2019-07-11 Fisita Plus - Diesels end - E-Mobility with ......Department of Advanced Powertrains...

Fakultät für MaschinenbauInstitut für AutomobilforschungProfessur Alternative Fahrzeugantriebe

www.tu-chemnitz.deFISITA Plus London · 11th July 2019 · Prof. T. von Unwerth

Diesel‘s end?future e-mobility with batteries and fuel cells

Prof. Dr.-Ing.Thomas von Unwerth

ProfessurAlternative Fahrzeugantriebe

(Quellen: www.noz.de; BMW)

?

www.tu-chemnitz.de2

Faculty of Mechanical EngineeringDepartment of Advanced Powertrains

FISITA Plus London · 11th July 2019 · Prof. T. von Unwerth

‐Increase of CO2‐Emissions‐Growing needfor mobility

‐Climate change

t CO2 from veh. worldwide1(103,06 t per second,since counter start)

Number ofvehicles worldwide2

(+1,53 per second)

1,2 sources: statista.com, BP extrapolated to 11.7.2019

1.372.836.746,00 0,00

Global challenges of future mobility

www.tu-chemnitz.de3



Driving Emissions

1 Litre fuel(liquid)

1 l Diesel 2,62 kg CO2 = 1310 Litres1 l Benzin 2,32 kg CO2 = 1160 Litres(Density CO2 = 1,98 kg/m³)

Ca. 1200 Litre+

CO2 THCsoot

NoxParticles

(H2O)

www.tu-chemnitz.de4



RessourcesRessources Energy (-carrier)Energy (-carrier)

FuelsFuels

BtLBtL

CtLCtLGtLGtL

fossilfossil

UraniumUranium

DrivetrainDrivetrain

FuelCell /

E-Drive

FuelCell /

E-Drive

Battery/E-DriveBattery/E-Drive

conven-tional

Drivetrain(ICE)

combustion,emissions

conven-tional

Drivetrain(ICE)

combustion,emissions

Gasoline/DieselGasoline/Diesel

GasGas

OilOilCoalCoal

ElectricityElectricity

regenerativeregenerative

WindWindWaterWaterSolarSolar

GeothermalGeothermal

H2H2

BiomassBiomass BiogasBiogas

Replacement options for the transport sector

CO2Syn gas/fuelsSyn gas/fuels

www.tu-chemnitz.de5


FISITA Plus London · 11th July 2019 · Prof. T. von Unwerth.

Advanceddrivetrains /

Electrification

Legislation:- emissions / fuel consumption- incentives / tax benefits- driving bans / city-charges- ZEV-Legislation

Competition:- increased activities- more launches of

series vehicles- market positioning

Society:- increasing awareness ofecologic/economicissues

- climatic changes- lobbyists

Energy sector:- Fuel availability andlocal dependencies

- shortage of ressources- decreasing oil production

Driver for Electrification

www.tu-chemnitz.de6



?

(Sources: ALF, VW AG)

Technologien zur CO2-Reduktion

Efficient ICE

Eff.gearbox

Combinedcombustion

Car measures

CNGMild hybrid

Full hybrid

Plug-in hybrid

?

CO2 reduction technologies – what‘s next

Change toWLTP & RDE

( x 2.1 for RDE)(2021)

similar problem with NOx EURO 6: 80mg/km (Diesel), 60 mg/km (Otto) expensive and complicated exhaust after treatment (also THC etc)

www.tu-chemnitz.de7



Efficiency chains comparedWind power – Hydrogen – Methane – Gas vehicle

× 50% × 25% = 4,4%Efficiency pathway:

Wind power – Hydrogen – Fuel Cell – Electric vehicle

50% × 70% × 50% × 80% = 12.6%Efficiency pathway:

H2

× 90%

Wind power – Battery – Electric vehicle

50% × 95% × 90% × 80% = 34.2%Efficiency pathway:

Li-Ion

50% × 70%

CO2

winter operation (heat from Fuel Cell) = 12.6%)

winter operation (elec. heater from battery) : @ -20°C down to… × 30% = 12.8%)

www.tu-chemnitz.de8



Challenges for mobile electric storage/conversion

Energy

Power

Service Life

Costs

SafetyCycles, life span Defects, accidents, misuse,

maintenance

Performance, dynamics

Cruising range, availability of power-consuming comfort devices

Economic efficiency, market acceptance,

recycling

www.tu-chemnitz.de9



E-mobility as key technologycoal, gas nuclear wind solarwater

electricity as energy carrier

battery electricvehicles

charging stations

hydrogen as energy carrier with option for storage and sector coupling

Electric vehicleswith fuel cell

hydrogen filling station

transport

transition challengesShort range mobility

Fleet operationsUrban carsharing

Etc.

