2017 LSA Institute Typology 7 using-typological-data...27/07/17 20 Whereis&Malayic&(typologically)?&...

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27/07/17 1 Introduc/on to Typology 7: using typological data, and analysis Mark Donohue Living Tongues Ins/tute LSA Ins/tute Kentucky 2017 July 27 What’s all this for? Remember the four things we can do, in broad outline? Features to features Features to languages Languages to features Languages to languages What makes sense?

Transcript of 2017 LSA Institute Typology 7 using-typological-data...27/07/17 20 Whereis&Malayic&(typologically)?&...

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    Introduc/on  to  Typology  7:  using  typological  data,  and  analysis  

    Mark  Donohue  Living  Tongues  Ins/tute  LSA  Ins/tute  Kentucky  

    2017  July  27  

    What’s  all  this  for?  

    •  Remember  the  four  things  we  can  do,  in  broad  outline?  – Features  to  features  – Features  to  languages  – Languages  to  features  – Languages  to  languages  

    •  What  makes  sense?  

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    Easy!  

    Predic/ve  Areal  Typology  

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    Areality  

    •  contrast:  – more  (or  less)  of  the  feature(s)  in  the  area  than  out  of  it;  

           – how  much  more  (or  less)?  how  far  out?  

    First  step?  

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    Predic/ve  Areal  Typology  

    Contras/ve  vowel  quali/es  

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    Old  world  

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    Circum-‐Pacific  

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    Contras/ve  vowel  quali/es:  propor/ons  

    0%  

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    1   2   3   4   5   6   7   8   9   10   11   12   13   14   15   16   17  

    Old  world   Circum-‐Pacific  

    Predic/ve  Areal  Typology  

    •  …just  like  that  head-‐marking  trend.  

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    Bodlenecks  and  Founder  effects  

    Bodlenecks  and  Founder  effects  

    •  Human  gene/cs  (schema/cally)  

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    Bodlenecks  and  Founder  effects  

    •  Founder  effects  can  apply  to  the  homeland  as  well.  

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    or  

    Spa/al  scans  

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    Spa/al  scans  

    Spa/al  scans  

    •  Create  a  line  that  best  captures  the  different  frequencies  of  the  feature  inside  and  outside  the  area.  

    •  Originally  developed  for  epidemiology.  

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    Spa/al  scans  

    •  Create  a  line  that  best  captures  the  different  frequencies  of  the  feature  inside  and  outside  the  area.  

    •  Originally  developed  for  epidemiology.  

    But,  s/ll,  ‘What’s  all  this  for?’  

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    Different  histories?  

    •  Malay/Chamic  •  Recent  language  spread,  very  conserva/ve  lexicons,  but  radically  different  in  many  other  ways.  

    Malayo-‐Chamic  

    •  18  Malayo-‐Chamic  varie/es:  •  Acehnese,  Ambonese  Malay,  Eastern  Cham,

     Western  Cham,  Iban,  Indonesian,  Jambi  Malay,  Kerinci,  Kupang  Malay,  Larantuka  Malay,  Manadonese,  Melanau,    Minangkabau  Mualang,  Nonthaburi  Malay,  Papuan  Malay,  Tsat,  Urak  Lawoi  

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    Malayo-‐Chamic  

    •  18languages:  

    •  Malayic  

    •  Chamic  

    Malayo-‐Chamic:  phonology  

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    Malayo-‐Chamic:  phonology  

    •  18languages:  

    •  Malayic  

    •  Chamic  

    Malayo-‐Chamic:  morphosyntax  

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    Malayo-‐Chamic:  morphosyntax  

    •  18languages:  

    •  Malayic  

    •  Chamic  

    Malayo-‐Chamic:  morphosyntax  

    •  18languages:  

    •  Malayic  

    •  Chamic  

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    Malayo-‐Sumbawan  

    (Huson  &  Bryant  2006)  

    •  Phonology  

    •  Morphosyntax  

    Malayo-‐Chamic  

    •  18languages:  

    •  Malayic  

    •  Chamic  

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    More  points  of  comparison?  Austronesian  (Malayo-‐Sumbawan)  Acehnese Ambonese Malay Balinese Cham Eastern Cham Western Iban Indonesian Jambi Malay Kerinci Kupang Malay Larantuka Malay Madurese Manadonese Melanau Minangkabau Mualang Nonthaburi Malay Papuan Malay Sasak Sumbawa Sundanese Tsat Urak Lawoi

    Austronesian  Proto-Malayo-Polynesian Maya Amarasi Muna Ambai Nuaulu Arguni Palue Balantak Pendau Banda Rote Begak Sawu Biak Selaru Bobongko Souw Amana Teru Buru Taba Cebuano Tagalog Dadua Tatana Dhao Tboli Dobel Tengger Dohoi Tetun Embaloh Toba Batak Fordata Tolaki Galolen Tugun Gayo Tukang Besi Helong Uab Meto Javanese Uma Kambera Uruangnirin Karo Batak West Damar Kei Wolio Keo Wotu  Kesui Koiwai Komodo Lampung

    Austro-‐Asia/c  Chrau Jahai Khmer Nyah Kur Nyaheun Pacoh Semelai Sre U Vietnamese

    Tai-‐Kadai  Be Hlai Li Maonan Mulao Thai Zhuang

    Tibeto-‐Burman  Amoy Bai Cantonese Fuzhou Hangzhou Karen Kayah Li Lahu Shanghai Tujia

    Trans  New  Guinea  Amele Asmat Dani Dom Ekagi Fore Fuyuge Iha Imonda Kaugel Kewa Lani Menya Mian

