run the RTS softwaresystem. Each option has several sub-menus that are completelyoperator interactive.

instruction bar. This area of the menu provides theoperator with the instructions needed to interact with the RTSsoftware system. The following list describes the instructionsused.

Down Arrow - Used to move the cursor downUp Arrow - Used to move the cursor upRight Arrow - Used to move the cursor rightLeft Arrow - Used to move the cursor leftENTER - Used to select a highlighted option;

used to accept a prompted inputESC - Used to move from a lower level menu

(sub-menu) to a higher level menu;used to Exit RTS system software

WAIT - Used to tell the operator to waitwhile software operations are beingperformed

42

Menu Examples

The following examples demonstrate the procedures needed tooperate the RTS menu system.

Move between menus. To move from the main menu to lowerlevel menus, the operator uses the arrow keys to highlight thedesired menu option. The operator then presses the <<ENTER>> keyto select the highlighted option. To move from the lower levelmenu (there can be multiple lower level menus) back to the mainmenu, the operator presses the <<ESC>> key. The <<ESC>> key mustbe pressed once for each level of menu that the operator wishesto move back from (see Figure 34 through 36).

43

Shown below is an example of moving from the main menu tosub menus.

%a ad"e Motu sea" 1hM

ft I .3 Ph f-IMl-I " g in W amigO, (UeS) Mq t

To move from the main menu (1st level, above) to thesub menu (2nd level, below), highlight the desired optionthen press <<ENTER>> to accept.

km, IIl. thI. f.-I W , Nm" onm S :U

To move from the sub menu (2nd level, above) to the submenu (3rd level, below), highlight the desired option thenpress <<ENTER>> to accept.

I |S Emm mm- momI 7n

YOU (8I[3 - (93 Ism.3 tlomb. PM b m

Figure 34. Main menu to sub menus

44

Shown below is an example of moving from sub menus to themain menu.

"M (if W tl fa on. irni to also. OMn to Iit3

To move from the sub menu (3rd level, above) to the submenu (2nd level, below), press <<ESC>> once.

lm (#1, ('. =I = " ,. a i M m MlW WW W. ( b -

To move from the sub menu (2nd level, above) to themain menu (1st level, below), press <<ESC>> once.

now Inl. it). "=an% man "i g o=

Figure 35. Sub menus to main menu

45

flzJ2-T To exit RTS, the system software must be at themain menu. The operator presses the <<ESC>> key. This willdisplay the "Exit RTS" prompt (see Figure 36). The "Yes" optionis automatically highlighted, but the operator can use the arrowkeys to highlight the "No" option if desired. With the "Yes"option highlighted, the operator presses the <<ENTER>> key toaccept the option. The RTS system software will terminate andthe system will return to the operating system prompt (C:\RTS).If the operator does not wish to terminate the RTS software, the"No" option must be highlighted. The operator presses the<<ENTER>> key to accept the option. The RTS system software willreturn to the main menu.

AZ@() f ==Tafaw)U~t VZ.@3 Omma7 V~mwbinu 20. :L"2 2820 i

M liras! I

P"". (4 aw C?3 1 W (ý 3 t- ",-~to [we] to 3

Figure 36. Exit RTS prompt.

46

Ranqe Control Station (RCS) Onerations

Once the RCS is energized, the RCS Main Menu will appear(see Figure 37). The main menu can also be activated by typing"RCS" after the operating system prompt (C:\1RTS with flashing "_"cursor). The option "Test" will be highlighted initially, butany option can be selected by moving the highlighter with thearrow keys.

=&C() 0= 1wx m = SV.tru V1.0 * %tvU OgW~Ei7VabZUzY 20. 10092 11.15..

3aminamt. aj~bamto (am)O

i . 6]. Ef t3. C-.]M r.-3 to aS"O.CinU tf o.eut 0 gn t[,=an]o"tam

Figure 37. RCS main menu.

Select "Test." The "Test" option has two suboptions: "PTS"(Pop-up Target System test) and "PLS" (Position-Location Systemtest) (see Figure 38).

S aI RC ,) = S p a t e . V & . 0 M a i o d y 1 az 7M T 30 . 1 °2 I I i I

L= I. Calglb~t tjC

item , (Me. (t 1 - (,-) to uwus.( J t CUUtlt 5 . [ZW to ZVtU=

Figure 38. Test menu.

47

The PTS must be operational and in remote prior to preforming the PTS Test.Refer to the Range Target System CRTS) Operations Nanumi, Annex 1:

Pop-Up Target System (PTS) Operations and Maintermnce Manual.

Select PTO. Select the "PTS" option to display the PTSSelection Menu (see Figure 39). The PTS numbers (1 through n)are associated with the current system configuration.

~XC3) mz~ ~uymt~.*mmVi.03 "Mrsay 7.tbgu-Ya*y. 1962 11:13 an

p lv or I I to awe, [Wr=I to "eoat, [C3€C to

Figure 39. PTS selection menu.

0* NINU

Ensure personnel are clear of the PTS you are about to test.

FaiLure to do so my result in injury to personnel.

am

Each PTS should be tested to ensure operabiLity.

Select PTO number. Highlight the PTS number you desire totest. Press <<ENTER>> to select the PTS number. When the PTS isunder the control of the RCS, the PTS Commands Menu will appear(see Figure 40).

48

aaz@(3) Yaz~ot Wtiv2. 09 %%Uvaday Paba*Zy 20.* 1902 11:24 &W

3m= CSt1ate se reebe)m •.11bgmt.e 2e Lmoam /Vodbaak Ottloed

VM9 ColmnsIIOH5.-J•

llaa 11 Cwtl to ml.o C]B1JW3 5. m•L0lmat. tZ•o r-etuga

Figure 40. PTS commands menu.

You can observe the result of each function test by positioning the Loset and cfmera at the PTS wnder test.

The fottLouing PTS Commands can be selected in any order the operator desires.

Select "Stoy." This command terminates any active command.

Se]lect_"U." This command raises the PTS.

Select ,,Down.", This command lowers the PTS.

Select ,,Rotate I.", This command rotates the PTS mastclockwise.

.select "Rotate CCW.", This command rotates the PTS mastcounter clockwise.

Select ,,Orient." This command prompts the operator for anorientation value (see Figure 41).

U2 IC UM [43 Var[I] tom* y. 05-=3 Ltoo afteat. 20,o 102 11:2

Figure 4O. Orientat comm omeu.49Co c ed inmy thopatodse

Figu ec 41. oretatio promp T.i omn oatsteP ms

clockwi4e

Enter olientation desired. Enter the desired orientation indegrees, press <<ENTER>> to accept. This will position the PTSmast to the desired orientation. Once the mast has moved to therequested orientation a PTS Status window is displayed (seeFigure 42).

==Tomr V.0 @3 !afty lebuUMV 20. i112 .3

2%W Q to:• t ime D.y2 •

Fu e4 O"tion stastatu

IeeI toe., T is Uomman ceauss th4 TSt5enrtSmoke.Ire 0t

The Smoke option is not ialoptintad on itt PTS.The Smoke command ,aitt automatlcaLty terminate after five seconds.

It wiLt take Longer for the actual smoke to dissipate.

Select ,"Status Reouest." This command displays a PTS Statuswindow (see Figure 43). The window provides information aboutthe PTS.

350( axelmte Y. 3 ieao ?etealy20.133 E1:4 me

7 Omawe status n

MU-" [Za to Gntim

Figure 42. Orientat in staa.

11epet p DokeUt Ths ome aS Ptoi generst

Thie Smoke oati. ls nt wask Delay 21u PT

It Wi tak Longrfrtea ct mk to dissipate

Figu ec 43 $status Request."TicomndspasaPSttu

widw(epet Figaure 43 or The wido trovides te frmtted.ou

the P50

Seeoct #PLB." This option is for testing the functions ofthe laser tracking system. Selection of this option displays thePLS Commands Menu (see Figure 44).

LJ!c, Vmx1941 it V1.09 NORaY PSbrax 24. 1992 10:09 an

lilk' f 7l

Figure 44. PLS commands menu.

06 NING

Ensure alt personnet are clear of the laser and camera area (roof of the transport traiter).

FaiLure to do so my resutt In Injury to personnel.

