24. Philippine National Bank vs. Cabansag

8/10/2019 24. Philippine National Bank vs. Cabansag

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Philippine National Bank vs. Cabansag

G.R. No. 157010. June 21, 2005.*P!"!PP!N# N$%!&N$" B$N', petitione(, vs. )"&R#NC# &. C$B$N$G,(espon+ent.

Ree+ial "a- $ppeals %he p(ope( o+e o/ (evie- o/ N"RC +eisions,(esolutions o( o(+e(s is b a speial ivil ation /o( e(tio(a(i un+e( Rule5 o/ the Rules o/ Cou(t.3Respon+ent assails, in he( Coent, thep(op(iet o/ Rule 45 as the p(oe+u(al o+e /o( seeking a (evie- o/ theC$ eision a6(ing the N"RC Resolution. uh issue +ese(ves santonsi+e(ation. Respon+ent isop(ehen+s the Cou(ts +isou(se int. 8a(tin )une(al oe v. N"RC, -hih has in+ee+ a6(e+ that thep(ope( o+e o/ (evie- o/ N"RC +eisions, (esolutions o( o(+e(s is b aspeial ivil ation /o( e(tio(a(i un+e( Rule 5 o/ the Rules o/ Cou(t.%he up(ee Cou(t an+ the Cou(t o/ $ppeals have onu((ent o(iginal

9u(is+ition ove( suh petitions /o( e(tio(a(i. %hus, in obse(vane o/ the+ot(ine on the hie(a(h o/ ou(ts, these petitions shoul+ be initiall:le+ -ith the C$.

ae ae !n a petition /o( (evie- on e(tio(a(i, the sope o/ theup(ee Cou(ts 9u+iial (evie- o/ +eisions o/ the Cou(t o/ $ppeals isgene(all on:ne+ onl to e((o(s o/ la-.3!n a petition /o( (evie- one(tio(a(i, the sope o/ the up(ee Cou(ts 9u+iial (evie- o/ +eisionso/ the Cou(t o/ $ppeals is gene(all on:ne+ onl to

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this Cou(t, absent a lea( sho-ing o/ palpable e((o( o( a(bit(a(+is(ega(+ o/ evi+ene.

"abo( "a- "abo( $(bite(s Ju(is+itions "abo( a(bite(s have o(iginalan+ e>lusive 9u(is+ition ove( lais a(ising /(o eploe(@eploee

(elations, inlu+ing te(ination +isputes involving all -o(ke(s, aong-ho a(e &ve(seas )ilipino Ao(ke(s &)A.3Base+ on the /o(egoingp(ovisions, labo( a(bite(s lea(l have o(iginal an+ e>lusive 9u(is+itionove( lais a(ising /(o eploe(@eploee (elations, inlu+ingte(ination +isputes involving all -o(ke(s, aong -ho a(e ove(seas)ilipino -o(ke(s &)A.

ae ae ae Respon+ent subse?uentl beae a ont(at-o(ke( o( an &)A -ho -as ove(e+ b Philippine labo( la-s an+poliies upon e(ti:ation b the P$.3Note-o(th is the /at that(espon+ent like-ise applie+ /o( an+ seu(e+ an &ve(seas #ploent

Ce(ti:ate /(o the P$ th(ough the Philippine #bass in ingapo(e.%he Ce(ti:ate, issue+ on 8a(h D, 1EEE, +ela(e+ he( a bona :+eont(at -o(ke( /o( ingapo(e. =n+e( Philippine la-, this +ouentautho(iFe+ he( -o(king status in a /o(eign ount( an+ entitle+ he( toall bene:ts an+ p(oesses un+e( ou( statutes. %hus, even assuinga(guen+o that she -as onsi+e(e+ at the sta(t o/ he( eploent as a+i(et hi(eH gove(ne+ b an+ sub9et to the la-s, oon p(atiesan+ ustos p(evailing in ingapo(e she subse?uentl beae aont(at -o(ke( o( an &)A -ho -as ove(e+ b Philippine labo( la-san+ poliies upon e(ti:ation b the P$. $t the tie he(eploent -as illegall te(inate+, she al(ea+ possesse+ the P$

eploent Ce(ti:ate.

ae ae ae Ahethe( eploe+ loall o( ove(seas, all )ilipino-o(ke(s en9o the p(otetive antle o/ Philippine labo( an+ soiallegislation, ont(at stipulations to the ont(a( not-ithstan+ing.3> >>. Ahethe( eploe+ loall o( ove(seas, all )ilipino -o(ke(s en9o thep(otetive antle o/ Philippine labo( an+ soial legislation, ont(atstipulations to the ont(a( not-ithstan+ing.

