2014 - 004 Plumbing Fixtures

8/20/2019 2014 - 004 Plumbing Fixtures

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UNDERSTANDINGPLUMBING FIXTURES

FUNDAMENTALS OF PLUMBING

DANILO V. RAVINA 1


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KEYWORDS:

• PLUMBING FIXTURE

• FIXTURE UNIT

• DRAINAGE FIXTURE UNIT (DFU)

• WATER SUPPLY FIXTURE (WSFU)

•

ROUGHING-IN

DANILO V. RAVINA 2


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DANILO V. RAVINA, NAMPAP -CEBU

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What are Plumbing Fixtures?

• Plumbing Fixtures are approved-type installed receptacles,

devices or appliances supplied with water or liquid-borne

wastes & discharge such wastes into the drainage system to

which they may be directly or indirectly connected. Industrial

or commercial tanks, vats & similar processing equipment are

not plumbing fixtures , but may be connected to or discharge

into approved traps or plumbing fixtures as approved for in

this Code. (Sec. 217.10 NPC 1999)


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FIXTURE UNIT

207.8

FIXTURE UNIT is an arbitrary quantity in terms of

which the load-producing effects or water

requirements on the plumbing system of different

kinds of plumbing fixtures are expressed in some

arbitrarily chosen scale. One fixture unit is

equivalent to a rate of flow at 28.3 liters per

minute (1 cubic feet per minute) or (7.5 gpm).

DRAINAGE FIXTURE UNIT (DFU) is a numerical

weighing factor to account for the probable

discharge into the plumbing drainage system by

various types of plumbing fixtures, using the single

lavatory as equivalent to 1 DFU.

WATER SUPPLY FIXTURE UNIT (WSFU) is a

numerical weighing factor to account for the water

demand of various plumbing fixtures, using the

lavatory for private use as equivalent to 1 WSFU.

DANILO V. RAVINA 4


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5

What are the common types of Plumbing

Fixtures?

• Plumbing Fixtures, put in simpler term, are receptacles or

receivers attached to the plumbing system other than a trap

in which water or waste may be collected or retained for

ultimate discharge into the plumbing treatment facility and

point of discharge.

• Their common types are:

1. Water Closet 2. Lavatory

3. Bathtub /Shower 4. Kitchen Sink

5. Bidet 6. Urinal


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WATER CLOSETDRAINAGEFIXTURE MINIMUM

TRAP &

TRAP ARM

SIZE (mm)

DRAINAGE

FIXTURE

UNIT (DFU)

WATER

CLOSET,*

PRIVATE

INSTALLATION

76 mm 4 DFU

WATER

CLOSET,

PUBLIC

INSTALLATION

76 mm 6 DFU

WATER SUPPLY

FIXTURE WATER

SUPPLY

FIXTURE

UNIT

(WSFU):

PRIVATE USE

WATER

SUPPLY

FIXTURE

UNIT

(WSFU):

PUBLIC USE

WATER CLOSET

(FLUSH TANK)

3 WSFU 5 WSFU

WATER CLOSET

(ECONOMICAL

FLUSH)

2.5 WSFU 4 WSFU

WATER CLOSET(FLUSHOMETER

VALVE) 25 mm

6 WSFU 10 WSFU

DANILO V. RAVINA 6

Water closets shall be computed as 6

DFU when determining septic tank size.

*Drainage Fixture Unit (DFU) and Water Supply Fixture Unit (WSFU) – is a numerical weighing factor to

account for the sewage flow or water demand of various plumbing fixtures, using the lavatory (for private

use) as 1 DFU or 1 WSFU. It is just an index number meant to put all fixtures on a common basis.

Refer to page 80 of the NPC Refer to page 73 of the NPC


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7

What is a Water Closet & What are its

Classifications?

• Water Closet is a plumbing fixture used

to receive human excrement & to

discharge it through a waste pipe, using

water as a conveying medium.

• Water Closets are classified according to:

1. Design

2. Make

3. Flushing Mechanism Used

4. Shape5. Installation


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What are the types of water closet as to Design?1. Siphon Washdown 2. Siphon Jet 3. Siphon Vortex 4. Reverse Trap

1. Siphon Washdown

It is the least expensive but thenoisiest; Only small amount ofstanding water, susceptible tofouling, staining &contamination

2. Siphon Jet

The jet being submerged,introduces water underwater sothat its operation is entirelymuffled. It has a large amountof standing water to preventfouling


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3. Siphon Vortex

This type of bowl develops itsflushing action through the

water entering the diagonalholes around the rim whichcreates a swirling action whichforms a vortex in the center.