Nw

A retro-refLector shoutd be mounted on one of the raised PTS or at some other known Location down range(e.g., launch site).

8elect "Track." This option displays the track dataassociated with the current orientation of the laser (see Figure45).

- !

ftýa itim ZaetiAm Ntatium 2

~~ 10.322& vIý 9.171 le~m asqut Z: as•

is 771

Figure 45. PLS track window.

51

Select $$orient." This option will prompt the operator foran orientation position number (see Figure 46). The orientationposition number is typically associated with a launch andrecovery area for flying targets.

~NNINU

Ensure all personnel are cLear of the roof of the transport traiLer.FaiLure to do so my resutt in Injury to personneL.

Press <<ENTER>> to accept position number. This will causethe laser to position to the desired location.

2UZ a V%.O Do Moda VftbUMTUal4. 1932 103 11 a

%lost Calibrate tmaetJm lsedif of frond

orientes 31"

Pres Canal to5 •timS

Figure 46. Launch position number.

Status. This option displays the current azimuth andelevation of the laser on the right of the screen (see Figure47).

%%L~l) a w"I arta V1. SO Mado VabUouT a4. 1992 10611sm

SIkJ~m~J~t 171"

wss (o3 to emotion

Figure 47. PLS status window.

52

Select $Calibrate." Return to the RTS Main Menu and selectthe "Calibrate" option to display the PTS Selection Menu (seeFigure 48). This procedure is best accomplished at the DASclosest to the REG position. Refer to DAS procedures operations.

SACC)ML n. mz x System- V1.09 e s ~mua y February 20. 2,33 12:44 an

Press M@J. [C, 1 1-I or [E-3 to RoV., IZIZj to molot. [3ZS0 to loturn

Figure 48. Calibration menu.

Each PTS amst be calibrated prior to it being used in any training or test application.The default& which appear initially are not accurate.

Each PTS should be calibrated three or four time when the system is initially emplaced.CaLibrate wilt not need to be performed again unless the PTS is moved to another Location or the target type

mounted on the PTS has changed.

53

Select "Realtime." At the RCS, with the system in RTS MainMenu, select Realtime. Selection of Realtime will display theSelect Scenario menu (see Figure 49). Press <<ENTER>> to select.This will cause the system to prompt the operator to enter ascenario number (see Figure 50).

Test . .lla•at. Feedb ack o flo. A I

Press (]. It]. 9-1 eor It-) to uovv.d Win to molect* [=C] to return

Figure 49. Select scenario menu.

SAIC(S 30ZWYI.ZWtShtI1 V1.00 YknUiiA7 Webluavy 20, 1932 211352 e

Ieo.t .o-mmLoI

I'•--=W r ---- '"''I

fztes [(=ýjl t=o owit [1•] 1=3 toano

Figure SO. Select scenario prompt.

Enter scenario number. Enter the scenario number to be run.

Press <<ENTER>> to accept. Information about the selectedscenario will be displayed in the Scenario Parameters window (seeFigure 51).

54

A2(3CO) Ranvge WmtDII V1.of 15uffsy P0b37 20, 1992 11:s4 ansang. totmaol aw ion r

Sst maleats I oltismo ,..o•d r at= =

ZSea&rlo 17 34azumWMu

D'~l•€gl ~vi a~~ - TmatwL~GM1 0 0 any

AD 3agr3• IoM CoxAed fight 0 a i

PTO o. m 5 W jMRS oUmeMoh1 I 3... 20 30

proess M6 ON M to view, £IIII] to clostizze, MCI¢ to calm"]

Figure 51. Scenario parameters.

If the operator selects scenarios that have PTS targets only, the system will skip "Enter FTS ScaLe" and"Enter FTS Launch Number" and continue at "Accept Scenario Setup."

If the operator selects scenarios that have both PT$ and FTS or FTS only,the system will continue with "Enter FTS Scate."

ALl DAS should be in RTS Main Menu to receive scenario downtoads. If you proceed mnd any of the DAS are notin the min menu, the system will prompt the RCS operator to bypess or abort the operation.

If the informtion is incorrect or you do not wish to run the selected scenario, press <ESC>, to abort thisoperation, then return to "Enter Scenario Number.0

Scenario download. View the Scenario parameters as neededthen press <<ENTER>> to continue. Onceu the operator presses<<ENTER>> at the Scenario Parameters window the system willestablish data communications with the PLS (if required, see NOTEabove) and with each DAS and PTS. The system will transmitscenario pertinent data to the stations. This data transmissionis referred to as Scenario Download.

-s

If the PLS Is required the following prompts will be displayed.

If the PLS Is not required, proceed to "Verify Setup" and continue.

Enter target scal&. Once the operator accepts the ScenarioSetup, the system will display a prompt to accept or change theFTS scale (see Figure 52).

55

=2.Mjm TZw.Gr-ft'sm V1.0 1WnSW M Vag'1.m 24. 23*2 290 1SS

I T- - " -- -. I001-- -- V --*-SMIMEWLS 32 DommLami

.wultLeo aintam statl, i 02

Paftw PM02. amazes

Figure 52. FTS scale prompt.

so"

RTS supports 1/9th, 1/7th. and 1/5th scale targets (the default is I/Sth).

Enter launch nymber. Once the scale is entered, press<<ENTER>> to accept. This will cause the system to prompt theoperator to enter the FTS Launch Number (see Figure 53). Thelaunch number is the location of the current launch point.

Iu n l 2 2S T D m 1 0 .6 W V ~ X -7 2 . 1 9 2 3 8 0 POzie

le"Aaý~n Zmaintlm xtatS.. 02,

02ý E #I SaSat nmds I

Piie. rini to asin*ie, MCI to mseo

Figure 53. Launch number prompt.

ITS supports four (4) Launch Locations (the default Is 1).

Ensure all persomel are clear from the loaer and camera area(top of the transport trailer).

Failure to do so my result in Injury to personnel.

56

Position the PL§. Once the launch number is entered press<<ENTER>> to accept. This will cause the system to establishcommunications with the PLS. The PLS will then position thelaser and camera so that they are pointing in the direction ofthe selected launch location. Once the positioning is completethe system will then continue with scenario download to allstations (see Figure 54 and Figure 55).

Test Caliate 099&l" 1..dbark Otflosd

Plamsneo 22 Walt1@dPopip Ymx~ot .9

pIlea. Wai

Figure 54. PTS download.

cmVS T." @W& uuia1bUMX7 24, &9 1937 VIi

Test C"1hIbsn 09910"le~u

I •S~t mn•a Is

slease Walt

Figure 55. DAS download.

Verify scenario setup. Once all downloads are complete, thescenario setup window is displayed (see Figure 56). The RCSoperator will then verify that the right crew number andrepetition number are displayed with the DAS status information.The repetition number corresponds to either the first, second, ornth time the scenario has been presented to this crew, and isautomatically assigned by the computer each time the scenario isexecuted for that crew. The first time a crew sees a scenario isthe 0th repetition of that scenario. The second time a crew seesa scenario is the lst repetition, and so on.

57

.azc%%vast *agwto v&. 0• 22-ZadY Vambmz7Y 20, 192 12285

Test.t aa0eRf. OrelgU

MU UDO. (C) nMU1Yh'ZZUM% ESM:OS(MAM) CWt.YaXZAW WRIESSU

. -6 45* X74. On

o OMu m " - UuD m wmXaau3 13 0 0o0000000 000000000 Mv70uM

Pwa 4] OW I[f] so VIeW, [NCMW to -ontum, [3use to aMn0ol

Figure 56. Scenario setup.

Aocemt scenario setun. If the information is correct, theoperator presses <<ENTER>> to proceed. This will result in thedisplay of the range fan (weapon crew's search sector), with thePTS target positions, and flying target tracking informationpresented (see Figure 57). If there are discrepancies that needto be fixed, pressing the <<ESC>> key will terminate thisscenario initialization.

Figure 57. RCS realtime range fan display.

If PTS onLy, skip to *tart the scurio and proceed.

58

Launch flvina target. To launch the flying target the RCSoperator instructs the launch crew to launch the target via theFTS voice radio. The RCS operator watches the camera monitor toobserve the launch and ensures that the laser tracks the target.Once the laser is tracking the target the RCS informs the launchcrew that he is tracking. The launch crew responds by "RogerTracking, commencing run."

