2.4.1
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2.4.1 Biomes and aquatic ecosystems
5/11/2013 Author-Guru IB/ESS 1
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Major Ecosystems of the World
Biomes
5/11/2013 Author-Guru IB/ESS 2
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Biomes of the World
1. The Tundra
2. Low biotic diversity
alpine vs arctic tundra
1. Extremely cold climate
3. Simple vegetation structure
4. Permafrost limited drainage
5. Short growing season
6. Energy and nutrients in the form
of dead organic material
7. Large population oscillations
5/11/2013 Author-Guru IB/ESS 3
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Biomes of the World
2. The Taiga
1. Band of coniferous trees located
just south of tundra
aka: boreal forest
2. Milder climate and more diverse
biota than tundra 3. Forests subject to heavy logging
pressure. 5/11/2013 Author-Guru IB/ESS 4
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Biomes of the World
3. Temperate Rain
Forest 1. Located on NW coast of No. America
2. Moderate climate and high annual
rainfall
3. Relatively nutrient-poor soils
4. Forests subject to heavy logging
pressure.
5/11/2013 Author-Guru IB/ESS 5
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Biomes of the World 4. Temperate Deciduous Forest
1. Located in the mid-latitude areas
2. Four distinct seasons
3. Short, cold winters & long, hot, wet
summers
4. Trees adapted to the winter with a period
of dormancy and thick bark to protect
them from the cold weather 5/11/2013 Author-Guru IB/ESS 6
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Biomes of the World
5. Grasslands 1. Composed of a rich mix of
grasses and forbs and some of
the world's most fertile soils 2. Semiarid, continental climate
3. Summers tend to be dry
4. Most precipitation falls at start of
growing season
5/11/2013 Author-Guru IB/ESS 7
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Biomes of the World 6. Chaparral (aka: scrub forest)
1. Composed of drought tolerant trees, shrubs,
and grasses
2. Occur in California, coastal Mediterranean,
and south coast of Australia
3. Plants go dormant during very dry summer
4. Most precipitation falls in winter
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Biomes of the World 7. Deserts
1. Arid, with annual rainfall less than 10 in.
2. Plants adapted to conserve water over
long periods (e.g. cacti, sagebrush, and
mesquite) or germinate, develop to
maturity, flower, and produce a new
crop of seeds within a few weeks
following a rain event
3. Animals burrow to escape the heat of the
desert sun
5/11/2013 Author-Guru IB/ESS 9
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Biomes of the World 8. Savanna
1. Tropical grasslands
2. Tropical climate with alternate
wet and dry seasons
3. Characterized by a continuous
cover of perennial grasses
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Biomes of the World 9. Tropical Rain Forests
1. Earth's most complex biome in terms
of structure and species diversity 2. Climate characterized by abundant
precipitation and year round warmth
3. Trees vertically stratification into
three distinct layers
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Aquatic Ecosystems Trophic Levels
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Aquatic Ecosystems Environmental Factors
Temperature
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Aquatic Ecosystems Environmental Factors
Light
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Aquatic Ecosystems Environmental Factors
Salinity
Lake Michigan 0.5 PPT
Baltic Sea
5-15 PPT
The Dead Sea
332 PPT
The Black Sea
16 PPT
The Red Sea & The Persian Gulf
40 PPT
Pacific Ocean
36 PPT
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Aquatic Ecosystems
Environmental Factors
Currents
5/11/2013 Author-Guru IB/ESS 16
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Aquatic Ecosystems
Environmental Factors
Dissolved Oxygen
Dissolved Oxygen (mg/L) D
ep
th (
m)
De
pth
(m
) Temperature (ºC)
Dissolved
Oxygen
Temperature
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Aquatic Ecosystems Zonation
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Aquatic Ecosystems Human Impacts
Waterways across the United States are
contaminated by a medicine chest of antibiotics,
hormones, caffeine, painkillers and other drugs
Agricultural runoff can carry fertilizers, including
traces of antibiotics and hormones, into waterways
5/11/2013 Author-Guru IB/ESS 19