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%his p(onouneent is in keeping -ith the basi publi poli o/ thetate to aIo(+ p(otetion to labo(, p(oote /ull eploent, ensu(ee?ual -o(k oppo(tunities (ega(+less o/ se>, (ae o( (ee+, an+ (egulatethe (elations bet-een -o(ke(s an+ eploe(s. )o( the tate assu(esthe basi (ights o/ all -o(ke(s to sel/@o(ganiFation, olletive

ba(gaining, seu(it o/ tenu(e, an+ 9ust an+ huane on+itions o/ -o(k$(tile K o/ the "abo( Co+e o/ the Philippines ee also etion 1D,$(tile !! an+ etion K, $(tile L!!!, 1ED7 ConstitutionM. %his (uling islike-ise (en+e(e+ ipe(ative b $(tile 17 o/ the Civil Co+e -hihstates that la-s -hih have /o( thei( ob9et publi o(+e(, publi polian+ goo+ ustos shall not be (en+e(e+ ineIetive b la-s o(9u+gents p(oulgate+, o( b +ete(ination o( onventions ag(ee+upon in a /o(eign ount(. H

ae ae ae Being a ig(ant -o(ke( o( ove(seas )ilipino-o(ke(, (espon+ent given the option to hoose the venue o/ he(

oplaint against petitione( /o( illegal +isissal.3=n+e( the 8ig(antAo(ke(s an+ &ve(seas )ilipinos $t o/ 1EE5H R$ D042, a ig(ant-o(ke( (e/e(s to a pe(son -ho is to be engage+, is engage+ o( hasbeen engage+ in a (eune(ate+ ativit in a state o/ -hih he o( she isnot a legal (esi+ent to be use+ inte(hangeabl -ith ove(seas )ilipino-o(ke(.H =n+eniabl, (espon+ent -as eploe+ b petitione( in itsb(anh o6e in ingapo(e. $+itte+l, she is a )ilipino an+ not a legal(esi+ent o/ that state. he thus /alls -ithin the atego( o/ ig(ant-o(ke(H o( ove(seas )ilipino -o(ke(.H $s suh, it is he( option tohoose the venue o/ he( Coplaint against petitione( /o( illegal+isissal. %he la- gives he( t-o hoiesO 1 at the Regional $(bit(ation

B(anh R$B -he(e she (esi+es o( 2 at the R$B -he(e the p(inipalo6e o/ he( eploe( is situate+. ine he( +isissal b petitione(,(espon+ent has (etu(ne+ to the Philippines3spei:all to he((esi+ene at )ilinvest !!, ueFon Cit. %hus, in :ling he( Coplaintbe/o(e the R$B o6e in ueFon Cit, she has a+e a vali+ hoie o/p(ope( venue.

ae isissals ue P(oess %he t-in (e?ui(eents o/ notie an+hea(ing onstitute the essential eleents o/ p(oe+u(al +ue p(oess,an+ neithe( o/ these eleents an be eliinate+ -ithout (unning a/oulo/ the onstitutional gua(antee.3$s a (egula( eploee, (espon+ent

-as entitle+ to all (ights, bene:ts an+ p(ivileges p(ovi+e+ un+e( ou(labo( la-s. &ne o/ he( /un+aental (ights is that she a not be+isisse+ -ithout +ue p(oess o/ la-. %he t-in (e?ui(eents

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o/ notie an+ hea(ing onstitute the essential eleents o/ p(oe+u(al+ue p(oess, an+ neithe( o/ these eleents an be eliinate+ -ithout(unning a/oul o/ the onstitutional gua(antee. !n +isissing eploees,the eploe( ust /u(nish the t-o -(itten notiesO 1 one to app(isethe o/ the pa(tiula( ats o( oissions /o( -hih thei( +isissal issought an+ 2 the othe( to in/o( the o/ the +eision to +isissthe. $s to the (e?ui(eent o/ a hea(ing, its essene lies sipl in theoppo(tunit to be hea(+.

ae ae ae Nothing in the la- gives an eploe( the option tosubstitute the (e?ui(e+ p(io( notie an+ oppo(tunit to be hea(+ -ith

the e(e paent o/ K0 +as sala(.3$ll that petitione( ten+e(e+ to(espon+ent -as a notie o/ he( eploent te(ination eIetive theve( sae +a, togethe( -ith the e?uivalent o/ a one@onth pa. %hisCou(t has al(ea+ hel+ that nothing in the la- gives an eploe( theoption to substitute the (e?ui(e+ p(io( notie an+ oppo(tunit to behea(+ -ith the e(e paent o/ K0 +as sala(.

ae ae Ahen the(e is no sho-ing o/ an lea(, vali+, an+ legalause /o( the te(ination o/ eploent, the la- onsi+e(s the atte(a ase o/ illegal +isissal.3Basi in ou( 9u(isp(u+ene is the p(iniplethat -hen the(e is no sho-ing o/ an lea(, vali+, an+ legal ause /o(

the te(ination o/ eploent, the la- onsi+e(s the atte( a ase o/illegal +isissal.

ae ae aages $-a(+s /o( o(al an+ e>epla( +aages-oul+ be p(ope( i/ the eploee -as ha(asse+ an+ a(bit(a(il+isisse+ b the eploe(.3)inall, o(al +aages a(e (eove(able-hen the +isissal o/ an eploee is atten+e+ b ba+ /aith o(onstitutes an at opp(essive to labo( o( is +one in a anne( ont(a(to o(als, goo+ ustos o( publi poli. $-a(+s /o( o(al an+e>epla( +aages -oul+ be p(ope( i/ the eploee -as ha(asse+an+ a(bit(a(il +isisse+ b the eploe(.

ae ae ae $tto(nes )ees Ahen an ation is institute+ /o(the (eove( o/ -ages, o( -hen eploees a(e /o(e+ to litigate an+onse?uentl inu( e>penses to p(otet thei( (ights an+ inte(ests, theg(ant o/ atto(nes /ees is legall 9usti:able.3%he Cou(t also a6(sthe a-a(+ o/ atto(nes /ees. !t is settle+ that -hen an ation isinstitute+ /o( the (eove( o/ -ages, o( -hen eploees a(e


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/o(e+ to litigate an+ onse?uentl inu( e>penses to p(otet thei((ights an+ inte(ests, the g(ant o/ atto(nes /ees is legall 9usti:able.