Um

At different times throughout the scenario the RCS operator my need to usethe PLS trackbalL and camera monitor to aid in the tracking of flying targets.

Track and guide the flvina target. The RCS operatorcontinually observes the flight path and provides pathcorrections as needed (via the FTS voice radio). This processcontinues until the RCS operator guides the target to thescenario starting point.

Start the scenario. Press the <<SPACE>> bar to start thescenario. This causes the system to broadcast a start command toall stations. Coincident with the pressing of the space bar theRCS operator announces the start of scenario over the radio sothat the DAS operators can inform the crews on the weaponsystems.

-Um

For PTS scenarios aony.While the scenario is runngn the RCS operator monitors the system to ensure proper operation.

For FTS and Mixed scenarios the RCS operator my need to use the PLStrackbaol and camera monitor to aid in the tracking of flying targets.

Wait for DAR. At the weapon system, the crews perform theirengagement functions. When they are complete the DAS operatorannounces to the RCS that the DAS is finished with the scenario.

Stop the scenario. Press <<ESC>> to stop the scenario.This causes the system to broadcast a stop command to allstations.

Auto upload. The system automatically uploads the enteredand collected data from each DAS. At the RCS upload and releasewindow messages are displayed for each station (see Figure 58 andFigure 59).

59

B110(3) Range T aS~t a Y1.@e 2ftiweay Webamavzy 20, 1952a 12s02 P.Range Cato Ij. =

S-Calibrate met.me ee t Ogload

Ua0uat" 23 plaData A lguli•tiLmi Etatim #

Please Walt

Figure 58. Scenario upload.

Test callrate Mealtimea- , OCeg I

oenar•.e 22 Release

Pong Target #9

Please Walt

Figure 59. Scenario release.

Once all uploads are complete the RCS returns to the mainmenu. At this point the DAS operators can provide feedback tothe weapon crews. When the DAS operators are finished theyreport back to the RCS that they are "Ready." This informs theRCS operator that each DAS is ready for the next scenario.

60

once ast upLoads are compLete, the system returns the RCS to the main menu.At this point the DAS operators can provide feedback to the weapon crews.

When the DAS operators are finished with Feedback they report back to the RCS that they are "Ready,"this inform the RCS operator that the DAS operators are in the min menu and

they are ready for the next scenario.

Select "Feedback.- Selection of this option will displaythe Feedback menu (see Figure 60). The Feedback menu has twooptions, Trial and Score.

ai-=C(x) sAT4-e TIV 9IUtm v1.03 •sy F....zy 20, 13,2 2:24 VU"l�flan�eCantw

II~~IiIII.ce1bat melme Fe.edack offlead

Preo" (C4, ttle [-I or [.--)to movew.[CSWRIte 0e61ot, [CMCI to wetura

Figure 60. Feedback menu.

Select -Trial." The "Trial" option is used to displayperformance data on scenarios. This is not the same asperformance scoring feedback which provides average performanceacross scenarios of a given type and difficulty (see section onPost Processing Operations). Press <<ENTER>> to select Trial;the system will then prompt the operator for crew number (seeFigure 61).

61

( am e ewtl°tUT-- - vs. -uaa-7 Vb-z7 30. 2.53* 2828"-

STea c Calibrate .tiS peak Ove loandTria

121ter -W4 szoab s :

Presas CUN to Dtsoot"luO. g to Ouase

Figure 61. Trial crew prompt.

Enter crew number. The crew number is a unique numberassigned to a crew by the RTS software. Enter the number thenpress <<ENTER>> to accept. Once the crew number is entered, theTrial window is displayed momentarily, then a repetition promptis displayed (see Figure 62 and Figure 63).

UAZ(3)353. OZWt3~~I V1Y.09 ""Wedy lebZUazj 20. 1992 alas p

Toues Cm Cool at Ste.l O

Teat Calibrliter samarelismabe@to

Pre" C(MMiy to eauti.so. [iwe] to amael

Figure 62. Trial scenario prompt.

62

•it V1* 09 Itburday Faebuazy 20. 1392 2&27 i |

%eat Cal•b•ate 3*a l te eedbeck O t oad

PIa Cs immmi to clane. [35c3 to cancel

Figure 63. Trial repetition prompt.

Enter repetition number. The repetition number is asequence number assigned by the RTS software, it reflects thenumber of times a crew has been presented a scenario. Enter thenumber then press <<ENTER>> to accept. Once the repetitionnumber is entered, feedback on each target presented (first,second, third, etc.) is displayed in the Feedback window (seeFigure 64). Feedback on preceding or subsequent targets can bedisplayed by target worked (first to last) by use of the <<TAB>>key.

Task event ranges that are negative in value indicate that the FTS target was egressing when the eventoccurred (i.e., positive ranges are associated with ingressing aircraft events).

•cM-CM "a=,, = a-s,,e-- ,1. 0,, hxoa •-ebr , LT so, 1992 2s29 V

POPUP emoget 09

saaenatlo 17 TM Time statua Criatratitic. 0

A LVI -w MIT 4 No Centarls Iv'sTW sTD news CT -P ZD I we CaltaonaMedal3 P-3 ZD -3 M 0 we CrLttaiLa

Ifften I aeua MMI

Wfest 2 UU

total ZP aada 0

1iao [Pi] to print anreen, [MC] to esit

Figure 64. Trial feedback screen.

63

Select ,,Score." The option is not implemented. Selectionof this option will display the option not implemented messagewindow (see Figure 65).

I=.x)owr -X--.0. S.U--sdy W-bzuz. 20, 2332 2:3, 0ia

Teit Calibrate Realtimns 1eadak offload

lPr~oang (], * ] -3. or [o-I to so". iElir ]tto moelect. (MC] to "eturn

Figure 65. Score option.

Select "Offload." Selection of this option will display theOffload Menu (see Figure 66). The Offload Menu has two options,Aggregated Weapon Station Data (AWSD) and Data Base Files (DBF).These options are not implemented (see Post Processing Operationsto offload data). Selection of either option will display theoption not implemented message window (see Figure 67 and Figure68).

i 2C(.") nge Ye= V1to .0. !k"UiY ,ebz 20, 2392 2v31 Vi

Test Callbwate 31saLthae Feedbak 0f flood

Prancs t . (t-, -1 or I.-I to avoe. (U, to eleoot. [MeC] to return

Figure 66. Offload menu.

64

3AC(R t~z~tyot V1.*09 VhmiadY 1.bXUMz 20, 1992 293 6 p

Toot Ca21hrate mmts eiaXOggload

vr~s 6). M-] or1-1 oa t-olum to -- t hzmtora

Figure 67. AWSD option.

wr "a-mr I!L 1 'TXcv vs. 09 12MMei ysbZ%"u 20, 1332 2209 VU

coxjbrmte Umoltium !Smibsak Otfload

Whim ham not bor UW]LentoiMOM to Omintdwo !j

Pro. 43.CM. [-I OWE*--] to xwovo(3f= to molest. EMC] to roturn

Figure 68. DBF option.

65

Data AcgMisition Station (DAMs Onerations

The DAS software is started by typing "DAB" at the MS-DOSprompt. Once the software is running, the DAB Main Menu willappear (see Figure 69).

uAZ(R)flnuaa~t Sat. v.O0 gbinoay1.baz 20, 1002 42147

au 0a1~mtFeedback

po [C3'. Ct)I# 9-3 - I to f ai e ,we. ( to eleOat, [MCI to we&==n

Figure 69. DAS main menu.

The following is a brief explanation about the DAS Main Menuoptions and the procedures needed to perform DAS operations.

PTS test. At the DAS with the system in the Main Menu,select the "Test" option (see Figure 70). The PTS test isnormally performed at the RCS. Refer to the System Test andCalibration procedures for this test.

3*10UZ40 CU 0 2 2252.Wat: C 1! . JUS -.UMW (haS0) 3-1309 0.00.01000

on-awe 22 q15 Sqad0natwe 000000000

waon 943. CIt]* 1C C l-3ftO e UWCT3 to EM104. [Rea to wte%==

Figure 70. Test menu.

66

Weapon system test. Select the "Weapon" option (labelequates to the weapon type you are connecting to (see Figure71]).

