2014-1_Logbook Submission Part 2 ENVS10003
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Transcript of 2014-1_Logbook Submission Part 2 ENVS10003
39
WEEK 6: SPANNING & ENCLOSING SPACE
Figure 65: A group’s model (Picture: Achini Attanayake)
Figure 66: A group’s model (Picture: Achini Attanayake)
Additions from Week 5 Activity
This group focused on the roof structure of their allocated
section.
They constructed the timber beams and columns which were
part of the skeletal system.
However, the roof panel, which is being supported by the
columns and beams, is part of the enclosing system. Our task
was to create the structural systems only.
Like our model, their one was also unfinished.
This model consists mainly of concrete walls and slabs. The
walls are designed to be load-bearing and therefore, this model
shows the structural system.
The cantilever, however, does not form part of any structural
system as it cannot sufficiently support any loads.
Column
Beam
Roof panel
Wall
Slab
40
OTHER GROUPS’ SITES
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42
WEEK 6 KNOWLEDGE MAPS References: see Reference list on pg. 69-72
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References: see Reference list on pg. 69-72
ALLOY: combinations of two or more metals (Newton, 2014)
CANTILEVER: a beam that is fixed at one end only
EAVE: the overhanging lower edge of a roof (Ching, 2008)
PORTAL FRAME: a structural frame consisting of columns and rafters, usually made from steel
PURLIN: a horizontal beam that supports the rafters of a roof
WEEK 6 GLOSSARY
(Ching, 2008)
(JS Engineering Design, 2014)
44
RAFTER: a parallel sloping beam that forms the framework of a roof (refer to diagram above)
SOFFIT: the underside of an overhanging roof eave (Ching, 2008)
TOP CHORD: the top beam in a truss
(Ching, 2008)
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46
WEEK 7: DETAILING STRATEGIES 1 References: see Reference list on pg. 69-72
WEEK 7 KNOWLEDGE MAPS
47
References: see Reference list on pg. 69-72 References: see Reference list on pg. 69-72
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References: see Reference list on pg. 69-72
DOWN PIPE: where collected water from the gutters runs through to the stormwater systems (Newton, 2014)
DRIP: a projection from a gutter from which stormwater can drip (refer to diagram above)
FLASHING: thin continuous pieces of sheet metal installed to prevent the passage of water into a structure (Ching, 2008)
GUTTER: a structure along the roof which is where stormwater is collected (refer to diagram above)
WEEK 7 GLOSSARY
(Ching, 2008)
Drip
Gutter
Down
pipe
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INSULATION: material used to prevent or reduce the transfer of heat or sound
PARAPET: a wall or railing along the edge of a balcony or roof
SEALANT: a way to seal an opening in order to avoid water penetration using materials such as silicon I(Newton, 2014)
VAPOUR BARRIER: a material of low permeance installed to prevent moisture from entering (Ching, 2008)
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51
WEEK 8: STRATEGIES FOR OPENINGS
Figure 67: Box gutter system (Cox Architecture, 2012)
Figure 69: Oval Pavilion, west side (Picture: Achini Attanayake)
My section was the box gutter system
in the roof of the Function Room of
the Oval Pavilion.
The predominant materials were
aluminium, insulation, cement and
plasterboard.
This structure had many non-
permeable features such as flashing
and a sealant. This was due to the
whole purpose of this section which is
to collect stormwater runoff and
dispose it. Figure 68: Function Room Roof Section (Cox Architecture, 2012)
My section
Figure 70: Underneath the roof section
(Picture: Achini Attanayake)
During our visit, my section wasn’t
found during the allocated time.
However, we did find the east part of
the Function Room roof which was
the other members’ sections.
Furthermore, in a corridor, we saw the
structure below our roof section. In
Figure 70, the other members’
sections are situated right above the
ceiling.
Other members’ sections
Other members’ sections
Section-Function Room Roof North 03
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53
References: see Reference list on pg. 69-72 WEEK 8 KNOWLEDGE MAPS
54
References: see Reference list on pg. 69-72
DEFLECTION: the bending of a member when placed under a load
DOOR FURNITURE: components required for a door such as locks, handles etc.
