European Class European Class 20052005

The WFD approach at The WFD approach at the River Gallikos the River Gallikos

in Makedonia, Hellasin Makedonia, Hellas

Sabrina Coste, Julia Hegner and Franηois Rose

13th May 2005

School of Biology - Aristoteles University Thessaloniki

ContentsContents

1.1. IntroductionIntroduction 2.2. Study AreaStudy Area 3.3. Methods and MaterialsMethods and Materials 4.4. Discussion of ResultsDiscussion of Results 5.5. ConclusionConclusion

1.1. IntroductionIntroduction The The WWater ater FFramework ramework DDirective 2000/60 E.C. : irective 2000/60 E.C. : "good water status for all waters by 2015""good water status for all waters by 2015"

Assessment ofAssessment ofBiological ParametersBiological Parameters

Hydromorphological ParametersHydromorphological ParametersPhysicochemical ParametersPhysicochemical Parameters

The The EEcological cological QQuality uality RRatioatio

ContentsContents

1.1. IntroductionIntroduction 2.2. Study AreaStudy Area 3.3. Methods and MaterialsMethods and Materials 4.4. Discussion of ResultsDiscussion of Results 5.5. ConclusionConclusion

2. Study Area - Gallikos2. Study Area - Gallikos

LocalisationLocalisation Coordinates: 40,48299 N : 22,51235 ECoordinates: 40,48299 N : 22,51235 E

Sampling in beginning of March Sampling in beginning of March

LandusesLanduses

ContentsContents

1.1. IntroductionIntroduction 2.2. Study AreaStudy Area 3.3. Methods and MaterialsMethods and Materials 4.4. Discussion of ResultsDiscussion of Results 5.5. ConclusionConclusion

3. Methods and Materials3. Methods and Materials A, Biological ParametersA, Biological Parameters

Macroinvertebrate- Kick-SamplingMacroinvertebrate- Kick-Sampling Biotic Indices and ScoresBiotic Indices and Scores

B, Hydromorphological ParametersB, Hydromorphological Parameters

Greek Habitat Richness MatrixGreek Habitat Richness Matrix RRiver iver HHabitat abitat SSurvey (urvey (RHSRHS))

C, Physicochemical ParametersC, Physicochemical Parameters

D, Statistical Analyses – Multivariate TechnicsD, Statistical Analyses – Multivariate Technics

PrimerPrimer SimperSimper FuzzyFuzzy CanocoCanoco

A, Biological ParametersA, Biological Parameters Using macroinvertebrates, because ….Using macroinvertebrates, because ….

They don´t move a lotThey don´t move a lot Indicator organismsIndicator organisms Not difficult to sample and to identifyNot difficult to sample and to identify

SamplingSampling Kick-sweep samplingKick-sweep sampling

With standards pond netWith standards pond net 3 min + 1 min in all habitats at each site3 min + 1 min in all habitats at each site

Conservation with formolConservation with formol

After sampling :After sampling : In laboratory: animals are sorted and identifyIn laboratory: animals are sorted and identify

Tool and TechnicTool and Technic

Kick – sweep sampling by Yorgos ChatzinikolaouKick – sweep sampling by Yorgos Chatzinikolaou

Pond net used to samplePond net used to sample

BIOTIC INDICES AND BIOTIC INDICES AND SCORESSCORES

Based on the Based on the principle principle that polluted waters are generally that polluted waters are generally less diverse than comparable unpolluted waters.less diverse than comparable unpolluted waters.

All countries have different Biotic Indices or Scores :All countries have different Biotic Indices or Scores :

The UKThe UK BBiological iological MMonitoring onitoring WWorking orking PParty Scorearty Score The IberianThe Iberian BBiological iological MMonitoring onitoring WWorking orking PParty arty

ScoreScore The The HHellenic ellenic EEvaluation valuation SScorecore

The Hellenic Evaluation The Hellenic Evaluation ScoreScore

Calculation of the Hellenic Calculation of the Hellenic Biological Monitoring Biological Monitoring Working Party (Working Party (HBMWPHBMWP) ) score: Sum of all the results score: Sum of all the results of the taxaof the taxa

Calculation of the Calculation of the HHellenic ellenic AAverage verage SScore core PPer er TTaxon axon ((HASPTHASPT): HBMWP/ number of ): HBMWP/ number of taxataxa

Decide whether the site is Decide whether the site is poorpoor or or richrich according to according to Greek Habitat Richness Greek Habitat Richness Matrix (GHRM)Matrix (GHRM)