Ensure that the correct weapon type code has been entered before preforming the test(refer to RTS setup if weapon tabet does not match weapon system).

Selection of this option results in the display of boxescorresponding to weapon events (see Figure 71).

0amal "on~ stsatn COMM) 63cwwSMCR UW Ss Ogmd Z~isa 1101000000

1 2 2 4 5 4 7 0S a - O A FI ING m I

2.64 1 4.6:3211 , :131 76.01 7., 9.421 3.I111.4-05i 4.60 5.52 6.23 7.001 7- .

Dims Conw=] to togas1 emmam8. 928MC to m-ft.

Figure 71. Weapon test.

The weapon system shoutd be connected to the DAS coputer 1epon System Interface (CSI)connector (refer to chapter on System Preparation and Installation).

The gunner performs a normal engagement using the weaponsystem. As each weapon switch is activated and then deactivated,the DAS computer should display these events as a function oftime (see Figure 71). This display provides the means for theoperator to determine that the weapon events are being receivedat the DAS.

NM

The operator simpLy views the display shite the gunner soes through the compLeteenoagemnt Process. If event ;,tries are not displayed properly, restart the

OAS coeputer and re-run this procedure. Calt mintenance if problem inreceiving weapon inputs contline.

67

Calibrats. At the DAS with the system in the Main Menu,select the "Calibrate" option (see Figure 72). Each PTS must becalibrated prior to being used in any training or testapplication. The defaults which appear initially are notaccurate. Each target should be calibrated in sequence three orfour times when the system is initially emplaced. Targets willnot require calibration again unless they are repositioned ormaintenance was performed on the air system.

This procedure is best acco€ptished at the DAS ctosest to the REG position., o I lat v2..0 Baa 20. 1 2 i22057

Deta, Aequh-o theo 4the~b m u; 0, 3 • 8~uw @000000.00&VImIM ~u2 gsunners o00000o0o

%%-.oft--* mm VsmibsI

l e. 8, It3. [~-3 oW(-3 to mov [rito eleot. [(3=0] to ratim

Figure 72. Calibrate menu.

Use the "UP" arrow and "DOWN" arrow keys, or the numbercorresponding to the PTS to highlight the PTS you desire tocalibrate. Press <<ENTER>> to select the highlighted PTS number.When the data link is made with the selected stand, the PTScommands display will appear at the center of the screen (seeFigure 73).

68

lCWs 12 5qa e ~ . 00000000

I V=3

-11i" t " ' .... o,,

71,r. (14 WC it? to me". nwlin to slt. [MCI to zun

Figure 73. PTS selection.

Select $$Up.$ The operator must press the <<ENTER>> keyimmediately when the target first appears, thereby calibratingthe "Unmasked" time. The operator again presses <<ENTER>> whenthe target is in its fully raised position, thereby calibratingthe time for "Raised." Next the operator selects and enters"Down", and then presses <<ENTER>> when the target is no longervisible, thereby calibrating the time for "Masked." Each step isfully prompted and interactive (see Figures 74 through 78).

mOalca 3am. aImL.Sa Ot. V1.:9 WI Oab V h1 24. 130 10I33 -. 0 L I O2f U n 0000000000

C U 11mimev 06600000000

Wren. 1#3 Ow 113 "o a.-* gins to ýk [awlt 130 we euz

Figure 74. Up command.

69

omega3) BL.Imwr SONW 'l. 3adT Vebzu&3Y 24. 1932 lotEMata aoquh. ttaa cis" OS qwad 1aaazrs 00005060000

rv"a."v*w 12 Squa NUMx 000000000

TvmtM GaILOWNIC am ca

l Abort

Free" [63 aw [*3 to RO., [(wz= to 041110t, KCUS to aa

Figure 75. Unmasked command.

32=0(2 Nar aZ- Y"i 1. Y* iftbuamsaw a4. 1332 10:36 t-sData AUquim 3ie =P"~*sqa l~audeva 000000000LYWIMU Cue., 12 Squadamen 000000000

quint Culaibata gum~.0

pavat [4 Or K# o voa, WgmIn t" ealeat, [=a) to inemaum

Figure 76. Raised command.

A=C0 (2 a! alt ytmw.0 mbay iuumary 24, 1332 10og aData Acul ie 02) ESqa loander:s 000005040:00

LYWIS~mCue.: 12 Squa nnerw 0000000

Test Calibrate Sam eaI

rM~iAborti

proestm [4) or (92 to .Win. C3j to sae1aft. (USC) to wtz

Figure 77. Down command.

70

--AZ(XJIWM eyeten W1. 09 weaday we"'Oftz 24. 1302 3-O0S El0

ww. 12 aA2 ý •l 000000000ooo

900t De-,bga. ?..dbaI

Sire. c13ro ft3 t: oe rtml5o uwea , to Ul=]t 102t zotuz

Figure 78. Masked command.r7r

The system automaticatly seLects the options in order reqJiring the operator topress only the 4<ENTER" key to caLibrate each function. Each tim the process

is repeated for a given target the computer wilt derive the average over altsamples for each caLibration event.

Select "Status." This option provides target informationand status to be displayed on the right of the screen (see Figure79).

&Z@(3 aaweaxmt e *ytV 1.00 Mond77azy 26.unr 1,0 -S I"12 aqO52E 000000000

uses (RDe thaxt. Iu eha

E ~ ~ : )l :~enti L7217 DelaysIDelaab ys 10

Pr,.s JWCI to Ow€ e ,

Figure 79. Status.

Seleot "Abort." Select this option anytime during thecalibration phase to abort the current calibration beingperformed.

71

Select "Reset." Select this option to return to thedefaults associated with the selected target.

The following procedure is cordJcted onty once for each crew in their assigned rotes(i.e., tem chief and gunner).

ShouLd they change roLes then perfom this procedure again.

The RTS system requires the crews to be identified toautomticatty assign and track crews.

Select "BSN." At the DAS with the system in the main menu,select SSN (see Figure 80). This option provides the means forthe operator to identify the crew by their roles (i.e., squadleader and squad gunner.

&=XccU User.Mmzqt systmn V1.09 MoncaY 1eb'uar 20, 199 2:02Data ,JejquL..Lam "enstL.e (im 5) 03 Md• , @0000000s&ayaamm ,ozrve X2 S unner ooooooooo

-zest calibtt am3 Feedback

Pro 6. (83 ("1* o•1U--1 t- umao 3 tro UOf t. (3:[C] to ZOtfl

Figure 80. SSN menu.

InRut Og. The DAS operator selects the squad leader andgunner options, respectively (see Figure 81 and Figure 82), andwill either enter or change the social security numbers tocoincide with those of the current crew. To reenter numbers,simply backspace over those displayed and type in the new ones.

72

0 00 ,aWq O a -t. .Avw''r. wl. , 03 %lU2WMdy F~b:u 20. 992 2:s03 ]vmDa ) 3al. Tl;•tn (s5) * Z,.ders 000000000

,v'uM0 C 8z'm' Z2 S ua GurumrS 00000000

Faen &Ibteb saw af

|Zn*r -qua,"d leNAde Mai 0000000 00

Wers [C 'WUt3 to oantlnue. CZ/C3 to aenael

Figure 81. Squad leader SSN.

,rt.,- SYMMUMW1..o Thzadawy V.b: aoo, 1392 2o03 p,

[-Test IiIIIaZ12britAe saw :9 edmb*C3 I

ntew gunner sU8 0 0000000000

Vr... [£MU~] to .amtinue,, [(C=] to omnoe3

Figure 82. Gunner SSN.

accept 0SN. Press <<ENTER>> to accept the SSNs once theyare correct.

am

The DAS mut be In the rmin wnu to run Reattim.Failure to be In the mmn mw wiltt result in the

DAS not running the selected scenario.

Btiltime. Realtime is an option invoked by the RCS. Oncethe RCS operator has started realtime the DAS will receive adownload from the RCS. During the download the DAS display willreflect that the DAS is in the Remote Mode (see Figure 83).

73

uICCUt) maims TaxWt systAn V1.09 -ay ? .bsuay 24, 1332 1 o o& V ALEU O s-avt ( UquadDM 03 000000000

emont. 13.4

Figure 83. Remote mode.

