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2.3.3,4 economic and political geography
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Transcript of 2.3.3,4 economic and political geography
Economic & Economic & Political Political
GeographyGeographyChapter 2-3:3,4Chapter 2-3:3,4
Section ObjectivesSection Objectives
Describe the ways in which natural Describe the ways in which natural resources sustain human liferesources sustain human life
Understand basic economics concepts Understand basic economics concepts and analyze different kinds of economiesand analyze different kinds of economies
Understand what government is and Understand what government is and compare different forms of governmentcompare different forms of government
Describe the ways in which natural Describe the ways in which natural resources sustain human liferesources sustain human life
Understand basic economics concepts Understand basic economics concepts and analyze different kinds of economiesand analyze different kinds of economies
Understand what government is and Understand what government is and compare different forms of governmentcompare different forms of government
Earth’s ResourcesEarth’s Resources A country’s economy is A country’s economy is
often based on what often based on what resources it has availableresources it has available
There are two kinds of There are two kinds of resources:resources: BiologicalBiological: Living things: Living things
Livestock, plants, and treesLivestock, plants, and trees Material: Nonliving Material: Nonliving
resources buried in Earthresources buried in Earth Raw materialsRaw materials:: Material Material
used to make productsused to make products Ex. Iron ore is used in Ex. Iron ore is used in
making steelmaking steel
Categories of ResourcesCategories of Resources
NonrenewableNonrenewable Limited; cannot be Limited; cannot be replacedreplaced Examples:Examples:
CoalCoal OilOil Natural GasNatural Gas
RenewableRenewable Never run out, or a new Never run out, or a new
supply develops over supply develops over timetime Examples:Examples:
SunSun WindWind Forests-GrasslandsForests-Grasslands PlantsPlants/animals /animals RichRich soil soil
Renewable Resources (5:51)
Categories of Resources, cont.
Economic GeographyEconomic GeographyAn An economyeconomy is a system in which people is a system in which people
produce, sell and buy things.produce, sell and buy things.
A country’s A country’s economic systemeconomic system decidesdecides• What What goodsgoods and and servicesservices will be produced will be produced• HowHow goods and services will be produced goods and services will be produced• Who will Who will receivereceive them them
Factors of ProductionFactors of Production
A country is more likely to have a strong A country is more likely to have a strong economy if it has all four factors of economy if it has all four factors of productionproduction::Land: All natural resources used to produce Land: All natural resources used to produce
goods and servicesgoods and servicesLabor: Size and education of the work forceLabor: Size and education of the work forceCapital: a country’s wealth and infrastructureCapital: a country’s wealth and infrastructureEntrepreneurshipEntrepreneurship:: creativity and risk creativity and risk
needed to develop new goods and servicesneeded to develop new goods and services
Economic SystemsEconomic Systems
Economic systems are ways in which Economic systems are ways in which countries organize the production of countries organize the production of goods and services.goods and services.
FourFour main systems are found around main systems are found around the worldthe world
Economic systems are ways in which Economic systems are ways in which countries organize the production of countries organize the production of goods and services.goods and services.
FourFour main systems are found around main systems are found around the worldthe world
Traditional EconomiesTraditional Economies People trade goods and People trade goods and
services without services without moneymoney
Found in underdeveloped, Found in underdeveloped, parts of parts of South AmericaSouth America, , Asia, and Asia, and AfricaAfrica. .
Very little Very little technologytechnology or or development.development.
Subsistence agricultureSubsistence agriculture, , or food only for familyor food only for family
Life as a subsistence Life as a subsistence farmer (4:01)farmer (4:01)
Free Enterprise EconomiesFree Enterprise Economies In a In a free enterprise free enterprise
economyeconomy, privately owned , privately owned businesses create goods that businesses create goods that people buy in marketspeople buy in markets
IndividualsIndividuals determine what determine what and how to produce.and how to produce.
Prices for products are Prices for products are determined by determined by supplysupply and and demanddemand
Also called market economy, Also called market economy, or capitalismor capitalism
Examples: Examples: United StatesUnited States, , Canada, Canada, JapanJapan, China??, China??
Command EconomiesCommand Economies
GovernmentGovernment makes all makes all economic decisions and economic decisions and owns all resources. owns all resources.
Usually a Usually a shortageshortage of of consumer goods as the consumer goods as the government controls government controls productionproduction, prices and , prices and wageswages
Most resources are used Most resources are used for for military goodsmilitary goods
Examples: Examples: ChinaChina, North , North Korea, Korea, CubaCuba
Mixed EconomiesMixed Economies
Most countries have Most countries have mixedmixed economies, with economies, with elements of a free elements of a free enterprise and a enterprise and a command economy.command economy.
Although market Although market economies economies encourageencourage businesses to businesses to produceproduce, , government regulations government regulations are necessary!are necessary!
For example:For example: Food Food and and
DrugDrug Administration Administration (FDA)(FDA)
Environmental Environmental ProtectionProtection Agency (EPA)Agency (EPA)
National National HighwayHighway Traffic Safety Traffic Safety Administration Administration
Four Types of Economies (2:24)
Economic IndicatorsEconomic Indicators
The strength of a The strength of a country’s economy can country’s economy can be measured in many be measured in many waysways
One is the One is the gross gross domestic productdomestic product, or , or GDPGDP: the total value of : the total value of the goods and services the goods and services that a country producesthat a country produces
Economic IndicatorsEconomic Indicators
GDP per capita is the GDP per capita is the value of the products value of the products that a country that a country produces per produces per personperson..