• • • •ε) Phryganeidae, Molanidae, Odontoceridae, Bareidae, Lepidostomatidae, Thremmatidae, Brachycentridae, Helicopsychidae

• • • •δ) Blephariceridae

•120•110•100•γ) Aphelocheiridae,

• • • •β) Siphlonuridae,

• • • •) Capniidae, Chloroperlidae,

•(>10%) Case J•(1.01-10%) Case J•(0-1%) Case J• 

•Abundant•Common•Present•Taxa

Rich siteRich site

Many types of habitatsMany types of habitatsPoor site

Few types of habitats

•1•0-31,72•1•0-340

•2•31,73-45,81•2•341-829

•3•45,82-54,56•3•830-1325

•5•>64,72•5•>1532

•Y•HASPT•X•HBMWP

•1•0-27,49•1•0-166

•2•27,50-35,32•2•167-388

•3•35,33-45,17•3•389-755

•4•45,18-55,69•4•756-1052

•5•>55,69•5•>1053

•Y•ASPT•X•HBMWP

4. Choose the respectively X/Y-Table

5. Classify HBMWP score X

6. Classify HASPT Y

7. Final Calculation: (X+Y)/2 = HES

8. Classification of the water 8. Classification of the water qualityquality

•Very poor•1

•Poor•1,5

•Poor•2

•Moderate•2,5

•Moderate•3

•Good•3,5

•Good•4

•Very good•4,5

•excellent•5

•Interpretation•Semi-sum (HBMWP+HASPT)

The UK BMWP scoreThe UK BMWP score The BMWP scoreThe BMWP score::

Benthic invertebrate are refered to a score based on Benthic invertebrate are refered to a score based on their susceptibility to pollutiontheir susceptibility to pollution

The ASPT:The ASPT: BMWPT / number of taxaBMWPT / number of taxa

The EQItaxa:The EQItaxa: number of taxa number of taxa observedobserved / number of taxa / number of taxa predictedpredicted

The EQIaspt:The EQIaspt: ASPT ASPT observedobserved / ASPT / ASPT predictedpredicted

UK river classification schemeUK river classification scheme

•0.50•0.30•Poor•E• • • • 

•0.65•0.45•Fair•D• • • • 

•0.77•0.55•Fairly good•C• • • • 

•0.90•0.70•Good•B• • • • 

•1.0•0.85•Very good•A•EQIASPT•EQItaxa•Description•Grade

The Iberian BMWP scoreThe Iberian BMWP score

Differences to the UK BMWP:Differences to the UK BMWP: news families that news families that

changes the scorechanges the score 5 different levels of 5 different levels of

classificationclassification

Almost the same Almost the same methodology as for the UK methodology as for the UK BMWPBMWP

•Strongly polluted waters (strongly altered system)•<15•Very critical•V

• • • • 

•Very polluted waters (very altered system)•16-35•Critical•IV

•Polluted waters (altered system)•36-60•Dubious•III

• • • • 

•Evidence of effects of mild pollution•61-100•Passable•II

•Not polluted, or not noticeably altered system•101-150• • 

•Very clean waters (pristine)•>150•Good•I

•Meaning•Score•Quality•Class

B, Hydromorphological B, Hydromorphological ParametersParameters

GGreek reek HHabitat abitat RRichness ichness MMatrix (atrix (GHRMGHRM))

The Hydromorphological Parameters were The Hydromorphological Parameters were recording using the recording using the RRiver iver HHabitat abitat SSurvey field urvey field method (RHS).method (RHS).

RHSRHS = systematic collection of data associated = systematic collection of data associated with the physical structure of the watercourses with the physical structure of the watercourses based on a standard 500m length of a river based on a standard 500m length of a river channel:channel:

10 10 spot checksspot checks located at an interval of 50m recording located at an interval of 50m recording the features associated with the physical structure of the the features associated with the physical structure of the watercourses (channel and bank morphologies, watercourses (channel and bank morphologies, structures, modifications).structures, modifications).

A A sweep up sweep up report the general habitat of the channel report the general habitat of the channel and the management of adjacent land use.and the management of adjacent land use.

River Habitat Survey

Data of the RHS are used for calculate the Data of the RHS are used for calculate the HHabitat abitat QQuality uality AAssessment (ssessment (HQAHQA) and the ) and the HHabitat abitat MModification odification SScore (core (HMSHMS) for ) for each site.each site.