Once the download is complete the DAS will wait for thestart of scenario (see Figure 84).

A V J I2 1 O B I • L 8 l M . . 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Figure 84. Waiting for start.

Alert the arev. After all downloads are complete, the RCSoperator will start the scenario. Once the start is received bythe DAS it starts realtime and displays a "Targets" window(showing the targets in the scenario with their correspondingfunction key), a "Squad Leader" window (showing Squad Leaderevents and their keys), and a "Squad Gunner" window (showingSquad Gunner events and their keys) (see Figure 85). The DASoperator announces the start of scenario by a voice alert (e.g.,"RED TIGHT"). At this point the crew performs their targetengagement functions. The DAS operator observes the crew toenter any events not automatically recorded.

74

104CMSWS33aO uaerl 00000000

01~ - 0,43p 9 [1e1 Datect by

3rnindly Zo

Io -zr ,mIh- - D I

Figure 85. Realtime.

-wThe DAS operator is not required to designate the target in singte target scenarios.

The system automaticalty designates the target In singte target scenarios.

The DAS operator must be attentive during the scenario to ensure thatthe data is entered exactLy when the crew preform the event.

Practice is required to ensure proper data entry.

Desianate the taroet. When a target becomes available tothe weapon crew a flashing arrow is displayed next to the targetnumber in the Targets window (see Figure 86). When the crewfirst detects a target and announces "contact," the DAS operatormust determine which target the crew is working (the crew pointsand voices the o'clock of the target at the target). The DASoperator designates the target by pressing the correspondingfunction key.

Targets are designated by the following keystrokes:

<<1>> designates a flying target.

<<Fl>> designates the PTS at eleven o'clock far

<<F2>> designates the PTS at twelve o'clock far

<<F3>> designates the PTS at one o'clock far

<<F7>> designates the PTS at eleven o'clock near

<<F8>> designates the PTS at twelve o'clock near

<<F9>> designates the PTS at one o'clock near

75

fist. ~ ~ X Doutito atatiY 92S 2Sua ed 01000000Crew: 12 S tuad 0mx: 00000000

Equa mad Tar,.zget #3

I Ilor =el Ectl.Z 34.42

z-.au tirs ZN, 51.01Activate 522.18

Squad Olunma Re-an ON.3

Detect fh-D Rnnet 59.87PCiendly Zn JA-I 313 425.01noetil.. XD MX-E

mJLZawM

Figure 86. PTS data entry window.

STaCjet V1.te ¶09 Monday February 24, 2992 10*$ -oaA"U.tation '(33) #3 Sudzemadars 000000AYUI~~ crews 12 Squa 1whuers 0000000

Tarvets mqan" Leadeor

ITS 9 ["13 DetectW~~riaadly Zn ibaGSelat (MSCI Deame rim es

irul~y Znxv EP

Figure 87. PTS and FTS realtime.

Sahz(R) madn Maoendeas¶2 ay February 34. %go,32 10:27 an0~ t Aeulatic Sttion(WA) 0 Sqad madem. 000000000

avinoin2.2Squd Ge~s000000000D

iriTVl [793 CII agata RD 407

Ungava 23 6I 4.05DGMaLaGt (3303 Deem. tie IN Alativate 45.54

Arm 46.72

76.9

_______________________________________________________:2___

Enter events. After the target has been designated, the DASoperator immediately enters a <<D>> for Squad Leader detection or<<ALT-D>> for Squad Gunner detection.

When the crew makes their identification and announceshostile or friendly, the DAS operator enters the appropriateletter key: <<H>> for hostile and <<F>> for friendly if theSquad Leader makes the identification or <<ALT-H>> for hostileand <<ALT-F>> for friendly if the Squad Gunner makes theidentification.

When the squad leader gives his command to "engage" or"cease engagement," the DAS operator enters the appropriateletter key: <<E>> for engage or <<C>> for cease engagement (seeFigure 87).

This process is repeated for ait targets being worked in a multiple target scenario.The DAS operator must ensure that the target designated is the target being worked.

To designate additional targets in a scenariothe DAS operator presses the function key correspoxding to the new target.

The DAS operator monitors the gunner events which arecaptured directly from the weapon system. Example: As thegunner acquires the target, for example, and acquisition tone isheard, the tabular display should show that acquisition hasoccurred. If any of the gunner events fail to be logged by thesystem, this should be reported immediately after the end of thescenario to the RCS operator (see Figure 88).

Failure to report missing events will result in missing data.This wf II affect the craos feedback and scoring.

Ensure that once the crew fires on the Lest target in a scenario you allow sufficient timfor missile or roand ftyout. Failure to do so will result in Loss of effects for that target.

scenario Maclete. Once the crew has engaged all targets ina given scenario report to RCS that the scenario is complete.

am

If the DAS operator wishes to provide the crew with feeeAck he or she mast inform the RCS of yur actions.Once complete, remmber to report WEDTM to the ACS.

F66ftck Is provided on the Last scenario run only.

77

Select feedback. At the DAS, with the system in the mainmenu, select Feedback (see Figure 89). This option is selectedif the DAS operator wishes to review or provide to the crew withfeedback.

= AC(3 a. %aWWt 20,U 1%o W332&04IData •Law tLo wtie. (oA) |02.Ata n (10" move Is 3 UadO unnrz 00000000

Calibrate ye ]..dba"k

ITrIall

it-em C']. M][. 0 1'-] to [-oe. (%anJO eleaoe= [USC] to WttM

Figure 89. Feedback menu.

Mel

Negative task event ranges are associated with egressing FTS aircraft;positive event ranges refer to ingressing targets).

Review feedback. Selection of this option results in thedisplay of performance data along with the applicable standardsfor the level of difficulty of the scenario (see Figure 90).

ZNyRIR~r-atte sa v21 0 Monday V"=~a U"=192 l1823

Data A I. ti. VDas CM07a0000~VIAMPL n 12l OusW~ Ohmnan. @000000000

•oinarlo 22 T TEi. statusm Crit.iraaq Jt Lan =, AVeo -D, -a. a Mo aiteria IV&

im a MWM WIM -P ED NOH Crtairls imod"l -65 WI -30 IF2 10 m• €r1tawia u/

ZR -A- a 2e INo itawa =-30 12 Me CrIte.is

310 2 so CriteriaShOes cmrzo in -30 LYE 2 Nea Critatiaal

ZO-3 IR 2 We IItOZi&

Uffoot 2 umL

woo. g[smo) to AMLt

Figure 90. Feedback.

78

Multiple taraets. If there were multiple targets,subsequent target feedback can be viewed by toggling forward orbackward using the <<TAB>> keys.

79

Position-Looation Station (PLS) ODerations

Once the PLS is energized, the PLS Main Menu will appear(see Figure 91). The main menu can also be activated by typing",'PLS" after the operating system prompt (C:\RTS with flashing "-"cursor). The option "TEST" will be highlighted initially, butany option can be selected by moving the highlighter with thearrow keys and pressing <<ENTER>> to accept. The "TEST" optionhas two suboptions: "TRACK" (PLS tracking test) and "ORIENT"(PLS orientation test) (see Figure 92).

=AC ER)U3aam VezotU 1 ~m v.09 Velofy 1.bziamz 23, Z932 2941 RM

n (40 , 1 t3 , 1-- W -3t Sam. Usv. /zm.t@o Da"S", (=a] to ts =

Figure 91. PLS main menu.

ua .W9)rane tau~t 8efto V1.09 WI~dmy VehVUaZy 21. 1392 2842 a

Rasite. Le ste ta"tls (PM) 63L

P20-. 143. 3V . 1-3 o1 (-Its MMU J10 1MIte aelast, [(M30 to

Figure 92. PLS test menu.

80

0~~i.MIND

Ensure personneL are c•ear of the Laser and camree area (top of Transport traiLer).

FaiLure to do o may result in injury to personneL.

Ensure that the Laser is pointing at a retro-refLectorto provid proper returns.

Select "Track." Selection of this option will activate thelaser system and provide a "Target Tracking" screen (see Figure 93).This screen displays track data associated with the currentorientation of the laser. The tracking display also provides labelsthat indicate tracking mode (i.e., automatic, semi-auto or manual)and laser status (i.e., on track, off track, or failed).

