2012 researchers in professional practice (RIPP)

ART + SCIENCE

RESEARCHERS IN PROFESSIONAL PRACTICE

HEALTHCARE DESIGN 2012

INTRODUCTION

• IMPLEMENTATION OF RESEARCH IN PRACTICE

• FIRM CULTURE AND STRUCTURE• RESEARCH TEAMS

• SURVEY RESULTS

IMPLEMENTATION OF RESEARCH IN PRACTICE

Factors

Firm Culture and Structure

Research Team

Shepley, Heath Facility Evaluation for Design Practitioners

Inclusiveness

Communication

Objectivity

Long-term goals

Governing organization

Ethnic composition

Typology

Staff

Research commitment

Short-term goals

Location

Services offered

Firm age

Financial status

Firm size

FIRM CULTUREFIRM STRUCTURE

FIRM CULTURE AND STRUCTURE

FIRM STRUCTURE

Examples

Large firms with sufficient discretionary budgets may be more

likely to engage in research.

New firms that emphasize innovation may be more likely to engage in research.


Inclusiveness

Communication

Objectivity

How publicly the firm wishes to disseminate the information.

Allowing individuals outside the design process to participate and focus POE on original objectives.

Degree to which firm encourages participation of differing subject types.

FIRM CULTURE


Inclusiveness

Communication

Objectivity

Not at all Very much so

How would you rate your firm?

FIRM CULTURE

• Team will decide issues, develop methods, and execute study

• Previously handled by academics

• Future firms will have in-house researchers

• Ideal team:

RESEARCH TEAM

designers clients academics


Designers Owners Academics

DESIGN RESEARCH

Objectives Parameters Measures

RESEARCH TEAM


Designers Owners Academics

•Provide records of objectives via program and minutes.

•Document goals to set focus and structure for the evaluation.

RESEARCH TEAM

•Set budget parameters.

•Provide access, encourage participation, facilitate IRB.

•Staff implement findings.

•Understand methods and analysis of results.

•May involve statisticians and specialists.

•More aware of publishing venues.

PRACTICAL POINTERS:

1. Number and type of consultants depends on research objectives. e.g., research on a hospital garden, would include landscape and architecture firms.

2. Facility representative should facilitate access and encourage participation. Might be CEO, or director of nursing.

Djc.com; Legacy Good Samaritan

RESEARCH TEAM

Contracted Research Consultants

Partnerships with Academics

Partnerships with Vendors

Academic Advisory Councils

In-House Research

RESEARCH/PRACTICE MODELS





In-House Research


Consultants hired for sole purpose of providing a particular service: • gathering data, • RING papers, • CEU presentations.

Example:

1. Design firm interested in determining whether a conflict existed between evidence-based design (EBD) and design features that promote eco-effective design (EED).

2. Obtained a grant and contacted an academic who would serve as a consultant regarding the research methods.

EBD

EED


Results : While there are occasional conflicts between sustainable measures and EBD measures in general the two approaches were compatible.


patient centered

family supportive

staff support-

ive

access to nature

art, en-tertn, music

social in-teraction

privacy choice control infection reduction

acoustics & lighting

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

Impact of EBD issues on sustainability in EBD facilitiesSupportive No impact Problematic





In-House Research


• Collaboration would support research on a particular project.

• Firm staff and academic researchers might develop and disseminate a project together.

• Student would play a role in analyzing and summarizing the data.

Example:

1. Firm was interested in conducting a pre- and post-occupancy evaluation of a free clinic.

2. PIC contacted an academic and asked if this study could be conducted while working with students.

3. Client interested in playing a significant role in the research project.


Plans courtesy of Perkins+Will

Method:

• Pre- and post-survey distributed to staff, patients and families.

• Survey questions linked to original design objectives.

• Staff distributed survey in old facility, and again several months later after relocation.

Med-ical; 48%Admin;

20%

other32%

Staff Position

Pa-tients95%

Family5%

Client Role



Results:

• New facility more highly rated than old facility regarding objectives.

• A few objectives were not effective, e.g., comfort.