    WestPapuan  Abun MaiBrat Mpur Pagu Ternate Tidore Tobelo

    Sepik  Alamblak

    Skou  Skou

    South  New  Guinea  Kanum

    Tanah  Merah  Mairasi

    Torricelli  Arapesh One

    Pama-‐Nyungan  Djapu Martuthunira Ngiyambaa Nyawaygi Uradhi Wirangu

    Tangkic  Kayardild Yukulta

    Tiwi  Tiwi

    Wororan  Ngarinyin

    Phonological  clusterings  

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    Phonological  clusterings  

    Morphosyntac/c  clusterings  

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    Morphosyntac/c  clusterings  

    Malayo-‐Chamic  

    (other)  Austronesian  

    ‘Papuan’  

    ‘Australian’  

    Austro-‐Asia/c,  Kradai,  Tibeto-‐Burman,  Hmong-‐Mien  

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    Phonology  

    WALS  

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    Where  is  Malayic  (typologically)?  

    Language(s)   Phonology   Morphosyntax  Nonthaburi  Malay,  Urak  Lawoi’  

    Mainland  SE  Asia   ‘Mainland  SE  Asia’  

    Indonesian,  Jambi,  Kerinci,  Mualang,  Iban  

    Central   Central  

    Melanau   Central   Northern  (Philippine)  Menado,  Ambonese  Malay,  Larantuka  

    Peripheral   ‘Mainland  SE  Asia’  

    Kupang  Malay   Eastern   ‘Mainland  SE  Asia’  Papuan  Malay   Eastern   Eastern  

    What  has  happened?  

    •  A:  – Malayic  languages  spread  with  the  spread  of  Malayic  socio-‐economic  influence;  

    –  Speakers  of  Malayic  languages  moved  to  new  places;  –  They  acquired  linguis/c  traits  of  local  languages.  

    •  B:  – Malayic  languages  spread  with  the  spread  of  Malayic  socio-‐economic  influence;  

    –  Speakers  of  local  languages  relexified  to  par/cipate  in  the  new  Malayic  socio-‐economic  sphere.  

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    Contact  

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    Language  histories  (crude)  

    •  History  of  the  lexicon:  –  that  bit  which  the  compara/ve  methods  pays  aden/on  to,  and  with  the  safeguards  of  that  method;  

    •  History  of  the  phonology:  –  including  accent,  innova/ons,  and  areally-‐determined  ‘trends’;  

    •  History  of  the  morphosyntax:  –  Including  inherited  quirks,  and  acquired  paderns.  

    Language  histories  

    •                 P            L          M  

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    Language  histories  

    •                 P            L          M  

    Language  histories  

    •                 P            L          M  

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    Language  histories  

    •                 P            L          M  

    Language  histories  

    •                 P            L          M  

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    Language  histories  

    •                 P            L          M  

    Language  histories  

    •                 P            L          M  

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    Contact  

    Contact:  some  variables  

    •  (should  have  many  more)  

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    Sketches  of  social  interac/ons  and  linguis/c  outcomes  

    Malayo-‐Chamic:  phonology  

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    Contact  

    Social  interac/ons  and  linguis/c  outcomes  

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    Contact  

    •  Languages  with  recent  rapid  expansion:  – Malay  –  English  – Mandarin  – Arabic  – Quechua  

    •  Language  (familie)s  with  erra/c  correspondence  to  the  compara/ve  method’s  principles.  – Don’t  forget  pidgins  and  creoles.  

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    Or  Wales:    

    •  Bach  ‘small’  [bax]  

    •  ‘Cold  I  am,  isn’t  it?’  

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    Contact  

    •  Languages  with  recent  rapid  expansion:  – Malay  –  English  – Mandarin  – Arabic  – Quechua  

    •  Language  (familie)s  with  erra/c  correspondence  to  the  compara/ve  method’s  principles.  – Don’t  forget  pidgins  and  creoles.  

    Contact  

    •  Arabic  plosives  and  vowels  t   k   q   ʔ   i   u  

    b   d   dʒ  a  

    t   k   ʔ   i   u  b   d   dʒ   ɡ  

    a  

    t   tʃ   k   ʔ   i   ɨ  b   d   dʒ   ɡ   ə   o  

    ɗ   ɠ   æ   a  

    Chad  

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    Contact  

    •  Arabic  plosives  and  vowels  t   k   q   ʔ   i   u  

    b   d   dʒ  a  

    t   k   ʔ   i   u  b   d   dʒ   ɡ  

    a  

    p   t   tʃ   k   i   u  b   d   dʒ   ɡ   e   o  

    a  

    Juba  

    Contact  

    •  Arabic  plosives  and  vowels  t   k   q   ʔ   i   u  

    b   d   dʒ  a  

    t   k   ʔ   i   u  b   d   dʒ   ɡ  

    a  

    p   t   tʃ   k   q   i   u  b   d   dʒ   ɡ   e   ə   o  

    a  

    Hasköy  

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    Contact  

    •  Arabic  plosives  and  vowels  t   k   q   ʔ   i   u  

    b   d   dʒ  a  

    t   k   ʔ   i   u  b   d   dʒ   ɡ  

    a  

    p   t   tʃ   k   q   ʔ  b   d   dʒ   ɡ   ə  

    a  

    Mardin  

    Contact  

    •  Arabic  plosives  and  vowels  t   k   q   ʔ   i   u  

    b   d   dʒ  a  

    t   k   ʔ   i   u  b   d   dʒ   ɡ  

    a  

    t   k   ʔ  b   d   dʒ   ɡ   ə  

    k’   a  

    Yemen  

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    Contact  

    •  From  above,  below,  or  the  side  •  Different  effects  depending  on  the  nature  of  the  contact.