Reverse Trap

The trap way located at the reareliminated the bulge at the front.The design of the bowl plus itslarge water area & quietness inoperation, makes it desirablethan the siphon washdown.


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What are the type of water closets as to Make?1. One-Piece 2. Close Coupled 3. Pail Flush 4. Squat bowl

• The water closet fixture is

manufactured with the bowl &the flush tank molded into a

single unit

One-Piece Water Closet:

From HCG


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Close Coupled Water Closet:

• A water closet wherein the flush tank

is separate but is attached to the

toilet bowl. It is a two-piece model.From Mariwasa ToTo

From HCG


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Pail Flush Water Closet:

• A water closet comprising only of a bowl

without a flush tank. Flushing action is

obtained only through water poured from a

pail or bucket. This is used in areas where

running water system is not available.

From Royal Tern


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Squat Bowl Water Closet:

• A water closet thatis other wiseknown as “easterntype” water closet

since the userassumes asquatting positionrather than a

sitting position.


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What are the types of water closets as to Flushing

Mechanism Used?1. Flush Tank 2. Flushometer Valve

Flush Tank- Holds a supply of water forflushing the water closet. It flushes 3 to 6liters.


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Flushometer Valve:

• Flushometer Valve is a

valve designed to supply a

fixed quantity of water for

flushing purposes. It is

activated by direct waterpressure without the use

of a flush tank. It requires

a flow pressure of 69 to

138 kPa (10 to 20 psi)


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What are the types of water

closets as to Shape?1. Round Front

2. Elongated Front

Round FrontWC is intendedfor installationon a limited

space.

Elongated Frontis morecomfortable butoccupies a larger

space. Watercloset bowls forpublic use shall bethe elongated type.

Section 401

Water closet bowls for

public use shall be the

elongated bowl types

equipped with

open-front seats.


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What are the types of water closet as to installation?1. Free Standing or Floor Mounted

2. Wall Hung or Wall Mounted


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What is a Lavatory? What are its types?

• A Lavatory is a fixture designed for the washing of the hands

or face. It is also known as a Wash Basin.

• The 4 types of Lavatory are:

1. Wall Hung Lavatory

2. Pedestal Lavatory

3. Counter Type Lavatory

a. Overcounter or Counter top

b. Undercounter 4. One-piece Lavatory

LAVATORY


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Wall Hung Lavatory: Pedestal Lavatory:


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Counter Type Lavatory:

Overcounter Lavatory Undercounter Lavatory


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One-piece Lavatory:


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What are the Minimum Clearances & Roughing-ins for

Lavatories?


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What is a Bathtub?

• A Bathtub is a tub for bathing, usually a

fixed plumbing installation designed for

1 person. It is available in left outlet and

right outlet


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What is a Shower Bath?

A Shower Bath is an apparatus for sprayingwater on the body, usually from above. Drainis through the shower bath floor drain.

Shower Pan


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DANILO V. RAVINA 26

1 . 7

8 m e t e r s

Sec. 409.4

All shower compartments,

regardless of shape, shallhave a minimum finished

interior area of 0.6 square

meter, and shall also be

capable of encompassing a

762 mm diameter circle.

The minimum area anddimension shall be

maintained from a point

above the shower drain

outlet to a height of 1.78

meters with no protrusions

other than the fixture valveor valves, shower head and

safety grab bars or rails.

SHOWER COMPARTMENT

762 mm

Min. Area = 0.6 m²


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What is a Kitchen Sink?

A Kitchen Sink isa plumbing fixtureconsisting of abasin with a water

supply, connectedwith a drain & usedfor dishwashing.


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What is a Bidet?

A Bidet is a plumbing fixture used forwashing the middle part of the body,especially the genitals. It is alsoknown as Sitz Bath.


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Bidet is used in tandem with the one-piece water closet or in

integrated with the close coupled water closet:

WASHLET


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What is a Urinal? What are the types of Urinal?

• A Urinal is a plumbing fixture equipped with a water

supply and drain for flushing away urine.

• The types of Urinals are:

1. Wall Hung Urinal

2. Pedestal Urinal

3. Stall Urinal

4. Trough Urinal


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Wall Hung Urinal:


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Stall Urinal


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Urinal Types, Clearances and Roughing-ins:


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What are other types of Plumbing Fixtures?