P#%!%!&N /o( (evie- on e(tio(a(i o/ the +eision an+ (esolution o/ theCou(t o/ $ppeals.

%he /ats a(e state+ in the opinion o/ the Cou(t.

8a(ino 8. Buban, J(. /o( petitione( PNB.

#lvi(a +e


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K !+., pp. 5E@0.

4 !+., pp. 75@E1.

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&n eebe( 7, 1EED, Ruben C. %obias -(ote a lette( to )lo(ene &.Cabansag oIe(ing he( a tepo(a( appointent, as C(e+it &6e(, at abasi sala( o/ ingapo(e olla(s 4,500.00, a onth an+, upon he(suess/ul opletion o/ he( p(obation to be +ete(ine+ solel, b the

Bank, she a be e>ten+e+ at the +is(etion o/ the

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5 !+., pp. 2@74.

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Bank, a pe(anent appointent an+ that he( tepo(a( appointent-as sub9et to the /ollo-ing te(s an+ on+itionsO

1. ou -ill be on p(obation /o( a pe(io+ o/ th(ee K onseutiveonths /(o the +ate o/ ou( assuption o/ +ut. 2. ou -ill obse(ve the Banks (ules an+ (egulations an+ those thata be a+opte+ /(o tie to tie.

K. ou -ill keep in st(itest on:+ene all atte(s (elate+ tot(ansations bet-een the Bank an+ its lients. 4. ou -ill +evote ou( /ull tie +u(ing business hou(s in p(ootingthe business an+ inte(est o/ the Bank. 5. ou -ill not, -ithout p(io( -(itten onsent o/ the Bank, beeploe+ in an-a /o( an pu(pose -hatsoeve( outsi+e businesshou(s b an pe(son, :( o( opan. . %e(ination o/ ou( eploent -ith the Bank a be a+e beithe( pa(t a/te( notie o/ one 1 +a in -(iting +u(ing p(obation, oneonth notie upon on:(ation o( the e?uivalent o/ one 1 +as o(onths sala( in lieu o/ notie.

)lo(ene &. Cabansag aepte+ the position an+ assue+ o6e. !nthe eantie, the Philippine #bass in ingapo(e p(oesse+ theeploent ont(at o/ )lo(ene &. Cabansag an+, on 8a(h D, 1EEE,she -as issue+ b the Philippine &ve(seas #ploent $+inist(ation,an &ve(seas #ploent Ce(ti:ate, e(ti/ing that she -as a bona:+e ont(at -o(ke( /o( ingapo(e.


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> > > > > > > > >

Ba(el th(ee K onths in o6e, )lo(ene &. Cabansag subitte+ toRuben C. %obias, on 8a(h E, 1EEE, he( initial Pe(/o(ane Repo(t.Ruben C. %obias -as so ip(esse+ -ith the Repo(t that he a+e a

notation an+, on sai+ Repo(tO G&& A&R'. o-eve(, in the eveningo/ $p(il 14, 1EEE, -hile )lo(ene &. Cabansag -as in the Sat, -hih shean+ Ceilia $?uino, the $ssistant e+ at the su++en tu(n o/ events an+the (unabout -a Ruben C. %obias p(ou(e+ he( (esignation /(o theBank. %he ne>t +a, )lo(ene &. Cabansag talke+ to Ruben C. %obiasan+ in?ui(e+ i/ -hat Ceilia $?uino an+ Rosanna a(iento ha+ tol+he( -as t(ue. Ruben C. %obias on:(e+ the ve(ait o/ the

in/o(ation, -ith the e>pla@

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su6ient tie to look /o( anothe( 9ob. Ruben C. %obias tol+ he( that sheshoul+ be out o/ he( eploent b 8a 15, 1EEE.

o-eve(, on $p(il 1E, 1EEE, Ruben C. %obias again suone+)lo(ene &. Cabansag an+ a+aantl o(+e(e+ he( to subit he( lette(

o/ (esignation. he (e/use+. &n $p(il 20, 1EEE, she (eeive+ a lette(/(o Ruben C. %obias te(inating he( eploent -ith the Bank.