• Newness of the furnishings may have made some patients concerned about damage.

entra

nce

rece

ption

waiting

room

work

stat

ions

exam

room

s1.00

1.50

2.00

2.50

3.00

3.50

4.00

4.50

5.00

3.87

4.52 4.45 4.384.51

Patient and Family Response to Size vs. Supporting Needs





In-House Research


Occasionally a manufacturer will request input from a firm, or collaborate with an academic institution to explore the effectiveness of a specific product.

Example:

1. Neonatologist and manufacturer of medical equipment interested in developing a new design for an incubator.

2. Neonatologist contacted academic to conduct a literature review and generate design options.

3. Academic recruited faculty member in industrial engineering.

4. Faculty members involved their students in process.


Method:

• Began with analysis of literature on design of NICUs and incubators.

• Architects focused on needs of infants and families; engineers focused on staff ergonomics.

• Researchers made behavioral observations.

• Architecture and engineering students generated and shared proposals.

Task analysis

• Where do breakdowns occur?

• What are common task steps?

• Where are divergent strategies?


Results:

Team generated recommendations:

• broader interface between the infant and the family

• more effective ergonometric design for the staff.






In-House Research


Practitioners may participate as members of an advisory group in support of an academic research organization.

Example:

1. Some universities have formal affiliations with industry.

2. Members of council contribute to organization that includes faculty fellows and students.

3. Member activities:

• annual meeting• presentations in classes • studio crits, • access to faculty re:

research questions.

38%

19%3%

8%

8%

3%

3%

3%

3%

3%

3% 8%

Composition of CHSD Faculty Fellows

ARCH

LAUP

Nursing

COSC

Health Science

ED PSYCH

ENGING

Heth/Kin

SRPH

PLAN

AGRI

Off Campus


Method:

• Industry firm interested in studies on behavioral health/emergency departments.

• Researchers conducted literature search comparing health environments to patient and operational outcomes.

• Consulted approximately 20 databases, and considered more than 500 articles for inclusion.






In-House Research


Research conducted within a firm, perhaps in collaboration with a client.

Example:

1. Design firm completed an ICU. Primary design objectives were:

increase access to light

increase views to nature.

2. In-house research staff, professional staff and client examined outcomes of the new facility relative to its predecessor.


Plan courtesy of Shepley Bulfinch

Method:

• Regarding environmental variables, client gathered data on light levels in new and old facility.

• Regarding outcomes, the research team gathered data on patient pain and other medical statistics.

• Client provided staff attrition and absenteeism data.


Plan courtesy of Shepley Bulfinch

Results:

• Patient outcomes support the hypothesized trends, but not statistically significant.

• Improvements in retention and absenteeism were found.


Photo courtesy of Shepley Bulfinch

RESEARCH IN PROFESSIONAL PRACTICE

In-House Research Model – RIPP

What is RIPP?

• Researchers in Professional Practice

• Founded in 2008

• Listserv

• Gathering at Annual Conference

• Biennial survey (2010 and 2012)

• Respondents in 2012 (n=15)• Email distribution with follow up• Subject source: participation in Health Design Summit, RIPP

RIPP SURVEY

1. What type of firm do you work for?

2. What is your firm size?

3. What is your office size?

4. How many staff involved with research?

5. Staff member dedicated to research?

6. Major research roles?

7. Other activities?

8. Do your researchers publish?

9. Are researchers involved with design?

10. How are researchers involved with clients?

11. Roles of staff who work with researchers?

12. Roles of people outside firm who work with researchers?

13. Researcher educational background?

14. Sources of funding?

15. Market sectors?

16. Research topics?

ABOUT RESEARCH IN YOUR PRACTICE …

POINTS TO CONSIDER

QUALITY Is the conducted research substantive?

PRACTICALITY Is the research well-integrated into the design process?

COMMUNICATION Are the research findings communicated effectively?

SUPPORT Is a business model in place that supports research activities?

NOTES FROM RIPP STUDY IN 2010

TOP BARRIERS TO RESEARCH

RESEARCHERS 1. Labor Hours2. Additional Time3. Billing Precedent4. Relevant Evidence5. Client Support & Contradictory Research

PRACTITIONERS 1. Relevant Evidence2. Identify Flawed Research3. Billing Precedent4. Contradictory Research5. Additional Time

BUSINESS

RESEARCH

2012 RESEARCH IN PRACTICE FOLLOW-UP

QUESTIONS

QUALITY What is the research staff level of expertise?Who are the outside collaborators?