Slop Sink – A deep sink, set low &used by janitors for emptying pailsof dirty water & mop cleaning.

Laundry Tub – A deep wide sinkused for washing clothes.


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Scrub Sink: Drinking Fountain:

A Scrub Sink is aplumbing fixtureusually located in theO.R. in a hospital toenable personnel to

scrub their handsprior to a surgicalprocedure. The Hot& Cold water supplyis activated by aknee – action mixing

valve or by wrist orpedal control or byautomatic sensors.

A Drinking Fountain is aplumbing fixture consisting

of a shallow basin, togetherwith a water jet, designedto provide potable water forhuman consumption.


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What are Toilet and Bath Plumbing

Accessories?


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PLUMBING FIXTURES:

CLEARANCES,ROUGHING-INDIMENSIONS and FIXTURE UNIT

VALUES (dfu) (wsfu)

DANILO V. RAVINA 37

WATER CLOSET


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WATER CLOSET

457 mm

375 mm750 mm

4 5 7 m m

762 mm

1 5 2 4 m m

300 mm600 mm 600 mm

381 mm

457 mm

CLEARANCE DIMENSIONS

219.9

ROUGHING-IN - the

installation of all pipings

and fitting parts of theplumbing system, which

can be completed prior to

the installation of fixtures

and accessories. These

include sanitary and storm

drainage, tap, hot andchilled water supplies, gas

pipings, vent pipings and

the necessary fixture

supports.

DANILO V. RAVINA 38

Clearances are

minimum distances

of fixtures for

human safety andcomfort.

WATER CLOSET


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WATER CLOSET

Section 401

Water closet bowls for public use

shall be the elongated bowl types

equipped with open-front seats.

457 mm

375 mm750 mm

4 5 7 m m

762 mm

1 5 2 4 m m

300 mm600 mm 600 mm

381 mm

457 mm

CLEARANCE DIMENSIONS

219.9

ROUGHING-IN - the installation of

all pipings and fitting parts of the

plumbing system, which can be

completed prior to the installationof fixtures and accessories. These

include sanitary and storm

drainage, tap, hot and chilled

water supplies, gas pipings, vent

pipings and the necessary fixture

supports.

DANILO V. RAVINA 39


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375 MM750 MM

300 mm

457 MM

300 mm

2 0 6 m m

ROUGHING-IN FOR WATER CLOSET

150 mm

206 mm

DANILO V. RAVINA 40


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WATER CLOSET ROUGHING-IN

DANILO V. RAVINA 41


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DANILO V. RAVINA 42

ANATOMY OF A WATERCLOSET


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ANATOMY OF A WATERCLOSET

DANILO V. RAVINA 43


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DANILO V. RAVINA 44


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FLOOR DRAINS

409.1

Floor drains shall be considered

plumbing fixtures.

SHOWER RECEPTORS

409.2

Shower receptors are plumbing fixtures.

409.3Each shower receptor shall be an approved type and be

constructed to have a finish dam, curb or threshold which is

at least 25.4 mm lower than the outside floor at the sides

and back of such receptor. In no case shall any dam or

threshold be less than 51 mm nor more than 228 mm indepth when measured from the top of the dam or threshold

to the drain. The finished floor of the receptor shall slope

uniformly from the sides towards the drain not less than 2%

or 20mm/m or more than 4% or 40mm/m. Thresholds shall

be of sufficient width to accommodate a minimum 559mm

wide door.

DANILO V. RAVINA 45


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SHOWER / BATH TUB

DANILO V. RAVINA 46


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PLUMBING ACCESSORIES

DANILO V. RAVINA 47


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TOILET FOR THE DISABLED

DANILO V. RAVINA 48


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SHOWER FOR THE DISABLED

DANILO V. RAVINA 49

/


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TOILET / POWDER ROOM PLAN

TWO FIXTURE PLAN: PARALLEL

TWO FIXTURE PLAN: ACROSS

DANILO V. RAVINA 50


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TOILET AND BATH PLAN

THREE FIXTURE PLAN: OPEN TYPE

THREE FIXTURE PLAN:

COMPARTMENT TYPEDANILO V. RAVINA 51


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FIXTURE UNIT

207.8

FIXTURE UNIT is an arbitrary quantity in terms of

which the load-producing effects or waterrequirements on the plumbing system of different

kinds of plumbing fixtures are expressed in some

arbitrarily chosen scale. One fixture unit is

equivalent to a rate of flow at 28.3 liters per

minute (1 cubic feet per minute) or (7.5 gpm).