> > > > > > > > >

&n Janua( 1D, 2000, the "abo( $(bite( (en+e(e+ 9u+gent in /avo( o/the Coplainant an+ against the Respon+ents, the +e(etal po(tion o/-hih (ea+s as /ollo-sO

A#R#)&R#, onsi+e(ing the /o(egoing p(eises, 9u+gent is he(eb(en+e(e+ :n+ing (espon+ents guilt o/ !llegal +isissal an+ +evoi+ o/

+ue p(oess, an+ a(e he(eb o(+e(e+O

1. %o (einstate oplainant to he( /o(e( o( substantiall e?uivalentposition -ithout loss o/ senio(it (ights, bene:ts an+ p(ivileges

2. oli+a(il liable to pa oplainant as /ollo-sO

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a %o pa oplainant he( bak-ages /(o 1 $p(il 1EEE up to he(atual (einstateent. e( bak-ages as o/ the +ate o/ thep(oulgation o/ this +eision aounte+ to G 40,500.00 o( itse?uivalent in Philippine Cu((en at the tie o/ paent b 8i+@ea( bonus in the aount o/ G 2,250.00 o( its e?uivalent inPhilippine Cu((en at the tie o/ paent

$llo-ane /o( un+a banking in the aount o/ G 120.00 o( itse?uivalent in Philippine Cu((en at the tie o/ paent + 8oneta( e?uivalent o/ leave (e+its ea(ne+ on un+a banking inthe aount o/ G 1,557.7 o( its e?uivalent in Philippine Cu((en atthe tie o/ paent e 8oneta( e?uivalent o/ unuse+ sik leave bene:ts in the aounto/ G 1,150.0 o( its e?uivalent in Philippine Cu((en at the tie o/paent.


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/ 8oneta( e?uivalent o/ unuse+ vaation leave bene:ts in theaount o/ G K1E.D5 o( its e?uivalent in Philippine Cu((en at thetie o/ paent. g 1Kth onth pa in the aount o/ G 4,500.00 o( its e?uivalentin Philippine Cu((en at the tie o/ paent

K. oli+a(il to pa oplainant atual +aages in the aount o/ G1,E7D.00 o( its e?uivalent in Philippine Cu((en at the tie o/paent, an+ o(al +aages in the aount o/ PhP 200,000.00,e>epla( +aages in the aount o/ PhP 100,000.00

4. %o pa oplainant the aount o/ G 5,0KE.D1 o( its e?uivalent inPhilippine Cu((en at the tie o/ paent, (ep(esenting atto(nes/ees.

& &R#R#.H #phasis in the o(iginal.M

PNB appeale+ the labo( a(bite(s eision to the N"RC. !n a Resolution+ate+ June 2E, 2001, the Coission a6(e+

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$ssaile+ eision, pp. 2@7 Rollo, pp. K4@KE.

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$o(+ing to the C$, even though (espon+ent seu(e+ an eploentpass /(o the ingapo(e 8inist( o/ #ploent, she +i+ not the(eb-aive Philippine labo( la-s, o( the 9u(is+ition o/ the labo( a(bite( o(the N"RC ove( he( Coplaint /o( illegal +isissal. !n so +oing, neithe(

+i+ she subit he(sel/ solel to the 8inist( o/ 8anpo-e( o/ingapo(es 9u(is+ition ove( +isputes a(ising /(o he( eploent.%he appellate ou(t /u(the( note+ that a u(so( (ea+ing o/ the8inist(s lette( -ill (ea+il sho- that no suh -aive( o( subission isstate+ o( iplie+.

)inall, the C$ hel+ that petitione( ha+ /aile+ to establish a 9ust ause/o( the +isissal o/ (espon+ent. %he bank ha+ also /aile+ to give he(su6ient notie an+ an oppo(tunit to be hea(+ an+ to +e/en+ he(sel/.%he C$ (ule+ that she -as onse?uentl entitle+ to (einstateent an+bak -ages, opute+ /(o the tie o/ he( +isissal up to the tie o/

he( (einstateent.

ene, this Petition.7

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7 %his ase -as +eee+ subitte+ /o( +eision on eebe( 5, 200K,upon this Cou(ts (eeipt o/ (espon+ents 8eo(an+u3signe+ b$tt. #lvi(a +e epla( +aages an+atto(nes /ees.HD


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!n a++ition, (espon+ent assails, in he( Coent,E the p(op(iet o/ Rule45 as the p(oe+u(al o+e /o( seeking a (evie- o/ the C$ eisiona6(ing the N"RC Resolution. uh issue +ese(ves santonsi+e(ation. Respon+ent isop(ehen+s the Cou(ts +isou(se in

t. 8a(tin )une(al oe v. N"RC,10 -hih has in+ee+ a6(e+ that thep(ope( o+e o/ (evie- o/ N"RC +eisions, (esolutions o( o(+e(s is b aspeial ivil ation /o( e(tio(a(i un+e( Rule 5 o/ the Rules o/ Cou(t.%he up(ee Cou(t an+ the Cou(t o/ $ppeals have onu((ent o(iginal9u(is+ition ove( suh petitions /o( e(tio(a(i. %hus, in obse(vane o/ the+ot(ine on the hie(a(h o/ ou(ts, these petitions shoul+ be initiall:le+ -ith the C$.11

Rightl, the bank elevate+ the N"RC Resolution to the C$ b -a o/ aPetition /o( Ce(tio(a(i. !n seeking a (evie- b this Cou(t o/ the C$eision3on ?uestions o/ 9u(is+ition, venue