HQAHQA give a score indicating the habitat quality give a score indicating the habitat quality

based on the physical features recorded in the based on the physical features recorded in the RHS (version 1.2).RHS (version 1.2).

HMS HMS provide a score expriming the extent of provide a score expriming the extent of artificial modification to the physical structure artificial modification to the physical structure of a river (version 1.1). of a river (version 1.1).

5 Habitat Modification Categories5 Habitat Modification Categories

C, Physicochemical C, Physicochemical ParametersParameters

FFollowing physicochemical parameters were measured ollowing physicochemical parameters were measured in situin situ using a digital multimeter: using a digital multimeter: Temperature, Total Dissolved Solids Temperature, Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), Dissolved Oxygen (DO2), Conductivity, Salinity, pH, Cl-, (TDS), Dissolved Oxygen (DO2), Conductivity, Salinity, pH, Cl-, NO3-, NH4+, NH3-, Turbidity and Chlorophyll NO3-, NH4+, NH3-, Turbidity and Chlorophyll

PO4-, BOD5 PO4-, BOD5 andand Total Suspended Solids (TSS) Total Suspended Solids (TSS) were analysed were analysed in the laboratory in the laboratory

Relative abundance of each Relative abundance of each category of substratecategory of substrate (boulders, (boulders, cobbles, pebbles, gravel, sand, silt) was estimated visually. cobbles, pebbles, gravel, sand, silt) was estimated visually.

Water velocityWater velocity was measured at the sampling stations using a was measured at the sampling stations using a flow meter. flow meter. DischargeDischarge was calculated using measurement of was calculated using measurement of velocity and depth at each tenth of the width of the river.velocity and depth at each tenth of the width of the river.

D, Statistical AnalysesD, Statistical Analyses

•• Can be used to generate hypotheses Can be used to generate hypotheses about the causality of distribution of taxa.about the causality of distribution of taxa.

•• Can identify present discontinuities Can identify present discontinuities within the biological communities which can be within the biological communities which can be related to environmental changes.related to environmental changes.

•• Can be carried out on presence-Can be carried out on presence-absence data or quantitative data.absence data or quantitative data.

•• Results, usually single figure, is a Results, usually single figure, is a preferantial way to present data. preferantial way to present data.

Primer & SimperPrimer & Simper  (Field et al., 1982)(Field et al., 1982)

•• Produces a similarity dendrogram of Produces a similarity dendrogram of sampling stations based on the presence – absence and sampling stations based on the presence – absence and the abundance of benthic macroinvertebrate taxa. the abundance of benthic macroinvertebrate taxa.

•• Measures the similarity of stations and Measures the similarity of stations and groups of stations, using the Bray-Curtis similarity index. groups of stations, using the Bray-Curtis similarity index.

•• Then by SIMPER analysis it may be Then by SIMPER analysis it may be explained which families of macroinvertebrates explained which families of macroinvertebrates contribute to the similarity or dissimilarity between contribute to the similarity or dissimilarity between groups.groups.

Fuzzy (Equihua, 1990)Fuzzy (Equihua, 1990)

•• Was performed in order to obtainWas performed in order to obtain ordination and ordination and classification of the sites.classification of the sites.

•• Produces clusters according to the assemblages of benthic Produces clusters according to the assemblages of benthic macroinvertebrates in each site, according to the membership value. macroinvertebrates in each site, according to the membership value.

•• The numbers of Fuzzy clusters are selected according to the The numbers of Fuzzy clusters are selected according to the higher partition coefficient. higher partition coefficient.

•• Does not assume the existence of discrete benthic Does not assume the existence of discrete benthic populations along the various stretches of a river system.populations along the various stretches of a river system.

•• Identifies the continuum and gradual change of Identifies the continuum and gradual change of the sites’ faunal composition. Therefore it is suitable for the the sites’ faunal composition. Therefore it is suitable for the description of ecological communities.description of ecological communities.

CanocoCanoco  (Ter Braak, 1988)(Ter Braak, 1988)

•• Analysing the relationships between the Analysing the relationships between the macroinvertebrate lowest taxonomic level, the sampling macroinvertebrate lowest taxonomic level, the sampling sites and the physicochemical parameters sites and the physicochemical parameters

•• Is performed to detect covariances between Is performed to detect covariances between environmental/external variables and respective biological environmental/external variables and respective biological components.components.