MOMENT OF INERTIA: a measure of an object’s resistance to rotational motion
SHEAR FORCE: a forced that pushes a structure in opposite but parallel directions
STRESS: a condition when a structure is under tension or strain
WINDOW SASH: the fixed or movable framework of a window in which pane of glass are set (Ching, 2008)
WEEK 8 GLOSSARY
(Ching, 2008)
55
Draw a section through the site approximately
identifying the following elements:
External wall and internal wall
All floors structure and footings structure
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WEEK 9: DETAILING STRATEGIES
On the previous section, identify the
materials and structural elements
Concrete slabs
Concrete columns
Concrete footings
Steel reinforcement
With a different colour, draw the Load
Path Diagram
Provide a photo of an external entrance
threshold and identify the following:
All materials visible
Discuss how water be kept out of the
building
Draw a section through an internal wall and
identify all elements visible
Provide 3 examples of managing
safety on site
High visibility clothing is
required to be worn by
everybody
Temporary scaffolding is
placed along edges so that
it acts as a barrier.
Keeping the site tidy by using
rubbish bins
Figure 72: Load Paths Figure 71: Section drawing
Figure 73: Entrance (Picture: Achini Attanayake)
Figure 74: Section drawing
Note that this does not show the threshold. It
prevents water from entering as it covers the joint
between the door and the ground.
Cladding
Concrete
panels
Reinforcement
Footing
Beam
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What happens to rainwater that
lands on the roof?
The top concrete slab may be built
on a slight slope. Hence, this causes
the rainwater to fall to the gutters
and eventually through the down
pipes to the underground
stormwater system.
Provide a photo of an external
window and identify the following:
All elements visible
What type of window is it?
Figure 75: External window (Picture:
Achini Attanayake)
WINDOW FRAME
and SASH
Head
Jamb
Sill
It is a metal window, either
aluminium or steel.
It is fixed with a stationary sash.
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References: see Reference list on pg. 69-72 WEEK 9 KNOWLEDGE MAPS
59
References: see Reference list on pg. 69-72
BENDING: the change in shape of a structure when placed under a load
COMPOSITE BEAM: a beam created with two or more different materials (Newton, 2014)
CORNICE: a moulded projection that crowns a wall or divides it horizontally (Ching, 2008)
SANDWICH PANEL: a panel consisting of one material enclosed between two thin sheets of another material
SHADOW LINE JOINT: a type of joint that leaves a slight shadow between the two connecting members
SKIRTING: a board that runs along the bottom the of a wall where it joins the floor
WEEK 9 GLOSSARY
(Ching, 2008)
(Auskstone, 2014)
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61
WEEK 10: WHEN THINGS GO WRONG
On our second visit to the Oval Pavilion, we
spotted my section of the Function Room roof.
Only the aluminium fascia was seen due to the
parapet covering the rest of the structure.
Figure 76: My section of the Function Room roof (Picture: Achini Attanayake)
Aluminium
fascia
Figure 77: Metal deck roof
Figure 78: Cement cladding Figure 79: Aluminium fascia
Figure 80: Flashing Figure 81: Joint sealant Figure 82: Vapour Barrier
These elements were used to prevent any water
prevention into the building.
Since this structure is exposed to
outdoor elements, some
components may be susceptible to
wear. For instance, the joint sealant is
vulnerable as it is made out of silicon
which is not very durable.
Furthermore, the metal deck roof,
flashing and aluminium fascia may
undergo corrosion or oxidisation.
The corrosion or oxidisation of metal
elements will be rather expensive to
replace since it encompasses most
of the section. Removing these
sections for replacements will affect
the other elements as well.
Also, constant replacements due to
weathering will prove to be
economic issues as well.
However, the materials used for this
structure are generally cost effective
and therefore, it won’t be such a
great detriment to the budget.
As an outdoor structure,
this material was chosen
for its durability, hardness
and impermeability.
Cement was chosen
for both its durability
and compressive
strength.
Aluminum was
mainly chosen for
its aesthetic
qualities since it is
exposed to the
public as seen in Fig
76.