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signe+ b $tts. Benil+a ten+


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to ?uestions o/ /at. %his +ot(ine applies -ith g(eate( /o(e in labo(ases. )atual ?uestions a(e /o( the labo( t(ibunals to (esolve.1K !n thep(esent ase, the labo( a(bite( an+ the N"RC have al(ea+ +ete(ine+the /atual issues. %hei( :n+ings, -hih a(e suppo(te+ b substantialevi+ene, -e(e a6(e+ b the C$. %hus, the a(e entitle+ to g(eat

(espet an+ a(e (en+e(e+ onlusive upon this Cou(t, absent a lea(sho-ing o/ palpable e((o( o( a(bit(a( +is(ega(+ o/ evi+ene.14%he Cou(ts Ruling

%he Petition has no e(it.)i(st !ssueOJu(is+ition

%he 9u(is+ition o/ labo( a(bite(s an+ the N"RC is spei:e+ in $(tile217 o/ the "abo( Co+e as /ollo-sO

$R%. 217. Ju(is+ition o/ "abo( $(bite(s an+ the Coission.3a#>ept as othe(-ise p(ovi+e+ un+e( this Co+e the "abo( $(bite(s shallhave o(iginal an+ e>lusive 9u(is+ition to hea( an+

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12 ee Retua v. ua(pa, 40D CR$ K15, $ugust 5, 200K.

1K $l/a(o v. Cou(t o/ $ppeals, 41 Phil. K10 KK CR$ 7EE, $ugust 2D,2001.

14 !bi+. ee also PN&C oka(+ T #nginee(ing Co(p. v. National "abo(Relations Coission, K5K Phil. 4K1 2E1 CR$ 2K1, June 2, 1EED'$8$$ v. )e((e(@Calle9a, K44 Phil. 7 27D CR$ 5K1, eptebe( 5,1EE7 Cau(+anetaan Piee Ao(ke(s =nion v. "aguesa, K50 Phil. K52D CR$ 401, )eb(ua( 24, 1EED %an v. National "abo( RelationsCoission, K5E Phil. 4EE 2EE CR$ 1E, Novebe( 24, 1EED.

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+ei+e, -ithin thi(t K0 alen+a( +as a/te( the subission o/ thease b the pa(ties /o( +eision -ithout e>tension, even in the absene


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o/ stenog(aphi notes, the /ollo-ing ases involving all -o(ke(s,-hethe( ag(iultu(al o( non@ag(iultu(alO

1. =n/ai( labo( p(atie ases 2. %e(ination +isputes

K. !/ aopanie+ -ith a lai /o( (einstateent, those ases that-o(ke(s a :le involving -age, (ates o/ pa, hou(s o/ -o(k an+ othe(te(s an+ on+itions o/ eploent 4. Clais /o( atual, o(al, e>epla( an+ othe( /o(s o/ +aagesa(ising /(o the eploe(@eploee (elations 5. Cases a(ising /(o an violation o/ $(tile 24 o/ this Co+e,inlu+ing ?uestions involving the legalit o/ st(ikes an+ lokouts an+ . #>ept lais /o( #ploees Copensation, oial eu(it,8e+ia(e an+ ate(nit bene:ts, all othe( lais, a(ising /(oeploe(@eploee (elations, inlu+ing those o/ pe(sons in +oesti o(househol+ se(vie, involving an aount o/ e>ee+ing :ve thousan+

pesos P5,000.00 (ega(+less o/ -hethe( aopanie+ -ith a lai /o((einstateent.

b %he oission shall have e>lusive appellate 9u(is+ition ove( allases +ei+e+ b "abo( $(bite(s.

> > > > > > > > >.H

8o(e spei:all, etion 10 o/ R$ D042 (ea+s in pa(tO

#C%!&N 10. 8one Clais.3Not-ithstan+ing an p(ovision o/ la- to

the ont(a(, the "abo( $(bite(s o/ the National "abo( RelationsCoission N"RC shall have the o(iginal an+ e>lusive 9u(is+ition tohea( an+ +ei+e, -ithin ninet E0 alen+a( +as a/te( the :ling o/ theoplaint, the lais a(ising out o/ an eploe(@eploee (elationshipo( b vi(tue o/ an la- o( ont(at involving )ilipino -o(ke(s /o(ove(seas +eploent inlu+ing lais /o( atual, o(al, e>epla( an+othe( /o(s o/ +aages.

> > > > > > > > >H

Base+ on the /o(egoing p(ovisions, labo( a(bite(s lea(l have o(iginal

an+ e>lusive 9u(is+ition ove( lais a(ising

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/(o eploe(@eploee (elations, inlu+ing te(ination +isputesinvolving all -o(ke(s, aong -ho a(e ove(seas )ilipino -o(ke(s

&)A.15

Ae a(e not unin+/ul o/ the /at that (espon+ent -as +i(etl hi(e+,-hile on a tou(ist status in ingapo(e, b the PNB b(anh in that itstate. P(io( to eploing (espon+ent, petitione( ha+ to obtain aneploent pass /o( he( /(o the ingapo(e 8inist( o/ 8anpo-e(.eu(ing the pass -as a (egulato( (e?ui(eent pu(suant to theiig(ation (egulations o/ that ount(.1

iila(l, the Philippine gove(nent (e?ui(es non@)ilipinos -o(king inthe ount( to :(st obtain a loal -o(k pe(it in o(+e( to be legall

eploe+ he(e. %hat pe(it, ho-eve(, +oes not autoatiall eanthat the non@itiFen is the(eb boun+ b loal la-s onl, as ave((e+ bpetitione(. !t +oes not at all ipl a -aive( o/ ones national la-s onlabo(. $bsent an lea( an+ onvining evi+ene to the ont(a(, suhpe(it sipl eans that its hol+e( has a legal status as a -o(ke( inthe issuing ount(.