PRACTICALITY Are the researchers involved in the design process?Are the research findings incorporated into design?

COMMUNICATION Are the research findings published and shared through appropriate outlets?

SUPPORT How are the research activities funded?How are the research activities supporting the business?

TYPE AND SIZE OF OFFICES

Archite

cture

Interio

r Desig

n

Furnitu

re/ A

rt/Furn

ishing

Design Rese

arch

Engineering

Healthca

re

Structu

ral

Landsca

pe02468

10121416

1_49 50_149 150_299 300 and over0

4

8

12

16

RESEARCH ACTIVITIES STAFFING

Yes

No, But w

e pla

n to h

ave in th

e futu

re

No, But w

e used to

have in

the p

astNo

0

4

8

12

16

1 Person 2-4 People

Over 5 People

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

Does your office have a research staff member dedicated to research for more than 50% of their time?

How many people in your office are involved with research?

RESEARCH STAFF ACTIVITIES

Conduct Inte

rnet S

earches

Identify an

d Review Sc

holary P

ublicati

ons

Conduct Post

Occupan

cy Ev

aluati

ons

Conduct Stu

dies with

Outsi

de Researc

hers

Writ

e Researc

h Proposa

ls

Mark

eting

Client R

elations

Continuing Educati

on

Researc

h Inform

ed Desig

n

Document R

eview

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

RESEARCH AREAS OF FOCUS

Sustainabilit

y

Building Tech

nology

Health

Operational Efficie

ncy

User S

atisfacti

on

User P

erform

ance0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

RESEARCH PUBLICATIONS

No Public

ations

Blogs

White

Papers

Magazi

ne Arti

cles

Mark

eting B

ooklets

Peer Revie

wed J

ournals

Confere

nce Papers

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

RESEARCH STAFF BACKGROUND

B.A B.Arch/BED M.A. M.Sc M.Arch PhD0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

4 or more2 or 3Only 1

INVOLVEMENT WITH DESIGN

Strate

gic Planning

Schematic D

esign

Design Development

Coordinate

POEs with

Project

Managers

Inform Desig

n Team about EBD

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

How is the research staff involved with the Design Process?

INVOLVEMENT WITH DESIGN

Not Involv

ed

In S

upport of F

irm M

arketin

g

To Dis

cuss Desig

n Decis

ions

To Dis

cuss PO

Es

As Pro

ject L

eaders0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16How is the research staff involved with clients?

INTERNAL RESEARCH COLLABORATORS

Archite

cts and Desig

ners

Support Staff

Marketing Staff

Project

Managers

Office M

anagers/Dire

ctors

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

EXTERNAL RESEARCH COLLABORATORS

Educators Researchers Facility Managers

Clinicians Vendors Peers0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

SOURCES OF FUNDING

Client Funded Projects

External Funding Opportunities

Firm Overhead Firm Research and Development

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

MARKET SECTORS SUPPORT

Healthca

re

Higher Educa

tion

K-12 Education

Corporate

/Commerci

al

Federal Practi

ce

Sport/Recre

ation

Science

/Tech

nology

Planning/Stra

tegies

Prese

rvation/Reuse

Urban Desig

n0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70 Very little supportLittle supportStrong supportVery strong support

SURVEY SUMMARYFINDINGS

QUALITY A wide range of activities, level of expertise, and time and budget dedication can be observed across firms, which is due to each firms needs and resources. However, this can demonstrate need for introducing a bench mark for research in Practice.

PRACTICALITY While researchers are involved with design process, their strongest presence is in marketing and research- indicating that research is mostly used for business development rather than informing design decisions

COMMUNICATION Most firms use a wide variety of outlets to communicate their research findings.

SUPPORT Need for establishing a sustainable business model for research in practice is evident. Most firms are reliant on firm overhead for funding their research efforts.

FEEDBACK

2012 researchers in professional practice (RIPP)

Design

Transcript of 2012 researchers in professional practice (RIPP)