21/1/2008Dr. Salwa Tayel (Brucellosis)1. 21/1/2008Dr. Salwa Tayel (Brucellosis)2 Associate Professor...

21/1/2008 Dr. Salwa Tayel (Brucellosis) 1

21/1/2008 Dr. Salwa Tayel (Brucellosis) 2

Associate Professor Associate Professor Family and Community Medicine DepartmentFamily and Community Medicine Department

King Saud UniversityKing Saud University

ByBy

BrucellosisBrucellosis

Dr. Salwa TayelDr. Salwa Tayel

21/1/200821/1/2008Dr. Salwa Tayel (Brucellosis)Dr. Salwa Tayel (Brucellosis)33


• Brucellosis is primarily a disease affecting Brucellosis is primarily a disease affecting

animals. It can be transmitted to humans. animals. It can be transmitted to humans.

• It is an old disease, It is an old disease, Sir David Bruce,Sir David Bruce, isolated the isolated the

causative agent from a soldier incausative agent from a soldier in Malta in Malta in 18861886

• ItIt remains remains the commonest the commonest zoonoticzoonotic disease disease

worldwide.worldwide.

Brucellosis (Malta fever)Brucellosis (Malta fever)


• An illness characterized by

– acute or gradual onset of fever,

– night sweats,

– undue fatigue,

– anorexia,

– weight loss,

– headache, and

– arthralgia

Brucellosis Clinical pictureBrucellosis Clinical picture


The new global map of human brucellosisThe new global map of human brucellosis 20062006


Agent:

Brucella species; bacteria

Reservoir:

Cattle, Sheep and Goat & camel, Swine, …….


The most important routes of animal to human transmission of Brucella


1.1. IngestionIngestion

• Consumption of potentially Consumption of potentially

infected infected unpasteurized milk, milk milk, milk

products, or meat.products, or meat.

• UnpasteurizedUnpasteurized cheese, called cheese, called

"village cheese," from endemic "village cheese," from endemic

areas is a particular risk for areas is a particular risk for

touriststourists.


2.2. Direct contactDirect contact with infected animals, with infected animals, aborted fetus, the placenta and the aborted fetus, the placenta and the discharge from vagina.discharge from vagina.

• Accidental self inoculation of Accidental self inoculation of vaccines. vaccines.

High Risk GroupsHigh Risk Groups

• slaughter-house workers, meat inspectors, animal handlers and veterinarians.


3.3. Inhalation of aerosols containing the bacteriaInhalation of aerosols containing the bacteria

– aerosol contamination of the conjunctivaaerosol contamination of the conjunctiva

• In the lab, transmission is via aerosolization In the lab, transmission is via aerosolization

High Risk GroupsHigh Risk Groups

• Laboratory workers.Laboratory workers.


TransmissionTransmission

• In the Middle East and Africa ingestion of In the Middle East and Africa ingestion of

contaminated dairy products is an important route contaminated dairy products is an important route

of infection. of infection.

• In USA, Human brucellosis is primarily an In USA, Human brucellosis is primarily an

occupational hazard (Lab, Vet)occupational hazard (Lab, Vet)


PreventionPrevention

1. Eradication of brucellosis in 1. Eradication of brucellosis in animalsanimals is is

the key to prevention in humans. the key to prevention in humans.

• surveillance, serologic testing, quarantine surveillance, serologic testing, quarantine

and massive immunization of animals in and massive immunization of animals in

areas with high infection ratesareas with high infection rates

• legislation to control marketing and legislation to control marketing and

movement of animals.movement of animals.


2. Brucellosis acquired from milk is preventable2. Brucellosis acquired from milk is preventable

• Legislation to pasteurization of milk and dairy Legislation to pasteurization of milk and dairy

products. products.

• Public health education to avoid drinking untreated Public health education to avoid drinking untreated

milk and dairy products.milk and dairy products.

3. Health education for those occupationally at risk3. Health education for those occupationally at risk

(Use of Safety measures).(Use of Safety measures).

PreventionPrevention


Vaccination?!Vaccination?!

• A humanA human BrucellaBrucella vaccine vaccine does not existdoes not exist. .

• For animals: all are live-attenuated.For animals: all are live-attenuated.

• Currently, B. abortus RB51 is used to Currently, B. abortus RB51 is used to

immunize cattleimmunize cattle

• B. melitensis REV.1 is used to immunize B. melitensis REV.1 is used to immunize

goats and sheep.goats and sheep.


ThanThank youk [email protected]

Bibliotheca Alexandrina

21/1/2008Dr. Salwa Tayel (Brucellosis)1. 21/1/2008Dr. Salwa Tayel (Brucellosis)2 Associate Professor...

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