Note-o(th is the /at that (espon+ent like-ise applie+ /o( an+ seu(e+an &ve(seas #ploent Ce(ti:ate /(o the P$ th(ough thePhilippine #bass in ingapo(e. %he Ce(ti:ate, issue+ on 8a(h D,

1EEE, +ela(e+ he( a bona :+e ont(at -o(ke( /o( ingapo(e. =n+e(Philippine la-, this +ouent autho(iFe+ he( -o(king status in a/o(eign ount( an+ entitle+ he( to all bene:ts an+ p(oesses un+e( ou(stat@

;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;

15 UKa o/ R$ D042 +e:nes ig(ant -o(ke( as a pe(son -ho is to beengage+, is engage+ o( has been engage+ in a (eune(ate+ ativit ina state in -hih he o( she is not a legal (esi+ent to be use+inte(hangeabl -ith ove(seas )ilipino -o(ke(.H #phasis ou(s.

1 Pa(ag(aph D o/ the eploent pass statesO

!/ the(e is a hange in the esignation o( uties as +ela(e+ in theappliation /o( /o( an #ploent Pass, a /(esh appliation is(e?ui(e+. !t is an oIene un+e( the !ig(ation Regulations /o( /ailingto +o so.H $nne> 5@aH to Coent Rollo, p. 120.


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utes. %hus, even assuing a(guen+o that she -as onsi+e(e+ at thesta(t o/ he( eploent as a +i(et hi(eH gove(ne+ b an+ sub9et tothe la-s, oon p(aties an+ ustos p(evailing in ingapo(e17she subse?uentl beae a ont(at -o(ke( o( an &)A -ho -asove(e+ b Philippine labo( la-s an+ poliies upon e(ti:ation b theP$. $t the tie he( eploent -as illegall te(inate+, sheal(ea+ possesse+ the P$ eploent Ce(ti:ate.

8o(eove(, petitione( a+its that it is a Philippine o(po(ation +oingbusiness th(ough a b(anh o6e in ingapo(e.1D igni:antl,(espon+ents eploent b the ingapo(e b(anh o6e ha+ to beapp(ove+ b Ben9ain P. Pala Gil,1E the p(esi+ent o/ the bank -hosep(inipal o6es -e(e in 8anila. %his i(ustane ilitates againstpetitione(s ontention that (espon+ent -as loall hi(e+H an+ totallgove(ne+ b an+ sub9et to the la-s, oon p(aties an+ ustosHo/ ingapo(e, not o/ the Philippines. !nstea+, -ith o(e (eason +oesthis /at (ein/o(e the p(esuption that (espon+ent /alls un+e( thelegal +e:nition o/ ig(ant -o(ke(, in this ase one +eploe+ in

ingapo(e. ene, petitione( annot esape the appliation o/Philippine la-s o( the 9u(is+ition o/ the N"RC an+ the labo( a(bite(.

!n an event, -e (eall the /ollo-ing poli p(onouneent o/ the Cou(tin Roal C(o-n !nte(nationale v. N"RCO20

> > >. Ahethe( eploe+ loall o( ove(seas, all )ilipino -o(ke(s en9othe p(otetive antle o/ Philippine labo( an+ soial legislation, ont(atstipulations to the ont(a( not-ithstan+ing. %his p(onouneent is inkeeping -ith the basi publi poli o/ the tate to aIo(+ p(otetion tolabo(, p(oote /ull eploent, ensu(e e?ual -o(k oppo(tunities

(ega(+less o/ se>, (ae o( (ee+, an+ (egulate the (elations bet-een-o(ke(s an+ eploe(s. )o( the tate assu(es the basi (ights o/ all-o(ke(s to sel/@o(ganiFation, olletive ba(gaining,

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17 Petition, p. K Rollo, p. 11.


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1D Petitione(s 8eo(an+u, p. 22 Rollo, p. 17D.

1E $nne> 2H to Coent Rollo, pp. 11K@114.

20 17D CR$ 5E, 5D0@5D1, &tobe( 1, 1EDE, pe( Co(tes, J.

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=n+e( the 8ig(ant Ao(ke(s an+ &ve(seas )ilipinos $t o/ 1EE5H R$D042, a ig(ant -o(ke( (e/e(s to a pe(son -ho is to be engage+, isengage+ o( has been engage+ in a (eune(ate+ ativit in a state o/-hih he o( she is not a legal (esi+ent to be use+ inte(hangeabl -ithove(seas )ilipino -o(ke(.H21

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21 UKa, R$ D042 also UU2a an+ e, Rule !! o/ the &nibus Rules an+Regulations !pleenting the 8ig(ant Ao(ke(s an+ &ve(seas )ilipinos$t.