62
Section-Function Room Roof North 03: 3D drawing
WEEK 10 KNOWLEDGE MAPS
63
References: see Reference list on pg. 69-72
References: see Reference list on pg. 69-72
64
BRACED FRAME: a timber or steel frame with diagonal members which resist lateral forces in buildings (Ching, 2008)
CORROSION: the process by which materials are eaten away by chemical action
DEFECT: an imperfection or blemish; a point of weakness
FASCIA: a horizontal band, usually located under a roof edge
IEQ: indoor environment quality (Hes, 2014)
LIFE CYCLE: the development of building material from the extraction and processing of raw materials, the
manufacturing, packaging, and transportation of the finished product to the point of use, maintaining the material in
use, the possible recycling and reuse of the material, and its final disposal (Ching, 2008)
SHEAR WALL: a wood, concrete, or masonry wall capable of resisting changes in shape and transferring lateral loads to
the ground foundation (Ching, 2008)
WEEK 10 GLOSSARY
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SOFT STOREY: a floor that is significantly weaker or more flexible than those above and/or below it (Newton, 2014)
66
CONSTRUCTION WORKSHOP REPORT
67
We were instructed to create a structure spanning
1000mm. Our group was given one plywood sheet
and 3 pinewood timber beams.
During our construction, we used screws, nails,
hammers, electric drill and saws.
Figure 84: Beam structure, bottom view (Picture:
Achini Attanayake)
Figure 83: Beam structure, top view (Picture: Achini Attanayake)
We decided to attach two of the
pinewood beam to the sheet of plywood.
Screws were used as nails were too long.
Some longer screws were used when
there was a lack of shorter screws.
The plywood was primarily a connecting
member for the two pinewood timber
beams. This structure was to be the span.
Plywood
Pinewood
Pinewood Screw
Screw
The remaining beam was cut into 10
equal pieces and two supports were
created by using 5 pieces of timber each.
This was done by using long nails.
Figure 85: Supports (Picture: Achini Attanayake)
Figure 86: Butt joint (Ching, 2008)
Only the butt joint system was used in our
structures.
Figure 87: Connection between beam and supports (Picture: Achini Attanayake)
The beam and the supports were simply
nailed together, with the supports placed
lengthwise.
68
Figure 88: Finished product (Picture: Achini Attanayake)
SPAN
Figure 89: Load paths
From Fig 89, it is evident that major
deflection would occur when the
structure is placed under a load. This is
because there is a lack of support in
the middle of the span length.
We actually turned the beam around
with the plywood on the underside.
This was because we believed that the
sheet would hold the two pinewood
beams together during deflection.
It should also be noted that some the
timber began to crack because we
had secured nails against its grain
direction.
However, unlike the scale model-
making during studio sessions, the
materials were more manageable and
reliable.
Figure 90: In the testing cradle (Picture: Achini
Attanayake)
Figure 91: Point of weakness (Picture: Achini
Attanayake)
Point of weakness
As expected, our structure
experienced a major deflection of
100mm.
It was also able to sustain a large load
of 80kg.
The weakness point was located in
middle of the span where it cracked.
Figure 92, 93: Other team’s beams (Picture: Achini
Attanayake)
Other teams’ beams were varied in their
structure. However, none of them
proved to be stable beams.
REFERENCES
Ashford, P. (2014). Collapses and failures, when things go wrong. Retrieved from
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yNEl-fYRi_I&feature=youtu.be
Auskstone. (2014). Things to consider. Retrieved from http://www.auskstone.com.au/Sydney-Kitchen-Benchtop/Sydney-
Kitchen-Stones-Factory-services
Ching, F.D.K. (2008). Building construction illustrated (4th ed.). Hoboken, New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons
Cox Architecture Pty Ltd. (2012). Oval pavilion construction drawings.