DRAINAGE FIXTURE UNIT (DFU) is a numerical

weighing factor to account for the probable

discharge into the plumbing drainage system by

various types of plumbing fixtures, using the single

lavatory as equivalent to 1 DFU.

WATER SUPPLY FIXTURE UNIT (WSFU) is a

numerical weighing factor to account for the water

demand of various plumbing fixtures, using the

lavatory for private use as equivalent to 1 WSFU.

DANILO V. RAVINA 52

DRAINAGE FIXTURE UNIT VALUES FOR VARIOUS TYPES


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(Private installation )

(Single)

DRAINAGE FIXTURE UNIT VALUES FOR VARIOUS TYPES

OF PLUMBING FIXTURES

NOTE: For more details,

refer to Table 7-2 of the

NPC. Page 80

DANILO V. RAVINA 53

*MAXIMUM FIXTURE UNIT LOADING AND MAXIMUM LENGTH OF


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MAXIMUM FIXTURE UNIT LOADING AND MAXIMUM LENGTH OF

EXCRETA DRAINAGE AND VENT PIPING

NOTES:

1. Excluding trap arm

2. Except sinks, urinals and dishwashers.

3. Except 6 fixture unit traps or water closets.

4. Only four (4) water closet or 6 fixture unit traps are allowed on any vertical pipe or stack, and not

to exceed three (3) water closets or six (6) fixture unit traps on any horizontal branch or drain.

5. Based on 2% or 20.9 mm/m slope. For one (1) percent or 10.4mm/m slope, multiply horizontal

fixture units by a factor of 0.80.

*THESE

FIGURES ARE

FOUND IN

TABLE 7-5 OFTHE NPC ON

PAGE 88.

DANILO V. RAVINA 54

WATER SUPPLY FIXTURE UNITS (WSFU)


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Type of Fixture

Number of Water Supply Fixture Units

(WSFU)

Private Use Public Use

Bar Sink 1 2

Bathtub (with or without Shower over) 2 4

Bidet 2 4

Drinking Fountain (each faucet) 1 2

Hose Bibb 3 5

Laundry Tub or Clothes Washer 2 4

Lavatory 1 2

Shower (each head) 2 4

Sink (kitchen) or dishwasher 2 4

Urinal (wall or stall type) - 5Water Closet – Flush Tank 3 5

Water Closet – Flush Valve: 19mm 3 6

Water Closet – Flush Valve: 25mm 6 10

EQUIVALENT *WATER SUPPLY FIXTURE UNITS (WSFU)

*Water Supply Fixture Unit (WSFU) – is a numerical weighing factor to account for the water demand of various

plumbing fixtures, using the lavatory (for private use) as 1 WSFU. It is just an index number meant to put all fixtures

on a common basis.

WATER SUPPLY FIXTURE UNITS (WSFU)

DANILO V. RAVINA 55


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TABLE 2B. ESTIMATING WATER DEMAND


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SUPPLY SYSTEMS PREDOMINANTLY FOR FLUSH VALVES

LOAD IN WATER

SUPPLY FIXTURE

UNITS (WSFU)

WATER DEMAND LOAD IN WATER

SUPPLY FIXTURE

UNITS (WSFU)

WATER DEMAND

Gallon per minute Liter per second Gallon per minute Liter per second

1 - - 60 54.0 3.41

2 - - 70 58.0 3.66

3 - - 80 61.2 3.86

4 - - 90 64.3 4.06

5 15.0 0.95 100 67.5 4.26

6 17.4 1.10 120 73.0 4.61

7 19.8 1.25 140 77.0 4.86

8 22.2 1.40 160 81.0 5.11

9 24.6 1.55 180 85.5 5.39

10 27.0 1.70 200 90.0 5.68

12 28.6 1.80 250 101.0 6.37

14 30.2 1.91 300 108.0 6.81

16 31.8 2.01 400 127.0 8.01

18 33.4 2.11 500 143.0 9.02

20 35.0 2.21 750 177.0 11.17

25 38.0 2.40 1000 208.0 13.12

30 42.0 2.65 1250 239.0 15.08

35 44.0 2.78 1500 269.0 16.97

40 46.0 2.90 2000 325.0 20.50

45 48.0 3.03 2500 380.0 23.97

50 50.0 3.15 3000 433.0 27.32DANILO V. RAVINA 57


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END OF PRESENTATION

2014 - 004 Plumbing Fixtures

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