=fffM)MS~t=Wt=M .09 r~iday 701bUa2 21.. 1332 2850 a

toot Calibrate

VIxVr Wckki

W $ma 434. 56031,1 122aV.1 -13333 0

8r " 1 74" 174 47" -•42:

s ava.tlmI. 35U 34:48 -O..&S

Ptwgu [we] to -at

Figure 93. Target tracking window.

If the laser loses track (i.e., the laser is not receivingthe signal from the retro-reflector), the labels will switch to"Semi-Auto" mode and "Off Track" (see Figure 94). Loss of trackwill also cause the PLS to put out an audible tone (the operatorcan disable the tone by depressing the space bar on the PLScomputer). In semi-automatic mode, the operator repositions thelaser using the trackball until the target reappears in thecamera display (described later in this section). This willresult in the labels switching back to "Automatic" and "OnTrack." The audible tone at the PLS will turn off once track isre-established.

81

S&Za( ) ma %&qe Sqt M .09 WrIdaI' Vwamax 21, 1332 3347-

I~l•ItL m 8 CU:S CI t61o exit"

Figure 94. Semi-auto and of f track labels.

PLS tracking mode is controlled by operator use of thetrackball (see Figure 95).

D l l22 " a ° a z

Figure 95. PLS trackball console.

To change tracking modes press the left button on thetrackball while observing the tracking screen. The label shouldchange between AUTOMATIC and MANUAL (see Figure 96 and Figure97).

82

mcaaXl sums SuZyut Wyn W.09 Priay 1abuTal. 2X1, 32 2842 -

PEEPgnc o 1

ISSI

12 - 4: 1 4 4: *1

Lami3,&5 34:98.al

pro" ase *a33t omit

Figure 96. "Mautnual" label.

dipa een.•

Tout•

'lJ~ms31412=

II 174 " a da: °::"67:Z LO,&AAMlI 3:l 38:8.18 al -

Figure 97. "Manutoal" label.

dipa screen.4

If the laser is tracking the wrong target, switch to"MANUAL" mode by pressing the left button on the trackball(pressing the middle button will interrupt the laser transmissionof the current track; pressing the right button will stop thelaser's movement in azimuth and elevation). Reorient the laserwith the trackball so that it is on the correct target and select"AUTOMATIC" by pressing the left button again. The coordinates"of the selected target and the azimuth and elevation of the lasershould be consistent with the values obtained during registrationof that target.

83

The PLS should be tested to ensure that automatic trackingis operating. The primary method of test is to launch an fixed-wing target with retro-reflectors mounted and see if the lasersystem will track the target automatically. The secondary methodis to position the spotter down range with the registration pole(retro-reflector mounted). Ensure you have good laser track in"MANUAL" then switch to "AUTOMATIC" (press the left button on thetrackball), and have the spotter move from his present locationto another. The spotter should keep the retro-reflector facingthe laser at all times during this test. The laser shouldautomatically follow the spotter. As long as the laser receivesreturns, the "On-Target" label is present. If the laser losesthe target, the "Off-Target" label will appear and the systemwill go to semi-automatic mode.

The "SEMI-AUTOMATIC" mode allows the operator to realign thelaser with the target. Periodically the laser may lose track ofa maneuvering target. Using the trackball and camera theoperator can adjust the azimuth and elevation of the laser tothat of the target. "SEMI-AUTOMATIC" provides the means for theoperator to regain track and continue operations.

In the event of a laser failure the label will switch to"FAILED" (see Figure 98).

S&Z(3 3we Mazwet 91 tamy1. 9 VrdA~y Wemazy 21. 1932 2t44

•J,,mo10 aTs "Pettmz•8i.et 62XLK

A.= ILT" 34.79" -0.97'l a1 at. s 3" 40.79, 0.18

hNms (3303 to I1t

Figure 98. Laser "Failed" label.

Select ,,orient." This option will prompt the operator foran orientation position number (see Figure 99). Theorientation position number is typically associated with a launchand recovery area for flying targets.

Ensure all persomeL are clear of the roof of the transport trailer.Faf lure to do so my result in Injury to personnel.

84

Press <<ENTER>> to accept position number. This will causethe laser to position to the desired location.

I s€aa •1a ui pst .x. ,.

P-". [ !,• to m•atiinm (=a]o moel

Figure 99. Position prompt.

Status. This option displays the current azimuth andelevation of the laser on the right of the screen (see Figure100).

".IC(I,) ,an•., • ;y 8.Um ,,.09 I,4., 1.bu,. 21. i,992 2s53,,-

Test Cabt

ZWOMI 3M" Co74"ntOriwaas 242: a ?

Irvas'aon 2 3:

Px"S [we] to suit

Figure 100. Orientation window.

Select "Calibrate.- This option is not implemented.

85

Laser Ballistics Simulator (LBO) ODerations

The Laser Ballistics Simulator is a stand alone component ofthe RTS. It can be deployed independent of the DAS and RCS toprovide gunner training. Refer to the manufacturers'documentation for operating procedures (see Maintenance andSupply, and Related User Documentation).

Pop-uD Target System :PTO) ODerations

The Pop-up Target Systems are stand alone components of theRTS. They can be deployed with the RCS to present pop-up targettraining or testing in isolation. Refer to the Range TargetSystem (RTS) Operations Manual, Annex 1: Pop-up Target System(PTS) Operations and Maintenance Reference Manual for detailedinstructions for operations.

Flying Target System (FPS) Overations

The Flying Target System is a stand alone component of theRTS. It can be deployed with the RCS and PLS to present flyingtarget training or testing in isolation. Refer to the RangeTarget System (RTS) Operations Manual, Annex 2: Flying TargetSystem (FTS) Operations and Maintenance Reference Manual fordetailed instructions for operations.

Additionally, the FTS can be supplied as a service to RTS.This requires the use of contractors to provide the flyingservices needed for RTS operations.

86

Post-ProcessingO verations

Post-processing operations provide the means to perform theRTS software options not yet implemented (scoring and offload).This section provides the instructions to perform thoseoperations.

The operations are stand-alone functions and can be runindependent of each other. They are executed at the RCS fromthe operating system prompt (C:\RTS). To exit RTS perform thefollowing procedures.

1. At the RCS with the system in the RTS Main Menu, press<<ESC>>. This will cause the system to prompt the operator toleave RTS.

2. Highlight the "Yes" option and press <<ENTER>>.

RTS software will terminate and return to the operatingsystem prompt (C: \RTS).

Performance Scoring Reports. Performance scoring overseveral scenarios can be generated and printed at the RCS. Torun scoring perform the follow procedures.

1. At the operating system prompt (C:\RTS) type "RTSCORE"then press <<ENTER>>.

2. Press <<ENTER>> again to clear the screen of thesoftware copyright screen. The system will then prompt the userfor the crew number(s) for which scoring is desired (see Figure101).

RUTTODA" II1 8%,,Z3@ COW i . T WONU = 002.0

ZUTU TODA, *DIS WWMG MW XmIlE ZADZM 3•U 0010

Figure 101. Scoring crew numbers.

When entering the crew niers the user OIT use leading zeros(i.e., crew 10 wouLd be entered 0010).

lcoring can be run on one crew or soverl cram.The user has the option to enter one crew nmber as

starting end ending crew ndemr or a rane of crew k-'ers.

87

3. Enter starting crew number. Then press <<ENTER>> toaccept.

4. Enter ending crew number. Then press <<ENTER>> toaccept.

Once the crew numbers are entered the system willautomatically score the performance over all relevant scenarios,for both FTS and PTS scenario types, for each difficulty level,and for every crew requested, and generate a Scoring Report (seeFigure 102). Scoring is usually performed at the end of a seriesof scenario test or training sessions but can be performed aftereach scenario run.

Offload. RTS software automatically uploads data from eachDAS after each scenario. All performance data collected duringthe training or test session are subsequently stored on the harddisk in the RCS computer. This process makes the dataretrievable for future reference. The procedure used to retrievethe data is called "OFFLOAD". Offload should be performed, at aminimum, at the close of each day of operation (training or testsession). Because the "OFFLOAD" option on the RCS is notimplemented from the main menu, a batch file is supplied. Followthese procedures to offload the data.