Other indicators Other indicators include income, include income, literacyliteracy rate, and life rate, and life expectancyexpectancy
Developed vs. Developing Developed vs. Developing CountriesCountries
Developed CountriesDeveloped Countries
Have a Have a highhigh GDP GDP
Have Have manufacturingmanufacturing and and industriesindustries
High standard of High standard of livingliving ($43,800/year in ($43,800/year in U.S.)U.S.)
Examples: North Examples: North America, Europe, America, Europe, Australia, and JapanAustralia, and Japan
Developing CountriesDeveloping Countries
Low GDPLow GDP
Little to no manufacturing Little to no manufacturing or industries, even with or industries, even with resourcesresources
Practice subsistence Practice subsistence farming, feed family onlyfarming, feed family only
Low standard of living Low standard of living $500 Somalia & East $500 Somalia & East Timor, $2,700 NicaraguaTimor, $2,700 Nicaragua
Developed vs. Developing Developed vs. Developing Countries, cont.Countries, cont.
Political GeographyPolitical Geography
A A governmentgovernment is an is an organization that keeps order, organization that keeps order, sets rules, and provides sets rules, and provides services for a societyservices for a society
Governments govern citizens. Governments govern citizens. A A citizencitizen is a person who lives is a person who lives within the territory of a within the territory of a government and is granted government and is granted certain rights and certain rights and responsibilities by the responsibilities by the government.government.
Someone’s Got to Be in Charge…Someone’s Got to Be in Charge…
Citizens elect Citizens elect representativesrepresentatives who who lead the country, or the executive lead the country, or the executive branchbranch
A A legislaturelegislature creates laws creates laws House of RepresentativesHouse of Representatives SenateSenate
A A judicialjudicial branch interprets laws branch interprets lawsCitizens have many rightsCitizens have many rightsThe United States was the first modern The United States was the first modern
country to establish onecountry to establish one
Citizens elect Citizens elect representativesrepresentatives who who lead the country, or the executive lead the country, or the executive branchbranch
A A legislaturelegislature creates laws creates laws House of RepresentativesHouse of Representatives SenateSenate
A A judicialjudicial branch interprets laws branch interprets lawsCitizens have many rightsCitizens have many rightsThe United States was the first modern The United States was the first modern
country to establish onecountry to establish one
Representative DemocracyRepresentative Democracy
Representative DemocracyRepresentative Democracy
FranceFrance
François Hollande
United States
Barack Obama
In a In a monarchymonarchy, a king, queen, , a king, queen, or emperor rules societyor emperor rules society
In a In a constitutionalconstitutional monarchy, monarchy, the king or queen inherits the the king or queen inherits the right to rule, but shares power right to rule, but shares power with a government organized with a government organized by a constitution.by a constitution.Examples: United Kingdom, Examples: United Kingdom,
JapanJapanEmperor Akihito
Queen Elizabeth II
MonarchyMonarchy
Constitutional MonarchiesConstitutional Monarchies
In an In an absoluteabsolute monarchy, the monarchy, the monarch inherits the right to rule monarch inherits the right to rule and has unlimited powerand has unlimited power
Citizens have Citizens have fewfew or no rights or no rightsEx. Saudi ArabiaEx. Saudi Arabia
King Abdullah
Monarchy, cont.Monarchy, cont.
Saudi ArabiaSaudi Arabia
In a In a dictatorshipdictatorship, one person rises to , one person rises to power and rules society.power and rules society.
The dictator controls all aspects of life, The dictator controls all aspects of life, including education and artsincluding education and arts
Citizens have few or no rightsCitizens have few or no rightsExample: Cuba, North KoreaExample: Cuba, North Korea
Fidel Castro Raul Castro
DictatorshipDictatorship
Libya
Muammar Gaddafi
North Korea
Kim Jong II
Nouri Abusahmain
Kim Jong-un
DictatorsDictators
PropagandaPropaganda
Propaganda is information, especially of a biased or misleading nature, used to promote or publicize a particular political cause or point of view.
North Korean PropagandaNorth Korean Propaganda
Kim Il SungKim Il Sung
Kim Jong Il (1941-2011)Kim Jong Il (1941-2011)
This image is everywhere in North Korea!This image is everywhere in North Korea!
Life in North Korea (6:55)
City of PyongyangCity of PyongyangHotel-Hotel-YanggakdoYanggakdo
In an In an oligarchyoligarchy, a small group of people , a small group of people rule the country and have all the powerrule the country and have all the power
Usually wealthy people or military officersUsually wealthy people or military officersOften works like a dictatorship except a Often works like a dictatorship except a
group of people group of people shareshare the power. the power.
Example: A Example: A juntajunta is a small group of people– is a small group of people– usually military officers– who rule a country usually military officers– who rule a country after taking it over by force.after taking it over by force.
OligarchyOligarchy
From 1962-2011, From 1962-2011, MyanmarMyanmar (also known (also known as Burma) was ruled by military junta that as Burma) was ruled by military junta that was condemned by the world for its was condemned by the world for its human rights violations.human rights violations.
CommunismCommunism is a type of is a type of command economy in which command economy in which the government, controlled by the government, controlled by the Communist Party, owns all the Communist Party, owns all the the propertyproperty
Citizens have few or no rightsCitizens have few or no rightsThe governing body holds all The governing body holds all
the power and controls the the power and controls the economyeconomyEx. China, VietnamEx. China, VietnamForms of Government (3:53)Forms of Government (3:53)
VietnamVietnam
Xi Jinping
Truong Tan Sang
CommunismCommunism
ANY QUESTIONS???ANY QUESTIONS???