2.4.1 Biomes and aquatic ecosystems. Major Ecosystems of the World Biomes.
2.4.1 Biomes and aquatic ecosystems
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Transcript of 2.4.1 Biomes and aquatic ecosystems
2.4.1 Biomes and aquatic ecosystems
Major Ecosystems of the WorldBiomes
Biomes of the World1. The Tundra
2. Low biotic diversity
alpine vs arctic tundra
1. Extremely cold climate
3. Simple vegetation structure4. Permafrost limited drainage5. Short growing season6. Energy and nutrients in the form
of dead organic material7. Large population oscillations
Biomes of the World3. Temperate Rain
Forest1. Located on NW coast of No. America2. Moderate climate and high annual
rainfall3. Relatively nutrient-poor soils4. Forests subject to heavy logging
pressure.
Biomes of the World4. Temperate Deciduous Forest
1. Located in the mid-latitude areas
2. Four distinct seasons
3. Short, cold winters & long, hot, wet summers
4. Trees adapted to the winter with a period of dormancy and thick bark to protect them from the cold weather
Biomes of the World5. Grasslands
1. Composed of a rich mix of grasses and forbs and some of the world's most fertile soils
2. Semiarid, continental climate3. Summers tend to be dry4. Most precipitation falls at start of
growing season
Biomes of the World6. Chaparral (aka: scrub forest)
1. Composed of drought tolerant trees, shrubs, and grasses
2. Occur in California, coastal Mediterranean, and south coast of Australia
3. Plants go dormant during very dry summer4. Most precipitation falls in winter
Biomes of the World7. Deserts
1. Arid, with annual rainfall less than 10 in.2. Plants adapted to conserve water over long periods (e.g. cacti, sagebrush, and mesquite) or germinate, develop to maturity, flower, and produce a new crop of seeds within a few weeks following a rain event
3. Animals burrow to escape the heat of the desert sun
Biomes of the World8. Savanna
1. Tropical grasslands2. Tropical climate with alternate
wet and dry seasons3. Characterized by a continuous
cover of perennial grasses
Biomes of the World9. Tropical Rain Forests
1. Earth's most complex biome in terms of structure and species diversity
2. Climate characterized by abundant precipitation and year round warmth
3. Trees vertically stratification into three distinct layers
Aquatic EcosystemsTrophic Levels
Aquatic EcosystemsEnvironmental Factors
Temperature
Aquatic EcosystemsEnvironmental Factors
Light
Aquatic EcosystemsEnvironmental Factors
Salinity
Lake Michigan 0.5 PPT
Baltic Sea5-15 PPT
The Dead Sea332 PPT
The Black Sea16 PPT
The Red Sea & The Persian Gulf40 PPT
Pacific Ocean36 PPT
Aquatic EcosystemsEnvironmental Factors
Currents
Aquatic EcosystemsEnvironmental Factors
Dissolved OxygenDissolved Oxygen (mg/L)
Dept
h (m
)
Dept
h (m
)Temperature (ºC)
DissolvedOxygen
Temperature
Aquatic EcosystemsZonation
Aquatic EcosystemsHuman Impacts
Waterways across the United States are contaminated by a medicine chest of antibiotics, hormones, caffeine, painkillers and other drugs
Agricultural runoff can carry fertilizers, including traces of antibiotics and hormones, into waterways