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=n+eniabl, (espon+ent -as eploe+ b petitione( in its b(anh o6ein ingapo(e. $+itte+l, she is a )ilipino an+ not a legal (esi+ent o/that state. he thus /alls -ithin the atego( o/ ig(ant -o(ke(H o(ove(seas )ilipino -o(ke(.H

$s suh, it is he( option to hoose the venue o/ he( Coplaint against

petitione( /o( illegal +isissal. %he la- gives he( t-o hoiesO 1 at theRegional $(bit(ation B(anh R$B -he(e she (esi+es o( 2 at the R$B-he(e the p(inipal o6e o/ he( eploe( is situate+. ine he(+isissal b petitione(, (espon+ent has (etu(ne+ to the Philippines3spei:all to he( (esi+ene at )ilinvest !!, ueFon Cit. %hus, in :linghe( Coplaint be/o(e the R$B o6e in ueFon Cit, she has a+e avali+ hoie o/ p(ope( venue.%hi(+ !ssueO!llegal isissal

%he appellate ou(t -as o((et in hol+ing that (espon+ent -as al(ea+

a (egula( eploee at the tie o/ he( +isissal, beause he( th(ee@onth p(obationa( pe(io+ o/ eploent ha+ al(ea+ en+e+. %his(uling is in ao(+ane -ith $(tile 2D1 o/ the "abo( Co+eO $neploee -ho is allo-e+ to -o(k a/te( a p(obationa( pe(io+ shall beonsi+e(e+ a (egula( eploee.H !n+ee+, petitione( (eogniFe+(espon+ent as suh at the tie it +isisse+ he(, b giving he( oneonths sala( in lieu o/ a one@onth notie, onsistent -ith p(ovisionNo. o/ he( eploent Cont(at.


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Notie an+ ea(ingNot Coplie+ Aith

$s a (egula( eploee, (espon+ent -as entitle+ to all (ights, bene:ts

an+ p(ivileges p(ovi+e+ un+e( ou( labo( la-s. &ne o/ he( /un+aental(ights is that she a not be +isisse+ -ithout +ue p(oess o/ la-. %het-in (e?ui(eents o/ notie an+ hea(ing onstitute the essentialeleents o/ p(oe@

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22


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27 $(t. 2DK. Closu(e o/ establishent an+ (e+ution o/ pe(sonnel.3%he eploe( a also te(inate the eploent o/ an eploee+ue to the installation o/ labo( saving +evies, (e+un+an,(et(enhent to p(event losses o( the losing o( essation o/ ope(ationo/ the establishent o( un+e(taking unless the losing is /o( the

pu(pose o/ i(uventing the p(ovisions o/ this title, b se(ving a-(itten notie on the -o(ke(s an+ the epa(tentM o/ "abo( an+#ploent at least one 1 onth be/o(e the inten+e+ +ate the(eo/.!n ase o/ te(ination +ue to the installation o/ labo( saving +evies o((e+un+an, the -o(ke( aIete+ the(eb shall be entitle+ to asepa(ation pa e?uivalent to at least his one 1 onth pa o( to atleast one 1 onth pa /o( eve( ea( o/ se(vie, -hiheve( is highe(.!n ase o/ (et(enhent to p(event losses an+ in ases o/ losu(es o(essation o/ ope(ations o/ establishent o( un+e(taking not +ue tose(ious business losses o( :nanial (eve(ses, the sepa(ation pa shallbe e?uivalent to one 1 onth pa o( to at least one@hal/ 1V2 onth

pa /o( eve( ea( o/ se(vie, -hiheve( is highe(. $ /(ation o/ at leastsi> onths shall be onsi+e(e+ one 1 -hole ea(.H

2D $(t. 2D4. isease as g(oun+ /o( te(ination.3$n eploe( ate(inate the se(vies o/ an eploee -ho has been /oun+ to besuIe(ing /(o an +isease an+ -hose ontinue+ eploent isp(ohibite+ b la- o( is p(e9u+iial to his health as -ell as to the healtho/ his o@eploeesO P(ovi+e+, %hat he is pai+ sepa(ation pae?uivalent to at least one 1 onth sala( o( to one@hal/ onth sala(/o( eve( ea( o( se(vie, -hiheve( is g(eate(, a /(ation o/ at least si> onths being onsi+e(e+ as one 1 -hole ea(.H

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p(ovisions o/ he( eploent Cont(at, -hih she ha+ volunta(ilag(ee+ to be boun+ to.

%(ul, the ont(ating pa(ties a establish suh stipulations, lauses,te(s an+ on+itions as the -ant, an+ thei( ag(eeent -oul+ have

the /o(e o/ la- bet-een the. o-eve(, petitione( ove(looks the?uali:ation that those te(s an+ on+itions ag(ee+ upon ust not beont(a( to la-, o(als, ustos, publi poli o( publi o(+e(.K0 $se>plaine+ ea(lie(, the eploent Cont(at bet-een petitione( an+(espon+ent is gove(ne+ b Philippine labo( la-s. ene, thestipulations, lauses, an+ te(s an+ on+itions o/ the Cont(at ustnot ont(avene ou( labo( la- p(ovisions.