1. Place a formatted, blank floppy disk in drive "A" of theRCS computer and close the diskette drive latch.

2. At the prompt type "OFFLOAD." This will run a batchfile that will copy the data to the floppy disk in drive "A".

The data files that should be copied to disk are:

AWSD.DBF (data file)CREWS.DBF (crew numbers)SCENHEAD.DBF (scenario lookup file)SCENPHTS.DBF (PHT scenarios)SCENFTS.DBF (FTS scenarios)

Once the batch file has completed the copying of the datafiles, the system should return to the prompt (C:\RTS).

3. To ensure that all files have been copied to disk, type"DIR A:" then press <<ENTER>>.

This will display a directory of the floppy in drive "A".Check to see that all the above files are present and that thefiles reflect the proper time and date (when the copy was made).If there is a problem with the files repeat step 2 and 3. If allfiles are present and times and dates are correct, remove thefloppy from drive "A" and return it to the analysis center fordata reduction and statistical analyses.

88

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TxXZ or DETECT 6.2 VAXLM CZttV=UNTXK alpID Z12. 0 7AZLx C=2=b0N9vy M or X"i 4.7 raxzTs CgZT=bah 4ThU air USPIACM 0. 4 JCCNUl CZRT~ION ITZZC or AOUI3 4.0 25ZT CKITIROW AThUZ or 14CR-CU 4.0 VATIA CSZVM=00 2*TMU alp SUPUS-ELSATI 32 WA* 3 i~za ZTICl aTzhi or lIpx 3.*0 7211.3 CItIVCU aTOTAL T3M 24.3 1211.3 CIUZZRCO &

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% DETECTED 63.3 F2PZ.I3IG goa IDINTIFIED 83.3 FAI=lIN tork COREzCT I0 83.3 PlASSING so0 Ac vDESTM0WED 466.7 FAILING got EoSTEIzm am 200.0 PASSXING of% FR3I9NDS CORK ID 30.0o wAz~zHz soft 0STZZZS CORK ID X06.6 VASAZNG asW ATT2IXTZIC 3.00.*0 PASSING IN% ORZWAKMZ Y4CZ168D 23.0 TAILING I.

Cas 7 11/28/49 2:a31:t31 WEAPON: STXN4=SQUAD ZZADXM SAN -CIMuuM a" -

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SANCIE OF DLELECT 14073 MUSES CMXT=OK 1.100032110 or ID 7055 NESTS CUITUZON 6000RANGE or 1FF 12966 WEEXT CRIXTION 6000RANGE oF XWIGAC 6936 MHlES CRITUZXON 5500RANGE OF WCX=-ON 6553 1UT CRITERION 5000RtammE oF FIRE S747 KEW2S CRITERION 4000

SPASS -FAXIL DETERUXUATI@N

arm SCORE STATUS cRIxvTERA

qS DEE D 100.0 PASSING 9it ID1I'IFIED 100.0 PIASSINIG 990 COvtcT ID 100.0 PASSING 75It AC DESTNGTErD 100.0 PASSING 7016 NOSITILES UE 100.0 PAISMIXI s0*6 mWOLM IZS 00 D 100.*0 PASSING1 9041 ATTRITION 100.0 PASSims s0a ostxMANCZ RELEASED 0.*0 PASSING 315

CREMs 7 11./28/09 L2332s03 IMMAUcas STINGERSQUAD LEADER saw

Figure 102. Scoring report.

89

Maintenance and Supply

Maintenance 8UDnOrt

RTS is a government owned, contractor operated andmaintained system. The following describes the type of supportavailable.

Local site representatives. Local Site Representatives arethe primary source of assistance. They are knowledgeable aboutthe configuration of the RTS, its applications, and specialrequirements of the user they serve. The Local SiteRepresentatives are backed by Depot Representatives.

Denot representatives. Depot Representatives are highlytrained, professional hardware and software maintenance supportpersonnel. They provide backup maintenance and repair support tothe Local Site Representatives.

Provisionina. RTS is designed to work with ratherparticular equipment; substitutions of recommended supplies andspares can affect the reliability, availability, andmaintainability of the system. Refer to the various hardwaremanuals in the Reference Publication section for recommendedsupplies and spares. Some of the general supplies that should beobtained in sufficient quantities include printer paper andribbons, PTS rotor blades, a variety of fuses, and a variety ofbatteries (for radios, PTS, FTS transmitters and receivers,etc.).

Related User Dooumentation

The "ADA Engagement Qualification Range Tables" documentexplains how to make use of the performance criteria and isincluded with the RTS. This manual is a reference guide toevaluating soldiers according to known standards of performanceand focusing training where deficiencies exist.

There are also a number of reference manuals associated withthe hardware and software components. These vendor manualsprovide additional information on operations, preventivemaintenance of the equipment, spares, and supplies. The listwhich follows includes important documentation that should bereviewed prior to attempting system operations.

The following lists all field manuals, technical manuals,and miscellaneous publications that are useful to operate RTS.

Field Manuals

Air Defense Artillery Employment forChaparral/Vulcan/Stinger FM 44-3

91

Avenger Squad Operations FM 44-31

First Aid FM 21-11

FAAD/SHORAD Battery OperationsFor Heavy Divisions FM 44-53

Technical Manuals

Cleaning Solvents and Compounds TM 9-247

Operator's Manual for GuidedMissile System, STINGER/IFF TM 9-1425-429-10

Operator's Manual for Guided MissileBattery Control Central, VehicleMounted AVENGER Air DefenseWeapon System TM 9-1425-433-10

Operator's Manual for CHAPARRALM48A2 Air Defense GuidedMissile System TM 9-1425-2586-10

Operator's Manual for GUN,Air Defense Artillery,TOWED 20-MK M167A2(VULCAN, Basic and PIVADS) TM 9-1005-318-10

Operator's Manual for GUN,Air Defense Artillery,SELF-PROPELLED 20-M0 M163A1(VULCAN, Basic and PIVADS) TM 9-2350-300-10

Operator's and OrganizationalMaintenance Manual,Storage Batteries,Lead-Acid Type TM 9-6140-200-14

Miscellaneous Publications (Eardware)

DataWorld Portacomp II 286 User's Guide

Onguard PC Series Uninterruptable Power System User's Manual

ESTeem Modem User's Manual

Okidata Microline 390 and 391 Printers Reference Guide

VideoTek Inc. Service Manual (color monitor)

Installation, Operation, and Maintenance Manual for 1830 and1860 Series Environmental CCD NTSC Color Cameras

92

Installation and Operation Manual PT125ODC Heavy Duty PanTilt

SAAB BT-53 Anti-Aircraft Missile Simulator Operator's andMaintenance Manual

SAAB BT-53 Laser System Test and Calibration Procedures

Honda EX3300S/4500S Owner's Manual

PTS Operations and Maintenance Reference Manual

FTS Operations and Maintenance Reference Manual

Miscellaneous Publications (Software)

Dbase III

DB Files Reference Guide

DB2C Function Library

DT2811 Data Translation Reference Manual

DigiBoard Installation Guide Reference Manual

MicroSoft Library (several manuals)

MS/DOS Utilities

MS Assembler Reference Manual

Greenleaf Communications Library

"C" Worthy Interface Library

Polymake User's Manual

Programmer's PC Sourcebook

93

Miscellaneous References

Berry, M. G., & Barber, A. V. (1990). Ranae Target System (RTS)

operations manual: Annex 1: Pop-uD Taraet System (PTS)operations and maintenance reference manual (ARIResearch Product 91-02). Alexandria, VA: U.S. ArmyResearch Institute for the Behavioral and SocialSciences. AD A230096.

Berry, M.G., & Barber, A.V. (1990). Range Target System (RTS)operations manual: Annex 2; Flying Target System (FTS)oDerations and maintenance reference manual (ARIResearch Product 91-03). Alexandria, VA: U.S. ArmyResearch Institute for the Behavioral and SocialSciences. AD A229890.

Department of the Army Headquarters (1988). Standards in weaponstranjM (TRADOC Pan 350-38). Washington, DC: Headquarters,Department of the Army.

Nomenclature Cross-Reference

The following is a list of common names for equipmentreferenced in this manual. The common name is used in thismanual in lieu of nomenclature.