Grose, M. (2014). Walking the constructed city. Retrieved from
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CGMA71_3H6o&feature=youtu.be
Hes, D. (2014). Heroes and Villans-a framework for selecting materials. Retrieved from
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FhdfwGNp_6g&feature=youtu.be
Huston, A. (2014). The Pantheon: An example of early Roman concrete. Retrieved from
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9aL6EJaLXFY&feature=youtu.be
JS Engineering Design Ltd. (2014). Roof structures. Retrieved from http://www.jsengineeringdesign.co.uk/roofs.htm
Newton, C. (2014). A tale of corrosion: The Statue of Liberty. Retrieved from
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2IqhvAeDjlg&feature=youtu.be
Newton, C. (2014). Bricks. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4lYlQhkMYmE&feature=youtu.be
Newton, C. (2014). Composite materials. Retrieved from
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Uem1_fBpjVQ&feature=youtu.be
69
Newton, C. (2014). Concrete. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=c1M19C25MLU&feature=youtu.be
Newton, C. (2014). Concrete blocks. Retrieved from
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=geJv5wZQtRQ&feature=youtu.be
Newton, C. (2014). Concrete detailing. Retrieved from
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yqVwAV7yJCI&feature=youtu.be
Newton, C. (2014). Construction systems. Retrieved from
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8zTarEeGXOo&feature=youtu.be
Newton, C. (2014). Detailing for heat and moisture. Retrieved from
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Lhwm8m5R_Co&feature=youtu.be
Newton, C. (2014). Engineered timber products. Retrieved from
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0YrYOGSwtVc&feature=youtu.be
Newton, C. (2014). ESD and collecting materials. Retrieved from
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=luxirHHxjIY&feature=youtu.be
Newton, C. (2014). Ferrous metals. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SQy3IyJy-is&feature=youtu.be
Newton, C. (2014). Floor systems. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=otKffehOWaw&feature=youtu.be
Newton, C. (2014). Footings and foundations. Retrieved from
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PAcuwrecIz8&feature=youtu.be
Newton, C. (2014). From wood to timber. Retrieved from
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YJL0vCwM0zg&feature=youtu.be
Newton, C. (2014). Glass. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_I0Jqcrfcyk&feature=youtu.be
Newton, C. (2014). In situ concrete. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=c3zW_TBGjfE&feature=youtu.be
70
Newton, C. (2014). Introduction to mass construction. Retrieved from
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8Au2upE9JN8&feature=youtu.be
Newton, C. (2014). Introduction to masonry. Retrieved from
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DC8Hv8AKQ8A&feature=youtu.be
Newton, C. (2014). Introduction to materials. Retrieved from
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=s4CJ8o_lJbg&feature=youtu.be
Newton, C. (2014). Introduction to metals. Retrieved from
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RttS_wgXGbI&feature=youtu.be
Newton, C. (2014). Lateral Supports. Retrieved from
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BodoWgcQapA
Newton, C. (2014). Load path diagrams. Retrieved from
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=y__V15j3IX4&feature=youtu.be
Newton, C. (2014). Non ferrous metals. Retrieved from
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EDtxb7Pgcrw&feature=youtu.be
Newton, C. (2014). Openings: Doors and windows. Retrieved from
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=g7QQIue58xY&feature=youtu.be
Newton, C. (2014). Paints. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WrydR4LA5e0&feature=youtu.be
Newton, C. (2014). Plastics. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5pfnCtUOfy4&feature=youtu.be
Newton, C. (2014). Pre cast concrete. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=scYY-
MMezI0&feature=youtu.be
Newton, C. (2014). Roof systems. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q5ms8vmhs50&feature=youtu.be
71
Newton, C. (2014). Rubber. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OPhjDijdf6I&feature=youtu.be
Newton, C. (2014). Stone. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2Vn5_dk4RtQ&feature=youtu.be
Newton, C. (2014). Structural concepts: geometry and equilibrium.
Newton, C. (2014). Structural elements. Retrieved from
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wQIa1O6fp98&feature=youtu.be
Newton, C. (2014). Structural joints. Retrieved from http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kxRdY0jSoJo&feature=youtu.be
Newton, C. (2014). Structural systems. Retrieved from http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=l--JtPpI8uw&feature=youtu.be
Newton, C. (2014). Timber properties and considerations. Retrieved from
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ul0r9OGkA9c&feature=youtu.be
Newton, C. (2014). Walls, grids and columns. Retrieved from
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Vq41q6gUIjI&feature=youtu.be
Selenitsch, A. (2014). Column and Wall; Point and Plane. Retrieved from
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KJ97Whk1kGU&feature=youtu.be
Walls. (2014). Retrieved from http://prointeriordesigner.com/construction/walls/
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