8o(eove(, a ont(at o/ eploent is ibue+ -ith publi inte(est. %heCou(t has tie an+ tie again (ein+e+ pa(ties that the a(e not atlibe(t to insulate theselves an+ thei( (elationships /(o the ipat

o/ labo( la-s an+ (egulations b sipl ont(ating -ith eah othe(.HK1$lso, -hile a ont(at is

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2E Paguio %(anspo(t Co(p. v. National "abo( Relations Coission,sup(a Cau(+anetaan Piee Ao(ke(s =nion v. "aguesa, sup(a


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soial an+ opp(essive, /(au+ulent an+ in ba+ /aith, an+ ont(a( to

o(als, goo+ ustos an+ publi poli. Ba+ /aith an+ /(au+ a(e sho-nin the ats oitte+ b petitione(sM be/o(e, +u(ing an+ a/te((espon+entsM +isissal in a++ition to the anne( b -hih she -as+isisse+. )i(st, (espon+entM -as p(essu(e+ to (esign /o( t-o +iIe(entan+ ont(a+ito( (easons, nael, ost@utting an+ the nee+ /o( aChinese@Mspeaking (e+it o6e(, /o( -hih no -(itten a+vie -as given+espite oplainants (e?uest. uh -ave(ing stane o( vaillatingposition in+iates ba+ /aith an+ a +ishonest pu(pose. eon+, she -aseploe+ on aount o/ he( ?uali:ations, e>pe(iene an+ (ea+iness/o( the position o/ (e+it o6e( an+ p(essu(e+ to (esign a onth a/te(she -as oen+e+ /o( he( goo+ -o(k. %hi(+, the +ean+ /o(

(espon+entsM instant (esignation on 1E $p(il 1EEE to give -a to he((eplaeent -ho -as allege+l (epo(ting soonest, is -hisial,/(au+ulent an+ in ba+ /aith, beause on 1 $p(il 1EEE she -as given ape(io+ o/ siM until 15 8a 1EEE -ithin -hih to leave. )ou(th, thep(essu(es a+e on he( to (esign -e(e highl opp(essive, anti@soialan+ ause+ he( absolute to(tu(e, as petitione(sM +is(ega(+e+ he(situation as an ove(seas -o(ke( a-a /(o hoe an+ /ail, -ith nop(ospet /o( anothe( 9ob. he -as not even p(ovi+e+ -ith a (etu(n t(ip/a(e. )i/th, the notie o/ te(ination is an utte( ani/estation o/ ba+/aith an+ -hi as it totall +is(ega(+s (espon+entsM (ight to seu(ito/ tenu(e an+ +ue p(oess. uh notie togethe( -ith the +ean+s /o(

(espon+entsM (esignation ont(avenes the /un+aental gua(anteean+ publi poli o/ the Philippine gove(nent on seu(it o/ tenu(e.

Respon+entM like-ise establishe+ that as a p(o>iate (esult o/ he(+isissal an+ p(io( +ean+s /o( (esignation, she suIe(e+ an+ontinues to suIe( ental anguish, /(ight, se(ious an>iet, besi(he+(eputation, -oun+e+ /eelings, o(al shok an+ soial huiliation. e(stan+ing in the soial an+ business ounit as -ell as p(ospets /o(eploent -ith othe( entities have been a+ve(sel aIete+ b he(+isissal. Petitione(sM a(e thus liable /o( o(al +aages un+e( $(tile2217 o/ the Civil Co+e.

> > > > > > > > >

Petitione(sM like-ise ate+ in a -anton, opp(essive o( alevolentanne( in te(inating (espon+entsM eploent an+ a(e the(e/o(eliable /o( e>epla( +aages. %his shoul+ se(ve+ siM as p(otetion toothe( eploees o/ petitione(M opan, an+ b -a o/ e>aple o(o((etion /o( the publi goo+ so that pe(sons siila(l


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in+e+ as petitione(sM -oul+ be +ete((e+ /(o oitting the saeats.HK

%he Cou(t also a6(s the a-a(+ o/ atto(nes /ees. !t is settle+ that-hen an ation is institute+ /o( the (eove( o/ -ages, o( -heneploees a(e /o(e+ to litigate an+ onse?uentl inu( e>penses to

p(otet thei( (ights an+ inte(ests, the g(ant o/ atto(nes /ees is legall9usti:able.K7

A#R#)&R#, the Petition is #N!# an+ the assaile+ eision an+Resolution $))!R8#. Costs against petitione(.

& &R#R#.

an+oval@Gutie((eF, Co(ona, Ca(pio@8o(ales an+ Ga(ia, JJ., onu(.

Petition +enie+, assaile+ +eision an+ (esolution a6(e+.

Note.3!n ases o/ illegal +isissal, the bu(+en is on the eploe( top(ove that the(e -as a vali+ g(oun+ /o( +isissal. 8e+enilla vs.Philippine

24. Philippine National Bank vs. Cabansag

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Transcript of 24. Philippine National Bank vs. Cabansag