Full substitution of conventional mobility with all comfort issues

www.tu-chemnitz.de10



Diesel

400 kWhchemical energy

CompressedHydrogen

6 kg H2 @700 bar = 200 kWhchemical energy

Li-Ion battery

100 kWhelectrical energy

systemfuel

830 kg540 kg

670 L360 L

systemfuel

125 kg6 kg

260 L170 L

systemfuel

43 kg33 kg

46 L37 L

Volume and weight for 500 km range

(Ref.: CEP)




ElectricitySupercharger 120 kW

DieselFilling station 27.000 kW(ca. 50 l/min)

Tesla Model S

100 kWh (500 kg LiIon)

25 kWh / 100 km

→ 1 min „fueling“~ 8 km driving

Audi A3 2.0 TDI

450 kWh (40 kg Diesel)

6 l Diesel / 100 km

→ 1 min fueling~ 800 km driving

HydrogenFilling Station 3.000 kW(ca. 1 kg/min)

Mercedes GLC F-Cell

142 kWh (4,4 kg H2)

1 kg H2 / 100 km

→ 1 min fueling~ 100 km driving

(Sources: Tesla, Daimler, Audi)




Differences in infrastructureBattery electric mobility

Example Charging stations Lisboa(Quelle: zeitonline.de)

Example hydrogen filling station Berlin(Quelle: cleanenergypartnership.de)

Fuel Cell electric mobility

• Long time wired station occupied (future option: inductive)

• One charger per vehiclemany cars need many charging stations with high power outputCosts and power for Infrastructure ~ Nuber of cars

• Comfort / Preventiondis-/connection under all weather conditions, vandalism-proof

• Add-on to existing gasoline filling stationsone-time invest for infrastucture

• Short filling durationshigh vehicle througput without long queue time long range mobility

• Comfort / Preventionguarded facility, additional comfort byshop services etc.




Consumer batteries Automotive battery systemElectric energy storage




Battery vehicle - Example: BMW i3 BMW i3E-motor 125 kWp (250 Nm)REX 28 kWRange 190 km (NEDC)Charging time 3..8 h (fast charge 0,5h)Capacity 18,8 kWhEnergy density 95 Wh/kgWeight 1270 kg (incl. 230 Batt)Battery Li-Ion (360 V)

Samsung 96 Cells

(Source: BMW)




A fuel cell stack

Fuel + Oxidant = Products + Electricity + Heat




Hyundai Nexo 2018

blog.mercedes-benz-passion.com

Hyundai Fuel CellFC PEM, 95 kWPower density 3.1 kW/LiterE-drive 120 kW, 395 Nm (PSM)Range 800 kmFueling duration 5 min.Storage 3 x 700 bar CH2, 6.33 kg

156.6 LiterBattery Li-Polymer, 40 kW




New value chain for e-mobility – challenge and chance

New functionsNew technologies

New machines/tools

New playersNew jobs

New business cases




Tank systemand components

Auxiliaries

BatteriesBoardnet, Hybrid

Motor block,cylinder head

Mechanicalcomponents

gearbox

Key components

Process technologycomponents




Tank systemand mountings

Auxiliaries

Batteries

Stack endplatesand tensioning system

FC-components

E-drive/gearbox

Process technologycomponents

Key components




Several newer announcements




Technological progress today is that fast, whilst one declares a topic as absolutely infeasable, another interrupts him, declaringhe already realized it. Albert Einstein (theoretical physicist and nobel price winner)

(China, Mar. 2019)International Competition




Diesel end? – Powertrain mix towards clean future

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Thomas von UnwerthProfessur Alternative Fahrzeugantriebe

[email protected]

(Quellen: Mercedes; internationale Energieagentur; komoot.de; Volkswagen)

Thank you!

2019-07-11 Fisita Plus - Diesels end - E-Mobility with ......Department of Advanced Powertrains...

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