COMMON NB NOMENCLATUMCamera CCD NTSC Color Camera SystemComputer AT286 IBM CloneGenerator Honda EX3300S GeneratorLaser SAAB BT-53 Laser SystemLBS SAAB BT-53 Anti-Aircraft Missile SimulatorModem Esteem RF ModemPan Tilt PT125ODC Heavy Duty Pan TiltPrinter Okidata Microline 390 PrinterUPS Onguard PC Series Uninterruptable Power

Supply

94

References

Barber, A. V. (1987). The Realistic Air Defense EnaaaementSystem (RADES): Three years of research results. ElPaso, TX: Science Applications InternationalCorporation.

Drewfs, P. R., Barber, A. V., Johnson, D. M., & Frederickson, E.W. (1988). Validation of the Realistic Air DefenseEngagement System (RADES) (ARI Technical Report 789).Alexandria, VA: U.S. Army Research Institute for theBehavioral and Social Sciences. AD A198289.

Johnson, D., Barber, A. & Lockhart, J. (1988). The effect oftarget backaround and aspect angle on performance ofStinaer teams in the Realistic Air Defensee EngagementSystem (RADES) (ARI Technical Report 822). Alexandria,VA: U.S. Army Research Institute for the Behavioral andSocial Sciences. AD A207283.

List of Abbreviations and Acronyms

The following is a list of the abbreviations and acronymsused in this manual. It is recommended that the usersfamiliarize themselves with these terms.

ADA Air Defense ArtilleryANT AntennaARI U.S. Army Research Institute for the

Behavioral and Social SciencesASSY AssemblyAUTO AutomaticAWSD Aggregated Weapon Station DataAZ AzimuthBRT BrightCCW CounterclockwiseCKT BKR Circuit BreakerCOMm CommunicationsCRT Cathode Ray TubeCW ClockwiseDAS Data Acquisition StationDBF Data Base FilesEL ElevationESX Engagement Simulation ExerciseFAAD Forward Area Air DefenseFREQ FrequencyFTS Flying Target SystemGFCI Ground Fault Circuit IsolatorGND GroundGSE Ground Support EquipmentIR InfraredKC/KHz Kilocycle/KilohertzLBS Laser Ballistics SimulatorLCD Liquid Crystal Display

95

LFX Live Fire ExerciseMAN ManualMANPADS Man Portable Air Defense SystemMC/MHz Megacycle/MegahertzNORM NormalOAC Output Alternating CurrentODC Output Direct CurrentPHTS Pop-up Target System (also known as PTS)PIVADS Product Improved Vulcan Air Defense SystemPLS Position-Location SystemPMCS Preventive Maintenance Checks and ServicesPMS Pedestal Mounted STINGER (Avenger)PTL Primary Target LinePTS Pop-up Target System (also known as PHTS)PWR PowerRADES Realistic Air Defense Engagement SimulatorRCS Range Control StationREC ReceiverREG Registration Station (Virtual)RF Radio FrequencyR/T Receiver-TransmitterRTS Range Target SystemRX ReceiveSAIC Science Applications International

CorporationSHORAD Short Range Air DefenseSPKR SpeakerSSN Social Security NumberSW SwitchTOE Table of Organization and EquipmentTRANS TransmitterTX TransmitUPS Uninterruptible Power SupplyVAC Volts Alternating CurrentVDC Volts Direct CurrentWSI Weapon System Interface

96

Glossary

The following is a listing of definitions used throughoutthis manual. It is recommended that the users familiarizethemselves with these terms.

Calibration

A procedure or group of procedures used throughout RTS to ensuresystem performance within specified parameters.

Coordinates

This refers to the position-location of system components interms of a grid and associated "X" and "Y" coordinates. Forexample, the weapon (i.e., the DAS) is usually given thecoordinates 0,0.

Crew number

A computer assigned number that is based on crew members socialsecurity numbers.

Data Acquisition Station (DAB)

The DAS captures weapon responses and provides the means for theoperator to enter squad leader responses during systemoperations.

Download

A process that transfers data from the RCS to the PLS, each DASand each PTS.

Engagement Simulation Exercise (18Z)

An exercise that simulates the firing of live ammunition.

Feedback

A menu option that provides task performance and engagementoutcomes in terms of target range and elapsed time, e.g.,detection, identification, and command to engage or cease fire.Feedback on the following gunner events is provided in terms oftarget range and elapsed time: acquisition interrogation,lock-on, super-elevation, fire, and reattack. Some of the aboveevents are weapon-specific. The following collective summaryfeedback also is provided: identification accuracy, friendly andhostile aircraft engaged, engaged aircraft destroyed, friendlyand hostile aircraft killed, and hostile aircraft releasingordnance.

97

Flying Target System (ITS)

The FTS refers to flying targets and their associated equipment.

Righlighter

All interactive menus used in RTS make use of a highlighter. Thehighlighter appears as reverse video (i.e., a negative image withrespect to the contrast of the rest of the display). Thehighlighter is used to aid the operator in the menu optionselection process.

Instruotor-Evaluator

This is the person in charge of the training and qualification ofSHORAD and or FAAD personnel. Typically this individual is alsoa DAS operator, who performs data collection tasks and providesfeedback to the exercising weapon crew.

Laser Ballistics simulator (LBB)

The LBS is mounted on gun systems (i.e., Vulcan or PIVADS) toprovide hit-miss engagement effects scoring, and to simulatetracer round fly-out to the engaged target.

Live Fire Izeroise (LFX)

An exercise that involves the firing of live ammunition on atraining range.

Menu

A computer generated screen that provides the means for operatorinteraction.

Pan-Tilt Assembly

A device used to position the laser and camera in elevation andazimuth.

Pop-up Target System (PTS)

The PTS is a trailer mounted pneumatic stand-lift mechanism thatis remotely programmed via radio-frequency communications. ThePTS provides the means to simulate a pop-up and hover maneuver.

Position Location station (PLS)

The PLS provides the actual position of a flying target in termsof slant range from the weapon (in OX", my". and "Z"coordinates).

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Primary Target Line (PTL)

This line equates to the 12 o'clock position, or directly downrange, relative to the weapon crew. The PTL is the most likelyavenue of approach for hostile aircraft and is generally at thecenter of the crew's search sector.

Range Control Otation (RCS)

The RCS is the central control point for all RTS operations. TheRCS is the station where system test and calibration checks,initialization of the system, realtime functions, performancescoring, and printing are initiated.

Realtime

The mode of operation that the RTS (all stations) are in whenunder scenario control.

Registration

Procedures used to position-locate system components in terms of"X", "Y" and "Z" coordinates.

Registration station (REG)

The REG is reference point for all components in RTS.

Release

A process that terminates an upload or download, conditioning thestation for the next data transfer.

Remote mode

The mode of operation that the DAS and PLS switch to enabling therunning of realtime.

Repetition number

A computer assigned number that corresponds to either the first,second, or nth time the scenario has been presented to a crew.

Retro-refleotor

Devices that reflect the projected laser beams back to the laserreceiver in order to derive the location coordinates of theobject upon which the reflector is mounted (i.e., registrationpole, DAS, PTS, or FTS).

99

RF Roden

A device used to provide data communications via radio frequency.

RTS set up

A stand-alone software program that provides the means togenerate RTS scenarios and configure and maintain RTS electronicsystem files.

Scenario

An electronic file that scripts by definition which targets willappear, where, when, for how long, at what orientation and range,in what sequence, etc. The scenario can also specify command andcontrol conditions (e.g., alerting and cuing, weapons controlstatus, interrogation response, etc.), difficulty level, terrainconditions, and so forth.

scenario number

A number assigned to a scenario through the use of the RTSETUPprogram.

Scoring

A stand-alone software program that provides detailed crewperformance scoring and feedback, which can be either scenariospecific or averaged over several scenarios.

spotter

This is the person used down range during registration of systemcomponents.

Test

A procedure or group of procedures used throughout RTS to ensuresystem performance and operability.

Uninterruptible Power Supply (UPS)

A device that protects electronic equipment and data from theharmful effects of blackouts, brown-outs, surges, sags, spikes,and transients (i.e., anomalies in the power flow). It alsoprovides limited backup power during sustained low or no voltage.

Upload

A process that transfers data from each DAS to the RCS.

Weapon System Interface (115)

A device that interfaces the weapon to the DAS computer.

100