•• Particularly suited for a forward selection of Particularly suited for a forward selection of environmental variables in order to determine which environmental variables in order to determine which variables have the greatest influence on the species variables have the greatest influence on the species community. community.

ContentsContents

1.1. IntroductionIntroduction 2.2. Study AreaStudy Area 3.3. Methods and MaterialsMethods and Materials 4.4. Discussion of ResultsDiscussion of Results 5.5. ConclusionConclusion

4.4. Discussion of ResultsDiscussion of Results

A, Hydromorphological ParametersA, Hydromorphological Parameters

B, Physicochemical ParametersB, Physicochemical Parameters

C, Biological ParametersC, Biological Parameters

D, Statistical AnalysesD, Statistical Analyses

A, Hydromorphological A, Hydromorphological ParameterParameter

Valley ShapeAsymmetrical floodplain

Channelsubstrate

flow

vegetation types

modifications

Gravel/pebbles + sand

Ripples

4

No

Banks

material

feature

top

face

land use

modifications

Left Right

Gravel/Sand

Vegetation point bars

simple

complex

Rough pasture

embankment

Earth + Gravel/Sand

Eroding cliff

uniform

complex

Tall herbs / rough pasture

reinforced

RHS Galliko (close Nea Filadelphia)

HQA score = 36 HMS score = 30

significantly modified

Gallikos (close Nea Filadelphia)

B, Physicochemical B, Physicochemical ParametersParameters

C, Biological ParametersC, Biological Parameters

The Hellenic Evaluation The Hellenic Evaluation ScoreScore

•moderate•2,5•768•48•16•G03

•moderate•3•836•52,25•16•G02

•moderate•3•950•47,5•20•G01

•Quality•Score•HBMWP•HASPT•Taxa

COMPARATION OF TWO BIOTIC COMPARATION OF TWO BIOTIC SCORESCORE

•moderate•2,5•polluted water•56•G03

•moderate•3•polluted water•50•G02

•moderate•3•passable•64•G01

•Quality•Score•Quality•Score

•HELLENIC SCORE•IBERIAN SCORE

D, Statistical AnalysesD, Statistical Analyses

Primer Primer SimperSimper FuzzyFuzzy CanocoCanoco

PrimerPrimerSimilarity

-AB7, G01, G02 + G03 (Gammaridae,Baetidae)

-A067, A054, A034 + A021 (Miscidaceae,Chironomidae)

- A006 close to the sea

FuzzyFuzzy

Similarity

-G01, G02 + G03 (Gammaridae,Baetidae, Chironomidae)

-A067, A054, A034 + A021 (Miscidaceae,Chironomidae)

-A006 close to the sea

- AB7 tributary

CanocoCanoco

ContentsContents

1.1. IntroductionIntroduction 2.2. Study AreaStudy Area 3.3. Methods and MaterialsMethods and Materials 4.4. Discussion of ResultsDiscussion of Results 5.5. ConclusionConclusion

After this Case Study …After this Case Study … … … we can not make a reliable statement about the we can not make a reliable statement about the

water quality of the River Gallikos according to the WFDwater quality of the River Gallikos according to the WFD No monitoring of all recommended biological parametersNo monitoring of all recommended biological parameters Only once, not following the recommended monitoring Only once, not following the recommended monitoring

frequenciesfrequencies No monitoring of the whole managment unitNo monitoring of the whole managment unit

… … but it was enough for …but it was enough for … … … getting an overview about how the monitoring is carried outgetting an overview about how the monitoring is carried out … … understanding the correlation between the different understanding the correlation between the different

parametersparameters … … getting to know the main principles and methods of the WFDgetting to know the main principles and methods of the WFD … … experiencing and working in an international teamexperiencing and working in an international team

ReferencesReferences

All course documents on Blackboard

http://edu.bio.auth.gr/wq

Environment Agency (1997) River Habitat Survey: 1997 Field Survey Guidance Manual, Incorporating Sercon.

Equihua, M. (1990). FUZZY clustering of ecological data. J. Ecol. 78. pp. 519-534

Lazaridou-Dimitriadou, M. et al. (2004) Assessment of the Water and habitat Quality of a Mediterranean River (Kalamas, Epirus, Hellas), in Accordance with the EU Water Frame Work Directive. Acta hydrocim. Hydrobiol. 32, 3, p. 175-188

Thanks toThanks toMaria

Yorgos

Konstantinos

Giannis

And all the team of the Biology laboratory at Aristoteles University,

Thessaloniki

And for your attention!!And for your attention!!